The additive fault tolerant control (FTC) for delayed system is studied in this work. To design the additive control, two steps are necessary;the first one is the estimation of the sensor fault amplitude using a Luenb...The additive fault tolerant control (FTC) for delayed system is studied in this work. To design the additive control, two steps are necessary;the first one is the estimation of the sensor fault amplitude using a Luenberger observer with delay, and the second one consists to generate the additive fault tolerant control law and to add it to the nominal control of delayed system. The additive control law must be in function of fault term, then, in the absence of fault the expression of additive control equal to zero. The generation of nominal control law consist to determinate the state feedback gain by using the Lambert W method. Around all these control tools, we propose an extension of the additive FTC to delayed singularly perturbed systems (SPS). So, this extension consists to decompose the delayed SPS in two parts: delayed slow subsystem (delayed SS) and fast subsystem (FS) without time delay. Next, we consider that the delayed SPS is affected at its steady-state, and we apply the principal of FTC to the delayed SS and finally we combine them with the feedback gain control of FS by using the principal of composite control.展开更多
Species distributed across wide elevational gradients are likely to experience local thermal adaptation and exhibit high thermal plasticity,as these gradients are characterised by steep environmental changes over shor...Species distributed across wide elevational gradients are likely to experience local thermal adaptation and exhibit high thermal plasticity,as these gradients are characterised by steep environmental changes over short geographic distances(i.e.,strong selection differentials).The prevalence of adaptive intraspecific variation in thermal tolerance with elevation remains unclear,however,particularly in freshwater taxa.We explored variation in upper and lower thermal limits and acclimation capacity among Iberian populations of adults of the widespread water beetle Agabus bipustulatus(Dytiscidae)across a 2000 m elevational gradient,from lowland to alpine areas.Since mean and extreme temperatures decline with elevation,we predicted that populations at higher elevations will show lower heat tolerance and higher cold tolerance than lowland ones.We also explored whether acclimation capacity is positively related with climatic variability across elevations.We found significant variation in thermal limits between populations of A.bipustulatus,but no evidence of local adaptation to different thermal conditions across the altitudinal gradient,as relationships between thermal limits and elevation or climatic variables were largely nonsignificant.Furthermore,plasticities of both upper and lower thermal limits were consistently low in all populations.These results suggest thermal niche conservatism in this species,likely due to gene flow counteracting the effects of divergent selection,or adaptations in other traits that buffer exposure to climate extremes.The limited adaptive potential and plasticity of thermal tolerance observed in A.bipustulatus suggest that even generalist species,distributed across wide environmental gradients,may have limited resilience to global warming.展开更多
To date,skin wounds are still an issue for healthcare professionals.Although numerous approaches have been developed over the years for skin regeneration,recent advances in regenerative medicine offer very promising s...To date,skin wounds are still an issue for healthcare professionals.Although numerous approaches have been developed over the years for skin regeneration,recent advances in regenerative medicine offer very promising strategies for the fabrication of artificial skin substitutes,including 3D bioprinting,electrospinning or spraying,among others.In particular,skin sprays are an innovative technique still under clinical evaluation that show great potential for the delivery of cells and hydrogels to treat acute and chronic wounds.Skin sprays present significant advantages compared to conventional treatments for wound healing,such as the facility of application,the possibility to treat large wound areas,or the homogeneous distribution of the sprayed material.In this article,we review the latest advances in this technology,giving a detailed description of investigational and currently commercially available acellular and cellular skin spray products,used for a variety of diseases and applying different experimental materials.Moreover,as skin sprays products are subjected to different classifications,we also explain the regulatory pathways for their commercialization and include the main clinical trials for different skin diseases and their treatment conditions.Finally,we argue and suggest possible future trends for the biotechnology of skin sprays for a better use in clinical dermatology.展开更多
文摘The additive fault tolerant control (FTC) for delayed system is studied in this work. To design the additive control, two steps are necessary;the first one is the estimation of the sensor fault amplitude using a Luenberger observer with delay, and the second one consists to generate the additive fault tolerant control law and to add it to the nominal control of delayed system. The additive control law must be in function of fault term, then, in the absence of fault the expression of additive control equal to zero. The generation of nominal control law consist to determinate the state feedback gain by using the Lambert W method. Around all these control tools, we propose an extension of the additive FTC to delayed singularly perturbed systems (SPS). So, this extension consists to decompose the delayed SPS in two parts: delayed slow subsystem (delayed SS) and fast subsystem (FS) without time delay. Next, we consider that the delayed SPS is affected at its steady-state, and we apply the principal of FTC to the delayed SS and finally we combine them with the feedback gain control of FS by using the principal of composite control.
基金supported by the R&D project id.PID2019-108895GB-I00funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033+3 种基金VI PPIT Universidad de Sevilla(IV.7 Ayuda Suplementaria a Grupos de Investigación por captación de fondos en las convocatorias de proyectos de investigación del Plan Estatal2020/1110)funded by a postdoctoral contract from the“Consejería de Economía,Conocimiento,Empresas y Universidad de la Junta de Andalucía-Fondo Social Europeo de Andalucía 2014-2020”(“Talento Doctores,PAIDI program”)funded by a postdoctoral contract from the“María Zambrano”program,by the Spanish“Ministerio de Universidades”(funded by European Union-NextGenerationEU)。
文摘Species distributed across wide elevational gradients are likely to experience local thermal adaptation and exhibit high thermal plasticity,as these gradients are characterised by steep environmental changes over short geographic distances(i.e.,strong selection differentials).The prevalence of adaptive intraspecific variation in thermal tolerance with elevation remains unclear,however,particularly in freshwater taxa.We explored variation in upper and lower thermal limits and acclimation capacity among Iberian populations of adults of the widespread water beetle Agabus bipustulatus(Dytiscidae)across a 2000 m elevational gradient,from lowland to alpine areas.Since mean and extreme temperatures decline with elevation,we predicted that populations at higher elevations will show lower heat tolerance and higher cold tolerance than lowland ones.We also explored whether acclimation capacity is positively related with climatic variability across elevations.We found significant variation in thermal limits between populations of A.bipustulatus,but no evidence of local adaptation to different thermal conditions across the altitudinal gradient,as relationships between thermal limits and elevation or climatic variables were largely nonsignificant.Furthermore,plasticities of both upper and lower thermal limits were consistently low in all populations.These results suggest thermal niche conservatism in this species,likely due to gene flow counteracting the effects of divergent selection,or adaptations in other traits that buffer exposure to climate extremes.The limited adaptive potential and plasticity of thermal tolerance observed in A.bipustulatus suggest that even generalist species,distributed across wide environmental gradients,may have limited resilience to global warming.
基金funded by Fundaci´on Mutua Madrile˜na(FMM-AP17196-2019),the Consejería de Economía,Conocimiento,Empresas y Universidad de la Junta de Andalucía(ERDF funds,projects B-CTS-230-UGR18,PY18-2470,A-CTS-180-UGR20,SOMM17-6109,PYC20 RE 015 UGR and P18-FR-2465)and by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness,Instituto de Salud Carlos III,ERDF funds(DTS21/00098 and DTS19/00145).
文摘To date,skin wounds are still an issue for healthcare professionals.Although numerous approaches have been developed over the years for skin regeneration,recent advances in regenerative medicine offer very promising strategies for the fabrication of artificial skin substitutes,including 3D bioprinting,electrospinning or spraying,among others.In particular,skin sprays are an innovative technique still under clinical evaluation that show great potential for the delivery of cells and hydrogels to treat acute and chronic wounds.Skin sprays present significant advantages compared to conventional treatments for wound healing,such as the facility of application,the possibility to treat large wound areas,or the homogeneous distribution of the sprayed material.In this article,we review the latest advances in this technology,giving a detailed description of investigational and currently commercially available acellular and cellular skin spray products,used for a variety of diseases and applying different experimental materials.Moreover,as skin sprays products are subjected to different classifications,we also explain the regulatory pathways for their commercialization and include the main clinical trials for different skin diseases and their treatment conditions.Finally,we argue and suggest possible future trends for the biotechnology of skin sprays for a better use in clinical dermatology.
