Phytoremediation is a sustainable remedial approach for removing benzene from environment.Plant associated bacteria could ameliorate the phytotoxic effects of benzene on plant,although the specificity of these interac...Phytoremediation is a sustainable remedial approach for removing benzene from environment.Plant associated bacteria could ameliorate the phytotoxic effects of benzene on plant,although the specificity of these interactions is unclear.Here,we used proteomics approach to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in plant-bacteria interactions.Plant associated bacteria was isolated and subsequently inoculated into the sterilized Helianthus annuus,and the uptake rates of benzene by these inoculated plants were evaluated.At the end of the experiment,leaves and roots proteins were analyzed.The results showed inoculated H.annuus with strain EnL3 removed more benzene than other treatments after 96 h.EnL3 was identified as Enterobacter sp.according to 16S rDNA analysis.Based on the comparison of proteins,62 proteins were significantly up or down regulated in inoculated leaves,while 35 proteins were significantly up or down regulated in inoculated roots.Furthermore,there were 4 and 3 identified proteins presented only in inoculated H.annuus leaves and roots,respectively.These proteins involved in several functions including transcription and translation,photosynthesis,and stress response.The network among anti-oxidant defense system,protein synthesis,and photosynthetic electron transfer are involved in collaboratively activate the benzene uptake and stress tolerance in plant.展开更多
The distribution, diversity, and abundance of sea cucumbers in intertidal zones of Aurora were studied from February to June 2013 to obtain baseline data. A one-hour timed-search survey covering an approximate one kil...The distribution, diversity, and abundance of sea cucumbers in intertidal zones of Aurora were studied from February to June 2013 to obtain baseline data. A one-hour timed-search survey covering an approximate one kilometer over a ten-meter wide area was conducted in six coastal municipalities to obtain a comprehensive list of sea cucumber species found in the zones. Only four sampling stations (Baler, Dipaculao, Dilasag, and Dingalan) were selected for belt transect survey, 50 × 50 m, based on the availability of coralline, sandy, muddy sand, and rocky habitats which were laid perpendicular and parallel to each intertidal zone. Timed-search survey revealed a total of 15 species of sea cucumbers distributed among two Orders (Order Aspidochirotida and Order Apodida) and four Families (Family Holothuriidae, Family Stichopodidae, Family Synaptidae, and Family Chirotidae) were recorded. Synapta maculata is most common and has widespread distribution. Belt-tranect surveys showed Holothuria leucospilota is among the most frequently occurring species both during day time (58%) and night time (75%). The Dilasag sampling station had the most diverse species (0.71) while the Dipaculao sampling station had the densest species of Holothuria leucospilota (10,014 in<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup>) and abundant (95.91%) species.展开更多
The diversity and abundance of bivalves and gastropods were studied from April to July 2015. Two sampling stations, Tinib and Esteves, in Casiguran, Aurora were selected based on the presence of mangrove forest, bival...The diversity and abundance of bivalves and gastropods were studied from April to July 2015. Two sampling stations, Tinib and Esteves, in Casiguran, Aurora were selected based on the presence of mangrove forest, bivalves, gastropods, muddy substrate, and gleaners for the establishment of a transect line. Each station was laid with 100 meters transect line overlaid continuously with 2 m × 2 m quadrat along each transect. A total of 50 sampling units covering 0.02 ha area per sampling station were surveyed. The transect line recorded six species of bivalves distributed among five families and 12 species of gastropods belonging to eight families. Three species of bivalves and five species of gastropods were common to both sampling stations. However, Tinib station had most diverse species of bivalves (0.55) while Esteves station had most diverse species of gastropods (0.43). Both stations revealed Dendrostrea folium (43%) (bivalve) and Cerithidea cingulata (93%) (gastropods) as most frequently occurring species. Dendostrea folium also emerged as the densest (10,640 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup> and 6850 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup>) and most abundant (58.52% and 77.84%) bivalve species. For gastropods, Terebralia sulcata (249,250 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup>) was the densest and most abundant (96.97%) in Tinib while Terebralia palustris was the densest (747,050 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup>) and most abundant (70.44%) in Esteves. Pooled results for bivalve species maintained Dendrostrea folium as the densest (8750 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup>) and most abundant (64.81%). However, for gastropods, Terebralia palustris emerged as the densest (373,525 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup>) and most abundant (56.70%) species. The mangrove forests of Casiguran, Aurora thus contain a variety of bivalves and gastropods with Tinib station dominated by bivalves while Esteves station dominated by gastropods.展开更多
Mangrove utilization and management were observed done by men and women depending on their needs and priorities in Casiguran, Aurora. This study, therefore, tried to investigate the gender roles in the utilization and...Mangrove utilization and management were observed done by men and women depending on their needs and priorities in Casiguran, Aurora. This study, therefore, tried to investigate the gender roles in the utilization and management of mangrove forests, the existing mangrove management practices and their challenges, and the relationship between gender and mangrove resources management. A mixed-method approach was used and data were obtained through triangulation. Respondents were obtained through snowball sampling and interviewed using a structured questionnaire with a few open-ended questions. Results revealed that the majority of the respondents were women (60.7%) and residents of Brgy. Esteves (52.5%) live within or near the mangrove forest. Mostly married (59%) who were providing food and income for the family. They utilized mangrove woods (58.20%) with an average quantity of less than 10 board feet (34.4%) for cooking (40.2%). Roots were utilized in minimal amounts (2.50%) for mythical, medicine, and cork purposes. Mollusks (93.44%), commonly bivalves (93.4%), were primarily gleaned by women for food consumption (93.4%) and as a source of income (93. 61%). On the other hand, catching of crabs (57.4%) for consumption (56.6%) and as a source of income (14.8%) and catching of fish (31.1%) for consumption (27.9%) were done by men. Both genders were involved in mangrove management practices, although only 65% of them had actual involvement in mangrove planting, 19% in mangrove nursery development and maintenance, and 16% in mangrove plantation maintenance. Challenges in management include low survival rate of planted mangroves (33%), lack of maintenance activity (20%), and lack of funds for mobilization (20%). A chi-square test of independence revealed that both men and women have no significant difference in their involvement in nursery establishment and maintenance, mangrove planting, and plantation management.展开更多
A wild rice (BKK) strain showing sterile spikelet and big leaves inhabited at the basin of the Chao Phraya river of Bangkok city, Thailand. The BKK strain was found as a natural triploid and thus its origin has been i...A wild rice (BKK) strain showing sterile spikelet and big leaves inhabited at the basin of the Chao Phraya river of Bangkok city, Thailand. The BKK strain was found as a natural triploid and thus its origin has been interested long time. Three different-sized fragments were amplified in RNA polymerase I largest subunit (<i>PolA1</i>) gene, which is a single-copy nuclear gene per haploid genome. Short type (0.14 kb) intron 20 sequence of BKK strain was identical to that of <i>O. rufipogon</i> and <i>O. sativa</i>. Phylogenetic analysis showed that long type (1.5 kb and 1.8 kb) intron 20 sequences of BKK strain were closely related to that of <i>O. longistaminata</i> and <i>O. officinalis</i>, respectively. We analyzed protein tag (Ptag) sequence encoded by exons 19 to 21 of <i>PolA1</i> gene. Determined three Ptag sequences of BKK strain were identical to that of <i>O. rufipogon</i>, <i>O. longistaminata</i>, and <i>O. officinalis</i>, respectively. Relative DNA content of nuclei in <i>O. officinalis</i> and BKK strain was 1.5 and 1.75 times than that in <i>O. sativa</i>, respectively. And BKK strain contained CentO-C1 repeats, which were unique to <i>O. officinalis</i>. These results indicated that BKK strain comprised three genomes of <i>O. rufipogon</i>, <i>O. longistaminata</i>, and <i>O. officinalis</i>.展开更多
Background：Shikonin is a major active chemical component extracted from Lithospermi Radix,an effective traditional herb in various types of wound healing.Shikonin can accelerate granulomatous tissue formation by the ...Background：Shikonin is a major active chemical component extracted from Lithospermi Radix,an effective traditional herb in various types of wound healing.Shikonin can accelerate granulomatous tissue formation by the rat cotton pellet method and induce neovascularization in granulomatous tissue.The purpose of the study was to investigate its mechanism of action in human skin cells.Methods：MTS assay was used to measure cell growth.The collagen type Ⅰ （COL1） mRNA expression and procollagen type Ⅰ C-peptide （PIP） production were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,respectively.Immunofluorescence and western blot analyses were carried out to investigate nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway.Cell-based proteasome activity assay was used to determine proteasome activity.Results：In this study,we found that 10 μmol/L shikonin stimulated the growth of normal human keratinocytes and 1 μmol/L shikonin promoted growth of human dermal fibroblasts.However,shikonin did not directly induce COLI mRNA expression and PIP production in dermal fibroblasts in vitro.In addition,1 μmol/L shikonin inhibited translocation of NF-κB p65 from cytoplasm to nucleus induced by tumor necrosis factor-α stimulation in dermal fibroblasts.Furthermore,shikonin inhibited chymotrypsin-like activity of proteasome and was associated with accumulation ofphosphorylated inhibitor κB-α in dermal fibroblasts.Conclusions：These results suggested that shikonin may promote wound healing via its cell growth promoting activity and suppress skin inflammation via inhibitory activity on proteasome.Thus,shikonin may be a potential therapeutic reagent both in wound healing and inflammatory skin diseases.展开更多
The success of the mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide implementation depends largely on a high level of accuracy associated with the information supplied as design inputs.Truck axle load spectra play a critic...The success of the mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide implementation depends largely on a high level of accuracy associated with the information supplied as design inputs.Truck axle load spectra play a critical role in all aspects of the pavement structure design.Inaccurate traffic information will yield an incorrect estimate of pavement thick-ness,which can either make the pavement fail prematurely in the case of under-designed thickness or increase construction cost in the case of over-designed thickness.The primary objective of this study was to create an accurate traffic design input module,and thus to improve the quality of pavement designs.The traffic input module was created with the most recent data to better reflect the axle load spectra for pavement design.The unclassified vehicles by weigh-in-motion devices were analyzed and a neural-network-model-based classification method was utilized to determine the appropriate allocations of unclassified vehicles to truck classes.The updated truck traffic information includes average annual daily truck traffic,truck volume monthly adjustment factors,truck volume lane distribution factors,truck volume directional distribution factors,truck volume class distributions,traffic volume hourly distribution factors,distributions of for single-axle,tandem-axle,tridem-axle,and quad-axle loads,average axle weight,average axle spacing,and average number of axle types.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi through the Post-doctoral Fellowship and the KMUTT 55th Anniversary Commemorative Fund.We thank Ms.Suthathip Kittisenachai,Mr.Yodying Yingchutrakul,and Mr.Sucheewin Krobthong of the National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology(BIOTEC)for their valuable help in the Proteomics Research Laboratory.
文摘Phytoremediation is a sustainable remedial approach for removing benzene from environment.Plant associated bacteria could ameliorate the phytotoxic effects of benzene on plant,although the specificity of these interactions is unclear.Here,we used proteomics approach to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in plant-bacteria interactions.Plant associated bacteria was isolated and subsequently inoculated into the sterilized Helianthus annuus,and the uptake rates of benzene by these inoculated plants were evaluated.At the end of the experiment,leaves and roots proteins were analyzed.The results showed inoculated H.annuus with strain EnL3 removed more benzene than other treatments after 96 h.EnL3 was identified as Enterobacter sp.according to 16S rDNA analysis.Based on the comparison of proteins,62 proteins were significantly up or down regulated in inoculated leaves,while 35 proteins were significantly up or down regulated in inoculated roots.Furthermore,there were 4 and 3 identified proteins presented only in inoculated H.annuus leaves and roots,respectively.These proteins involved in several functions including transcription and translation,photosynthesis,and stress response.The network among anti-oxidant defense system,protein synthesis,and photosynthetic electron transfer are involved in collaboratively activate the benzene uptake and stress tolerance in plant.
文摘The distribution, diversity, and abundance of sea cucumbers in intertidal zones of Aurora were studied from February to June 2013 to obtain baseline data. A one-hour timed-search survey covering an approximate one kilometer over a ten-meter wide area was conducted in six coastal municipalities to obtain a comprehensive list of sea cucumber species found in the zones. Only four sampling stations (Baler, Dipaculao, Dilasag, and Dingalan) were selected for belt transect survey, 50 × 50 m, based on the availability of coralline, sandy, muddy sand, and rocky habitats which were laid perpendicular and parallel to each intertidal zone. Timed-search survey revealed a total of 15 species of sea cucumbers distributed among two Orders (Order Aspidochirotida and Order Apodida) and four Families (Family Holothuriidae, Family Stichopodidae, Family Synaptidae, and Family Chirotidae) were recorded. Synapta maculata is most common and has widespread distribution. Belt-tranect surveys showed Holothuria leucospilota is among the most frequently occurring species both during day time (58%) and night time (75%). The Dilasag sampling station had the most diverse species (0.71) while the Dipaculao sampling station had the densest species of Holothuria leucospilota (10,014 in<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup>) and abundant (95.91%) species.
文摘The diversity and abundance of bivalves and gastropods were studied from April to July 2015. Two sampling stations, Tinib and Esteves, in Casiguran, Aurora were selected based on the presence of mangrove forest, bivalves, gastropods, muddy substrate, and gleaners for the establishment of a transect line. Each station was laid with 100 meters transect line overlaid continuously with 2 m × 2 m quadrat along each transect. A total of 50 sampling units covering 0.02 ha area per sampling station were surveyed. The transect line recorded six species of bivalves distributed among five families and 12 species of gastropods belonging to eight families. Three species of bivalves and five species of gastropods were common to both sampling stations. However, Tinib station had most diverse species of bivalves (0.55) while Esteves station had most diverse species of gastropods (0.43). Both stations revealed Dendrostrea folium (43%) (bivalve) and Cerithidea cingulata (93%) (gastropods) as most frequently occurring species. Dendostrea folium also emerged as the densest (10,640 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup> and 6850 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup>) and most abundant (58.52% and 77.84%) bivalve species. For gastropods, Terebralia sulcata (249,250 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup>) was the densest and most abundant (96.97%) in Tinib while Terebralia palustris was the densest (747,050 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup>) and most abundant (70.44%) in Esteves. Pooled results for bivalve species maintained Dendrostrea folium as the densest (8750 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup>) and most abundant (64.81%). However, for gastropods, Terebralia palustris emerged as the densest (373,525 ind<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1</sup>) and most abundant (56.70%) species. The mangrove forests of Casiguran, Aurora thus contain a variety of bivalves and gastropods with Tinib station dominated by bivalves while Esteves station dominated by gastropods.
文摘Mangrove utilization and management were observed done by men and women depending on their needs and priorities in Casiguran, Aurora. This study, therefore, tried to investigate the gender roles in the utilization and management of mangrove forests, the existing mangrove management practices and their challenges, and the relationship between gender and mangrove resources management. A mixed-method approach was used and data were obtained through triangulation. Respondents were obtained through snowball sampling and interviewed using a structured questionnaire with a few open-ended questions. Results revealed that the majority of the respondents were women (60.7%) and residents of Brgy. Esteves (52.5%) live within or near the mangrove forest. Mostly married (59%) who were providing food and income for the family. They utilized mangrove woods (58.20%) with an average quantity of less than 10 board feet (34.4%) for cooking (40.2%). Roots were utilized in minimal amounts (2.50%) for mythical, medicine, and cork purposes. Mollusks (93.44%), commonly bivalves (93.4%), were primarily gleaned by women for food consumption (93.4%) and as a source of income (93. 61%). On the other hand, catching of crabs (57.4%) for consumption (56.6%) and as a source of income (14.8%) and catching of fish (31.1%) for consumption (27.9%) were done by men. Both genders were involved in mangrove management practices, although only 65% of them had actual involvement in mangrove planting, 19% in mangrove nursery development and maintenance, and 16% in mangrove plantation maintenance. Challenges in management include low survival rate of planted mangroves (33%), lack of maintenance activity (20%), and lack of funds for mobilization (20%). A chi-square test of independence revealed that both men and women have no significant difference in their involvement in nursery establishment and maintenance, mangrove planting, and plantation management.
文摘A wild rice (BKK) strain showing sterile spikelet and big leaves inhabited at the basin of the Chao Phraya river of Bangkok city, Thailand. The BKK strain was found as a natural triploid and thus its origin has been interested long time. Three different-sized fragments were amplified in RNA polymerase I largest subunit (<i>PolA1</i>) gene, which is a single-copy nuclear gene per haploid genome. Short type (0.14 kb) intron 20 sequence of BKK strain was identical to that of <i>O. rufipogon</i> and <i>O. sativa</i>. Phylogenetic analysis showed that long type (1.5 kb and 1.8 kb) intron 20 sequences of BKK strain were closely related to that of <i>O. longistaminata</i> and <i>O. officinalis</i>, respectively. We analyzed protein tag (Ptag) sequence encoded by exons 19 to 21 of <i>PolA1</i> gene. Determined three Ptag sequences of BKK strain were identical to that of <i>O. rufipogon</i>, <i>O. longistaminata</i>, and <i>O. officinalis</i>, respectively. Relative DNA content of nuclei in <i>O. officinalis</i> and BKK strain was 1.5 and 1.75 times than that in <i>O. sativa</i>, respectively. And BKK strain contained CentO-C1 repeats, which were unique to <i>O. officinalis</i>. These results indicated that BKK strain comprised three genomes of <i>O. rufipogon</i>, <i>O. longistaminata</i>, and <i>O. officinalis</i>.
文摘Background：Shikonin is a major active chemical component extracted from Lithospermi Radix,an effective traditional herb in various types of wound healing.Shikonin can accelerate granulomatous tissue formation by the rat cotton pellet method and induce neovascularization in granulomatous tissue.The purpose of the study was to investigate its mechanism of action in human skin cells.Methods：MTS assay was used to measure cell growth.The collagen type Ⅰ （COL1） mRNA expression and procollagen type Ⅰ C-peptide （PIP） production were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,respectively.Immunofluorescence and western blot analyses were carried out to investigate nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway.Cell-based proteasome activity assay was used to determine proteasome activity.Results：In this study,we found that 10 μmol/L shikonin stimulated the growth of normal human keratinocytes and 1 μmol/L shikonin promoted growth of human dermal fibroblasts.However,shikonin did not directly induce COLI mRNA expression and PIP production in dermal fibroblasts in vitro.In addition,1 μmol/L shikonin inhibited translocation of NF-κB p65 from cytoplasm to nucleus induced by tumor necrosis factor-α stimulation in dermal fibroblasts.Furthermore,shikonin inhibited chymotrypsin-like activity of proteasome and was associated with accumulation ofphosphorylated inhibitor κB-α in dermal fibroblasts.Conclusions：These results suggested that shikonin may promote wound healing via its cell growth promoting activity and suppress skin inflammation via inhibitory activity on proteasome.Thus,shikonin may be a potential therapeutic reagent both in wound healing and inflammatory skin diseases.
基金supported in part by the Joint Transportation Research Program administered by the Indiana Department of Transportation and Purdue University.
文摘The success of the mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide implementation depends largely on a high level of accuracy associated with the information supplied as design inputs.Truck axle load spectra play a critical role in all aspects of the pavement structure design.Inaccurate traffic information will yield an incorrect estimate of pavement thick-ness,which can either make the pavement fail prematurely in the case of under-designed thickness or increase construction cost in the case of over-designed thickness.The primary objective of this study was to create an accurate traffic design input module,and thus to improve the quality of pavement designs.The traffic input module was created with the most recent data to better reflect the axle load spectra for pavement design.The unclassified vehicles by weigh-in-motion devices were analyzed and a neural-network-model-based classification method was utilized to determine the appropriate allocations of unclassified vehicles to truck classes.The updated truck traffic information includes average annual daily truck traffic,truck volume monthly adjustment factors,truck volume lane distribution factors,truck volume directional distribution factors,truck volume class distributions,traffic volume hourly distribution factors,distributions of for single-axle,tandem-axle,tridem-axle,and quad-axle loads,average axle weight,average axle spacing,and average number of axle types.
