The global scientific community is deeply concerned about the deterioration of water quality resulting from the release of industrial effluents.This issue is of utmost importance as it serves to safeguard the environm...The global scientific community is deeply concerned about the deterioration of water quality resulting from the release of industrial effluents.This issue is of utmost importance as it serves to safeguard the environment and combat water pollution.The objective of this work is to elaborate a biomaterial of vegetable origin,based on the twigs of Aleppo pine,and to use it as an abundant and less expensive material for the treatment of wastewater.For this reason,the twigs were treated physically to get the powder called biomaterial FPA(Aleppo pine fiber),which was characterized by physicochemical,and spectroscopic analyses namely scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The crystallinity index of FPA was evaluated by the peak height method.The findings indicate that the FPA powder has an acidic nature,exhibiting a porous structure that promotes the adsorption and binding of molecules.Additionally,it has a zero charge point of 5.8 and a specific surface area of 384 m2.g−1.It is primarily composed of hydroxyl,carboxyl,and amine functional groups,along with mineral compounds and organic compounds,including cellulose and other mineral elements such as Ca,Mg,Fe,Na,P,Al,K,Ni,and Mo.Combining these characteristics,FPA biomaterial has considerable potential for use as an effective adsorbent biomaterial for various wastewater pollutants.Its abundance and relatively low cost make it an attractive solution to the growing challenges of water pollution worldwide.展开更多
In light of the growing urgency to address environmental degradation and improve carbon sequestration strategies,this study rigorously investigates the potential of Cistus ladaniferus as a viable feedstock for biochar...In light of the growing urgency to address environmental degradation and improve carbon sequestration strategies,this study rigorously investigates the potential of Cistus ladaniferus as a viable feedstock for biochar and activated carbon production.The influence of pyrolysis temperature,heating rate and particle size on biochar yield was systematically examined.The results demonstrate that increasing pyrolysis temperature and heating rate significantly reduces biochar yield,while particle size plays a crucial role in thermal degradation and biochar retention.To evaluate the structural and chemical properties of the materials,various characterization techniques were employed,including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis(EDXA).FTIR identified key functional groups,while SEM and EDXA provided valuable insights into the morphology and elemental composition of the materials.Activated carbons exhibited enhanced porosity and carbon content compared to their biochar counterparts,achieving specific surface areas of up to 1210 m^(2) g^(-1) for acidactivated shells(AC-Sha).The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)method confirmed the mesoporous characteristics of these materials,with AC-Sa displaying a surface area of 678.74 m^(2) g^(-1) and an average pore size of 2.73 nm.Elemental analysis revealed that activated carbons possessed a higher carbon content(96.40 wt.%for AC-Sha)and lower oxygen content(2.37 wt.%),highlighting their suitability for applications in adsorption and catalysis.These findings underscore the significant impact of activation processes on the stability and adsorption capabilities of Cistus-derived biochars and activated carbons,paving the way for future research and practical applications in pollution control,carbon sequestration,and bioenergy.展开更多
The use of constructed wetlands(CWs)is one of the best options to treat wastewater.In CWs,microorganisms play a major role in the degradation of organic pollutants but the concentration of nutrients,surfactant,and aer...The use of constructed wetlands(CWs)is one of the best options to treat wastewater.In CWs,microorganisms play a major role in the degradation of organic pollutants but the concentration of nutrients,surfactant,and aeration(NSA)in oil-contaminated water is one of the factors that affect the persistence and metabolic functioning of hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms.In the present investigation,the influence of the addition of NSA on the persistence of the augmented bacteria,copy of(alkane hydroxylase gene)alkB gene,and its expression level in the water,soil,and plants of CWs were evaluated.The CWs mesocosms were developed by the vegetation of Typha latifolia and Cyperus laevigatus and inoculated with the bacterial consortium(Pseudomonas putida TYRI39,Acinetobacter junii TYRH47,Acinetobacter sp.CYRH17,Pseudomonas sp.CYSI27,and Pseudomonas sp.TYRH42).The mesocosms were provided with nutrients(20 mg l−1 N,2.6 mg l−1 P,and 16.4 mg l−1 K)in liquid form,surfactant Tween-20(0.2%,v/v)in liquid form,and aeration(≥7.0±1 mg l−1 DO)using aeration pump.The addition of NSA in CWs enhanced the persistence and metabolic functioning of the inoculated bacteria in the water,rhizospheric soil,and plants.The maximum hydrocarbon removal(97%)was observed in the water treated by CWs having C.laevigatus,bacteria,and NSA,and it is correlated with the copy numbers of alkB and its expression level.The application of NSA in CWs not only improved bacterial persistence and catabolic gene expression but also increased plant development and hydrocarbon removal.展开更多
The present study deals with the kinetics of improved poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)(PHB)production by an L-cysteine HCl-depressed mutant of Bacillus licheniformis.Production of biodegradable polymers is to eliminate use of ...The present study deals with the kinetics of improved poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)(PHB)production by an L-cysteine HCl-depressed mutant of Bacillus licheniformis.Production of biodegradable polymers is to eliminate use of materials derived from petrochemicals and also because of their environmental impact.For the current study,mutant strain(NA-21)&wild-type(IIB-isl19)were used for PHB production.Submerged culture with two-stage fermentation technique was used for PHB production.Results indicated that PHB production was improved with 300 mM of-HNO2.The superior mutant strain(NA-21)resulted in 2-fold more PHB as compared to the wild-type(IIB-isl9).It was selected,and resistance against L-cysteine HCl was developed.At 4 ppm concentration of L-cysteine HCl,PHB production by mutant strain(NA-cys4)was higher than its wild counterpart by 5.7-fold.Kinetic study of parameters including specific growth rate(μh−1),growth(Yx/s,Ys/x),product yield coefficients(Yp/s,Yp/x),volumetric rate constants(Qp,Qs,Qx)and specific rate constants(qp,qs,qx),were also accomplished.Moreover,Yp/x,Qp and qp=μ×Yp/x were found to be very significant as 1.254±0.06(g/g biomass),0.134±0.01(g/l/h)and 0.168±0.01(g/g/h),respectively.The effect of fatty acids on PHB production highlighted the improvement in PHB production by 1.94-fold.The highest PHB production during the study was 16.35±3.12 g/l which highlighted its significance(p≤0.05)and impact on the overall process.The variation in PBH yield between wild-type and mutant B.licheniformis is possibly because of induced DNA interstrand thus making unstable thymidine-thymidine dymers.From the results,it was concluded that improved PHB production on industrial scale is fairly possible and it holds the potential to contribute significantly to plastic circularity in the future.展开更多
Currently,several studies have demonstrated the benefits of medicinal plants in managing type 2 diabetes.In this work,we evaluated the beneficial effects of the polyphenolic extract(PESB)from Salvia blancoana subsp.me...Currently,several studies have demonstrated the benefits of medicinal plants in managing type 2 diabetes.In this work,we evaluated the beneficial effects of the polyphenolic extract(PESB)from Salvia blancoana subsp.mesatlan-tica in the management of hypercaloric-feeding and small-dose alloxan-brought type 2 diabetes in rats.We analyzed the chemical constituents of the extract,including flavones and flavonols content,to understand its biological action.The antioxidant activities were evaluated by total antioxidant action,scavenging effect of the free radical DPPH,and reducing power.The obtained results showed that the value of TFC was estimated at 31.90±0.34 mgEQ/g in the PESB extract.The total antioxidant capacity was estimated at 593.51±4.09 mg(EAA)/g,the value of DPPH IC50 was 7.3±0.00μg/mL,and the value of EC50 of reducing power was estimated at 6.43±0.01μg/mL.In total,14 phenolic compounds were identified and the naringin was the most dominant(63.19%)while the vanillin was the less recorded(0.10%).Serum glucose decreased significantly(p<0.05)in rats given PESB(100 mg/kg)after four weeks.Glibenclamide(GLB)and PESB reduced HbA1c and increased plasma insulin in diabetic rats,restoring HOMA-βand HOMA-IR levels to near-normal.Additionally,diabetic rats treated with GLB or PESB showed statistically equivalent results to those of non-diabetic rats regarding hepatic enzymes,renal and lipid markers,as well as cardiovascular indices.The weight loss was significantly lower in diabetic rats receiving a dose of PESB(100 mg/kg),and GLB compared to corresponding untreated diabetic rats(p<0.01).PESB and GLB showed a prominent protective function in the pancreas,liver,and kidney tissues.This investigation demonstrates the capacity of extracts from leaves of S.blancoana subsp.mesatlantica to manage diabetes mellitus due to their richness in a wide range of bioactive compounds.Therefore,more investigations are required to estimate the safety of the plant use.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the chemical composition of the essential oil isolated from Elaeoselinum asclepium(L.) Bertol.(E. asclepium), and test the efficiency of the essential oil as an antimicrobial and antioxidant age...Objective: To evaluate the chemical composition of the essential oil isolated from Elaeoselinum asclepium(L.) Bertol.(E. asclepium), and test the efficiency of the essential oil as an antimicrobial and antioxidant agent.Methods: Essential oil was obtained from the aerial parts of E. asclepium by hydro distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. We study for the first time the chemical composition of the essential oil of E. asclepium, followed by the in vitro antimicrobial activities, which were evaluated by agar diffusion method against six Gram-positive bacteria, five Gram-negative bacteria, and two fungi. In addition, The antioxidant activities were also investigated using assays of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and ferricreducing capacity.Results: The analyzed essential oil of the aerial parts of E. asclepium was rich in apinene(43.9%), other compounds detected in appreciable amounts were sabinene(27.9%) and b-pinene(16.0%). The essential oil yields 1.2%, the IC50 values of essential oil in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay in the reducing power assay were 48.26 mg/m L and at 1 mg/m L, respectively. The absorbance value of essential oil at 700 nm was0.956. The antimicrobial effect was higher on Candida albicans ATCC 1024 strain with the inhibition zone 14.5 mm than bacteria and molds.Conclusions: The essential oil of E. asclepium has antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. These species may be used as an important source of natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the effect of yam flour substitution (Dioscorea alata L.) and moringa powder in wheat bread on glycemic response. Glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) of pieces of bread were dete...This study aimed to investigate the effect of yam flour substitution (Dioscorea alata L.) and moringa powder in wheat bread on glycemic response. Glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) of pieces of bread were determined. A mixture plan design was used to determine the optimal formulation of bread made of yam flour, wheat flour and moringa powder. The mixture of 79.4% soft wheat flour, 20% yam flour and 0.6% moringa leaves powder has a good potential in bread preparation and was used in this study. 100% wheat bread was used as control. Postprandial blood glucose response (glycemic response) was evaluated with the glucose used as a reference food. Blood glucose responses were measured at different intervals for 2 hours. The results indicated that composite bread had low GI and GL values than wheat bread. Values are GI = 80 and GL = 61.2 for wheat bread and GI = 37.78 and GL = 29.65 for the composite bread. This study demonstrated that the inclusion of yam flour of moringa leaves powder in bread production might not pose a threat to blood glucose response compared to wheat bread. These pieces of bread could be included easily in diabetics’ and non-diabetics diet.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the essential oil composition and the antibacterial activity of an Algerian endemic plant, Launaea lanifera Pau(L. lanifera), grown in arid steppe regions.Methods: L. lanifera essential oil was ...Objective: To evaluate the essential oil composition and the antibacterial activity of an Algerian endemic plant, Launaea lanifera Pau(L. lanifera), grown in arid steppe regions.Methods: L. lanifera essential oil was isolated from aerial parts by steam distillation and its chemical composition was evaluated by gas chromatographyflame ionization detector and gas chromatography with electron impact mass spectrometry. Furthermore, its in vitro antibacterial activity against four bacterial strains was tested following the agar disk diffusion method.Results: This species had a very low essential oil yield(0.005%). Twenty-four(92.6%)individual components were identified. The main constituents were hexahydrofarnesyl acetone(31.6%),(E)-b-ionone(8.5%),(E)-b-damascenone(7.0%), 2-methyltetradecane(3.8%), n-heptadecane(3.8%), limonene(2.8%) and b-caryophyllene(2.8%). No noteworthy antimicrobial activity was observed on the tested bacteria, neither Gram negative nor Gram positive.Conclusions: This is the first report on the volatile constituents and antibacterial activity of L. lanifera. The studied essential oil does not possess significant activity against the tested microorganisms.展开更多
Soil salinity, which affects more than 6% of the earth’s land surface and more than 20% of its irrigated areas, is a major threat to agriculture. Diazotrophic bacteria are among the functional groups of soil microbio...Soil salinity, which affects more than 6% of the earth’s land surface and more than 20% of its irrigated areas, is a major threat to agriculture. Diazotrophic bacteria are among the functional groups of soil microbiota that are threatened by this abiotic stress, as their activity is mostly inhibited by salt stress. Seventy bacterial strains with distinct characteristics were isolated from soils by using N-free Jensen’s selective medium. Based on their ability to produce metabolites of agricultural interest, four strains were selected and identified as Flavobacterium johnsoniae, Pseudomonas putida, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, and Azotobacter chroococcum. The selected strains were grown at different NaCl concentrations (0–600 mmol L^(-1) in N-free broth and 0–2 000 mmol L^(-1) in Luria-Bertani medium) in the presence and absence of glycine betaine (GB), aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts from marine macroalgae, Ulva lactuca and Enteromorpha intestinalis, and Opuntia ficus-indica cladodes. The selected bacterial strains, GB, and the aforementioned extracts were tested for their ability to promote the germination of wheat (Triticum durum) seeds at 0–300 mmol L^(-1) NaCl. Compared with the results obtained with the synthetic osmoprotectant GB, the extracts from O. ficus-indica, U. lactuca, and E. intestinalis significantly promoted bacterial growth and seed germination under salt stress.展开更多
This study aimed at exploring for new natural peptides with strong inhibitory capabilities on α-amylase, the main metabolic enzyme that regulates mellitus diabetes, in order to contribute in controlling this global p...This study aimed at exploring for new natural peptides with strong inhibitory capabilities on α-amylase, the main metabolic enzyme that regulates mellitus diabetes, in order to contribute in controlling this global pandemic. It has consisted in heat shock (to 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, 90°C and 100°C for 10, 20 and 30 minutes) of crude proteins extracted from biomass and extracellular parts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under cultivation, and from the digestive fluid of the giant snail Achatina achatina, and in-vitro assays of the resulting solutions, as effectors, in human α-amylase catalyzing reactions. The results showed that whatever the temperature and time of treatment, an increase (from 2.65 to 3.98-fold) in proteins concentration was noticed. When blended up to 75 microliters in reaction mixtures, the three peptide extracts showed beyond 11% of inhibition of initial α-amylase activity. By reducing samples volume, only 5 microliters of the studied peptide extracts representing 4.70 μg of S. cerevisiae biomass peptides, 0.55 μg of S. cerevisiae extracellular peptides or 1.05 μg of peptides from the digestive fluid A. achatina were quite sufficient to induce complete (100%) inhibition of the human α-amylase activity. Compared to the inhibitory effect obtained from 2.50 μg of acarbose, a renowned antidiabetic, the studied peptide effectors showed more pronounced inhibitory activities. So, we can positively state that S. cerevisiae as well as A. achatina are both capable of synthesizing proteins made up of small inhibitory peptides which deserve purification and structural analysis for potential exploitation as healthy antidiabetic drugs.展开更多
In this work we used a new organic biodegradable flocculants which is the cactus cladodes juice in order to recycle water from phosphate schlamms. This flocculants has enabled us to increase the settling velocity of t...In this work we used a new organic biodegradable flocculants which is the cactus cladodes juice in order to recycle water from phosphate schlamms. This flocculants has enabled us to increase the settling velocity of the schlamms so consequently the water recycled degree. The study was conducted on an industrial sample of phosphates schlamms from Khouribga phosphates washing plant. The study was about the influence of concentration, pH, and velocity gradient with cactus extract leads to satisfactory results in term of settling decantation, and in water recycling degree which is 93%.展开更多
In Morocco, the phosphate industry generates by washing during the ore beneficiation in humid way, big quantities of sludge loaded in fine mineral particles （or slimes） with contents of water in the order of 90-95%....In Morocco, the phosphate industry generates by washing during the ore beneficiation in humid way, big quantities of sludge loaded in fine mineral particles （or slimes） with contents of water in the order of 90-95%. The specific consumption in water for the beneficiation of one tone of dry ore is approximately 0.6 m3. The management of this sludge and the recycling of process water are played to a schema of solid-liquid separation by flocculation, settling then stocking in basins of several dozens hectares. Recovered clear waters are recycled into the circuit of washing. The principal motivation of this work which is a part of EL MAA project is dedicated to the study of the impact of the speed of agitation on the flocculation behavior in terms of dewatering of the phosphate slimes and recycling of the process water. Study was driven on sample of slimes taken in entrance of the thickeners of a Moroccan washing plants, before flocculation. The raw slimes have a concentration in solid of 75.5 g·L^-1, a P205 grade of 17.3% and a free settling velocity 9 cm·h^-1. Fine fraction -2 μm, responsible for the poor settling of slimes is composed in practice of nearly 96% of smectite. It represents 9% of the dry solid content in the slimes. Measurements reveal important variations of the granulometric and textural properties of large floes in response to flocculation, opening ways of optimization for the velocity gradient.展开更多
The cochineal, Dactylopius opuntiae, has recently become the main pest that damages the prickly cactus, Opuntia ficus-indica, plants in Morocco. The control methods in which pesticides are used and applied weekly, hav...The cochineal, Dactylopius opuntiae, has recently become the main pest that damages the prickly cactus, Opuntia ficus-indica, plants in Morocco. The control methods in which pesticides are used and applied weekly, have generated phytotoxicity, poisoning and high residuality in fresh nopal, which also prevents its commercialization in international markets and the constant risk to human and animal health. Therefore, the use of less aggressive products with a low impact on the environment and is sustainable for the crop, has been introduced without an obvious strategy for gradual control of the insect. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Beta vulgaris subsp., Eucalyptus torquata and Cedrus atlantica plant extracts (Eucalyptus leaves, small pieces of beet and Cedrus leaves powdered and macerated in 100 ml of distilled water for 72 h) for controlling of D. opuntiae under laboratory and field conditions. The results show that these extracts constitute a viable alternative for the control of wild cochineal in the nopal. A gradual reduction of cochineal populations was obtained, until after the third application with these extracts, with biological effectiveness of up to 90%. The findings of our study indicate that Beta vulgaris subsp., plant extracts could be used in the development and implementation of a biological control program against D. opuntiae under field conditions.展开更多
This paper aims to assess soil fertility and risk contamination parameters in response to increased amendment rates of sewage sludge application,under semi-arid climatic conditions of Morocco,using two soil textures:s...This paper aims to assess soil fertility and risk contamination parameters in response to increased amendment rates of sewage sludge application,under semi-arid climatic conditions of Morocco,using two soil textures:soil A(clay-silty)and soil B(sandy-clay)over two years.To this end,sewage sludge and soils treatments physicochemical parameters,heavy metals content,degree of pollution and associated risks were evaluated and compared to controlled soils.The results showed that all studied parameters changed significantly(p<0.05)in a dose-dependent manner for both soils compared to the untreated control soils.Indeed,there were significant increase in organic matter(OM),total organic carbon(TOC)and nutrients content(N,P and K)of both sols as a response to increased sewage sludge amendment rates.Overall,sewage sludge application showed a positive agronomic potential for both soil and plant.However,there were concern about some heavy metals contamination risks,the results showed a gradual increase of heavy metals concentration in this order:Cu>Pb>Zn>Ni>Cd>Cr.Nevertheless,their concentrations were below the critical values established by the European Union for the agronomic use of soil.The obtained results of assessed parameters indicating SS degree of pollution and associated risks showed a low to a moderate contamination risks of heavy metals.Accordingly,environmental risks of sewage sludge application will be related to increase of heavy metals mainly in a long-term agricultural reuse.Thus,optimal management of sewage sludge application is recommended to ensure sustainability and benefits at the same time to master the contamination risks.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Researchers Supporting Project number(RSP-2024R437),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The global scientific community is deeply concerned about the deterioration of water quality resulting from the release of industrial effluents.This issue is of utmost importance as it serves to safeguard the environment and combat water pollution.The objective of this work is to elaborate a biomaterial of vegetable origin,based on the twigs of Aleppo pine,and to use it as an abundant and less expensive material for the treatment of wastewater.For this reason,the twigs were treated physically to get the powder called biomaterial FPA(Aleppo pine fiber),which was characterized by physicochemical,and spectroscopic analyses namely scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The crystallinity index of FPA was evaluated by the peak height method.The findings indicate that the FPA powder has an acidic nature,exhibiting a porous structure that promotes the adsorption and binding of molecules.Additionally,it has a zero charge point of 5.8 and a specific surface area of 384 m2.g−1.It is primarily composed of hydroxyl,carboxyl,and amine functional groups,along with mineral compounds and organic compounds,including cellulose and other mineral elements such as Ca,Mg,Fe,Na,P,Al,K,Ni,and Mo.Combining these characteristics,FPA biomaterial has considerable potential for use as an effective adsorbent biomaterial for various wastewater pollutants.Its abundance and relatively low cost make it an attractive solution to the growing challenges of water pollution worldwide.
文摘In light of the growing urgency to address environmental degradation and improve carbon sequestration strategies,this study rigorously investigates the potential of Cistus ladaniferus as a viable feedstock for biochar and activated carbon production.The influence of pyrolysis temperature,heating rate and particle size on biochar yield was systematically examined.The results demonstrate that increasing pyrolysis temperature and heating rate significantly reduces biochar yield,while particle size plays a crucial role in thermal degradation and biochar retention.To evaluate the structural and chemical properties of the materials,various characterization techniques were employed,including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis(EDXA).FTIR identified key functional groups,while SEM and EDXA provided valuable insights into the morphology and elemental composition of the materials.Activated carbons exhibited enhanced porosity and carbon content compared to their biochar counterparts,achieving specific surface areas of up to 1210 m^(2) g^(-1) for acidactivated shells(AC-Sha).The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)method confirmed the mesoporous characteristics of these materials,with AC-Sa displaying a surface area of 678.74 m^(2) g^(-1) and an average pore size of 2.73 nm.Elemental analysis revealed that activated carbons possessed a higher carbon content(96.40 wt.%for AC-Sha)and lower oxygen content(2.37 wt.%),highlighting their suitability for applications in adsorption and catalysis.These findings underscore the significant impact of activation processes on the stability and adsorption capabilities of Cistus-derived biochars and activated carbons,paving the way for future research and practical applications in pollution control,carbon sequestration,and bioenergy.
基金the Researchers Supporting Project number(RSP2024R437)King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi ArabiaThe authors are thankful to the Higher Education Commission(HEC)for the grant of IRSIP Fellowship to the lead author for research at Aarhus University Denmark and ALP Pakistan Agriculture Research Council(PARC)grant No.NR-086.
文摘The use of constructed wetlands(CWs)is one of the best options to treat wastewater.In CWs,microorganisms play a major role in the degradation of organic pollutants but the concentration of nutrients,surfactant,and aeration(NSA)in oil-contaminated water is one of the factors that affect the persistence and metabolic functioning of hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms.In the present investigation,the influence of the addition of NSA on the persistence of the augmented bacteria,copy of(alkane hydroxylase gene)alkB gene,and its expression level in the water,soil,and plants of CWs were evaluated.The CWs mesocosms were developed by the vegetation of Typha latifolia and Cyperus laevigatus and inoculated with the bacterial consortium(Pseudomonas putida TYRI39,Acinetobacter junii TYRH47,Acinetobacter sp.CYRH17,Pseudomonas sp.CYSI27,and Pseudomonas sp.TYRH42).The mesocosms were provided with nutrients(20 mg l−1 N,2.6 mg l−1 P,and 16.4 mg l−1 K)in liquid form,surfactant Tween-20(0.2%,v/v)in liquid form,and aeration(≥7.0±1 mg l−1 DO)using aeration pump.The addition of NSA in CWs enhanced the persistence and metabolic functioning of the inoculated bacteria in the water,rhizospheric soil,and plants.The maximum hydrocarbon removal(97%)was observed in the water treated by CWs having C.laevigatus,bacteria,and NSA,and it is correlated with the copy numbers of alkB and its expression level.The application of NSA in CWs not only improved bacterial persistence and catabolic gene expression but also increased plant development and hydrocarbon removal.
基金the Researchers Supporting Project,King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia for funding this work through the project number(RSP-2024R437).
文摘The present study deals with the kinetics of improved poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)(PHB)production by an L-cysteine HCl-depressed mutant of Bacillus licheniformis.Production of biodegradable polymers is to eliminate use of materials derived from petrochemicals and also because of their environmental impact.For the current study,mutant strain(NA-21)&wild-type(IIB-isl19)were used for PHB production.Submerged culture with two-stage fermentation technique was used for PHB production.Results indicated that PHB production was improved with 300 mM of-HNO2.The superior mutant strain(NA-21)resulted in 2-fold more PHB as compared to the wild-type(IIB-isl9).It was selected,and resistance against L-cysteine HCl was developed.At 4 ppm concentration of L-cysteine HCl,PHB production by mutant strain(NA-cys4)was higher than its wild counterpart by 5.7-fold.Kinetic study of parameters including specific growth rate(μh−1),growth(Yx/s,Ys/x),product yield coefficients(Yp/s,Yp/x),volumetric rate constants(Qp,Qs,Qx)and specific rate constants(qp,qs,qx),were also accomplished.Moreover,Yp/x,Qp and qp=μ×Yp/x were found to be very significant as 1.254±0.06(g/g biomass),0.134±0.01(g/l/h)and 0.168±0.01(g/g/h),respectively.The effect of fatty acids on PHB production highlighted the improvement in PHB production by 1.94-fold.The highest PHB production during the study was 16.35±3.12 g/l which highlighted its significance(p≤0.05)and impact on the overall process.The variation in PBH yield between wild-type and mutant B.licheniformis is possibly because of induced DNA interstrand thus making unstable thymidine-thymidine dymers.From the results,it was concluded that improved PHB production on industrial scale is fairly possible and it holds the potential to contribute significantly to plastic circularity in the future.
基金financially supported by the Researchers Supporting Project(RSP2024R457).King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Currently,several studies have demonstrated the benefits of medicinal plants in managing type 2 diabetes.In this work,we evaluated the beneficial effects of the polyphenolic extract(PESB)from Salvia blancoana subsp.mesatlan-tica in the management of hypercaloric-feeding and small-dose alloxan-brought type 2 diabetes in rats.We analyzed the chemical constituents of the extract,including flavones and flavonols content,to understand its biological action.The antioxidant activities were evaluated by total antioxidant action,scavenging effect of the free radical DPPH,and reducing power.The obtained results showed that the value of TFC was estimated at 31.90±0.34 mgEQ/g in the PESB extract.The total antioxidant capacity was estimated at 593.51±4.09 mg(EAA)/g,the value of DPPH IC50 was 7.3±0.00μg/mL,and the value of EC50 of reducing power was estimated at 6.43±0.01μg/mL.In total,14 phenolic compounds were identified and the naringin was the most dominant(63.19%)while the vanillin was the less recorded(0.10%).Serum glucose decreased significantly(p<0.05)in rats given PESB(100 mg/kg)after four weeks.Glibenclamide(GLB)and PESB reduced HbA1c and increased plasma insulin in diabetic rats,restoring HOMA-βand HOMA-IR levels to near-normal.Additionally,diabetic rats treated with GLB or PESB showed statistically equivalent results to those of non-diabetic rats regarding hepatic enzymes,renal and lipid markers,as well as cardiovascular indices.The weight loss was significantly lower in diabetic rats receiving a dose of PESB(100 mg/kg),and GLB compared to corresponding untreated diabetic rats(p<0.01).PESB and GLB showed a prominent protective function in the pancreas,liver,and kidney tissues.This investigation demonstrates the capacity of extracts from leaves of S.blancoana subsp.mesatlantica to manage diabetes mellitus due to their richness in a wide range of bioactive compounds.Therefore,more investigations are required to estimate the safety of the plant use.
基金Supported by Project Algero-Tunisienne with grant No.280/11/07/2012
文摘Objective: To evaluate the chemical composition of the essential oil isolated from Elaeoselinum asclepium(L.) Bertol.(E. asclepium), and test the efficiency of the essential oil as an antimicrobial and antioxidant agent.Methods: Essential oil was obtained from the aerial parts of E. asclepium by hydro distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. We study for the first time the chemical composition of the essential oil of E. asclepium, followed by the in vitro antimicrobial activities, which were evaluated by agar diffusion method against six Gram-positive bacteria, five Gram-negative bacteria, and two fungi. In addition, The antioxidant activities were also investigated using assays of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and ferricreducing capacity.Results: The analyzed essential oil of the aerial parts of E. asclepium was rich in apinene(43.9%), other compounds detected in appreciable amounts were sabinene(27.9%) and b-pinene(16.0%). The essential oil yields 1.2%, the IC50 values of essential oil in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay in the reducing power assay were 48.26 mg/m L and at 1 mg/m L, respectively. The absorbance value of essential oil at 700 nm was0.956. The antimicrobial effect was higher on Candida albicans ATCC 1024 strain with the inhibition zone 14.5 mm than bacteria and molds.Conclusions: The essential oil of E. asclepium has antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. These species may be used as an important source of natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.
文摘This study aimed to investigate the effect of yam flour substitution (Dioscorea alata L.) and moringa powder in wheat bread on glycemic response. Glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) of pieces of bread were determined. A mixture plan design was used to determine the optimal formulation of bread made of yam flour, wheat flour and moringa powder. The mixture of 79.4% soft wheat flour, 20% yam flour and 0.6% moringa leaves powder has a good potential in bread preparation and was used in this study. 100% wheat bread was used as control. Postprandial blood glucose response (glycemic response) was evaluated with the glucose used as a reference food. Blood glucose responses were measured at different intervals for 2 hours. The results indicated that composite bread had low GI and GL values than wheat bread. Values are GI = 80 and GL = 61.2 for wheat bread and GI = 37.78 and GL = 29.65 for the composite bread. This study demonstrated that the inclusion of yam flour of moringa leaves powder in bread production might not pose a threat to blood glucose response compared to wheat bread. These pieces of bread could be included easily in diabetics’ and non-diabetics diet.
基金Supported by the National Fund for Scientific Research,CNEPRU projects,Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research,Algeria
文摘Objective: To evaluate the essential oil composition and the antibacterial activity of an Algerian endemic plant, Launaea lanifera Pau(L. lanifera), grown in arid steppe regions.Methods: L. lanifera essential oil was isolated from aerial parts by steam distillation and its chemical composition was evaluated by gas chromatographyflame ionization detector and gas chromatography with electron impact mass spectrometry. Furthermore, its in vitro antibacterial activity against four bacterial strains was tested following the agar disk diffusion method.Results: This species had a very low essential oil yield(0.005%). Twenty-four(92.6%)individual components were identified. The main constituents were hexahydrofarnesyl acetone(31.6%),(E)-b-ionone(8.5%),(E)-b-damascenone(7.0%), 2-methyltetradecane(3.8%), n-heptadecane(3.8%), limonene(2.8%) and b-caryophyllene(2.8%). No noteworthy antimicrobial activity was observed on the tested bacteria, neither Gram negative nor Gram positive.Conclusions: This is the first report on the volatile constituents and antibacterial activity of L. lanifera. The studied essential oil does not possess significant activity against the tested microorganisms.
文摘Soil salinity, which affects more than 6% of the earth’s land surface and more than 20% of its irrigated areas, is a major threat to agriculture. Diazotrophic bacteria are among the functional groups of soil microbiota that are threatened by this abiotic stress, as their activity is mostly inhibited by salt stress. Seventy bacterial strains with distinct characteristics were isolated from soils by using N-free Jensen’s selective medium. Based on their ability to produce metabolites of agricultural interest, four strains were selected and identified as Flavobacterium johnsoniae, Pseudomonas putida, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, and Azotobacter chroococcum. The selected strains were grown at different NaCl concentrations (0–600 mmol L^(-1) in N-free broth and 0–2 000 mmol L^(-1) in Luria-Bertani medium) in the presence and absence of glycine betaine (GB), aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts from marine macroalgae, Ulva lactuca and Enteromorpha intestinalis, and Opuntia ficus-indica cladodes. The selected bacterial strains, GB, and the aforementioned extracts were tested for their ability to promote the germination of wheat (Triticum durum) seeds at 0–300 mmol L^(-1) NaCl. Compared with the results obtained with the synthetic osmoprotectant GB, the extracts from O. ficus-indica, U. lactuca, and E. intestinalis significantly promoted bacterial growth and seed germination under salt stress.
文摘This study aimed at exploring for new natural peptides with strong inhibitory capabilities on α-amylase, the main metabolic enzyme that regulates mellitus diabetes, in order to contribute in controlling this global pandemic. It has consisted in heat shock (to 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, 90°C and 100°C for 10, 20 and 30 minutes) of crude proteins extracted from biomass and extracellular parts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under cultivation, and from the digestive fluid of the giant snail Achatina achatina, and in-vitro assays of the resulting solutions, as effectors, in human α-amylase catalyzing reactions. The results showed that whatever the temperature and time of treatment, an increase (from 2.65 to 3.98-fold) in proteins concentration was noticed. When blended up to 75 microliters in reaction mixtures, the three peptide extracts showed beyond 11% of inhibition of initial α-amylase activity. By reducing samples volume, only 5 microliters of the studied peptide extracts representing 4.70 μg of S. cerevisiae biomass peptides, 0.55 μg of S. cerevisiae extracellular peptides or 1.05 μg of peptides from the digestive fluid A. achatina were quite sufficient to induce complete (100%) inhibition of the human α-amylase activity. Compared to the inhibitory effect obtained from 2.50 μg of acarbose, a renowned antidiabetic, the studied peptide effectors showed more pronounced inhibitory activities. So, we can positively state that S. cerevisiae as well as A. achatina are both capable of synthesizing proteins made up of small inhibitory peptides which deserve purification and structural analysis for potential exploitation as healthy antidiabetic drugs.
文摘In this work we used a new organic biodegradable flocculants which is the cactus cladodes juice in order to recycle water from phosphate schlamms. This flocculants has enabled us to increase the settling velocity of the schlamms so consequently the water recycled degree. The study was conducted on an industrial sample of phosphates schlamms from Khouribga phosphates washing plant. The study was about the influence of concentration, pH, and velocity gradient with cactus extract leads to satisfactory results in term of settling decantation, and in water recycling degree which is 93%.
文摘In Morocco, the phosphate industry generates by washing during the ore beneficiation in humid way, big quantities of sludge loaded in fine mineral particles （or slimes） with contents of water in the order of 90-95%. The specific consumption in water for the beneficiation of one tone of dry ore is approximately 0.6 m3. The management of this sludge and the recycling of process water are played to a schema of solid-liquid separation by flocculation, settling then stocking in basins of several dozens hectares. Recovered clear waters are recycled into the circuit of washing. The principal motivation of this work which is a part of EL MAA project is dedicated to the study of the impact of the speed of agitation on the flocculation behavior in terms of dewatering of the phosphate slimes and recycling of the process water. Study was driven on sample of slimes taken in entrance of the thickeners of a Moroccan washing plants, before flocculation. The raw slimes have a concentration in solid of 75.5 g·L^-1, a P205 grade of 17.3% and a free settling velocity 9 cm·h^-1. Fine fraction -2 μm, responsible for the poor settling of slimes is composed in practice of nearly 96% of smectite. It represents 9% of the dry solid content in the slimes. Measurements reveal important variations of the granulometric and textural properties of large floes in response to flocculation, opening ways of optimization for the velocity gradient.
文摘The cochineal, Dactylopius opuntiae, has recently become the main pest that damages the prickly cactus, Opuntia ficus-indica, plants in Morocco. The control methods in which pesticides are used and applied weekly, have generated phytotoxicity, poisoning and high residuality in fresh nopal, which also prevents its commercialization in international markets and the constant risk to human and animal health. Therefore, the use of less aggressive products with a low impact on the environment and is sustainable for the crop, has been introduced without an obvious strategy for gradual control of the insect. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Beta vulgaris subsp., Eucalyptus torquata and Cedrus atlantica plant extracts (Eucalyptus leaves, small pieces of beet and Cedrus leaves powdered and macerated in 100 ml of distilled water for 72 h) for controlling of D. opuntiae under laboratory and field conditions. The results show that these extracts constitute a viable alternative for the control of wild cochineal in the nopal. A gradual reduction of cochineal populations was obtained, until after the third application with these extracts, with biological effectiveness of up to 90%. The findings of our study indicate that Beta vulgaris subsp., plant extracts could be used in the development and implementation of a biological control program against D. opuntiae under field conditions.
文摘This paper aims to assess soil fertility and risk contamination parameters in response to increased amendment rates of sewage sludge application,under semi-arid climatic conditions of Morocco,using two soil textures:soil A(clay-silty)and soil B(sandy-clay)over two years.To this end,sewage sludge and soils treatments physicochemical parameters,heavy metals content,degree of pollution and associated risks were evaluated and compared to controlled soils.The results showed that all studied parameters changed significantly(p<0.05)in a dose-dependent manner for both soils compared to the untreated control soils.Indeed,there were significant increase in organic matter(OM),total organic carbon(TOC)and nutrients content(N,P and K)of both sols as a response to increased sewage sludge amendment rates.Overall,sewage sludge application showed a positive agronomic potential for both soil and plant.However,there were concern about some heavy metals contamination risks,the results showed a gradual increase of heavy metals concentration in this order:Cu>Pb>Zn>Ni>Cd>Cr.Nevertheless,their concentrations were below the critical values established by the European Union for the agronomic use of soil.The obtained results of assessed parameters indicating SS degree of pollution and associated risks showed a low to a moderate contamination risks of heavy metals.Accordingly,environmental risks of sewage sludge application will be related to increase of heavy metals mainly in a long-term agricultural reuse.Thus,optimal management of sewage sludge application is recommended to ensure sustainability and benefits at the same time to master the contamination risks.
