The rapid advancement of nanotechnology has sparked much interest in applying nanoscale perovskite materials for photodetection applications.These materials are promising candidates for next-generation photodetectors(...The rapid advancement of nanotechnology has sparked much interest in applying nanoscale perovskite materials for photodetection applications.These materials are promising candidates for next-generation photodetectors(PDs)due to their unique optoelectronic properties and flexible synthesis routes.This review explores the approaches used in the development and use of optoelectronic devices made of different nanoscale perovskite architectures,including quantum dots,nanosheets,nanorods,nanowires,and nanocrystals.Through a thorough analysis of recent literature,the review also addresses common issues like the mechanisms underlying the degradation of perovskite PDs and offers perspectives on potential solutions to improve stability and scalability that impede widespread implementation.In addition,it highlights that photodetection encompasses the detection of light fields in dimensions other than light intensity and suggests potential avenues for future research to overcome these obstacles and fully realize the potential of nanoscale perovskite materials in state-of-the-art photodetection systems.This review provides a comprehensive overview of nanoscale perovskite PDs and guides future research efforts towards improved performance and wider applicability,making it a valuable resource for researchers.展开更多
In this study,injectable bone graft putty samples were developed using fine and coarse melt-quenched 45S5 bioactive glass(BG)incorporated into a carrier system composed of glycerol and polyethylene glycol(PEG)with dif...In this study,injectable bone graft putty samples were developed using fine and coarse melt-quenched 45S5 bioactive glass(BG)incorporated into a carrier system composed of glycerol and polyethylene glycol(PEG)with different average molecular weights.Selected putty samples were further incorporated with varying amounts of Denosumab(5wt%-10wt%)to investigate its influence on rhe-ological behavior and flow properties using mathematical modeling.All PEG/glycerol/45S5-based putty samples exhibited viscoelastic behavior(storage modulus>loss modulus)and pseudoplastic behavior(n<1),with viscosity values required for optimal flow remaining below 1000 Pa∙s.Both viscosity and thixotropic area increased proportionally with higher BG content and smaller-sized BG particles.All putty samples showed more than 98%injectability through a 12G cannula,suggesting potential clinical suitability.However,injectability decreased with smaller cannulas,dropping to 34.7%-58.3%with a 19G cannula and further decreasing with a 23G cannula at higher BG contents.Incorporation of Denosumab preserved viscoelasticity and injectability but modified the flow behavior,shifting it from pseudo-plastic to more Newtonian with higher Denosumab content,while also reducing viscosity and thixotropic area values.Among all tested samples,putty containing a lower amount of Denosumab and smaller-sized BG exhibited the most suitable combination of injectability and rheological features.All putty samples were well described by both the Power law and Herschel-Bulkley rheological models(coeffi-cient of determination>0.95).This study highlights the influence of Denosumab on flowability and rheological relationships and sug-gests potential improvements in bioactivity through a dual synergistic effect of BG and Denosumab in minimally invasive bone graft sys-tems.展开更多
In a re-examination of the Neogene stratigraphy of the Uşak,Güre,and Selendi basins of western Anatolia,western Turkey,the stratigraphic position of the previously definedİnay Group is revised,which was previousl...In a re-examination of the Neogene stratigraphy of the Uşak,Güre,and Selendi basins of western Anatolia,western Turkey,the stratigraphic position of the previously definedİnay Group is revised,which was previously considered to be of the Middle Miocene age.Based on mammalian biochronology and stratigraphic relationships,two sequences are identified,separated by conformable/transitional contacts within the former group:the Middle Miocene Güre Group is composed of the FakılıFormation,characterized by alluvial fan deposits,and the lacustrine Derbent Formation.Radiometric dating of alkaline volcanics laterally associated with Güre Group sediments in the Uşak and Güre basins,and mammalian fossils re-evaluated into the MN5-6 biozones in the Selendi Basin,indicate early Middle Miocene.Considering the stratigraphic relationship with the overlying early Late Mioceneİnay Group as redefined,we estimate that the Güre Group was deposited in the Middle Miocene.Theİnay Group is characterized by a lateral-vertical transition from alluvial deposits of the Ahmetler Formation to the overlying lacustrine Ulubey Formation.An MN9-10 fauna,containing deinotheres,was found within the latter formation.展开更多
Adenomatous polyposis coli(APC)mutations are the most frequently identified genetic alteration in sporadic colorectal cancer(CRC)cases,and a myriad of genetically engineered Apc-mutant CRC mouse models have been devel...Adenomatous polyposis coli(APC)mutations are the most frequently identified genetic alteration in sporadic colorectal cancer(CRC)cases,and a myriad of genetically engineered Apc-mutant CRC mouse models have been developed using various genetic manipulation techniques.The advent of the CRISPR/Cas9 system has revolutionized the field of genetic engineering and facilitated the development of new genetically engineered mouse models.In this study,we aimed to develop a novel Apc knockout allele using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and evaluate the phenotypic effects of this new allele in two different mouse strains.For this purpose,exon 16 of mouse Apc gene was targeted with a single-guide RNA,and the mouse carrying an Apc frameshift mutation at codon 750(^(Δ750))was chosen as the founder.The mutant FVB-Apc^(Δ750)mice were backcrossed with wild-type C57BL/6 mice,and the phenotypic effects of the knockout allele were evaluated in F8-FVB-Apc^(Δ750),F4-B6;FVB-Apc^(Δ750),and F1-B6;FVB-Apc^(Δ750)by a macroscopic and microscopic examination of the gastrointestinal system.The result showed that the mean polyp number was significantly higher in F4-BL6;FVB-Apc^(Δ750)than in F8-FVB-Apc^(Δ750).Intestinal polyposis was more prominent in F4-BL6;FVB-Apc^(Δ750),whereas a higher number of colon polyps than intestinal polyps were observed in F8-FVB-Apc^(Δ750).Additionally,F1-BL6;FVB-Apc^(Δ750)mixed background mice developed gastric polyps that morphologically resembled the pyloric gland adenoma of humans.In conclusion,we developed a novel CRISPR-mediated Apc knockout allele using two mouse strains.We showed that this allele can exert a strainspecific effect on the phenotype of mice and can cause gastric polyp formation.展开更多
Rare earth(RE)doped ferrites with the chemical formula Cu_(0.3)Zn_(0.3)Mg_(0.4)T_(x)Fe_(2-x)O_(4)(x=0,0.1;T=La,Ce,Sr)were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method.The structural,optical,electrical and humidity ...Rare earth(RE)doped ferrites with the chemical formula Cu_(0.3)Zn_(0.3)Mg_(0.4)T_(x)Fe_(2-x)O_(4)(x=0,0.1;T=La,Ce,Sr)were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method.The structural,optical,electrical and humidity sensing properties of Cu-Mg-Zn ferrites with rare earth element doping were investigated.Single-phase cubic spinel structure was confirmed via X-ray diffraction(XRD),and the crystal size ranges fro m 22.12 to 63.17 nm according to the Scherrer formula and from 25.66 to 67.46 nm according to the Williamson-Hall method.Po rous structure and elemental characterization of the samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The optic band gap varies between 2.21 and 2.49 eV.Electrical measurements were conducted in the frequency range of 1 Hz-20 MHz and temperature range of 25-400℃.It has been determined that the dielectric results are consistent with the Maxwell-Wagner method and exhibit a non-Debye relaxation model,as observed from the Nyquist plots.At a minimum frequency value of 1 Hz,the dielectric constants for pure,Ce,Sr,and La samples are 9×10^(4),5×10^(4),1×10^(8),and 2×10^(5) at 25℃,and 1.85×10^(8),1.34×10^(8),1.15×10^(10),and 4.4×10^(8)at 400℃.In the same order,for the maximum frequency value of 20 MHz,the dielectric constants at 25℃are 169,166,3799,and 60,while at 400℃they are 734,624,12108,and 774.The La doped sample's low dielectric loss makes it suitable for high-frequency applications.Humidity measurements were performed at room temperature and in the 5%-95%relative humidity range.The humidity properties of the samples were investigated through humidity mapping,sensitivity,hysteresis,and long-term stability tests.Compared to other samples,the results indicate that Ce exhibits better humidity performance with 99%sensitivity and the highest repeatability(91.2%).These results show that Ce-doped ferrite can be used as a low-cost,high-performance humidity sensor.展开更多
The nearest GRB 170817A provided an opportunity to probe the angular structure of the jet of this short gamma-ray burst(SGRB),by using its off-axis observed afterglow emission.It is investigated whether the afterglow-...The nearest GRB 170817A provided an opportunity to probe the angular structure of the jet of this short gamma-ray burst(SGRB),by using its off-axis observed afterglow emission.It is investigated whether the afterglow-constrained jet structures can be consistent with the luminosity of the prompt emission of GRB 170817A.Furthermore,by assuming that all SGRBs,including GRB 170817A,have the same explosive mechanism and jet structure,we apply the different jet structures to the calculation of the flux and redshift distributions of the SGRB population,confronting them with the observational distributions of the Swift and Fermi sources.In comparison,it is found that the power-law and double-Gaussian models could be somewhat more favored than the single-Gaussian structure,as the last one could not be very consistent with the flux distribution of the Fermi data.Nevertheless,in view of the large uncertainty of parameters,we are still unable to make a suffciently conclusive judgement at present.展开更多
Neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs)are highly heterogeneous and potentially malignant tumors arising from secretory cells of the neuroendocrine system.Gastroenteropancreatic NENs(GEP-NENs)are the most common subtype of NEN...Neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs)are highly heterogeneous and potentially malignant tumors arising from secretory cells of the neuroendocrine system.Gastroenteropancreatic NENs(GEP-NENs)are the most common subtype of NENs.Historically,GEP-NENs have been regarded as infrequent and slow-growing malignancies;however,recent data have demonstrated that the worldwide prevalence and incidence of GEP-NENs have increased exponentially over the last three decades.In addition,an increasing number of studies have proven that GEP-NENs result in a limited life expectancy.These findings suggested that the natural biology of GEP-NENs is more aggressive than commonly assumed.Therefore,there is an urgent need for advanced researches focusing on the diagnosis and management of patients with GEP-NENs.In this review,we have summarized the limitations and recent advancements in our comprehension of the epidemiology,clinical presentations,pathology,molecular biology,diagnosis,and treatment of GEP-NETs to identify factors contributing to delays in diagnosis and timely treatment of these patients.展开更多
Membrane bioreactors(MBRs)have been and will continue playing an important role in industrial wastewater treatment and reuse in China.The sustainable development of MBR technology in its mature-application stage requi...Membrane bioreactors(MBRs)have been and will continue playing an important role in industrial wastewater treatment and reuse in China.The sustainable development of MBR technology in its mature-application stage requires reciprocal interactions between engineering and research participants.Thus,in this study,a total of 182 large-scale MBR projects treating industrial wastewater(with individual treatment capacities5000 m3d1)commissioned and under construction from 2003 to 2019 were analyzed comprehensively.Fast growth of the cumulative treatment capacity was observed,with extension to diverse industries,and the super large-scale was enhanced recently.The treatment processes,pollutant removal efficiencies,and actual operational parameters were summarized regarding the particularity of industrial wastewater compared to municipal wastewater.Economic features including the total investment costs of the projects,their total footprint,and their operational energy consumption were analyzed as well.A vigorous MBR market has formed in China with the fast development of membrane elements and engineering suppliers,continuously increasing official oriented projects,and responsive and innovative business modes.MBR technology has been mostly applied in specific economic zones and water-deficient areas,but its widespread use all over China is foreseeable considering the vast future market for industrial wastewater treatment and recycling.The policy–economy and market–technology driving forces revealed that MBR is consistent with the national development demand.According to the survey and analysis,prospective development in both engineering and research aspects of MBR is proposed to maintain its competitive edge.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the relationship between Helicobacter pyiori（H pylori） infection, microsatellite instability and the expressions of the p53 in gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and gastric adenocarcinoma and to ...AIM： To investigate the relationship between Helicobacter pyiori（H pylori） infection, microsatellite instability and the expressions of the p53 in gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and gastric adenocarcinoma and to elucidate the mechanism of gastric carcinogenesis relating to Hpyloriinfection. METHODS： One hundred and eight endoscopic biopsies and gastric adenocarcinoma were available for the study including 33 cases of normal, 45 cases of gastritis, 30 cases of intestinal metaplasia, and 46 cases of gastric adenocardnoma. Peripheral blood samples of these patients were also collected. Hpyloriinfection and p53 expressions were detected by means of streptavidin-peroxidase （SP）immunohistochemical method. Microsatellite loci were studied by PCR-SSCP-CE using the markers BAT-26,D17S261, D3S1283, D2S123, and D3S1611. NSI was defined as the peak shift in the DNA of the gastric tissue compared with that of the peripheral blood samples. Based on the number of mutated MSI markers, specimens were charac-terized as high MSI （MSI-H） if they manifested instability at two or more markers, low MSI （MSI-L） if unstable at only one marker, and microsatellite stable （MSS） if they showed no instability at any marker.RESULTS： H pylori infection was detected in the samples of gastritis, intestinal metaptasia, and gastric adenocarcinoma and the infection frequencies were 84.4%, 76.7%, and 65.2%, respectively, whereas no Hpyloriinfection was detected in the samples of normal control. There was as ignificant difference in the infection rates between gastritis and carcinoma samples （P = 0.035）. No MSI was detected in gasbitis samples, one MSI-H and two MSI-L were detected among the 30 intestinal metaplasia samples, and 12 MSI-H and 3 MSI-L were detected in the 46 gastric carcinomas. In those gastric cardnomas, the MSI-H frequency in Hpylori-positive group was significantly higher than that in Hpylori-negative group. No p53 expression was detected in the normal and gastritis samples from dyspeptic patients. P53-positive immunohistochemical staining was detected in 13.3% of intestinal metaplasia samples and in 43.5% of gastric carcinoma samples. The levels of p53 in Hpylori-positive samples were higher than those in the negative group when the carcinoma samples were subdivided into H pylori-positive and -negative groups （P = 0.013）. Eight samples were detected with positive p53 expression out of the 11 MSI-H carcinomas with Hpyloriinfection and no p53 expression could be seen in the Hpylori-negativesamples.CONCLUSION： H py/ori affect the p53 pattern in gastric mucosa when MMR system fails to work. Mutations of the p53 gene seem to be an early event in gastric carcinogenesis.展开更多
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Histopathology plays an important part in determining the treatment strategy for women with breast cancer. GSTP1 plays an important role in protecting cell...Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Histopathology plays an important part in determining the treatment strategy for women with breast cancer. GSTP1 plays an important role in protecting cells from cytotoxic and carcinogenic agents and it is expressed in normal tissues at variable levels in different cell types. CDH1 plays a critical role for establishment and maintenance of polarity and differentiation of epithelium during the development period. Also, it plays an important role in signal transduction, differentiation, gene expression, cellmotility and inflammations. Methods: In this study the promoter methylation levels of GSTP1 and CDH1 gene which are associated with breast cancer were investigated by technique of Methylation Sensitive High Resolution Melting Analysis (MS-HRM). We analysed primary tumor core biopsies from 80 high-risk primary breast cancer patients (tumors ≥ 2 cm and/or lymphatic metastase and/or distant metastases and/or under 40 years). Also the patients’ histopathologic types were associated with the methylation levels. Results: In our study the promoter hypermethylation status was observed at different rates;GSTP1 and CDH1 hypermethylation frequencies were 82% and 95% respectively. The promoter hypermethylation levels of the genes were found to be significant with lymph node positivity, ER positivity and HER2/neu negativity. Conclusion: Our study is important as being the first study that analyzes association between histopathologic type and GSTP1 and CDH1 gene promotor methylation status in Turkish population.展开更多
This research discusses the separation of methane gas from three different gas mixtures,CH4/H2 S,CH4/N2 and CH4/CO2,using a modified silicon carbide nanosheet(Si CNS)membrane using both molecular dynamics(MD)and compu...This research discusses the separation of methane gas from three different gas mixtures,CH4/H2 S,CH4/N2 and CH4/CO2,using a modified silicon carbide nanosheet(Si CNS)membrane using both molecular dynamics(MD)and computational fluid dynamics(CFD)methods.The research examines the effects of different structures of the Si CNSs on the separation of these gas mixtures.Various parameters including the potential of the mean force,separation factor,permeation rate,selectivity and diffusivity are discussed in detail.Our MD simulations showed that the separation of CH4/H2 S,and CH4/CO2 mixtures was successful,while simulation demonstrated a poor result for the CH4/N2 mixture.The effect of temperature on the diffusivity of gas is also discussed,and a correlation is introduced for diffusivity as a function of temperature.The evaluated value for diffusivity is then used in the CFD method to investigate the permeation rate of gas mixtures.展开更多
This paper presents the plasma polymerization of poly（hexafluorobutyl acrylate）（PHFBA） thin films on different substrates in an RF plasma reactor with an outer planar electrode. This reactor configuration allows？...This paper presents the plasma polymerization of poly（hexafluorobutyl acrylate）（PHFBA） thin films on different substrates in an RF plasma reactor with an outer planar electrode. This reactor configuration allows？large area uniformity and fast processing times. Deposition rates of up to60 nm min-1were observed. The influence？of plasma power and substrate temperature on the？deposition rate, structure and wettability of the as-deposited films was？investigated. It was observed that better hydrophobicity was obtained at high plasma power and in low temperature conditions. PHFBA thin films deposited on electrospun poly（acrylonitrile） fiber mats under such conditions resulted in superhydrophobic surfaces with？contact angle values greater than 150°.In？vitro cell studies using human epithelial cells demonstrated the non-toxic nature of the？plasma-polymerized PHFBA films.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the molecular effects ofNerium oleanderleaf distillate on paclitaxel and vincristine resistant(MCF-7/Pac and MCF-7/Vinc)cells and sensitive(MCF-7/S)cell lines.Methods:Nerium oleander(N.oleande...Objective:To investigate the molecular effects ofNerium oleanderleaf distillate on paclitaxel and vincristine resistant(MCF-7/Pac and MCF-7/Vinc)cells and sensitive(MCF-7/S)cell lines.Methods:Nerium oleander(N.oleander)leaf extract was obtained by hydrodistillation method.The toxicological effects ofN.oleanderdistillate,previously suggested as medicinal food supplement,on drug resistant cells were evaluated by XTT tests.MDR modulation potential of the plant material was evaluated by flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy.Paclitaxel and vincristine were applied to the sublines in combination with N.oleanderdistillate.Results:Fractional inhibitory indices show thatN.oleanderdistillate did not increase the antiproliferative effects of anticancer drugs.N.oleandertreatment in to MCF-7/Pac and MCF-7/Vinc did not inhibit P-gp activity and MDR1 gene expression level.Conclusions:As a result it may be suggested that althoughN.oleanderdistillate has some medicinal effects as food supplement it may not be suitable as an MDR modulator for drug resistant breast cancer cells.展开更多
This study focused on the comparison of the Pechini and sugar-based combustion synthesis methods to produce nano-zirconia. Zirconium hydroxide was utilized as metal precursor and citric acid, sucrose, and fructose wer...This study focused on the comparison of the Pechini and sugar-based combustion synthesis methods to produce nano-zirconia. Zirconium hydroxide was utilized as metal precursor and citric acid, sucrose, and fructose were used as chelating agents, followed by calcination at 500, 600, and 700°C in air, respectively. Characterization was conducted by thermal analysis, specific surface area measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. When sucrose and citric acid were used as chelating agents during synthesis, mixtures of monoclinic and tetragonal phases were formed after calcination at 600 and 700°C. In the fructose samples, the tetragonal structure was the unique characterized phase. The tetragonal parameters in the fructose samples were determined using the diffraction data and the lattice parameter ratio was proven to increase with the temperature increase. Compared with the citrate and sucrose samples, the largest specific surface area(27 m2·g-1) and smallest particle size(39.1 nm) were obtained for the fructose sample after calcination at 700°C. The study revealed the formation of single-phase stabilized tetragonal zirconia using fructose as chelating agent after calcination at 500°C, and the presence and formation mechanism of stabilized tetragonal phase were also discussed on the basis of the X-ray and electron diffraction studies.展开更多
Single-cell multi-Omics(SCM-Omics)and spatial multi-Omics(SM-Omics)technologies provide state-of-the-art methods for exploring the composition and function of cell types in tissues/organs.Since its emergence in 2009,s...Single-cell multi-Omics(SCM-Omics)and spatial multi-Omics(SM-Omics)technologies provide state-of-the-art methods for exploring the composition and function of cell types in tissues/organs.Since its emergence in 2009,single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)has yielded many groundbreaking new discoveries.The combination of this method with the emergence and development of SM-Omics techniques has been a pioneering strategy in neuroscience,developmental biology,and cancer research,especially for assessing tumor heterogeneity and T-cell infiltration.In recent years,the application of these methods in the study of metabolic diseases has also increased.The emerging SCM-Omics and SM-Omics approaches allow the molecular and spatial analysis of cells to explore regulatory states and determine cell fate,and thus provide promising tools for unraveling heterogeneous metabolic processes and making them amenable to intervention.Here,we review the evolution of SCM-Omics and SM-Omics technologies,and describe the progress in the application of SCM-Omics and SM-Omics in metabolism-related diseases,including obesity,diabetes,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and cardiovascular disease(CVD).We also conclude that the application of SCM-Omics and SM-Omics approaches can help resolve the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases in the body and facilitate therapeutic measures for metabolism-related diseases.This review concludes with an overview of the current status of this emerging field and the outlook for its future.展开更多
Bituminous rocks in the Ozankoey （Ankara） field are different from those of the Paleocene- Eocene Mengen and Giineytepe （Bolu） regions in metal enrichment levels. Organic carbon （Corg） content of organic materia...Bituminous rocks in the Ozankoey （Ankara） field are different from those of the Paleocene- Eocene Mengen and Giineytepe （Bolu） regions in metal enrichment levels. Organic carbon （Corg） content of organic material-rich rocks in the Ozankoey （Ankara） field is 3.66-40.72% wt averaging 14.34%. The dominant organic materials are algae/amorphous accompanied by minor amount of herbaceous material （The dominant kerogen type is Type-I with a limited amount of Type-Ⅱ kerogen.）. The bituminous rocks in the Ozankoey field are enriched in heavy metals such as Ni, Mn, As and Cr. In comparison with the average enrichment values of dements, Ni, Mn, As and Cr in bituminous shales of the Ozankoey field are as about 4.38, 14.93, 10.90 and 5.58 times as average values. The average concentrations of these heavy metals are also as high as 215× 10^-6, 828 × 10^-6, 58.54 × 10^-6, and 148 × 10^-6 respectively. In addition, sorption properties of day and organic materials are also important for metal enrichments in the bituminous shales.展开更多
The present work is concerned with a two-dimensional(2D)Stokes flow through a channel bounded by two parallel solid walls.The distance between the walls may be arbitrary,and the surface of one of the walls can be arbi...The present work is concerned with a two-dimensional(2D)Stokes flow through a channel bounded by two parallel solid walls.The distance between the walls may be arbitrary,and the surface of one of the walls can be arbitrarily rough.The main objective of this work consists in homogenizing the heterogeneous interface between the rough wall and fluid so as to obtain an equivalent smooth slippery fluid/solid interface characterized by an effective slip length.To solve the corresponding problem,two efficient numerical approaches are elaborated on the basis of the method of fundamental solution(MFS)and the boundary element methods(BEMs).They are applied to different cases where the fluid/solid interface is periodically or randomly rough.The results obtained by the proposed two methods are compared with those given by the finite element method and some relevant ones reported in the literature.This comparison shows that the two proposed methods are particularly efficient and accurate.展开更多
Boronic acid compounds with different substituted groups were handled to synthesize various ligands encoded as B1, B2, B3, B4, BS, B6, B7 and BS. B5 and B7 were tested for the cytotoxic activity against the prostate c...Boronic acid compounds with different substituted groups were handled to synthesize various ligands encoded as B1, B2, B3, B4, BS, B6, B7 and BS. B5 and B7 were tested for the cytotoxic activity against the prostate cancer cells and it was found that the cell viability of cancer cells was decreased while most of the healthy cells could still be viable. 5 μM solutions of B5 and B7 decreased the cell viability to 33% and 44%; whereas healthy cells were 71% and 95%, respectively, after treatment. Antimicrobial properties were explored against the bacterial and fungal microorganisms with B1, B5 and BZ The inhibition zones were evaluated for all boronic structures, and the growth inhibition zones were determined in a range of 7-13 mm diameter for different microorganism species. Staphylococcus aureus was the common micro- organism that three boronic compounds with imine ligands showed the activity. Antioxidant features of B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7 and B8 were investigated by different processes such as Beta-carotene bleaching （BCB）, 2,2-diphenyl picryl hydrazyl （DPPH）, 2,2″-azino-bis（ 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid） （ABTS） and CUPric reducing antioxidant capacity （CLIPRAC） methods. Significant antioxidant activity was achieved by the phenyl boronic based ligands and these compounds demonstrated as much activity as standards （α-Toc and BHT）. In addition, all structures were applied properly without any decomposition during the experiments. They were rather stable both in aqueous media and solid state.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the effects of soluble factors secreted by acute myeloid leukemia （AML） cells on the phenotypical and functional properties of DCs derived from normal mononuclear cells. Methods： Mononucl...Objective： To investigate the effects of soluble factors secreted by acute myeloid leukemia （AML） cells on the phenotypical and functional properties of DCs derived from normal mononuclear cells. Methods： Mononuclear cells were cultured with interleukin-4 （IL-4） and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor （GM-CSF）, in the presence or absence of 24 h culture supematants from fresh pdmary AML cells, to generate immature DCs. The maturation of DCs was induced by cytokines IL-lbeta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-alpha）, and prostaglandin-2 （PGE-2）. The phenotypic alterations of DCs and DCs-primed CD4＋ T cells were evaluated using flow cytometry. Precursor frequency （PF） was calculated to monitor the allostimulatory effects of DCs on CD4^＋ and CD8^＋ T cells. Results：AML cell supernatant-treated DCs showed significantly lower expression of co-stimulatory molecules CDS0 and CD86, and reduced response to cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and PGE-2. The allostimulatory effects of AML cell supematant-treated DCs on CD4^＋ and CD8^＋ T cells were significantly lower than those of normal mature DCs [PF： （1.8 ±0.5）% vs. （5.2 ± 1.6）% for CD4^＋ T cells, （2.1 ±0.6）% vs. （6.5 ± 2.0）% for CD8^＋ T cells, P 〈 0.01]. These AML supernatantoinduced DCs could also induce allogeneic CD4^＋ T cells to differentiate into CD4^＋CD25high T cells, which had immunophenotyping characteristics of regulatory T cells, i.e. they expressed Foxp3 but not active maker CD69. Conclusion： This study demonstrates that soluble factors secreted by AML cells can inhibit development and functions of DCs. In addition, AML supernatant-induced DCs can induce the generation of CD4^＋CD25^high T cells from CD4^＋ T cells, which may be a mechanism of increased prevalence of CD4^＋CD25^high regulatory T cells and immune dysfunction in AML patients.展开更多
Herein, some fundamental open questions on engineering of “super” hydrogen sorption (storage) in carbonaceous nanomaterials are considered, namely: 1) on thermodynamic stability and related characteristics of some h...Herein, some fundamental open questions on engineering of “super” hydrogen sorption (storage) in carbonaceous nanomaterials are considered, namely: 1) on thermodynamic stability and related characteristics of some hydrogenated graphene layers nanostructures: relevance to the hydrogen storage problem;2) determination of thermodynamic characteristics of graphene hydrides;3) a treatment and interpretation of some recent STM, STS, HREELS/LEED, PES, ARPS and Raman spectroscopy data on hydrogensorbtion with epitaxial graphenes;4) on the physics of intercalation of hydrogen into surface graphene-like nanoblisters in pyrolytic graphite and epitaxial graphenes;5) on the physics of the elastic and plastic deformation of graphene walls in hydrogenated graphite nanofibers;6) on the physics of engineering of “super” hydrogen sorption (storage) in carbonaceous nanomaterials, in the light of analysis of the Rodriguez-Baker extraordinary data and some others. These fundamental open questions may be solved within several years.展开更多
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.RS-2022–00165798)Anhui Natural Science Foundation(No.2308085MF211)The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University for funding this work through Large Research Project under Grant Number(R.G.P.2/491/45).
文摘The rapid advancement of nanotechnology has sparked much interest in applying nanoscale perovskite materials for photodetection applications.These materials are promising candidates for next-generation photodetectors(PDs)due to their unique optoelectronic properties and flexible synthesis routes.This review explores the approaches used in the development and use of optoelectronic devices made of different nanoscale perovskite architectures,including quantum dots,nanosheets,nanorods,nanowires,and nanocrystals.Through a thorough analysis of recent literature,the review also addresses common issues like the mechanisms underlying the degradation of perovskite PDs and offers perspectives on potential solutions to improve stability and scalability that impede widespread implementation.In addition,it highlights that photodetection encompasses the detection of light fields in dimensions other than light intensity and suggests potential avenues for future research to overcome these obstacles and fully realize the potential of nanoscale perovskite materials in state-of-the-art photodetection systems.This review provides a comprehensive overview of nanoscale perovskite PDs and guides future research efforts towards improved performance and wider applicability,making it a valuable resource for researchers.
基金supported by Yildiz Technical University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit under project number FBA-2023-5377support from the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey(TUBITAK)under the BIDEB/2211-A National PhD Scholarship Program and 2250-Performance-Based Scholarships Program for PhD.
文摘In this study,injectable bone graft putty samples were developed using fine and coarse melt-quenched 45S5 bioactive glass(BG)incorporated into a carrier system composed of glycerol and polyethylene glycol(PEG)with different average molecular weights.Selected putty samples were further incorporated with varying amounts of Denosumab(5wt%-10wt%)to investigate its influence on rhe-ological behavior and flow properties using mathematical modeling.All PEG/glycerol/45S5-based putty samples exhibited viscoelastic behavior(storage modulus>loss modulus)and pseudoplastic behavior(n<1),with viscosity values required for optimal flow remaining below 1000 Pa∙s.Both viscosity and thixotropic area increased proportionally with higher BG content and smaller-sized BG particles.All putty samples showed more than 98%injectability through a 12G cannula,suggesting potential clinical suitability.However,injectability decreased with smaller cannulas,dropping to 34.7%-58.3%with a 19G cannula and further decreasing with a 23G cannula at higher BG contents.Incorporation of Denosumab preserved viscoelasticity and injectability but modified the flow behavior,shifting it from pseudo-plastic to more Newtonian with higher Denosumab content,while also reducing viscosity and thixotropic area values.Among all tested samples,putty containing a lower amount of Denosumab and smaller-sized BG exhibited the most suitable combination of injectability and rheological features.All putty samples were well described by both the Power law and Herschel-Bulkley rheological models(coeffi-cient of determination>0.95).This study highlights the influence of Denosumab on flowability and rheological relationships and sug-gests potential improvements in bioactivity through a dual synergistic effect of BG and Denosumab in minimally invasive bone graft sys-tems.
基金the framework of projects coded 97-20A and 9815 by the General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (Ankara, Türkiye)
文摘In a re-examination of the Neogene stratigraphy of the Uşak,Güre,and Selendi basins of western Anatolia,western Turkey,the stratigraphic position of the previously definedİnay Group is revised,which was previously considered to be of the Middle Miocene age.Based on mammalian biochronology and stratigraphic relationships,two sequences are identified,separated by conformable/transitional contacts within the former group:the Middle Miocene Güre Group is composed of the FakılıFormation,characterized by alluvial fan deposits,and the lacustrine Derbent Formation.Radiometric dating of alkaline volcanics laterally associated with Güre Group sediments in the Uşak and Güre basins,and mammalian fossils re-evaluated into the MN5-6 biozones in the Selendi Basin,indicate early Middle Miocene.Considering the stratigraphic relationship with the overlying early Late Mioceneİnay Group as redefined,we estimate that the Güre Group was deposited in the Middle Miocene.Theİnay Group is characterized by a lateral-vertical transition from alluvial deposits of the Ahmetler Formation to the overlying lacustrine Ulubey Formation.An MN9-10 fauna,containing deinotheres,was found within the latter formation.
基金The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey 1001 program,Grant/Award Number:SBAG-215S926。
文摘Adenomatous polyposis coli(APC)mutations are the most frequently identified genetic alteration in sporadic colorectal cancer(CRC)cases,and a myriad of genetically engineered Apc-mutant CRC mouse models have been developed using various genetic manipulation techniques.The advent of the CRISPR/Cas9 system has revolutionized the field of genetic engineering and facilitated the development of new genetically engineered mouse models.In this study,we aimed to develop a novel Apc knockout allele using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and evaluate the phenotypic effects of this new allele in two different mouse strains.For this purpose,exon 16 of mouse Apc gene was targeted with a single-guide RNA,and the mouse carrying an Apc frameshift mutation at codon 750(^(Δ750))was chosen as the founder.The mutant FVB-Apc^(Δ750)mice were backcrossed with wild-type C57BL/6 mice,and the phenotypic effects of the knockout allele were evaluated in F8-FVB-Apc^(Δ750),F4-B6;FVB-Apc^(Δ750),and F1-B6;FVB-Apc^(Δ750)by a macroscopic and microscopic examination of the gastrointestinal system.The result showed that the mean polyp number was significantly higher in F4-BL6;FVB-Apc^(Δ750)than in F8-FVB-Apc^(Δ750).Intestinal polyposis was more prominent in F4-BL6;FVB-Apc^(Δ750),whereas a higher number of colon polyps than intestinal polyps were observed in F8-FVB-Apc^(Δ750).Additionally,F1-BL6;FVB-Apc^(Δ750)mixed background mice developed gastric polyps that morphologically resembled the pyloric gland adenoma of humans.In conclusion,we developed a novel CRISPR-mediated Apc knockout allele using two mouse strains.We showed that this allele can exert a strainspecific effect on the phenotype of mice and can cause gastric polyp formation.
基金supported by the Ondokuz Mayis University Project Number PYO.MUH.1901.21.001。
文摘Rare earth(RE)doped ferrites with the chemical formula Cu_(0.3)Zn_(0.3)Mg_(0.4)T_(x)Fe_(2-x)O_(4)(x=0,0.1;T=La,Ce,Sr)were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method.The structural,optical,electrical and humidity sensing properties of Cu-Mg-Zn ferrites with rare earth element doping were investigated.Single-phase cubic spinel structure was confirmed via X-ray diffraction(XRD),and the crystal size ranges fro m 22.12 to 63.17 nm according to the Scherrer formula and from 25.66 to 67.46 nm according to the Williamson-Hall method.Po rous structure and elemental characterization of the samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The optic band gap varies between 2.21 and 2.49 eV.Electrical measurements were conducted in the frequency range of 1 Hz-20 MHz and temperature range of 25-400℃.It has been determined that the dielectric results are consistent with the Maxwell-Wagner method and exhibit a non-Debye relaxation model,as observed from the Nyquist plots.At a minimum frequency value of 1 Hz,the dielectric constants for pure,Ce,Sr,and La samples are 9×10^(4),5×10^(4),1×10^(8),and 2×10^(5) at 25℃,and 1.85×10^(8),1.34×10^(8),1.15×10^(10),and 4.4×10^(8)at 400℃.In the same order,for the maximum frequency value of 20 MHz,the dielectric constants at 25℃are 169,166,3799,and 60,while at 400℃they are 734,624,12108,and 774.The La doped sample's low dielectric loss makes it suitable for high-frequency applications.Humidity measurements were performed at room temperature and in the 5%-95%relative humidity range.The humidity properties of the samples were investigated through humidity mapping,sensitivity,hysteresis,and long-term stability tests.Compared to other samples,the results indicate that Ce exhibits better humidity performance with 99%sensitivity and the highest repeatability(91.2%).These results show that Ce-doped ferrite can be used as a low-cost,high-performance humidity sensor.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA0718500)the China Manned Spaced Project(CMS-CSST-2021-A12)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.12393811,U1838203,and11803007)Hubei Provincial Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of China(T2021026)。
文摘The nearest GRB 170817A provided an opportunity to probe the angular structure of the jet of this short gamma-ray burst(SGRB),by using its off-axis observed afterglow emission.It is investigated whether the afterglow-constrained jet structures can be consistent with the luminosity of the prompt emission of GRB 170817A.Furthermore,by assuming that all SGRBs,including GRB 170817A,have the same explosive mechanism and jet structure,we apply the different jet structures to the calculation of the flux and redshift distributions of the SGRB population,confronting them with the observational distributions of the Swift and Fermi sources.In comparison,it is found that the power-law and double-Gaussian models could be somewhat more favored than the single-Gaussian structure,as the last one could not be very consistent with the flux distribution of the Fermi data.Nevertheless,in view of the large uncertainty of parameters,we are still unable to make a suffciently conclusive judgement at present.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82104596)the Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline Construction Fund&Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(SZSM202111002)+1 种基金the Medicine-Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Foundation of Shenzhen University(2023YG019)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(GJHZ20220913143005010)。
文摘Neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs)are highly heterogeneous and potentially malignant tumors arising from secretory cells of the neuroendocrine system.Gastroenteropancreatic NENs(GEP-NENs)are the most common subtype of NENs.Historically,GEP-NENs have been regarded as infrequent and slow-growing malignancies;however,recent data have demonstrated that the worldwide prevalence and incidence of GEP-NENs have increased exponentially over the last three decades.In addition,an increasing number of studies have proven that GEP-NENs result in a limited life expectancy.These findings suggested that the natural biology of GEP-NENs is more aggressive than commonly assumed.Therefore,there is an urgent need for advanced researches focusing on the diagnosis and management of patients with GEP-NENs.In this review,we have summarized the limitations and recent advancements in our comprehension of the epidemiology,clinical presentations,pathology,molecular biology,diagnosis,and treatment of GEP-NETs to identify factors contributing to delays in diagnosis and timely treatment of these patients.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L182044)the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(MIIT)Project(2017LSZZ001-003)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2019172).
文摘Membrane bioreactors(MBRs)have been and will continue playing an important role in industrial wastewater treatment and reuse in China.The sustainable development of MBR technology in its mature-application stage requires reciprocal interactions between engineering and research participants.Thus,in this study,a total of 182 large-scale MBR projects treating industrial wastewater(with individual treatment capacities5000 m3d1)commissioned and under construction from 2003 to 2019 were analyzed comprehensively.Fast growth of the cumulative treatment capacity was observed,with extension to diverse industries,and the super large-scale was enhanced recently.The treatment processes,pollutant removal efficiencies,and actual operational parameters were summarized regarding the particularity of industrial wastewater compared to municipal wastewater.Economic features including the total investment costs of the projects,their total footprint,and their operational energy consumption were analyzed as well.A vigorous MBR market has formed in China with the fast development of membrane elements and engineering suppliers,continuously increasing official oriented projects,and responsive and innovative business modes.MBR technology has been mostly applied in specific economic zones and water-deficient areas,but its widespread use all over China is foreseeable considering the vast future market for industrial wastewater treatment and recycling.The policy–economy and market–technology driving forces revealed that MBR is consistent with the national development demand.According to the survey and analysis,prospective development in both engineering and research aspects of MBR is proposed to maintain its competitive edge.
文摘AIM： To investigate the relationship between Helicobacter pyiori（H pylori） infection, microsatellite instability and the expressions of the p53 in gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and gastric adenocarcinoma and to elucidate the mechanism of gastric carcinogenesis relating to Hpyloriinfection. METHODS： One hundred and eight endoscopic biopsies and gastric adenocarcinoma were available for the study including 33 cases of normal, 45 cases of gastritis, 30 cases of intestinal metaplasia, and 46 cases of gastric adenocardnoma. Peripheral blood samples of these patients were also collected. Hpyloriinfection and p53 expressions were detected by means of streptavidin-peroxidase （SP）immunohistochemical method. Microsatellite loci were studied by PCR-SSCP-CE using the markers BAT-26,D17S261, D3S1283, D2S123, and D3S1611. NSI was defined as the peak shift in the DNA of the gastric tissue compared with that of the peripheral blood samples. Based on the number of mutated MSI markers, specimens were charac-terized as high MSI （MSI-H） if they manifested instability at two or more markers, low MSI （MSI-L） if unstable at only one marker, and microsatellite stable （MSS） if they showed no instability at any marker.RESULTS： H pylori infection was detected in the samples of gastritis, intestinal metaptasia, and gastric adenocarcinoma and the infection frequencies were 84.4%, 76.7%, and 65.2%, respectively, whereas no Hpyloriinfection was detected in the samples of normal control. There was as ignificant difference in the infection rates between gastritis and carcinoma samples （P = 0.035）. No MSI was detected in gasbitis samples, one MSI-H and two MSI-L were detected among the 30 intestinal metaplasia samples, and 12 MSI-H and 3 MSI-L were detected in the 46 gastric carcinomas. In those gastric cardnomas, the MSI-H frequency in Hpylori-positive group was significantly higher than that in Hpylori-negative group. No p53 expression was detected in the normal and gastritis samples from dyspeptic patients. P53-positive immunohistochemical staining was detected in 13.3% of intestinal metaplasia samples and in 43.5% of gastric carcinoma samples. The levels of p53 in Hpylori-positive samples were higher than those in the negative group when the carcinoma samples were subdivided into H pylori-positive and -negative groups （P = 0.013）. Eight samples were detected with positive p53 expression out of the 11 MSI-H carcinomas with Hpyloriinfection and no p53 expression could be seen in the Hpylori-negativesamples.CONCLUSION： H py/ori affect the p53 pattern in gastric mucosa when MMR system fails to work. Mutations of the p53 gene seem to be an early event in gastric carcinogenesis.
文摘Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Histopathology plays an important part in determining the treatment strategy for women with breast cancer. GSTP1 plays an important role in protecting cells from cytotoxic and carcinogenic agents and it is expressed in normal tissues at variable levels in different cell types. CDH1 plays a critical role for establishment and maintenance of polarity and differentiation of epithelium during the development period. Also, it plays an important role in signal transduction, differentiation, gene expression, cellmotility and inflammations. Methods: In this study the promoter methylation levels of GSTP1 and CDH1 gene which are associated with breast cancer were investigated by technique of Methylation Sensitive High Resolution Melting Analysis (MS-HRM). We analysed primary tumor core biopsies from 80 high-risk primary breast cancer patients (tumors ≥ 2 cm and/or lymphatic metastase and/or distant metastases and/or under 40 years). Also the patients’ histopathologic types were associated with the methylation levels. Results: In our study the promoter hypermethylation status was observed at different rates;GSTP1 and CDH1 hypermethylation frequencies were 82% and 95% respectively. The promoter hypermethylation levels of the genes were found to be significant with lymph node positivity, ER positivity and HER2/neu negativity. Conclusion: Our study is important as being the first study that analyzes association between histopathologic type and GSTP1 and CDH1 gene promotor methylation status in Turkish population.
文摘This research discusses the separation of methane gas from three different gas mixtures,CH4/H2 S,CH4/N2 and CH4/CO2,using a modified silicon carbide nanosheet(Si CNS)membrane using both molecular dynamics(MD)and computational fluid dynamics(CFD)methods.The research examines the effects of different structures of the Si CNSs on the separation of these gas mixtures.Various parameters including the potential of the mean force,separation factor,permeation rate,selectivity and diffusivity are discussed in detail.Our MD simulations showed that the separation of CH4/H2 S,and CH4/CO2 mixtures was successful,while simulation demonstrated a poor result for the CH4/N2 mixture.The effect of temperature on the diffusivity of gas is also discussed,and a correlation is introduced for diffusivity as a function of temperature.The evaluated value for diffusivity is then used in the CFD method to investigate the permeation rate of gas mixtures.
基金supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey(TüBITAK)with grant number 213M399supported by TüBITAK-BIDEB
文摘This paper presents the plasma polymerization of poly（hexafluorobutyl acrylate）（PHFBA） thin films on different substrates in an RF plasma reactor with an outer planar electrode. This reactor configuration allows？large area uniformity and fast processing times. Deposition rates of up to60 nm min-1were observed. The influence？of plasma power and substrate temperature on the？deposition rate, structure and wettability of the as-deposited films was？investigated. It was observed that better hydrophobicity was obtained at high plasma power and in low temperature conditions. PHFBA thin films deposited on electrospun poly（acrylonitrile） fiber mats under such conditions resulted in superhydrophobic surfaces with？contact angle values greater than 150°.In？vitro cell studies using human epithelial cells demonstrated the non-toxic nature of the？plasma-polymerized PHFBA films.
基金Supported by TUBITAK with the project number 111S039by the Selcuk University Research Fund with the project number 11401014
文摘Objective:To investigate the molecular effects ofNerium oleanderleaf distillate on paclitaxel and vincristine resistant(MCF-7/Pac and MCF-7/Vinc)cells and sensitive(MCF-7/S)cell lines.Methods:Nerium oleander(N.oleander)leaf extract was obtained by hydrodistillation method.The toxicological effects ofN.oleanderdistillate,previously suggested as medicinal food supplement,on drug resistant cells were evaluated by XTT tests.MDR modulation potential of the plant material was evaluated by flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy.Paclitaxel and vincristine were applied to the sublines in combination with N.oleanderdistillate.Results:Fractional inhibitory indices show thatN.oleanderdistillate did not increase the antiproliferative effects of anticancer drugs.N.oleandertreatment in to MCF-7/Pac and MCF-7/Vinc did not inhibit P-gp activity and MDR1 gene expression level.Conclusions:As a result it may be suggested that althoughN.oleanderdistillate has some medicinal effects as food supplement it may not be suitable as an MDR modulator for drug resistant breast cancer cells.
文摘This study focused on the comparison of the Pechini and sugar-based combustion synthesis methods to produce nano-zirconia. Zirconium hydroxide was utilized as metal precursor and citric acid, sucrose, and fructose were used as chelating agents, followed by calcination at 500, 600, and 700°C in air, respectively. Characterization was conducted by thermal analysis, specific surface area measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. When sucrose and citric acid were used as chelating agents during synthesis, mixtures of monoclinic and tetragonal phases were formed after calcination at 600 and 700°C. In the fructose samples, the tetragonal structure was the unique characterized phase. The tetragonal parameters in the fructose samples were determined using the diffraction data and the lattice parameter ratio was proven to increase with the temperature increase. Compared with the citrate and sucrose samples, the largest specific surface area(27 m2·g-1) and smallest particle size(39.1 nm) were obtained for the fructose sample after calcination at 700°C. The study revealed the formation of single-phase stabilized tetragonal zirconia using fructose as chelating agent after calcination at 500°C, and the presence and formation mechanism of stabilized tetragonal phase were also discussed on the basis of the X-ray and electron diffraction studies.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Program No.:2019YFA0904300)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Program No.:JCYJ20220530150404009)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.:2022A1515110608).
文摘Single-cell multi-Omics(SCM-Omics)and spatial multi-Omics(SM-Omics)technologies provide state-of-the-art methods for exploring the composition and function of cell types in tissues/organs.Since its emergence in 2009,single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)has yielded many groundbreaking new discoveries.The combination of this method with the emergence and development of SM-Omics techniques has been a pioneering strategy in neuroscience,developmental biology,and cancer research,especially for assessing tumor heterogeneity and T-cell infiltration.In recent years,the application of these methods in the study of metabolic diseases has also increased.The emerging SCM-Omics and SM-Omics approaches allow the molecular and spatial analysis of cells to explore regulatory states and determine cell fate,and thus provide promising tools for unraveling heterogeneous metabolic processes and making them amenable to intervention.Here,we review the evolution of SCM-Omics and SM-Omics technologies,and describe the progress in the application of SCM-Omics and SM-Omics in metabolism-related diseases,including obesity,diabetes,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and cardiovascular disease(CVD).We also conclude that the application of SCM-Omics and SM-Omics approaches can help resolve the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases in the body and facilitate therapeutic measures for metabolism-related diseases.This review concludes with an overview of the current status of this emerging field and the outlook for its future.
文摘Bituminous rocks in the Ozankoey （Ankara） field are different from those of the Paleocene- Eocene Mengen and Giineytepe （Bolu） regions in metal enrichment levels. Organic carbon （Corg） content of organic material-rich rocks in the Ozankoey （Ankara） field is 3.66-40.72% wt averaging 14.34%. The dominant organic materials are algae/amorphous accompanied by minor amount of herbaceous material （The dominant kerogen type is Type-I with a limited amount of Type-Ⅱ kerogen.）. The bituminous rocks in the Ozankoey field are enriched in heavy metals such as Ni, Mn, As and Cr. In comparison with the average enrichment values of dements, Ni, Mn, As and Cr in bituminous shales of the Ozankoey field are as about 4.38, 14.93, 10.90 and 5.58 times as average values. The average concentrations of these heavy metals are also as high as 215× 10^-6, 828 × 10^-6, 58.54 × 10^-6, and 148 × 10^-6 respectively. In addition, sorption properties of day and organic materials are also important for metal enrichments in the bituminous shales.
基金supported by the Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development(NAFOSTED)(No.107.02-2017.310)。
文摘The present work is concerned with a two-dimensional(2D)Stokes flow through a channel bounded by two parallel solid walls.The distance between the walls may be arbitrary,and the surface of one of the walls can be arbitrarily rough.The main objective of this work consists in homogenizing the heterogeneous interface between the rough wall and fluid so as to obtain an equivalent smooth slippery fluid/solid interface characterized by an effective slip length.To solve the corresponding problem,two efficient numerical approaches are elaborated on the basis of the method of fundamental solution(MFS)and the boundary element methods(BEMs).They are applied to different cases where the fluid/solid interface is periodically or randomly rough.The results obtained by the proposed two methods are compared with those given by the finite element method and some relevant ones reported in the literature.This comparison shows that the two proposed methods are particularly efficient and accurate.
基金Dicle University Science and Technology Research Center(DUBTAM)Dicle University Scientific and Technological Research Council(DUBAP)with Grant Number:14–EZF–14 are gratefully acknowledged for their analysis and financial supports
文摘Boronic acid compounds with different substituted groups were handled to synthesize various ligands encoded as B1, B2, B3, B4, BS, B6, B7 and BS. B5 and B7 were tested for the cytotoxic activity against the prostate cancer cells and it was found that the cell viability of cancer cells was decreased while most of the healthy cells could still be viable. 5 μM solutions of B5 and B7 decreased the cell viability to 33% and 44%; whereas healthy cells were 71% and 95%, respectively, after treatment. Antimicrobial properties were explored against the bacterial and fungal microorganisms with B1, B5 and BZ The inhibition zones were evaluated for all boronic structures, and the growth inhibition zones were determined in a range of 7-13 mm diameter for different microorganism species. Staphylococcus aureus was the common micro- organism that three boronic compounds with imine ligands showed the activity. Antioxidant features of B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7 and B8 were investigated by different processes such as Beta-carotene bleaching （BCB）, 2,2-diphenyl picryl hydrazyl （DPPH）, 2,2″-azino-bis（ 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid） （ABTS） and CUPric reducing antioxidant capacity （CLIPRAC） methods. Significant antioxidant activity was achieved by the phenyl boronic based ligands and these compounds demonstrated as much activity as standards （α-Toc and BHT）. In addition, all structures were applied properly without any decomposition during the experiments. They were rather stable both in aqueous media and solid state.
基金grants from the National Outstanding Young Investigator Program (30225038)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (070413094)+1 种基金Scientific Research Fund of Anhui Provincial Education Department (2006KJ072C)Science and Technological Fund of Anhui Province for Outstanding Youth.
文摘Objective： To investigate the effects of soluble factors secreted by acute myeloid leukemia （AML） cells on the phenotypical and functional properties of DCs derived from normal mononuclear cells. Methods： Mononuclear cells were cultured with interleukin-4 （IL-4） and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor （GM-CSF）, in the presence or absence of 24 h culture supematants from fresh pdmary AML cells, to generate immature DCs. The maturation of DCs was induced by cytokines IL-lbeta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-alpha）, and prostaglandin-2 （PGE-2）. The phenotypic alterations of DCs and DCs-primed CD4＋ T cells were evaluated using flow cytometry. Precursor frequency （PF） was calculated to monitor the allostimulatory effects of DCs on CD4^＋ and CD8^＋ T cells. Results：AML cell supernatant-treated DCs showed significantly lower expression of co-stimulatory molecules CDS0 and CD86, and reduced response to cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and PGE-2. The allostimulatory effects of AML cell supematant-treated DCs on CD4^＋ and CD8^＋ T cells were significantly lower than those of normal mature DCs [PF： （1.8 ±0.5）% vs. （5.2 ± 1.6）% for CD4^＋ T cells, （2.1 ±0.6）% vs. （6.5 ± 2.0）% for CD8^＋ T cells, P 〈 0.01]. These AML supernatantoinduced DCs could also induce allogeneic CD4^＋ T cells to differentiate into CD4^＋CD25high T cells, which had immunophenotyping characteristics of regulatory T cells, i.e. they expressed Foxp3 but not active maker CD69. Conclusion： This study demonstrates that soluble factors secreted by AML cells can inhibit development and functions of DCs. In addition, AML supernatant-induced DCs can induce the generation of CD4^＋CD25^high T cells from CD4^＋ T cells, which may be a mechanism of increased prevalence of CD4^＋CD25^high regulatory T cells and immune dysfunction in AML patients.
文摘Herein, some fundamental open questions on engineering of “super” hydrogen sorption (storage) in carbonaceous nanomaterials are considered, namely: 1) on thermodynamic stability and related characteristics of some hydrogenated graphene layers nanostructures: relevance to the hydrogen storage problem;2) determination of thermodynamic characteristics of graphene hydrides;3) a treatment and interpretation of some recent STM, STS, HREELS/LEED, PES, ARPS and Raman spectroscopy data on hydrogensorbtion with epitaxial graphenes;4) on the physics of intercalation of hydrogen into surface graphene-like nanoblisters in pyrolytic graphite and epitaxial graphenes;5) on the physics of the elastic and plastic deformation of graphene walls in hydrogenated graphite nanofibers;6) on the physics of engineering of “super” hydrogen sorption (storage) in carbonaceous nanomaterials, in the light of analysis of the Rodriguez-Baker extraordinary data and some others. These fundamental open questions may be solved within several years.
