Objective: to study the dependent factors of the elderly on the treatment of chronic diseases. Methods: from March 2018 to April 2019 in our hospital, 100 cases of elderly chronic diseases with one or more of three ch...Objective: to study the dependent factors of the elderly on the treatment of chronic diseases. Methods: from March 2018 to April 2019 in our hospital, 100 cases of elderly chronic diseases with one or more of three chronic diseases: hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes were selected from simple random samples. Develop and implement regular surveys to identify dependence on treatment for chronic conditions. Results: before retirees treated for chronic conditions, it was generally more effective that 81% of seniors chose to see a doctor after their health improved or worsened and then decided to stop taking medications. 19% of seniors have no access to medications because their treatment options are too complex. 80% of the elderly have a regular check-up, while 20% are unable to do so because the hospital is too far from the hospital or in a difficult situation. Bottom line: while treatment of chronic conditions in the elderly prior to retirement is generally better than treatment of gender-related conditions, medical perceptions and behaviors still require more attention. To further increase the autonomy of older persons in the fight against chronic sexually transmitted diseases, evidence-based, effective and comprehensive strategies are needed to increase the autonomy of older persons in the fight against chronic sexually transmitted diseases.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the insomnia incidence and treatment status of military retired cadres and offer an instruction for their health care. Methods: We designed a questionnaires composed of general information, h...Objective: To investigate the insomnia incidence and treatment status of military retired cadres and offer an instruction for their health care. Methods: We designed a questionnaires composed of general information, health-related factors, diseases, etc. Insomnia manifestations included regular sleep time, shorten sleep time and extent, time of falling asleep, sleep quality, difficultly returning to sleep after awakening at mid-night, insomnia time, etc. Results: A total of 4759 questionnaires (94.2%) were reclaimed. Dyssomnia was found in 1843 persons (38.7%), including 1006 cases of transient insomnia (44.0%) and 837 cases of acute insomnia (36.6%). Conclusion: About one third of the examined military retired cadres have sleep problems, so they should enhance the health care consciousness and receive proper nurse and treatment.展开更多
Gastroparesis is a severe diabetic complication,caused by a progressive multifactorial enteric neuropathy.To make an early diagnosis in patients at risk of diabetic gastroparesis is crucial for slow down its progressi...Gastroparesis is a severe diabetic complication,caused by a progressive multifactorial enteric neuropathy.To make an early diagnosis in patients at risk of diabetic gastroparesis is crucial for slow down its progression towards full-blown disease source of further complications and requesting effective,but unsafe,drugs as well as invasive surgical treatments.This aim can be achieved by detecting its first signal represented by the gastric emptying(GE)delay,by using,among the tests to measure GE,the simple,safe,reliable,and easily available one,that is realtime ultrasonography,possibly done annually.Once the GE delay has been identified,it is necessary to evaluate with endoluminal functional lumen imaging probe or manometry whether it depends on pylorospasm,which should be treated by means of non-surgical endoscopic therapies.If,instead,it depends on initial gastropathy,detected by electrogastrograhic body surface gastric mapping,it should be treated with the safest prokinetic drugs and with the newly emerging treatments,thus distancing heavy medical and surgical treatments,while waiting for future solutions.展开更多
Device-based measurements are recommended to improve population-based physical activity(PA)surveillance.1,2However,implementation remains challenging due to lack of consensus on analytical methods,and the most widely ...Device-based measurements are recommended to improve population-based physical activity(PA)surveillance.1,2However,implementation remains challenging due to lack of consensus on analytical methods,and the most widely used“generic”(absolute intensity)cut-point approach has limited generalisability to population-level free-living data.Further,current methods generally fail to account for differences in people's physical capacity.展开更多
In recent years, the retired veteran cadres have grown older and older, and their numbers have also increased year by year. In this case, how to maintain the physical and mental health of empty nest veteran cadre, and...In recent years, the retired veteran cadres have grown older and older, and their numbers have also increased year by year. In this case, how to maintain the physical and mental health of empty nest veteran cadre, and further improve the quality of their life has been a realistic problem many primary health care doctors have to face and solve.展开更多
AIM To evaluate the treatment effects of recombinant human interleukin-12(rh IL-12) on radiotherapy complications, such as severe myelosuppression or pancytopenia, the decline or imbalance of immune function, etc.METH...AIM To evaluate the treatment effects of recombinant human interleukin-12(rh IL-12) on radiotherapy complications, such as severe myelosuppression or pancytopenia, the decline or imbalance of immune function, etc.METHODS The patients received high-dose and short-course precise radiotherapy, such as Cyber knife and image-guided radiotherapy(IGRT), which can cause myelosuppression or pancytopenia and immune function decline within a short time. One-hundred subjects were enrolled in the study, and 50 were randomized to a treatment group which used rh IL-12 and 50 were randomized to a control group which used symptomatic and supportive therapy after radiotherapy. The 50 subjects in the treatment group were further divided into five subgroups and intervenedwith rh IL-12 at a dose of 50, 100, 150, 200 or 250 ng/kg respectively. The dose-effect relationship was observed. RESULTS Rh IL-12 significantly attenuated the decrease of peripheral blood cells in the treatment group, and immune function was improved after treatment. Due to the different radiation doses, there was a fluctuation within 12 h after treatment but mostly showing an increasing trend. As to the clinical manifestations, 2 patients in the 250 ng/kg subgroup showed low fever after administration, 1 patient in the 200 ng/kg subgroup and 2 patients in the 250 ng/kg subgroup showed mild impairment of liver function during the observation period.CONCLUSION Rh IL-12 has effective therapeutic and protective effects on complications following radiotherapy, such as the decline of blood cells, myelosuppression and the decline or imbalance of immune function, which indicated good prospects for development and application.展开更多
The effect of solutes on grain formation has been studied over a century but is still under debating,simply because it is a very complex topic.This article focuses on the effect of dissolved solute on the growth,fragm...The effect of solutes on grain formation has been studied over a century but is still under debating,simply because it is a very complex topic.This article focuses on the effect of dissolved solute on the growth,fragmentation of a dendrite and the resultant grain size.Experimental data on grain size in magnesium and aluminum alloys with various solute concentrations are collected and analyzed using phase diagram variables including Q,P,andΔT.The physical meaning of each phase diagram variable is discussed.Curve fitting of the recently proposed two-parameter models with experimental data suggests that there is a clear correlation between the measured grain size and the solidification range of the alloy over the entire range of the hypoeutectic composition.Such a trend of grain size vs.ΔT is closely related to the grain refining mechanisms operating under relevant experimental conditions.A critical review of the grain refining mechanisms indicates that the mechanisms associated with the dendrite fragmentation are operating under the conditions where convection is substantial in the melt during its solidification.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to continue analyzing the interactions in the three-body system made up of the Sun, the Moon, and the Earth. First, we review new details about Moon-Earth connections, with a special focus on ...The aim of this paper is to continue analyzing the interactions in the three-body system made up of the Sun, the Moon, and the Earth. First, we review new details about Moon-Earth connections, with a special focus on mechanical forces. Following, we expand the study to consider the pair Sun-Earth, with calculations for electromagnetic forces. The objective in both cases is to know how mechanical and electromagnetic forces affect seismological events on Earth. Our calculations found that Solar Cycles have no direct interaction with earthquake variations. Instead, we established that there is an internal discrepancy for quakes below 35 km detected in some of the regions analyzed. The results indicate that geomagnetic variations must be studied next to understand their connections to earthquakes.展开更多
Background: The present study was designed to evaluate load carriage performance at extremely high altitudes with different loads and walking speeds in terms of physiological evaluation. The degree of maximum oxygen c...Background: The present study was designed to evaluate load carriage performance at extremely high altitudes with different loads and walking speeds in terms of physiological evaluation. The degree of maximum oxygen consumption changes at high altitudes was also examined.Methods: Twelve Indian Army soldiers were acclimatized at altitudes of 3,505 m and 4,300 m. They walked for 10 minutes on a motorized treadmill at 2.5km/h and 3.5km/h speeds during carrying no loads and three magnitudes of load(10.7kg, 21.4kg, 30kg) at both altitudes. Physiological parameters such as oxygen consumption, energy expenditure, heart rate, and ventilation were recorded for each breath using a gas analyzer. The rating of perceived exertion was also noted after each load carriage session. Maximal oxygen consumption(VO2max) was measured at sea level and the two high altitudes, and respective relative workloads(% of VO2max) were calculated from oxygen consumption. Repeated measure ANOVA was applied to reveal the significant effects of the independent variables.Results: The participants had significant reductions in VO2 max with rising altitude. Marked increases in almost all physiological parameters were observed with increasing load, altitude, and speed. The soldiers expressed heavy perceived exertion levels with higher loads at 3.5km/h at the two high altitudes.Conclusions: Considering the physiological responses, expressions of perceived exertion and changes in relative work load at both of the high altitudes. Indian soldiers are advised to walk slowly with adequate rest in between their schedules and to carry not more than 32% of their body weight.展开更多
AIM:To observe the expression of vascula r endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and Factor VIII related antigen(FVIII-R Ag )in rats brain tissue in the bor-der zone of the hematoma,and explore the relationship between the e...AIM:To observe the expression of vascula r endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and Factor VIII related antigen(FVIII-R Ag )in rats brain tissue in the bor-der zone of the hematoma,and explore the relationship between the expres-sion of VEGF and the brain angionesis after intracerebral hmorrhage(ICH).METHODS:Rat of model of ICH was induced by inje ction of collagenase physiological saline into the right caudate nucleus.The immunohistoch emical methods were performed by using diff erent antisera of VEGF and FVIII-R Ag in serial sections of rats brain at 12h,1d,3d and 7d after ICH respec-tively.RESULTS:T he amount of VEGF positive cells was markedly in-creased,and reached the highest at 7th day in the border zone after ICG(P<0.01),but there were no significant diffe rence among the mean value of A of cells at different time points(P>0.05).Compared with the controls,both the FVIII-R Ag positive endothelial cells and the A of cells were signific antly different in experimental ICH goups after 1day.CONCLUSION:The up-regulated expression of VEGF might i nduce proliferation of endothelial cell and angiogenesis in the border zone a fter ICH in rats.展开更多
Background:Natural forests cover approximately 29%of New Zealand’s landmass and represent a large terrestrial carbon pool.In 2002 New Zealand implemented its first representative plot-based natural forest inventory t...Background:Natural forests cover approximately 29%of New Zealand’s landmass and represent a large terrestrial carbon pool.In 2002 New Zealand implemented its first representative plot-based natural forest inventory to assess carbon stocks and stock changes in these mostly undisturbed old-growth forests.Although previous studies have provided estimates of biomass or carbon stocks,these were either not fully representative or lacked data from important pools such as dead wood(coarse woody debris).The current analysis provides the most complete estimates of carbon stocks and stock changes in natural forests in New Zealand.Results:We present estimates of per hectare carbon stocks and stock changes in live and dead organic matter pools excluding soil carbon based on the first two measurement cycles of the New Zealand Natural Forest Inventory carried out from 2002 to 2014.These show that New Zealand’s natural forests are in balance and are neither a carbon source nor a carbon sink.The average total carbon stock was 227.0±14.4 tC·ha^(−1)(95%C.I.)and did not change significantly in the 7.7 years between measurements with the net annual change estimated to be 0.03±0.18 tC·ha^(−1)·yr^(−1).There was a wide variation in carbon stocks between forest groups.Regenerating forest had an averaged carbon stock of only 53.6±9.4 tC·ha^(−1) but had a significant sequestration rate of 0.63±0.25 tC·ha^(−1)·yr^(−1),while tall forest had an average carbon stock of 252.4±15.5 tC·ha^(−1),but its sequestration rate did not differ significantly from zero(−0.06±0.20 tC·ha^(−1)·yr^(−1)).The forest alliance with the largest average carbon stock in above and below ground live and dead organic matter pools was silver beech-red beech-kamahi forest carrying 360.5±34.6 tC·ha^(−1).Dead wood and litter comprised 27%of the total carbon stock.Conclusions:New Zealand’s Natural Forest Inventory provides estimates of carbon stocks including estimates for difficult to measure pools such as dead wood and roots.It also provides estimates of uncertainties including effects of model prediction error and sampling variation between plots.Importantly it shows that on a national level New Zealand’s natural forests are in balance.Nevertheless,this is a nationally important carbon pool that requires continuous monitoring to identify potential negative or positive changes.展开更多
Data strategies and tactics used to create and promulgate robust databases across a wide organization are subject to a number of constraints and challenges.This presentation reviews lessons learned from one company in...Data strategies and tactics used to create and promulgate robust databases across a wide organization are subject to a number of constraints and challenges.This presentation reviews lessons learned from one company in the oil and gas industry,and illustrates how that company met and overcame challenges during the database design and implementation phases.展开更多
Objective：Ascites in patients with hepatic cirrhosis is caused by cirrhosis in most cases.For most malignant ascites,the primary malignancy could be readily identified using conventional imaging methods,e.g.,computer...Objective：Ascites in patients with hepatic cirrhosis is caused by cirrhosis in most cases.For most malignant ascites,the primary malignancy could be readily identified using conventional imaging methods,e.g.,computer tomography （CT） and magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）.However,in a small fraction of the patients,the primary malignancy remains occult even with these examinations.In this retrospective study,we assessed the usefulness of 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with hepatic cirrhosis and malignant ascites of otherwise unknown origin.Methods：Twenty-eight patients with malignant ascites of unknown primary sites after CT,MRI and ultrasound during the period of five years between January 2008 and December 2012 had received 18F-FDG PET/CT.Medical records of these patients were reviewed and analyzed.Results：Elevated 18F-FDG absorption was found in 23 of 28 cases in the following sites：gastrointestinal tract （n=10,43.5％）,prostate （n=5,21.7％）,peritoneum （n=4,13.3％）,and ovary （n=4,13.3％）.Cancer was confirmed by pathology in 20 cases after open or laparoscopic surgeries.Five patients were found to have benign ascites,among which,3 were found to be false positive due to tuberculosis.SUV values were significantly higher for tumors than for benign lesions （mean values,6.95 vs.2.94; P=0.005）.Conclusions：The 18F-FDG PET/CT can be as a powerful imaging tool in identifying tissue origin in liver cirrhosis patients suspected of cancers or with cancers of unknown primary sites.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the worldwide variation of deep and ultra-deep earthquakes (DQ and UDQ) during the period 1996-2017. This project found only three locations around the globe presenting this kind o...The aim of this paper is to evaluate the worldwide variation of deep and ultra-deep earthquakes (DQ and UDQ) during the period 1996-2017. This project found only three locations around the globe presenting this kind of seismicity. Although there are other global settings showing deep seismicity, they are not periodical and cannot be considered by a statistical view. The three areas with intense activity for DQ and UDQ events are located mostly in subduction areas. The largest variations of DQ and UDQ border the Pacific Ocean and include the North Pacific, South Pacific, and South America. The major difference in this set is that the first two sites are subduction zones and the South American occurrences happened in the interior of the continent. Another anomaly is an internal layer between 300 - 500 km in South America that shows no tremors in the period studied. However, below 500 km activity reappears, even at extreme depths of up to 650 km. We suggested that the reason for those occurrences would be due to an anomaly in the asthenosphere in this region. This anomaly would probably be presenting a breakable material that was pushed by the Nazca platform against the South America plate. Other depths below 100 km in all the regions are discussed as well. We suggested that the reason for those occurrences was an anomaly created in the asthenosphere as part of the process of the South America collision with the Nazca plate. Part of the Nazca plate has subducted below South America, creating a slab as deep as 500 km. The convergent slab is still moving against South America and sinking due to the gravity and rotation of the Earth. The discrepancies in the occurrences we tracked at different locations indicated that this slab had different thicknesses around South America. We found similar results for Vanuatu and Fiji;in these regions UDQ events occur at the subduction zones under the ocean with depths greater than 700 km. Here, a possible explanation is that part of the lithosphere is subducted at these depths and is causing tremors.展开更多
In the west coast of the United States, there are frequent strong earthquakes and volcanic activities in the crust, high accuracy of the earthquake catalogue, so it is the best choice to study prediction of strong ear...In the west coast of the United States, there are frequent strong earthquakes and volcanic activities in the crust, high accuracy of the earthquake catalogue, so it is the best choice to study prediction of strong earthquakes and volcanoes, and there are two different types of seismic cone tectonics, volcanic type and intracrustal strong seismicity type, so it becomes the epitome of global earthquake prediction research, rarer. In this paper, according to the data of ANSS earthquake catalogue in the United States, using the Seismo-Geothermic Theory and its methods, the images were processed such as the planar distribution images and the three-dimensional images of the general earthquakes, subcrustal earthquakes, intracrustal strong earthquakes and volcanic eruption and the sequence diagrams of subcrustal earthquakes in the study area, as well as theory explanation of their relations with the San Andreas Fault. According to this idea, the volcanic origin and precursory information of U01 mini seismic cone tectonic were firstly studied, then the causes of intracrustal strong seismicity of U02 mini seismic cone tectonic and their migration rules were studied. The precursory information of M7.1 earthquake on July 6, 2019, was analyzed and summarized in U02 mini seismic cone tectonic, and a basic method for handling similar events in the future was given. In this paper, it thinks strong earthquake and volcanic disaster are from deep mantle heat energy, rather than the result of the independence movement of surface structure. Therefore, it finds the most natural energy of causes of seismicity and volcanic activity and opens a new direction for the prediction research of earthquakes and volcanoes.展开更多
The article describes a project proposed to determine the epicenter of a future short-focus earthquake tens of hours before and to reduce the magnitude of an impending catastrophic earthquake. It focuses on developing...The article describes a project proposed to determine the epicenter of a future short-focus earthquake tens of hours before and to reduce the magnitude of an impending catastrophic earthquake. It focuses on developing a physical model to determine the conditions necessary for the start of an earthquake, for a method based on the registration of flows of mercury vapor in the gas rising from the Earth. This model gives an explanation of why an earthquake precursor appears so early (such a long period of time can range from a few to hundreds of hours). Normally, the characteristic times of an earthquake precursor for seismic methods are tens of seconds. The project is based on the physical and mathematical models of an earthquake. The derived formula for the time of the precursor of a future earthquake allows us to explain and to describe the time increase for the precursor, depending on the magnitude of the earthquake. The method of reducing the magnitude of an impending catastrophic earthquake is based on the proposed physical model of the onset of an earthquake and is implemented by the action of a vibration source in the region of the detected earthquake epicenter. The proposed system should save citizens, lives from future short-focus earthquakes.展开更多
The unresolved issue in the negotiation on the new climate regime is whether the multilateral consensus at Paris will be around international cooperation to deal with the causes, the need for a global transformation t...The unresolved issue in the negotiation on the new climate regime is whether the multilateral consensus at Paris will be around international cooperation to deal with the causes, the need for a global transformation to a low carbon economy and society, or focus on emissions reduction, which are the symptoms of the problem.展开更多
The Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)of the United Nations 2030 Agenda are a key focus for implementing the Sustainable Development(SD)concept.But generally speaking,SD goals and targets are continuously evolving,co...The Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)of the United Nations 2030 Agenda are a key focus for implementing the Sustainable Development(SD)concept.But generally speaking,SD goals and targets are continuously evolving,country specific,complex to implement,and are often given relatively short time horizons,such as the 15-year horizon for the SDGs.Many SD issues need a much longer time horizon as the policy interventions to deal with these issues can take decades before their effects become apparent,which is especially true for China.The T21 China 2050 is developed to study the long-term SD challenges and opportunities of the country.In its business-as-usual simulation to 2050,T21 China 2050 reveals some of the sustainability challenges facing China,including 1)aging population and labor force decline,2)huge food imports,3)land degradation and loss of arable land,4)water shortages,5)huge fossil fuel imports,and 6)carbon dioxide emissions.These SD issues are a subset of the SDGs specifically relevant to China over a time horizon well beyond 2030.The model is then used to test possible policy interventions in these six areas under two separate scenarios:Balanced and Narrowly Focused.The major results from these two scenarios are compared with those of the business-as-usual scenario.The simulations show that by adopting certain policy measures,China’s path towards SD can be further improved.It also shows that a variety of policy measures can be selected and tested with the T21 China 2050 model for exploring the future SD prospects of the country.Specific policies recommended include:extension of retirement age,adjustment of the current family planning policy,protection of agriculture land,promotion of agricultural R&D to raise yield,improvement of public transportation to slow private vehicle ownership,increased investment in renewable energy,and water conservation.展开更多
文摘Objective: to study the dependent factors of the elderly on the treatment of chronic diseases. Methods: from March 2018 to April 2019 in our hospital, 100 cases of elderly chronic diseases with one or more of three chronic diseases: hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes were selected from simple random samples. Develop and implement regular surveys to identify dependence on treatment for chronic conditions. Results: before retirees treated for chronic conditions, it was generally more effective that 81% of seniors chose to see a doctor after their health improved or worsened and then decided to stop taking medications. 19% of seniors have no access to medications because their treatment options are too complex. 80% of the elderly have a regular check-up, while 20% are unable to do so because the hospital is too far from the hospital or in a difficult situation. Bottom line: while treatment of chronic conditions in the elderly prior to retirement is generally better than treatment of gender-related conditions, medical perceptions and behaviors still require more attention. To further increase the autonomy of older persons in the fight against chronic sexually transmitted diseases, evidence-based, effective and comprehensive strategies are needed to increase the autonomy of older persons in the fight against chronic sexually transmitted diseases.
文摘Objective: To investigate the insomnia incidence and treatment status of military retired cadres and offer an instruction for their health care. Methods: We designed a questionnaires composed of general information, health-related factors, diseases, etc. Insomnia manifestations included regular sleep time, shorten sleep time and extent, time of falling asleep, sleep quality, difficultly returning to sleep after awakening at mid-night, insomnia time, etc. Results: A total of 4759 questionnaires (94.2%) were reclaimed. Dyssomnia was found in 1843 persons (38.7%), including 1006 cases of transient insomnia (44.0%) and 837 cases of acute insomnia (36.6%). Conclusion: About one third of the examined military retired cadres have sleep problems, so they should enhance the health care consciousness and receive proper nurse and treatment.
文摘Gastroparesis is a severe diabetic complication,caused by a progressive multifactorial enteric neuropathy.To make an early diagnosis in patients at risk of diabetic gastroparesis is crucial for slow down its progression towards full-blown disease source of further complications and requesting effective,but unsafe,drugs as well as invasive surgical treatments.This aim can be achieved by detecting its first signal represented by the gastric emptying(GE)delay,by using,among the tests to measure GE,the simple,safe,reliable,and easily available one,that is realtime ultrasonography,possibly done annually.Once the GE delay has been identified,it is necessary to evaluate with endoluminal functional lumen imaging probe or manometry whether it depends on pylorospasm,which should be treated by means of non-surgical endoscopic therapies.If,instead,it depends on initial gastropathy,detected by electrogastrograhic body surface gastric mapping,it should be treated with the safest prokinetic drugs and with the newly emerging treatments,thus distancing heavy medical and surgical treatments,while waiting for future solutions.
文摘Device-based measurements are recommended to improve population-based physical activity(PA)surveillance.1,2However,implementation remains challenging due to lack of consensus on analytical methods,and the most widely used“generic”(absolute intensity)cut-point approach has limited generalisability to population-level free-living data.Further,current methods generally fail to account for differences in people's physical capacity.
文摘In recent years, the retired veteran cadres have grown older and older, and their numbers have also increased year by year. In this case, how to maintain the physical and mental health of empty nest veteran cadre, and further improve the quality of their life has been a realistic problem many primary health care doctors have to face and solve.
文摘AIM To evaluate the treatment effects of recombinant human interleukin-12(rh IL-12) on radiotherapy complications, such as severe myelosuppression or pancytopenia, the decline or imbalance of immune function, etc.METHODS The patients received high-dose and short-course precise radiotherapy, such as Cyber knife and image-guided radiotherapy(IGRT), which can cause myelosuppression or pancytopenia and immune function decline within a short time. One-hundred subjects were enrolled in the study, and 50 were randomized to a treatment group which used rh IL-12 and 50 were randomized to a control group which used symptomatic and supportive therapy after radiotherapy. The 50 subjects in the treatment group were further divided into five subgroups and intervenedwith rh IL-12 at a dose of 50, 100, 150, 200 or 250 ng/kg respectively. The dose-effect relationship was observed. RESULTS Rh IL-12 significantly attenuated the decrease of peripheral blood cells in the treatment group, and immune function was improved after treatment. Due to the different radiation doses, there was a fluctuation within 12 h after treatment but mostly showing an increasing trend. As to the clinical manifestations, 2 patients in the 250 ng/kg subgroup showed low fever after administration, 1 patient in the 200 ng/kg subgroup and 2 patients in the 250 ng/kg subgroup showed mild impairment of liver function during the observation period.CONCLUSION Rh IL-12 has effective therapeutic and protective effects on complications following radiotherapy, such as the decline of blood cells, myelosuppression and the decline or imbalance of immune function, which indicated good prospects for development and application.
文摘The effect of solutes on grain formation has been studied over a century but is still under debating,simply because it is a very complex topic.This article focuses on the effect of dissolved solute on the growth,fragmentation of a dendrite and the resultant grain size.Experimental data on grain size in magnesium and aluminum alloys with various solute concentrations are collected and analyzed using phase diagram variables including Q,P,andΔT.The physical meaning of each phase diagram variable is discussed.Curve fitting of the recently proposed two-parameter models with experimental data suggests that there is a clear correlation between the measured grain size and the solidification range of the alloy over the entire range of the hypoeutectic composition.Such a trend of grain size vs.ΔT is closely related to the grain refining mechanisms operating under relevant experimental conditions.A critical review of the grain refining mechanisms indicates that the mechanisms associated with the dendrite fragmentation are operating under the conditions where convection is substantial in the melt during its solidification.
文摘The aim of this paper is to continue analyzing the interactions in the three-body system made up of the Sun, the Moon, and the Earth. First, we review new details about Moon-Earth connections, with a special focus on mechanical forces. Following, we expand the study to consider the pair Sun-Earth, with calculations for electromagnetic forces. The objective in both cases is to know how mechanical and electromagnetic forces affect seismological events on Earth. Our calculations found that Solar Cycles have no direct interaction with earthquake variations. Instead, we established that there is an internal discrepancy for quakes below 35 km detected in some of the regions analyzed. The results indicate that geomagnetic variations must be studied next to understand their connections to earthquakes.
基金funded through Project No.S&T-09/DIP-251,C3.0 from the Defence Research and Development Organization(DRDO),Ministry of Defence,Government of India
文摘Background: The present study was designed to evaluate load carriage performance at extremely high altitudes with different loads and walking speeds in terms of physiological evaluation. The degree of maximum oxygen consumption changes at high altitudes was also examined.Methods: Twelve Indian Army soldiers were acclimatized at altitudes of 3,505 m and 4,300 m. They walked for 10 minutes on a motorized treadmill at 2.5km/h and 3.5km/h speeds during carrying no loads and three magnitudes of load(10.7kg, 21.4kg, 30kg) at both altitudes. Physiological parameters such as oxygen consumption, energy expenditure, heart rate, and ventilation were recorded for each breath using a gas analyzer. The rating of perceived exertion was also noted after each load carriage session. Maximal oxygen consumption(VO2max) was measured at sea level and the two high altitudes, and respective relative workloads(% of VO2max) were calculated from oxygen consumption. Repeated measure ANOVA was applied to reveal the significant effects of the independent variables.Results: The participants had significant reductions in VO2 max with rising altitude. Marked increases in almost all physiological parameters were observed with increasing load, altitude, and speed. The soldiers expressed heavy perceived exertion levels with higher loads at 3.5km/h at the two high altitudes.Conclusions: Considering the physiological responses, expressions of perceived exertion and changes in relative work load at both of the high altitudes. Indian soldiers are advised to walk slowly with adequate rest in between their schedules and to carry not more than 32% of their body weight.
文摘AIM:To observe the expression of vascula r endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and Factor VIII related antigen(FVIII-R Ag )in rats brain tissue in the bor-der zone of the hematoma,and explore the relationship between the expres-sion of VEGF and the brain angionesis after intracerebral hmorrhage(ICH).METHODS:Rat of model of ICH was induced by inje ction of collagenase physiological saline into the right caudate nucleus.The immunohistoch emical methods were performed by using diff erent antisera of VEGF and FVIII-R Ag in serial sections of rats brain at 12h,1d,3d and 7d after ICH respec-tively.RESULTS:T he amount of VEGF positive cells was markedly in-creased,and reached the highest at 7th day in the border zone after ICG(P<0.01),but there were no significant diffe rence among the mean value of A of cells at different time points(P>0.05).Compared with the controls,both the FVIII-R Ag positive endothelial cells and the A of cells were signific antly different in experimental ICH goups after 1day.CONCLUSION:The up-regulated expression of VEGF might i nduce proliferation of endothelial cell and angiogenesis in the border zone a fter ICH in rats.
基金The New Zealand Ministry for the Environment provided funding to undertake data analysis and preparation of this manuscript under Statement of Work 21078Additional support was provided by the New Zealand Ministry for Business,Innovation and Employment Core funding to Crown Research Institutes.
文摘Background:Natural forests cover approximately 29%of New Zealand’s landmass and represent a large terrestrial carbon pool.In 2002 New Zealand implemented its first representative plot-based natural forest inventory to assess carbon stocks and stock changes in these mostly undisturbed old-growth forests.Although previous studies have provided estimates of biomass or carbon stocks,these were either not fully representative or lacked data from important pools such as dead wood(coarse woody debris).The current analysis provides the most complete estimates of carbon stocks and stock changes in natural forests in New Zealand.Results:We present estimates of per hectare carbon stocks and stock changes in live and dead organic matter pools excluding soil carbon based on the first two measurement cycles of the New Zealand Natural Forest Inventory carried out from 2002 to 2014.These show that New Zealand’s natural forests are in balance and are neither a carbon source nor a carbon sink.The average total carbon stock was 227.0±14.4 tC·ha^(−1)(95%C.I.)and did not change significantly in the 7.7 years between measurements with the net annual change estimated to be 0.03±0.18 tC·ha^(−1)·yr^(−1).There was a wide variation in carbon stocks between forest groups.Regenerating forest had an averaged carbon stock of only 53.6±9.4 tC·ha^(−1) but had a significant sequestration rate of 0.63±0.25 tC·ha^(−1)·yr^(−1),while tall forest had an average carbon stock of 252.4±15.5 tC·ha^(−1),but its sequestration rate did not differ significantly from zero(−0.06±0.20 tC·ha^(−1)·yr^(−1)).The forest alliance with the largest average carbon stock in above and below ground live and dead organic matter pools was silver beech-red beech-kamahi forest carrying 360.5±34.6 tC·ha^(−1).Dead wood and litter comprised 27%of the total carbon stock.Conclusions:New Zealand’s Natural Forest Inventory provides estimates of carbon stocks including estimates for difficult to measure pools such as dead wood and roots.It also provides estimates of uncertainties including effects of model prediction error and sampling variation between plots.Importantly it shows that on a national level New Zealand’s natural forests are in balance.Nevertheless,this is a nationally important carbon pool that requires continuous monitoring to identify potential negative or positive changes.
文摘Data strategies and tactics used to create and promulgate robust databases across a wide organization are subject to a number of constraints and challenges.This presentation reviews lessons learned from one company in the oil and gas industry,and illustrates how that company met and overcame challenges during the database design and implementation phases.
文摘Objective：Ascites in patients with hepatic cirrhosis is caused by cirrhosis in most cases.For most malignant ascites,the primary malignancy could be readily identified using conventional imaging methods,e.g.,computer tomography （CT） and magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）.However,in a small fraction of the patients,the primary malignancy remains occult even with these examinations.In this retrospective study,we assessed the usefulness of 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with hepatic cirrhosis and malignant ascites of otherwise unknown origin.Methods：Twenty-eight patients with malignant ascites of unknown primary sites after CT,MRI and ultrasound during the period of five years between January 2008 and December 2012 had received 18F-FDG PET/CT.Medical records of these patients were reviewed and analyzed.Results：Elevated 18F-FDG absorption was found in 23 of 28 cases in the following sites：gastrointestinal tract （n=10,43.5％）,prostate （n=5,21.7％）,peritoneum （n=4,13.3％）,and ovary （n=4,13.3％）.Cancer was confirmed by pathology in 20 cases after open or laparoscopic surgeries.Five patients were found to have benign ascites,among which,3 were found to be false positive due to tuberculosis.SUV values were significantly higher for tumors than for benign lesions （mean values,6.95 vs.2.94; P=0.005）.Conclusions：The 18F-FDG PET/CT can be as a powerful imaging tool in identifying tissue origin in liver cirrhosis patients suspected of cancers or with cancers of unknown primary sites.
文摘The aim of this paper is to evaluate the worldwide variation of deep and ultra-deep earthquakes (DQ and UDQ) during the period 1996-2017. This project found only three locations around the globe presenting this kind of seismicity. Although there are other global settings showing deep seismicity, they are not periodical and cannot be considered by a statistical view. The three areas with intense activity for DQ and UDQ events are located mostly in subduction areas. The largest variations of DQ and UDQ border the Pacific Ocean and include the North Pacific, South Pacific, and South America. The major difference in this set is that the first two sites are subduction zones and the South American occurrences happened in the interior of the continent. Another anomaly is an internal layer between 300 - 500 km in South America that shows no tremors in the period studied. However, below 500 km activity reappears, even at extreme depths of up to 650 km. We suggested that the reason for those occurrences would be due to an anomaly in the asthenosphere in this region. This anomaly would probably be presenting a breakable material that was pushed by the Nazca platform against the South America plate. Other depths below 100 km in all the regions are discussed as well. We suggested that the reason for those occurrences was an anomaly created in the asthenosphere as part of the process of the South America collision with the Nazca plate. Part of the Nazca plate has subducted below South America, creating a slab as deep as 500 km. The convergent slab is still moving against South America and sinking due to the gravity and rotation of the Earth. The discrepancies in the occurrences we tracked at different locations indicated that this slab had different thicknesses around South America. We found similar results for Vanuatu and Fiji;in these regions UDQ events occur at the subduction zones under the ocean with depths greater than 700 km. Here, a possible explanation is that part of the lithosphere is subducted at these depths and is causing tremors.
文摘In the west coast of the United States, there are frequent strong earthquakes and volcanic activities in the crust, high accuracy of the earthquake catalogue, so it is the best choice to study prediction of strong earthquakes and volcanoes, and there are two different types of seismic cone tectonics, volcanic type and intracrustal strong seismicity type, so it becomes the epitome of global earthquake prediction research, rarer. In this paper, according to the data of ANSS earthquake catalogue in the United States, using the Seismo-Geothermic Theory and its methods, the images were processed such as the planar distribution images and the three-dimensional images of the general earthquakes, subcrustal earthquakes, intracrustal strong earthquakes and volcanic eruption and the sequence diagrams of subcrustal earthquakes in the study area, as well as theory explanation of their relations with the San Andreas Fault. According to this idea, the volcanic origin and precursory information of U01 mini seismic cone tectonic were firstly studied, then the causes of intracrustal strong seismicity of U02 mini seismic cone tectonic and their migration rules were studied. The precursory information of M7.1 earthquake on July 6, 2019, was analyzed and summarized in U02 mini seismic cone tectonic, and a basic method for handling similar events in the future was given. In this paper, it thinks strong earthquake and volcanic disaster are from deep mantle heat energy, rather than the result of the independence movement of surface structure. Therefore, it finds the most natural energy of causes of seismicity and volcanic activity and opens a new direction for the prediction research of earthquakes and volcanoes.
文摘The article describes a project proposed to determine the epicenter of a future short-focus earthquake tens of hours before and to reduce the magnitude of an impending catastrophic earthquake. It focuses on developing a physical model to determine the conditions necessary for the start of an earthquake, for a method based on the registration of flows of mercury vapor in the gas rising from the Earth. This model gives an explanation of why an earthquake precursor appears so early (such a long period of time can range from a few to hundreds of hours). Normally, the characteristic times of an earthquake precursor for seismic methods are tens of seconds. The project is based on the physical and mathematical models of an earthquake. The derived formula for the time of the precursor of a future earthquake allows us to explain and to describe the time increase for the precursor, depending on the magnitude of the earthquake. The method of reducing the magnitude of an impending catastrophic earthquake is based on the proposed physical model of the onset of an earthquake and is implemented by the action of a vibration source in the region of the detected earthquake epicenter. The proposed system should save citizens, lives from future short-focus earthquakes.
基金support from the China Social Sciences Research Foundation Project Technology Transfer in International Climate Change Negotiations and Cooperation and China's Options (12BGL080)China Ministry of Education Social Sciences and Humanities Foundation Project Sectoral Approach in International Climate Change Negotiations and China's Choices (10YJCGJW012)
文摘The unresolved issue in the negotiation on the new climate regime is whether the multilateral consensus at Paris will be around international cooperation to deal with the causes, the need for a global transformation to a low carbon economy and society, or focus on emissions reduction, which are the symptoms of the problem.
基金support by National Key Research and Development Program of China(NO.2017YFA0604701)。
文摘The Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)of the United Nations 2030 Agenda are a key focus for implementing the Sustainable Development(SD)concept.But generally speaking,SD goals and targets are continuously evolving,country specific,complex to implement,and are often given relatively short time horizons,such as the 15-year horizon for the SDGs.Many SD issues need a much longer time horizon as the policy interventions to deal with these issues can take decades before their effects become apparent,which is especially true for China.The T21 China 2050 is developed to study the long-term SD challenges and opportunities of the country.In its business-as-usual simulation to 2050,T21 China 2050 reveals some of the sustainability challenges facing China,including 1)aging population and labor force decline,2)huge food imports,3)land degradation and loss of arable land,4)water shortages,5)huge fossil fuel imports,and 6)carbon dioxide emissions.These SD issues are a subset of the SDGs specifically relevant to China over a time horizon well beyond 2030.The model is then used to test possible policy interventions in these six areas under two separate scenarios:Balanced and Narrowly Focused.The major results from these two scenarios are compared with those of the business-as-usual scenario.The simulations show that by adopting certain policy measures,China’s path towards SD can be further improved.It also shows that a variety of policy measures can be selected and tested with the T21 China 2050 model for exploring the future SD prospects of the country.Specific policies recommended include:extension of retirement age,adjustment of the current family planning policy,protection of agriculture land,promotion of agricultural R&D to raise yield,improvement of public transportation to slow private vehicle ownership,increased investment in renewable energy,and water conservation.
