Facility records of 320 TB （tuberculosis） patients were examined over a one-year-period; January-December 2009 to ascertain the screening of children under 6 years of age who have had contacts with sputum smear posi...Facility records of 320 TB （tuberculosis） patients were examined over a one-year-period; January-December 2009 to ascertain the screening of children under 6 years of age who have had contacts with sputum smear positive TB patients as stipulated in the NTBLCP （National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Program） guidelines. In addition, semi-structured questionnaires were administered to 28 DOTS （directly-observed treatment strategy） clinicians to elicit information to help explain findings from the analysis of the routine data. Over 60% of children less than 6 years of age who had contacts with TB patients were not investigated in the health facilities included in the survey. The level of educational attainment of DOTS providers was associated with the screening of TB patients＇ contacts （P = 0.008）. Forgetfulness by clinicians to ask for or screen children of TB patients in the facilities is the singular most important factor undermining contact investigation. The proportion of under 6 years TB contacts screened or not screened for TB in the facilities was similar according to the age and gender of TB patients, and the type of health facilities where treatment was accessed by patients （P = 0.325）. The study underscored the need for the state program to evaluate the quality of service provision as well as counseling provided to TB patients at the facilities.展开更多
Through KNCV/TB CARE 1 Project, the first set of 9 Xpert MTB/RIF machines were installed in Nigeria in 2011 with additional 6 machines in 2012 for improved diagnosis of TB and DR-TB in the country. The study assessed ...Through KNCV/TB CARE 1 Project, the first set of 9 Xpert MTB/RIF machines were installed in Nigeria in 2011 with additional 6 machines in 2012 for improved diagnosis of TB and DR-TB in the country. The study assessed the performance of the Xpert MTB/RIF machines over the period of 2011-2012 in various locations and its impact on TB diagnosis among PLHIV （people living with HIV）. A total of 3,725 sputa samples were tested by Xpert MTB/RIF machines. Of these, a total of 463 （12.4%） sputa samples were from PLHIV AFB smears negative suspects. Three hundred and fifty seven （77.0%） sputa samples tested MTB negative, 78 （17.0%） tested MTB positive while 28 （6.0%） samples had error results. This indicated an additional diagnostic yield of about 17.0% over AFB test. Of those that were MTB positives, 5 （6.4%） had resistance to rifampicin. The study shows the need to expand Xpert MTB/RIF services to ART centres as well as to other states of the country to aid early detection and diagnosis of TB in PLHIV patients and MTB Rifampicin resistance cases as well as prevent transmission or resistance strains of YB.展开更多
As a part of an effort to roll back malaria in Nigeria, exploring the use of geographically related tools triggered the use of modern approaches of knowing the spatial distribution of target populations to attain sign...As a part of an effort to roll back malaria in Nigeria, exploring the use of geographically related tools triggered the use of modern approaches of knowing the spatial distribution of target populations to attain significant malaria elimination intervention. GIS tool was used for geographical reconnaissance (GR), providing demographic data on respondents’ household and spatial information on the distribution of households in the selected location. A cross-sectional study design was used to collect spatial data in the two locations, while a quantitative questionnaire was used to collect the household data. The analysis of field data indicated that 49,500 unique households were enumerated and thus included in the Indoor Residual Spraying to prevent malaria infection, covering 424 towns in the two Local Government Areas (LGAs). 383,301 persons were recorded during the GR exercise in Doma and Nassarawa Eggon LGAs out of which 79,339 were children of agesless than five years, with 13,526 pregnant women. Further data analysis revealed that the average number of persons per household in both LGAs was approximately eight. The spatial information from the GR provides a foundation for an updateable database for any future survey for developmental activities in Nigeria. The use of modern GR approach has proved to be accurate, reliable and more cost effective and less cumbersome than the traditional approach in the collection and geo-positioning of household data. Use of Garmin e-Trex GPS handheld instruments to collect household data in the designated areas removed the constraints of expensive Personal Digital Assistants and reduced errors of wrong location coordinates. Several African countries which did not use GR or applied the use of Geospatial tool appropriately had setbacks. The previous study in other countries showed limitations which was characterized by substantial inherent logistical and technical challenges culminating in missed targets. This setback was addressed in our study.展开更多
文摘Facility records of 320 TB （tuberculosis） patients were examined over a one-year-period; January-December 2009 to ascertain the screening of children under 6 years of age who have had contacts with sputum smear positive TB patients as stipulated in the NTBLCP （National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Program） guidelines. In addition, semi-structured questionnaires were administered to 28 DOTS （directly-observed treatment strategy） clinicians to elicit information to help explain findings from the analysis of the routine data. Over 60% of children less than 6 years of age who had contacts with TB patients were not investigated in the health facilities included in the survey. The level of educational attainment of DOTS providers was associated with the screening of TB patients＇ contacts （P = 0.008）. Forgetfulness by clinicians to ask for or screen children of TB patients in the facilities is the singular most important factor undermining contact investigation. The proportion of under 6 years TB contacts screened or not screened for TB in the facilities was similar according to the age and gender of TB patients, and the type of health facilities where treatment was accessed by patients （P = 0.325）. The study underscored the need for the state program to evaluate the quality of service provision as well as counseling provided to TB patients at the facilities.
文摘Through KNCV/TB CARE 1 Project, the first set of 9 Xpert MTB/RIF machines were installed in Nigeria in 2011 with additional 6 machines in 2012 for improved diagnosis of TB and DR-TB in the country. The study assessed the performance of the Xpert MTB/RIF machines over the period of 2011-2012 in various locations and its impact on TB diagnosis among PLHIV （people living with HIV）. A total of 3,725 sputa samples were tested by Xpert MTB/RIF machines. Of these, a total of 463 （12.4%） sputa samples were from PLHIV AFB smears negative suspects. Three hundred and fifty seven （77.0%） sputa samples tested MTB negative, 78 （17.0%） tested MTB positive while 28 （6.0%） samples had error results. This indicated an additional diagnostic yield of about 17.0% over AFB test. Of those that were MTB positives, 5 （6.4%） had resistance to rifampicin. The study shows the need to expand Xpert MTB/RIF services to ART centres as well as to other states of the country to aid early detection and diagnosis of TB in PLHIV patients and MTB Rifampicin resistance cases as well as prevent transmission or resistance strains of YB.
文摘As a part of an effort to roll back malaria in Nigeria, exploring the use of geographically related tools triggered the use of modern approaches of knowing the spatial distribution of target populations to attain significant malaria elimination intervention. GIS tool was used for geographical reconnaissance (GR), providing demographic data on respondents’ household and spatial information on the distribution of households in the selected location. A cross-sectional study design was used to collect spatial data in the two locations, while a quantitative questionnaire was used to collect the household data. The analysis of field data indicated that 49,500 unique households were enumerated and thus included in the Indoor Residual Spraying to prevent malaria infection, covering 424 towns in the two Local Government Areas (LGAs). 383,301 persons were recorded during the GR exercise in Doma and Nassarawa Eggon LGAs out of which 79,339 were children of agesless than five years, with 13,526 pregnant women. Further data analysis revealed that the average number of persons per household in both LGAs was approximately eight. The spatial information from the GR provides a foundation for an updateable database for any future survey for developmental activities in Nigeria. The use of modern GR approach has proved to be accurate, reliable and more cost effective and less cumbersome than the traditional approach in the collection and geo-positioning of household data. Use of Garmin e-Trex GPS handheld instruments to collect household data in the designated areas removed the constraints of expensive Personal Digital Assistants and reduced errors of wrong location coordinates. Several African countries which did not use GR or applied the use of Geospatial tool appropriately had setbacks. The previous study in other countries showed limitations which was characterized by substantial inherent logistical and technical challenges culminating in missed targets. This setback was addressed in our study.
