Cancer is a major global concern due to its high mortality rate.Tumor immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment.However,low response rates and immune-related complications remain challenges.Extracellular vesic...Cancer is a major global concern due to its high mortality rate.Tumor immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment.However,low response rates and immune-related complications remain challenges.Extracellular vesicles(EVs),including exosomes,have emerged as promising therapeutic tools for various pathological conditions,especially cancer.Evidence indicates that changes in the quantity and composition of EVs can influence the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment,potentially affecting the effectiveness of immunotherapy.Exploiting EVs for immune sensitization has generated significant clinical interest.This review provides an in-depth understanding of the origin of EVs,their therapeutic applications(such as drug delivery nanoplatforms and cancer immunotherapies,including vaccines),diagnostic potential as tumor biomarkers,ongoing EV-based clinical trials,and the challenges encountered in EV-based cancer immunotherapy.展开更多
Cancer,a leading cause of global mortality,remains a significant challenge to increasing life expectancy worldwide.Forkhead Box R2(FOXR2),identified as an oncogene within the FOX gene family,plays a crucial role in de...Cancer,a leading cause of global mortality,remains a significant challenge to increasing life expectancy worldwide.Forkhead Box R2(FOXR2),identified as an oncogene within the FOX gene family,plays a crucial role in developing various endoderm-derived organs.Recent studies have elucidated FOXR2-related pathways and their involvement in both tumor and non-tumor diseases.Dysregulation of FOXR2 has been linked to numerous malignant tumors,spanning the brain,nervous system,thyroid,osteosarcoma,Hodgkin lymphoma,colorectal,liver,pancreatic,lung,breast,ovarian,prostate,female genital tract,endometrial,and uterine cancers.Despite extensive research on FOXR2 dysregulation,its practical applications remain underexplored.This review delves into the mechanisms underlying FOXR2 dysregulation during oncogenesis and its implications for cancer diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment.展开更多
The hepatitis C virus(HCV), first described in 1989, is now a leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. With more than 170 million people infected globally, this virus is a major public health iss...The hepatitis C virus(HCV), first described in 1989, is now a leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. With more than 170 million people infected globally, this virus is a major public health issue. The current standard therapy is based on interferon in combination with ribavirin. This costly therapy often fails to completely clear the infection and is associated with adverse side effects. Recent anti-HCV therapies are interferon-free direct-acting antiviral(DAA) regimens for HCV, including simeprevir, sofosbuvir, and ledipasvir, which have effects on non-structural proteins. DAA regimens have several advantages, such as specifically targeting HCV viral replication, accompanied by very high sustained virological response rates and lower side effects like flu-like syndrome. These facts plus the fact that most HCV cases progress to chronic infection suggest the potential need for an efficient HCV vaccine. Different innovative methods, including methods based on peptide, recombinant protein, DNA, vector-based, and virus-like particles, have been introduced for the development of HCV vaccines. An extensive number of studies have been published on these vaccines, and some vaccines were even tested in clinical trials. In the current review, progress in the development of preventive and therapeutic vaccines against the HCV is reviewed in the context of peptide vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines, HCV-like particle, DNA vaccines and viral vectors expressing HCV genes.展开更多
Emerging studies of treating spinal cord injury （SCI） with adult stem cells led us to evaluate the effects of transplantation of hair follicle stem cells in rats with a compression-induced spinal cord lesion. Here, ...Emerging studies of treating spinal cord injury （SCI） with adult stem cells led us to evaluate the effects of transplantation of hair follicle stem cells in rats with a compression-induced spinal cord lesion. Here, we proposed a hypothesis that rat hair follicle stem cell transplantation can promote the recovery of injured spinal cord. Compression-induced spinal cord injury was induced in Wistar rats in this study. The bulge area of the rat vibdssa follicles was isolated, cultivated and characterized with nestin as a stem cell marker. 5-Bromo-2＇-deoxyuridine （BrdU） labeled bulge stem cells were transplanted into rats with spinal cord injury. Immunohistochemical staining results showed that some of the grafted cells could survive and differentiate into oligodendrocytes （receptor-interacting protein positive cells） and neuronal-like cells （~lll-tubulin positive cells） at 3 weeks after transplantation. In addition, recovery of hind limb locomotor function in spinal cord injury rats at 8 weeks following cell transplantation was assessed using the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan （BBB） locomotor rating scale. The results demon- strate that the grafted hair follicle stem cells can survive for a long time period in vivo and differentiate into neuronal- and glial-like cells. These results suggest that hair follicle stem cells can promote the recovery of spinal cord injury.展开更多
In more than half of infertile men, the cause of their infertility is unknown. Several studies revealed the role of viral infections in male infertility. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of...In more than half of infertile men, the cause of their infertility is unknown. Several studies revealed the role of viral infections in male infertility. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of herpes simplex virus-1 （HSV-1） and HSV-2 in semen from asymptomatic infertile male patients, and its association with altered semen parameters. A total of 70 semen samples were collected from infertile men who attended the Research and Clinical Center for Infertility in Yazd, Iran. Semen analysis and diagnostic real-time PCR using specific primers and probes for HSV-1 and HSV-2 DNA were performed. Comparison of semen parameters between virally in- fected and non-infected samples were performed with independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test. Semen analysis showed that infertile men fell into two groups, the male factor group and the unexplained group. HSV-1 and HSV-2 DNA was detected in 16 （22.9%） and 10 （14.3%） of 70 semen samples, respectively. All HSV-positive samples had abnormal semen parameters （the male factor group）. Although HSV infection was not associated with sperm motility and morphological defects, it was correlated with lower sperm count in the seminal fluid. The findings suggest that asymptomatic seminal infection of HSV plays an important role in male infertility by adversely af- fecting sperm count.展开更多
In this work 4-amino-6-aryl-2-phenyl pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives were synthesized through a one-pot, three-component reaction of an aldehyde, malononitrile and benzamidine hydrochloride, in the presence of m...In this work 4-amino-6-aryl-2-phenyl pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives were synthesized through a one-pot, three-component reaction of an aldehyde, malononitrile and benzamidine hydrochloride, in the presence of magnetic nano Fe304 particles as a catalyst under solvent-free conditions. 3-Amino-6-aryl- 2-phenylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives were prepared through an efficient and environmentally friendly reaction between 4-amino-6-aryl-2-phenylpyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives and hydra- zine hvdrate and their antibacterial activity has been evaluated展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the prevalence of West Nile virus seropositivity in the general population of Mashhad.Northeast of Iran.Methods:One hundred and eighty two individuals living in the city of Mashhad were studied u...Objective:To evaluate the prevalence of West Nile virus seropositivity in the general population of Mashhad.Northeast of Iran.Methods:One hundred and eighty two individuals living in the city of Mashhad were studied using cluster sampling method.Both IgM and IgG antibodies against WNV were detected by ELISA method.Results:In this study,the overall IgG seroprevalence of positive West Nile virus was 11%;however.IgM antibody was not found in the participants.Conclusions:Our study suggested that the prevalence rate of West virus is considerable in Mashhad city.It seems necessary for clinicians and health care workers to be aware of WNV infection in the Northeast Iran.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the frequency of exoU and exoY genes in patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.Methods:In this study,100 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were collected from patients hospit...Objective:To investigate the frequency of exoU and exoY genes in patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.Methods:In this study,100 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were collected from patients hospitalized in educational-therapeutic hospitals and were identified using standard microbiological tests.Then,the antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates was determined by the disk agar diffusion method.The bacterial DNAs were extracted by the alkaline lysis method.Finally,the presence of exoU and exoY genes was evaluated by the PCR test.Results:In this study,47%,72%,29%,39%,40%,and 44%of the isolates were non-susceptible to piperacillin,aztreonam,ceftazidime,imipenem,tobramycin,and ciprofloxacin,respectively.In addition,95%and 93%of the clinical isolates carried the exoU and exoY genes.Blood and fecal isolates had both virulence genes,while only one wound isolate had neither genes.Meanwhile,all urinary isolates contained the exoY gene and only one isolate lacked the exoU gene.Also,88 isolates simultaneously had both exoU and exoY genes.Conclusions:High prevalence of exoU and exoY genes in this region indicates a significant role of typeⅢsecretion system in pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The typeⅢsecretion system may be a suitable target to reduce the pathogenicity of this bacterium.展开更多
Objective:To identify the risk factors of Clostridium difficile infection(CDI)in diarrheal patients admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU)in Tehran Baharloo Hospital.Methods:A case-control study was conducted on ICU...Objective:To identify the risk factors of Clostridium difficile infection(CDI)in diarrheal patients admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU)in Tehran Baharloo Hospital.Methods:A case-control study was conducted on ICU patients with hospital-acquired diarrhea.A total of 101 patients were divided into two groups:the case group(CDI positive,n=47)and the control group(CDI negative,n=54).The baseline information such as use of antibiotics,other drugs administration,treatments before diarrhea,laboratory results,and vital signs of the two groups were compared.Besides,logistic regression model was used to assess the correlation between CDI positivity and mortality.Results:Hospital stay length,ICU stay length,duration from admission to diarrhea onset,and nasogastric feeding duration,mechanical ventilation rate and its duration were significantly different from these of the control group(P<0.05).The frequency of proton pump inhibitor and carbapenem in the case group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).In addition,age had a significant effect on the mortality of CDI patients.Conclusions:Patients with older age,longer duration of hospital or ICU stay,longer duration of endotracheal feeding and/or intubation were more susceptible to CDI.In addition,proton pump inhibitor and carbapenem use influenced the gut microbiome diversity and increased the CDI risk in patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is one of the most common chronic systemic diseases,mainly appearing as lesions on the skin and joints,and is associated with a high mortality due to a lack of standard treatment.The exact mechani...BACKGROUND Psoriasis is one of the most common chronic systemic diseases,mainly appearing as lesions on the skin and joints,and is associated with a high mortality due to a lack of standard treatment.The exact mechanism of this disease is not fully understood,but the inflammatory response and dysregulation of the immune system are the most important molecular processes that trigger this disease.The skin microflora is one of the main factors involved in inducing,maturing,and dysregulating the immune system,which may underly the development of psoriasis.AIM To determine the impact of Streptococcus pyogenes(S.pyogenes)infection and susceptibility to psoriasis using available case-control studies.METHODS In this study,we conducted a comprehensive literature search using PubMed,Scopus,Web of science,and Google scholar databases to obtain all available relevant studies on the association between S.pyogenes and psoriasis.We pooled the data using Comprehensive Meta-analysis software to investigate the role of S.pyogenes infection in the development of psoriasis.The probable connection between S.pyogenes and susceptibility to psoriasis was assessed using the odds ratio(OR)with corresponding 95%confidence intervals(CIs).RESULTS Data from 781 cases were evaluated in this study.Our results showed that the rate of infection with S.pyogenes in psoriatic patients and healthy individuals was 33.4%(95%CI:27.8-39.6)and 16.2%(95%CI:9.7-25.9),respectively.S.pyogenes infection significantly increased the risk of psoriasis(OR:6.58;95%CI:3.64-11.87;P=0.001).CONCLUSION S.pyogenes infection can significantly increase the risk of psoriasis.Thus,infection with S.pyogenes is a risk factor for the initiation and development of psoriatic events.展开更多
Background:Herpes simplex virus type 2(HSV-2)infection is the main cause of genital and neonatal herpes infections.It has considerable public health importance among women as the virus may lead to adverse outcomes in ...Background:Herpes simplex virus type 2(HSV-2)infection is the main cause of genital and neonatal herpes infections.It has considerable public health importance among women as the virus may lead to adverse outcomes in pregnancy and neonatal infection.This study determines the molecular epidemiology and risk factors ofHSV-2 infection among pregnant women.Methods:In this cross-sectional study,all pregnant women admitted to three university hospitals for natural birth and Caesarean sections were enrolled.HSV detection and typing were carried out based on PCR and reverse dot blotting method,respectively.ANOVA and bivariate correlations were used to analyze the data.Results:In this study,the prevalence of genital herpes infection was 5.7%.A significant positive correlation was found between age group<25 years and HSV-2 shedding(P=0.026).Twelve participants(60%)with HSV-2 shedding were younger than 25.A significant correlation was found between the presence of genital lesion and HSV-2(P=0.02).Among participants with HSV-2 infection,the use of condom was low.Neonatal complications were not seen in newborns from mothers with HSV-2 shedding.Conclusion:PCR assay may help in promoting early diagnosis and more effective treatment for patients.Also,it shortens hospital stay and enhances patients?condition.HSV-2 transmission is rapid following the onset of sexual activity and likely to result in the significant prevalence of genital disease.展开更多
Objective: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), an ingredient among endocrine-disrupting chemicals, leads to a decrease in fertility. Since the relationship between exposure to these compounds and disruption of the implanta...Objective: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), an ingredient among endocrine-disrupting chemicals, leads to a decrease in fertility. Since the relationship between exposure to these compounds and disruption of the implantation process has been minimally explored, this research investigated the effect of oral consumption of PFOA on endometrial receptivity.Methods: After an adaptation period, thirty 8-week-old Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) female mice were mated with male mice of the same breed. The morning of finding the vaginal plug was considered day 1 (GD1). The mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group, sham group (receiving saline), group 2.5 (receiving 2.5 mg/kg PFOA), group 5 (receiving 5 mg/kg PFOA), and group 10 (receiving 10 mg/kg PFOA). Gavage was performed for 4 days from GD1, after which the mice were euthanized on day 4.5. Blood samples were collected to measure progesterone levels. Endometrial tissue was used to examine pinopodesvia scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1βvia quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).Results: The results showed that PFOA led to a decrease in serum progesterone levels. This reduction trend was statistically significant only in group 10. The decline in the number of pinopodes was dose-dependent, and with increasing doses of PFOA, the decrease in their number and extent became more pronounced. Additionally, the expression levels of IL-6 and IL-1β decreased;this reduction was dose-dependent and statistically significant.Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that PFOA altered endometrial function during the implantation stage by affecting serum progesterone levels, the number of pinopodes, and the expression levels of IL-6 and IL-1β. The evidence suggests that these changes are detrimental to embryo implantation. Therefore, further studies investigating the negative effects of PFOA on the endometrium are warranted.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Tuberculosis （TB） is a contagious infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis （Mtb）. This disease with two million deaths per year has the highest mortality rate among bacterial infections...BACKGROUND： Tuberculosis （TB） is a contagious infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis （Mtb）. This disease with two million deaths per year has the highest mortality rate among bacterial infections. The only available vaccine against TB is BCG vaccine. BCG is an effective vaccine against TB in childhood, however, due to some limitations, has not proper efficiency in adults. Also, BCG cannot produce an adequately protective response against reactivation of latent infections. OBJECTIVE： In the present study we will review the most recent findings about contribution of HspX protein in the vaccines against tuberculosis. METHODS： Therefore, many attempts have been made to improve BCG or to find its replacement. Most of the subunit vaccines for TB in various phases of clinical trials were constructed as prophylactic vaccines using Mtb proteins expressed in the replicating stage. These vaccines might prevent active TB but not reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection （LTBI）. A literature search was performed on various online databases （PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar） regarding the roles of HspX protein in tuberculosis vaccines. RESULTS： Ideal subunit post-exposure vaccines should target all forms of TB infection, including active symptomatic and dormant （latent） asymptomatic forms. Among these subunit vaccines, HspX is the most important latent phase antigen of M. tuberculosis with a strong immunological response. There are many studies that have evaluated the immunogenicity of this protein to improve TB vaccine. CONCLUSION： According to the studies, HspX protein is a good candidate for development of subunit vaccines against TB infection.展开更多
The global increase in the prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria has necessitated the development of alternative treatments that do not rely on conventional antimicrobial agents.Using bacteriophage-derived lytic enzym...The global increase in the prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria has necessitated the development of alternative treatments that do not rely on conventional antimicrobial agents.Using bacteriophage-derived lytic enzymes in antibacterial therapy shows promise;however,a thorough comparison and evaluation of their bactericidal efficacy are lacking.This study aimed to compare and investigate the bactericidal activity and spectrum of such lytic enzymes,with the goal of harnessing them for antibacterial therapy.First,we examined the bactericidal activity of spanins,endolysins,and holins derived from 2 Escherichia coli model phages,T1 and T7.Among these,T1-spanin exhibited the highest bactericidal activity against E.coli.Subsequently,we expressed T1-spanin within bacterial cells and assessed its bactericidal activity.T1-spanin showed potent bactericidal activity against all clinical isolates tested,including bacterial strains of 111 E.coli,2 Acinetobacter spp.,3 Klebsiella spp.,and 3 Pseudomonas aeruginosa.In contrast,T1 phage-derived endolysin showed bactericidal activity against E.coli and P.aeruginosa,yet its efficacy against other bacteria was inferior to that of T1-spanin.Finally,we developed a phage-based technology to introduce the T1-spanin gene into target bacteria.The synthesized non-proliferative phage exhibited strong antibacterial activity against the targeted bacteria.The potent bactericidal activity exhibited by spanins,combined with the novel phage synthetic technology,holds promise for the development of innovative antimicrobial agents.展开更多
文摘Cancer is a major global concern due to its high mortality rate.Tumor immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment.However,low response rates and immune-related complications remain challenges.Extracellular vesicles(EVs),including exosomes,have emerged as promising therapeutic tools for various pathological conditions,especially cancer.Evidence indicates that changes in the quantity and composition of EVs can influence the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment,potentially affecting the effectiveness of immunotherapy.Exploiting EVs for immune sensitization has generated significant clinical interest.This review provides an in-depth understanding of the origin of EVs,their therapeutic applications(such as drug delivery nanoplatforms and cancer immunotherapies,including vaccines),diagnostic potential as tumor biomarkers,ongoing EV-based clinical trials,and the challenges encountered in EV-based cancer immunotherapy.
文摘Cancer,a leading cause of global mortality,remains a significant challenge to increasing life expectancy worldwide.Forkhead Box R2(FOXR2),identified as an oncogene within the FOX gene family,plays a crucial role in developing various endoderm-derived organs.Recent studies have elucidated FOXR2-related pathways and their involvement in both tumor and non-tumor diseases.Dysregulation of FOXR2 has been linked to numerous malignant tumors,spanning the brain,nervous system,thyroid,osteosarcoma,Hodgkin lymphoma,colorectal,liver,pancreatic,lung,breast,ovarian,prostate,female genital tract,endometrial,and uterine cancers.Despite extensive research on FOXR2 dysregulation,its practical applications remain underexplored.This review delves into the mechanisms underlying FOXR2 dysregulation during oncogenesis and its implications for cancer diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment.
文摘The hepatitis C virus(HCV), first described in 1989, is now a leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. With more than 170 million people infected globally, this virus is a major public health issue. The current standard therapy is based on interferon in combination with ribavirin. This costly therapy often fails to completely clear the infection and is associated with adverse side effects. Recent anti-HCV therapies are interferon-free direct-acting antiviral(DAA) regimens for HCV, including simeprevir, sofosbuvir, and ledipasvir, which have effects on non-structural proteins. DAA regimens have several advantages, such as specifically targeting HCV viral replication, accompanied by very high sustained virological response rates and lower side effects like flu-like syndrome. These facts plus the fact that most HCV cases progress to chronic infection suggest the potential need for an efficient HCV vaccine. Different innovative methods, including methods based on peptide, recombinant protein, DNA, vector-based, and virus-like particles, have been introduced for the development of HCV vaccines. An extensive number of studies have been published on these vaccines, and some vaccines were even tested in clinical trials. In the current review, progress in the development of preventive and therapeutic vaccines against the HCV is reviewed in the context of peptide vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines, HCV-like particle, DNA vaccines and viral vectors expressing HCV genes.
基金financially supported by a grant from Iran University of Medical Sciences(Tehran–Iran),No.531
文摘Emerging studies of treating spinal cord injury （SCI） with adult stem cells led us to evaluate the effects of transplantation of hair follicle stem cells in rats with a compression-induced spinal cord lesion. Here, we proposed a hypothesis that rat hair follicle stem cell transplantation can promote the recovery of injured spinal cord. Compression-induced spinal cord injury was induced in Wistar rats in this study. The bulge area of the rat vibdssa follicles was isolated, cultivated and characterized with nestin as a stem cell marker. 5-Bromo-2＇-deoxyuridine （BrdU） labeled bulge stem cells were transplanted into rats with spinal cord injury. Immunohistochemical staining results showed that some of the grafted cells could survive and differentiate into oligodendrocytes （receptor-interacting protein positive cells） and neuronal-like cells （~lll-tubulin positive cells） at 3 weeks after transplantation. In addition, recovery of hind limb locomotor function in spinal cord injury rats at 8 weeks following cell transplantation was assessed using the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan （BBB） locomotor rating scale. The results demon- strate that the grafted hair follicle stem cells can survive for a long time period in vivo and differentiate into neuronal- and glial-like cells. These results suggest that hair follicle stem cells can promote the recovery of spinal cord injury.
基金supported by Tehran University of Medical Sciences(No.P/943)
文摘In more than half of infertile men, the cause of their infertility is unknown. Several studies revealed the role of viral infections in male infertility. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of herpes simplex virus-1 （HSV-1） and HSV-2 in semen from asymptomatic infertile male patients, and its association with altered semen parameters. A total of 70 semen samples were collected from infertile men who attended the Research and Clinical Center for Infertility in Yazd, Iran. Semen analysis and diagnostic real-time PCR using specific primers and probes for HSV-1 and HSV-2 DNA were performed. Comparison of semen parameters between virally in- fected and non-infected samples were performed with independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test. Semen analysis showed that infertile men fell into two groups, the male factor group and the unexplained group. HSV-1 and HSV-2 DNA was detected in 16 （22.9%） and 10 （14.3%） of 70 semen samples, respectively. All HSV-positive samples had abnormal semen parameters （the male factor group）. Although HSV infection was not associated with sperm motility and morphological defects, it was correlated with lower sperm count in the seminal fluid. The findings suggest that asymptomatic seminal infection of HSV plays an important role in male infertility by adversely af- fecting sperm count.
文摘In this work 4-amino-6-aryl-2-phenyl pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives were synthesized through a one-pot, three-component reaction of an aldehyde, malononitrile and benzamidine hydrochloride, in the presence of magnetic nano Fe304 particles as a catalyst under solvent-free conditions. 3-Amino-6-aryl- 2-phenylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives were prepared through an efficient and environmentally friendly reaction between 4-amino-6-aryl-2-phenylpyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives and hydra- zine hvdrate and their antibacterial activity has been evaluated
基金supported by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.Mashhad.Iran(grant No.88290)Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Laboratory(National Ref.Lab).Pasteur Institute of Tehran.Iran
文摘Objective:To evaluate the prevalence of West Nile virus seropositivity in the general population of Mashhad.Northeast of Iran.Methods:One hundred and eighty two individuals living in the city of Mashhad were studied using cluster sampling method.Both IgM and IgG antibodies against WNV were detected by ELISA method.Results:In this study,the overall IgG seroprevalence of positive West Nile virus was 11%;however.IgM antibody was not found in the participants.Conclusions:Our study suggested that the prevalence rate of West virus is considerable in Mashhad city.It seems necessary for clinicians and health care workers to be aware of WNV infection in the Northeast Iran.
文摘Objective:To investigate the frequency of exoU and exoY genes in patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.Methods:In this study,100 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were collected from patients hospitalized in educational-therapeutic hospitals and were identified using standard microbiological tests.Then,the antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates was determined by the disk agar diffusion method.The bacterial DNAs were extracted by the alkaline lysis method.Finally,the presence of exoU and exoY genes was evaluated by the PCR test.Results:In this study,47%,72%,29%,39%,40%,and 44%of the isolates were non-susceptible to piperacillin,aztreonam,ceftazidime,imipenem,tobramycin,and ciprofloxacin,respectively.In addition,95%and 93%of the clinical isolates carried the exoU and exoY genes.Blood and fecal isolates had both virulence genes,while only one wound isolate had neither genes.Meanwhile,all urinary isolates contained the exoY gene and only one isolate lacked the exoU gene.Also,88 isolates simultaneously had both exoU and exoY genes.Conclusions:High prevalence of exoU and exoY genes in this region indicates a significant role of typeⅢsecretion system in pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The typeⅢsecretion system may be a suitable target to reduce the pathogenicity of this bacterium.
文摘Objective:To identify the risk factors of Clostridium difficile infection(CDI)in diarrheal patients admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU)in Tehran Baharloo Hospital.Methods:A case-control study was conducted on ICU patients with hospital-acquired diarrhea.A total of 101 patients were divided into two groups:the case group(CDI positive,n=47)and the control group(CDI negative,n=54).The baseline information such as use of antibiotics,other drugs administration,treatments before diarrhea,laboratory results,and vital signs of the two groups were compared.Besides,logistic regression model was used to assess the correlation between CDI positivity and mortality.Results:Hospital stay length,ICU stay length,duration from admission to diarrhea onset,and nasogastric feeding duration,mechanical ventilation rate and its duration were significantly different from these of the control group(P<0.05).The frequency of proton pump inhibitor and carbapenem in the case group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).In addition,age had a significant effect on the mortality of CDI patients.Conclusions:Patients with older age,longer duration of hospital or ICU stay,longer duration of endotracheal feeding and/or intubation were more susceptible to CDI.In addition,proton pump inhibitor and carbapenem use influenced the gut microbiome diversity and increased the CDI risk in patients.
文摘BACKGROUND Psoriasis is one of the most common chronic systemic diseases,mainly appearing as lesions on the skin and joints,and is associated with a high mortality due to a lack of standard treatment.The exact mechanism of this disease is not fully understood,but the inflammatory response and dysregulation of the immune system are the most important molecular processes that trigger this disease.The skin microflora is one of the main factors involved in inducing,maturing,and dysregulating the immune system,which may underly the development of psoriasis.AIM To determine the impact of Streptococcus pyogenes(S.pyogenes)infection and susceptibility to psoriasis using available case-control studies.METHODS In this study,we conducted a comprehensive literature search using PubMed,Scopus,Web of science,and Google scholar databases to obtain all available relevant studies on the association between S.pyogenes and psoriasis.We pooled the data using Comprehensive Meta-analysis software to investigate the role of S.pyogenes infection in the development of psoriasis.The probable connection between S.pyogenes and susceptibility to psoriasis was assessed using the odds ratio(OR)with corresponding 95%confidence intervals(CIs).RESULTS Data from 781 cases were evaluated in this study.Our results showed that the rate of infection with S.pyogenes in psoriatic patients and healthy individuals was 33.4%(95%CI:27.8-39.6)and 16.2%(95%CI:9.7-25.9),respectively.S.pyogenes infection significantly increased the risk of psoriasis(OR:6.58;95%CI:3.64-11.87;P=0.001).CONCLUSION S.pyogenes infection can significantly increase the risk of psoriasis.Thus,infection with S.pyogenes is a risk factor for the initiation and development of psoriatic events.
文摘Background:Herpes simplex virus type 2(HSV-2)infection is the main cause of genital and neonatal herpes infections.It has considerable public health importance among women as the virus may lead to adverse outcomes in pregnancy and neonatal infection.This study determines the molecular epidemiology and risk factors ofHSV-2 infection among pregnant women.Methods:In this cross-sectional study,all pregnant women admitted to three university hospitals for natural birth and Caesarean sections were enrolled.HSV detection and typing were carried out based on PCR and reverse dot blotting method,respectively.ANOVA and bivariate correlations were used to analyze the data.Results:In this study,the prevalence of genital herpes infection was 5.7%.A significant positive correlation was found between age group<25 years and HSV-2 shedding(P=0.026).Twelve participants(60%)with HSV-2 shedding were younger than 25.A significant correlation was found between the presence of genital lesion and HSV-2(P=0.02).Among participants with HSV-2 infection,the use of condom was low.Neonatal complications were not seen in newborns from mothers with HSV-2 shedding.Conclusion:PCR assay may help in promoting early diagnosis and more effective treatment for patients.Also,it shortens hospital stay and enhances patients?condition.HSV-2 transmission is rapid following the onset of sexual activity and likely to result in the significant prevalence of genital disease.
基金Iran University of Medical Sciences(1401-1-65-23281)。
文摘Objective: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), an ingredient among endocrine-disrupting chemicals, leads to a decrease in fertility. Since the relationship between exposure to these compounds and disruption of the implantation process has been minimally explored, this research investigated the effect of oral consumption of PFOA on endometrial receptivity.Methods: After an adaptation period, thirty 8-week-old Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) female mice were mated with male mice of the same breed. The morning of finding the vaginal plug was considered day 1 (GD1). The mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group, sham group (receiving saline), group 2.5 (receiving 2.5 mg/kg PFOA), group 5 (receiving 5 mg/kg PFOA), and group 10 (receiving 10 mg/kg PFOA). Gavage was performed for 4 days from GD1, after which the mice were euthanized on day 4.5. Blood samples were collected to measure progesterone levels. Endometrial tissue was used to examine pinopodesvia scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1βvia quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).Results: The results showed that PFOA led to a decrease in serum progesterone levels. This reduction trend was statistically significant only in group 10. The decline in the number of pinopodes was dose-dependent, and with increasing doses of PFOA, the decrease in their number and extent became more pronounced. Additionally, the expression levels of IL-6 and IL-1β decreased;this reduction was dose-dependent and statistically significant.Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that PFOA altered endometrial function during the implantation stage by affecting serum progesterone levels, the number of pinopodes, and the expression levels of IL-6 and IL-1β. The evidence suggests that these changes are detrimental to embryo implantation. Therefore, further studies investigating the negative effects of PFOA on the endometrium are warranted.
文摘BACKGROUND： Tuberculosis （TB） is a contagious infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis （Mtb）. This disease with two million deaths per year has the highest mortality rate among bacterial infections. The only available vaccine against TB is BCG vaccine. BCG is an effective vaccine against TB in childhood, however, due to some limitations, has not proper efficiency in adults. Also, BCG cannot produce an adequately protective response against reactivation of latent infections. OBJECTIVE： In the present study we will review the most recent findings about contribution of HspX protein in the vaccines against tuberculosis. METHODS： Therefore, many attempts have been made to improve BCG or to find its replacement. Most of the subunit vaccines for TB in various phases of clinical trials were constructed as prophylactic vaccines using Mtb proteins expressed in the replicating stage. These vaccines might prevent active TB but not reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection （LTBI）. A literature search was performed on various online databases （PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar） regarding the roles of HspX protein in tuberculosis vaccines. RESULTS： Ideal subunit post-exposure vaccines should target all forms of TB infection, including active symptomatic and dormant （latent） asymptomatic forms. Among these subunit vaccines, HspX is the most important latent phase antigen of M. tuberculosis with a strong immunological response. There are many studies that have evaluated the immunogenicity of this protein to improve TB vaccine. CONCLUSION： According to the studies, HspX protein is a good candidate for development of subunit vaccines against TB infection.
基金supported by the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development under grant numbers JP23wm0325065,JP22fk0108532,JP21fk0108496,and JP21 wm0325022 to K.K.grant number JP21gm1610002 to L.C.and K.K.JSPS KAKENHI grants numbers 21H02110 and 21K19666 to K.K.
文摘The global increase in the prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria has necessitated the development of alternative treatments that do not rely on conventional antimicrobial agents.Using bacteriophage-derived lytic enzymes in antibacterial therapy shows promise;however,a thorough comparison and evaluation of their bactericidal efficacy are lacking.This study aimed to compare and investigate the bactericidal activity and spectrum of such lytic enzymes,with the goal of harnessing them for antibacterial therapy.First,we examined the bactericidal activity of spanins,endolysins,and holins derived from 2 Escherichia coli model phages,T1 and T7.Among these,T1-spanin exhibited the highest bactericidal activity against E.coli.Subsequently,we expressed T1-spanin within bacterial cells and assessed its bactericidal activity.T1-spanin showed potent bactericidal activity against all clinical isolates tested,including bacterial strains of 111 E.coli,2 Acinetobacter spp.,3 Klebsiella spp.,and 3 Pseudomonas aeruginosa.In contrast,T1 phage-derived endolysin showed bactericidal activity against E.coli and P.aeruginosa,yet its efficacy against other bacteria was inferior to that of T1-spanin.Finally,we developed a phage-based technology to introduce the T1-spanin gene into target bacteria.The synthesized non-proliferative phage exhibited strong antibacterial activity against the targeted bacteria.The potent bactericidal activity exhibited by spanins,combined with the novel phage synthetic technology,holds promise for the development of innovative antimicrobial agents.
