The paper is an introduction to the front-end pulse acquisition and the back-end pulse biomimetic reproduction system.This system is capable of faithfully replicating the complete pulse waveform collected at the front...The paper is an introduction to the front-end pulse acquisition and the back-end pulse biomimetic reproduction system.This system is capable of faithfully replicating the complete pulse waveform collected at the front end.Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)practitioners analyze and diagnose the pulse patterns at the replication end.Meanwhile,the obtained pulse waveforms are analyzed and learnt by a neural network based on key diagnostic points in TCM pulse taking,which enables the determination of the corresponding relationships between different pulse waveforms and various pulse patterns in TCM pulse taking.With the support of clinical samples,an auxiliary diagnostic system for TCM pulse patterns ensures the accuracy of pulse pattern replication.展开更多
With the growth of global protein demand and the development of plant-based foods,pea protein,as a low-allergenic,nutritionally balanced and environmentally friendly plant protein,has shown great potential in replacin...With the growth of global protein demand and the development of plant-based foods,pea protein,as a low-allergenic,nutritionally balanced and environmentally friendly plant protein,has shown great potential in replacing animal protein.Pea protein is mainly composed of globulin and albumin,with a protein content of 20%to 30%,and has a balanced amino acid composition,as well as being rich in minerals and dietary fiber.It also possesses good foaming,gelling,emulsifying and antioxidant functional properties.However,pea protein also has inherent defects that limit its application in the food industry.This article systematically reviews the extraction techniques,functional properties,modification methods and application fields of pea protein,and focuses on evaluating the effects of different extraction and modification strategies on protein yield and functional properties.Research shows that ultrasonic-assisted alkaline extraction can reduce solvent usage by 55%,shorten extraction time by 50%,and increase extraction rate by 12.51%;under optimized conditions,ultrafiltration membrane technology can achieve a protein purity of 91%.In terms of modification,ultrasonic treatment increases foaming capacity by 37.4%,and phenolic cross-linking increases gel strength from 3.0 kPa to 48 kPa.This article provides data support and theoretical reference for the efficient extraction and functional optimization of pea protein,and has promoting significance for its wide application in plant-based foods.展开更多
Background A viral vector is a genetically modified vector produced by genetic engineering. As pathogenic genes in the virus are completely or largely eliminated, it is safe to be widely used in multidisciplinary rese...Background A viral vector is a genetically modified vector produced by genetic engineering. As pathogenic genes in the virus are completely or largely eliminated, it is safe to be widely used in multidisciplinary research fields for expressing genes, such as neuroscience, metabolism, oncology and so on. Neuroscience and psychiatry are the most closely related disciplines in either basic research or clinical research, but the application of viral vectors in neuropsychiatry has not received much attention or not been widely accepted.Aim This article will focus on the application of viral vectors in basic and clinical neuropsychiatric research.Methods By using viral vectors, scientists can perform neurological labelling, gene expression regulation and physiological manipulation for investigating phenomenon from molecular mechanisms to behaviours. At the same time, to treat mental or neurological disorders, viral vectors can be designed for gene therapy, which alter gene expression levels or repair mutated genes in the brains of patients.Perspective Viral vectors play an important role in basic research and clinical applications. To further understand brain function and prevent mental and neurological diseases, we hypothesize that viral vectors could be used along with various advanced technologies, such as sequencing and high-throughput expression analysis in the neuroscience research field.展开更多
For heating systems based on electricity storage coupled with solar energy and an air source heat pump(ECSA),choosing the appropriate combination of heat sources according to local conditions is the key to improving e...For heating systems based on electricity storage coupled with solar energy and an air source heat pump(ECSA),choosing the appropriate combination of heat sources according to local conditions is the key to improving economic efficiency.In this paper,four cities in three climatic regions in China were selected,namely Nanjing in the hot summer and cold winter region,Tianjin in the cold region,Shenyang and Harbin in the severe cold winter region.The levelized cost of heat(LCOH)was used as the economic evaluation index,and the energy consumption and emissions of different pollutants were analyzed.TRNSYS software was used to simulate and analyze the system performance.The Hooke-Jeeves optimization algorithm and GenOpt software were used to optimize the system parameters.The results showed that ECSA systemhad an excellent operation effect in cold region and hot summer and cold winter region.Compared with ECS system,the systemenergy consumption,and the emission of different pollutants of ECSA system can be reduced by a maximum of 1.37 times.In cold region,the initial investment in an air source heat pump is higher due to the lower ambient temperature,resulting in an increase in the LOCH value of ECSA system.After the LOCH value of ECSA system in each region was optimized,the heating cost of the system was reduced,but also resulted in an increase in energy consumption and the emission of different pollutant gases.展开更多
Nowadays, people pass 90% of their time in closed spaces, therefore, an increasing care in the creation and upkeep of healthier environments as a personal and as professional level become a major issue. The present pr...Nowadays, people pass 90% of their time in closed spaces, therefore, an increasing care in the creation and upkeep of healthier environments as a personal and as professional level become a major issue. The present project has as goal the verification and optimization of the implicit need of an OCRAMclima~ AHU （air handling units） in IAQ （indoor air quality） and its effectiveness in treatment and/or air purification, having as basis the legal national and European requirements for IAQ. This work was based on the study of the state of the art of the techniques in air purification and in the evaluation of their performance, culminating in the production of the prototype OCRAMclima~ NPS （nano purifying system）. The purifying phenomena involved are UVGI （ultraviolet germicidal irradiation） and catalytic ionization of air. The performance test was accomplished in a closed loop circuit, which results, obtained by an independent IAQ analyst, were satisfactory, indicating the viability of application of this system to indoor air disinfection. The outcome revealed that the conjugating of both phenomena, the air sterilizing by UV and catalytic ionization, is efficient when used for air purification, mainly for volatile organic compounds and bioaerosols.展开更多
Introduction Since 2000, air-conditioning sales continues to grow, and the development of air-conditioning market makes a booming market of compressor. At the present time, compressor production rising all the way, an...Introduction Since 2000, air-conditioning sales continues to grow, and the development of air-conditioning market makes a booming market of compressor. At the present time, compressor production rising all the way, and the sales steps up the new steps constantly. Tendency chart is shown in figure 1. Rotor compressor with its simple structure,展开更多
This paper proposes a novel seismometer-type absolute displacement sensor aimed at detecting earthquake waves with a large magnitude and long period. However, since the measuring range of the displacement sensor is hi...This paper proposes a novel seismometer-type absolute displacement sensor aimed at detecting earthquake waves with a large magnitude and long period. However, since the measuring range of the displacement sensor is higher than its natural frequency, it is difficult to detect low frequency vibrations below 1 Hz using a conventional a seismic-type displacement sensor. In order to provide an absolute displacement detection which is capable of lowering the natural frequency and enlarging the detectable amplitude without causing structural defects, the relative signals of displacement, velocity, and acceleration between a detected object and the auxiliary mass of the sensor are fed back into the sensor. In addition, phase lag compensation is inserted to adjust phase angles, which are of a frequency of 1 Hz. According to simulation results, a detection range from 0.1 Hz to 50 Hz is expected. It has been demonstrated that the developed sensor with a small size and light weight has a detection range of from 0.5 Hz to 50 Hz for absolute displacement and velocity. As an additional advantage, the measurement displacement amplitude has been expanded to about 20 dB. This sensor is available to use for the active control method. of flexible structures like high rise buildings using the LQ control展开更多
Prospect of engineering technologies for pipelines in ChinaIn recent years,China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) has made remarkable achievements in the field of oil and gas transmission pipeline engineering.
Pandemics disrupt clinical trials worldwide,with lasting effects on research.It can severely impact clinical trialists ability to conduct safe and ethically uncompromised trials.Hence,the mounting pressure results in ...Pandemics disrupt clinical trials worldwide,with lasting effects on research.It can severely impact clinical trialists ability to conduct safe and ethically uncompromised trials.Hence,the mounting pressure results in ethically and morally distressing decisions faced by clinical trial professionals during pandemic situations.Whilst clinical trialists attempt to think about preparedness and responses during a pandemic,the need to have an ethical framework that has real-world applicability is imperative.Pandemics are a challenging time for all,however,the safety and access to support for clinical trialists and patients within clinical trials should be at the forefront for their organisations and the government.展开更多
With the development of modern society,the demand for nutrition,health,and food safety among people is also increasing.More and more consumers are connecting their diet to a healthy lifestyle in order to reduce the oc...With the development of modern society,the demand for nutrition,health,and food safety among people is also increasing.More and more consumers are connecting their diet to a healthy lifestyle in order to reduce the occurrence of chronic diseases.Spirulina,known as green ginseng,is one of the most productive microalgae with high output value.It is considered as one of the most ideal dietary supplements due to its unique nutritional and health benefits.The main components of spirulina include protein,fat,vitamins,chlorophyll,and minerals.The protein content is particularly high,ranging from 60-70%.Spirulina can be used as a natural nutritional supplement,providing various essential nutrients needed by the body.Apart from being a nutritional supplement,spirulina is also widely utilized in the food,medicine,and cosmetics industries.Spirulina powder can be added to various foods such as bread,cakes,and biscuits to enhance their nutritional value.Spirulina extract can also be used in the production of healthcare and beauty products.Furthermore,the antioxidant and immune-boosting effects of spirulina make it a promising natural medicine for research in the treatment of cancer and liver disease.This paper aims to provide comprehensive information on the nutritional composition,secondary metabolites,and biological activities of spirulina,thereby contributing to the spirulina industry.展开更多
Antibacterial peptide,also known as a host defense peptide,is a small molecular peptide that exhibits antibacterial activity.It disrupts the cell membrane structure of bacteria,leading to the release of internal conte...Antibacterial peptide,also known as a host defense peptide,is a small molecular peptide that exhibits antibacterial activity.It disrupts the cell membrane structure of bacteria,leading to the release of internal contents and subsequent cell death,all without promoting the development of drug resistance in bacteria.It serves as a crucial component of the body’s innate immunity,forming the initial defense against the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms.However,the functionality of this small molecule peptide extends beyond this role.It also demonstrates positive effects in promoting organism growth,maintaining the balance of beneficial bacteria within organisms,combating cancer,enhancing immune function,and combating viruses,among other benefits.Additionally,it finds applications in biomaterials,food preservation,animal husbandry,and aquaculture.In summary,this small molecular peptide plays a significant role in various domains.展开更多
Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson’s disease:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is an increasingly prevalent neurodegenerative disease,at first sight primarily characterized by motor symptoms,although non-mo...Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson’s disease:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is an increasingly prevalent neurodegenerative disease,at first sight primarily characterized by motor symptoms,although non-motor symptoms also constitute a major part of the overall phenotype.Clinically,this disease cannot be diagnosed reliably until a large part of the vulnerable dopaminergic neurons has been irretrievably lost,and the disease progresses inexorably.New biological criteria for PD have been proposed recently and might eventually improve early diagnosis,but they require further validation,and their use will initially be restricted to a research environment(Darweesh et al.,2024).展开更多
Carbon risk has become the focal point of academic inquiry in the context of intensifying climate change and pursuing dual-carbon targets.This paper synthesizes domestic and international literature to clarify the con...Carbon risk has become the focal point of academic inquiry in the context of intensifying climate change and pursuing dual-carbon targets.This paper synthesizes domestic and international literature to clarify the concept of carbon risk,providing illustrative cases for various definitions.A key observation is the absence of a standardized approach within academia for measuring carbon risk.Notably,carbon emission data disclosed by Chinese enterprises are limited.In response,this study extends beyond traditional enterprise carbon emissions data and compiles current mainstream methodologies for assessing carbon risk.Using data from listed Chinese companies,this study examined the relevance and practicality of each metric.This study offers several recommendations for the future progress of carbon risk analyses in China and other emerging markets.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have been widely used in mobile energy storage systems because of their high energy density,long life,and strong environmental adaptability.Accurately estimating the state of health(SOH)for ...Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have been widely used in mobile energy storage systems because of their high energy density,long life,and strong environmental adaptability.Accurately estimating the state of health(SOH)for LIBs is promising and has been extensively studied for many years.However,the current prediction methods are susceptible to noise interference,and the estimation accuracy has room for improvement.Motivated by this,this paper proposes a novel battery SOH estimation method,the Beluga Whale Optimization(BWO)and Noise-Input Gaussian Process(NIGP)Stacked Model(BGNSM).This method integrates the BWO-optimized Gaussian Process Regression(GPR)with the NIGP.It combines their predictions using a stacked GPR model which reduces the problem of large input data noise and improves the prediction accuracy.The experimental results show that the BGNSM method has good accuracy,generalization ability,and robustness,and performs well in small sample situations.The Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)and Mean Absolute Error(MAE)are as low as 0.218%and 0.164%,respectively,which is close to 0.At the same time,R-Square(R^(2))is as high as 0.9948,which is close to 1,indicating that the estimated results in this paper are highly consistent with the actual results.展开更多
The active equalization of lithium-ion batteries involves transferring energy from high-voltage cells to low-voltage cells,ensuring consistent voltage levels across the battery pack and maintaining safety.This paper p...The active equalization of lithium-ion batteries involves transferring energy from high-voltage cells to low-voltage cells,ensuring consistent voltage levels across the battery pack and maintaining safety.This paper presents a voltage balancing circuit and control method.First,a single capacitor method is used to design the circuit topology for energy transfer.Next,real-time voltage detection and control are employed to balance energy between cells.Finally,simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method,achieving balanced voltages of 3.97 V from initial voltages of 4.10,3.97,and 3.90 V.The proposed circuit is simple,reliable,and effectively prevents overcharge and overdischarge.展开更多
Foods and animal feeds frequently become contaminated with the nephrotoxic ochratoxin A(OTA).Our prior research has indicated that ursolic acid(UA),which is widely present in fruits and medicinal plants,has the potent...Foods and animal feeds frequently become contaminated with the nephrotoxic ochratoxin A(OTA).Our prior research has indicated that ursolic acid(UA),which is widely present in fruits and medicinal plants,has the potential to alleviate nephrotoxicity triggered by OTA.Additionally,excessive induction of endoplasmic reticulum(ER)-phagy exacerbates OTA-induced apoptosis.Therefore,further investigation is essential to comprehend whether UA can mitigate OTA-induced apoptosis by influencing ER-phagy.This objective is accomplished through a series of experiments involving assessments of cell viability,apoptosis,fluorescence microscopy,and western blot analysis.The outcomes of these experiments reveal that pre-treatment with 4μmol/L UA for 2 h can markedly reverse the elevated apoptotic rate,the co-localization of ER and lysosomes,and the protein expressions of GRP78,p-eIF2α,Chop,Bax,and Bak,as well as the reduced cell viability and the protein expressions of Lonp1,Trap1,p62,Tex264,FAM134B,Bcl-2,and Bcl-xl,all caused by exposure to 1μmol/L OTA for 24 h in human proximal tubule epithelial-originated kidney-2(HK-2)cells(P<0.05).Interestingly,the increased expression of LC3B-II induced by OTA is further amplified by UA pre-treatment(P<0.05).In conclusion,OTA triggers a harmful feedback loop between ER stress(ERS)and excessive ER-phagy,thereby further promoting ERS-and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in vitro.However,this effect is significantly mitigated by UA through the inhibition of autophagosome-lysosome fusion,consequently blocking the excessive ER-phagic flux.展开更多
Objective:To observe the effect of Xipayimaizibizi oral liquid(XP)in an overactive bladder(OAB)experimental rat model and to explore its pharmacological mechanisms.Methods:Network pharmacology was used to explore the ...Objective:To observe the effect of Xipayimaizibizi oral liquid(XP)in an overactive bladder(OAB)experimental rat model and to explore its pharmacological mechanisms.Methods:Network pharmacology was used to explore the potential mechanisms of action of XP.The rats underwent bladder outlet obstruction surgery and were administered the corresponding drug concentrations by gavage for 4 weeks.The study observed the body weight,water intake,bladder and kidney indices(to evaluate their general status),urination behavior pattern(to observe frequency and urgency),and urodynamics(to measure bladder parameters).Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichome staining were used to observe changes in the bladder structure.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the levels of nerve growth factor,brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and acetylcholine in the urine.The key targets involved in these mechanisms were validated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction,immunohistochemistry,and western blot in vivo/vitro experiments.Result:Network pharmacological analysis predicted that XP may alleviate OAB by affecting the cholinergic synapse and calcium signaling pathways.XP treatment significantly reduced the bladder index,improved urine behavior and urodynamic parameters,decreased the neurotransmitters in urine,and reduced the thickness of the bladder wall and collagen ratio.These results indicate that XP can alleviate OAB symptoms and improve the bladder structure.In vivo/vitro experiments further demonstrated that XP can inhibit targets,such as muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 2,and participate in cholinergic synapses to further regulate the parasympathetic nervous system.It can also reduce the overexpression of Ca^(2+) caused by agonists,inhibit targets such as transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1,and participate in calcium signaling pathways to maintain Ca^(2+) homeostasis.Conclusion:These results suggest that XP inhibited bladder overactivity by maintaining Ca^(2+) homeostasis and regulating the parasympathetic nervous system.展开更多
Purpose–This study aims to implement condition monitoring for urban rail train permanent magnet synchronous motors and inverter systems.Through the construction of a digital twin model,it performs fault diagnosis of ...Purpose–This study aims to implement condition monitoring for urban rail train permanent magnet synchronous motors and inverter systems.Through the construction of a digital twin model,it performs fault diagnosis of potential system failures,enabling rapid fault localization and protection.Design/methodology/approach–This research begins with a brief introduction to the structure and classification of permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSMs),followed by a detailed analysis of their mathematical model.Subsequently,it thoroughly investigates the working principle of three-phase two-level inverters and the distribution of space voltage vectors.Based on the analysis of the main circuit topology,a digital twin model matching the external characteristics of the physical circuit is established using the model predictive control method,achieving accurate system simulation.Furthermore,through theoretical analysis and simulation verification of phase current characteristics under inverter switch tube faults,general patterns of phase currents under fault conditions are summarized.The established digital twin model is then employed to validate these patterns,confirming the model’s effectiveness in fault diagnosis.Findings–This study proposes a fault diagnosis method based on digital twins.Experimental and simulation results demonstrate that the established digital twin model can accurately simulate the external characteristics of the actual physical circuit,validating its effectiveness in inverter fault diagnosis.This approach offers practical value for condition monitoring in actual urban rail train systems.Originality/value–The study innovatively starts from a mathematical model and simulates the actual physical model through a virtual model,requiring only external characteristics to achieve system fault diagnosis,thereby enhancing diagnostic efficiency.展开更多
Laser-directed energy deposition(LDED)technology has demonstrated great potential for the rapid and integrated fabrication of nickel-based superalloy components.The plastic deformation-assisted method is crucial for a...Laser-directed energy deposition(LDED)technology has demonstrated great potential for the rapid and integrated fabrication of nickel-based superalloy components.The plastic deformation-assisted method is crucial for achieving grain refinement and microstructural homogeneity in LDED-fabricated superalloys.However,existing methods suffer from uniformity constraints owing to their high deformation resistance,which significantly limits their application in load-bearing components.To address these issues,a synchronous-hot-forging-assisted(SHFA)LDED additive manufacturing method was proposed,and its effects on the macroscopic morphology,microstructure,and mechanical properties of GH4169 nickel-based alloy specimens were systematically compared.The results demonstrated up to 30.1%average plastic deformation in hot-forging components while maintaining good surface flatness.The synergistic effect of dislocation accumulation and dynamic recrystallization during hot forging enables dramatic grain refinement,reducing the average grain size by 89.1%(from 168.5μm to 18.4μm)while weakening texture intensity from 15.31 to 2.15,ultimately promoting equiaxed grain formation.The pores of hot-forging components changed from fine round to flat,the porosity decreased from 0.264%to 0.089%,and the densification level was significantly improved.With the increase in the synchronous hot-forging force,the average ultimate tensile strength of hot-forging components can reach 1175.1 MPa,while the anisotropy difference is gradually weakened.The SHFA-LDED process not only achieves excellent grain refinement and microstructure homogenization but also enhances mechanical properties,providing a new technical path for the additive manufacturing of high-performance nickel-based superalloy components.展开更多
基金Key R&D Plan of Liaoning Province(No.202000357-JH13/103):Construction of Liaoning Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry Technology Innovation Research InstituteNational Key Research and Development Plan Special Project(No.2019JH2/10300040)。
文摘The paper is an introduction to the front-end pulse acquisition and the back-end pulse biomimetic reproduction system.This system is capable of faithfully replicating the complete pulse waveform collected at the front end.Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)practitioners analyze and diagnose the pulse patterns at the replication end.Meanwhile,the obtained pulse waveforms are analyzed and learnt by a neural network based on key diagnostic points in TCM pulse taking,which enables the determination of the corresponding relationships between different pulse waveforms and various pulse patterns in TCM pulse taking.With the support of clinical samples,an auxiliary diagnostic system for TCM pulse patterns ensures the accuracy of pulse pattern replication.
文摘With the growth of global protein demand and the development of plant-based foods,pea protein,as a low-allergenic,nutritionally balanced and environmentally friendly plant protein,has shown great potential in replacing animal protein.Pea protein is mainly composed of globulin and albumin,with a protein content of 20%to 30%,and has a balanced amino acid composition,as well as being rich in minerals and dietary fiber.It also possesses good foaming,gelling,emulsifying and antioxidant functional properties.However,pea protein also has inherent defects that limit its application in the food industry.This article systematically reviews the extraction techniques,functional properties,modification methods and application fields of pea protein,and focuses on evaluating the effects of different extraction and modification strategies on protein yield and functional properties.Research shows that ultrasonic-assisted alkaline extraction can reduce solvent usage by 55%,shorten extraction time by 50%,and increase extraction rate by 12.51%;under optimized conditions,ultrafiltration membrane technology can achieve a protein purity of 91%.In terms of modification,ultrasonic treatment increases foaming capacity by 37.4%,and phenolic cross-linking increases gel strength from 3.0 kPa to 48 kPa.This article provides data support and theoretical reference for the efficient extraction and functional optimization of pea protein,and has promoting significance for its wide application in plant-based foods.
基金co-supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81571326,81501153)
文摘Background A viral vector is a genetically modified vector produced by genetic engineering. As pathogenic genes in the virus are completely or largely eliminated, it is safe to be widely used in multidisciplinary research fields for expressing genes, such as neuroscience, metabolism, oncology and so on. Neuroscience and psychiatry are the most closely related disciplines in either basic research or clinical research, but the application of viral vectors in neuropsychiatry has not received much attention or not been widely accepted.Aim This article will focus on the application of viral vectors in basic and clinical neuropsychiatric research.Methods By using viral vectors, scientists can perform neurological labelling, gene expression regulation and physiological manipulation for investigating phenomenon from molecular mechanisms to behaviours. At the same time, to treat mental or neurological disorders, viral vectors can be designed for gene therapy, which alter gene expression levels or repair mutated genes in the brains of patients.Perspective Viral vectors play an important role in basic research and clinical applications. To further understand brain function and prevent mental and neurological diseases, we hypothesize that viral vectors could be used along with various advanced technologies, such as sequencing and high-throughput expression analysis in the neuroscience research field.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFE0193200 KY202001)Science and Technology Planning Project of Beijing(No.Z201100008320001 KY191004).
文摘For heating systems based on electricity storage coupled with solar energy and an air source heat pump(ECSA),choosing the appropriate combination of heat sources according to local conditions is the key to improving economic efficiency.In this paper,four cities in three climatic regions in China were selected,namely Nanjing in the hot summer and cold winter region,Tianjin in the cold region,Shenyang and Harbin in the severe cold winter region.The levelized cost of heat(LCOH)was used as the economic evaluation index,and the energy consumption and emissions of different pollutants were analyzed.TRNSYS software was used to simulate and analyze the system performance.The Hooke-Jeeves optimization algorithm and GenOpt software were used to optimize the system parameters.The results showed that ECSA systemhad an excellent operation effect in cold region and hot summer and cold winter region.Compared with ECS system,the systemenergy consumption,and the emission of different pollutants of ECSA system can be reduced by a maximum of 1.37 times.In cold region,the initial investment in an air source heat pump is higher due to the lower ambient temperature,resulting in an increase in the LOCH value of ECSA system.After the LOCH value of ECSA system in each region was optimized,the heating cost of the system was reduced,but also resulted in an increase in energy consumption and the emission of different pollutant gases.
文摘Nowadays, people pass 90% of their time in closed spaces, therefore, an increasing care in the creation and upkeep of healthier environments as a personal and as professional level become a major issue. The present project has as goal the verification and optimization of the implicit need of an OCRAMclima~ AHU （air handling units） in IAQ （indoor air quality） and its effectiveness in treatment and/or air purification, having as basis the legal national and European requirements for IAQ. This work was based on the study of the state of the art of the techniques in air purification and in the evaluation of their performance, culminating in the production of the prototype OCRAMclima~ NPS （nano purifying system）. The purifying phenomena involved are UVGI （ultraviolet germicidal irradiation） and catalytic ionization of air. The performance test was accomplished in a closed loop circuit, which results, obtained by an independent IAQ analyst, were satisfactory, indicating the viability of application of this system to indoor air disinfection. The outcome revealed that the conjugating of both phenomena, the air sterilizing by UV and catalytic ionization, is efficient when used for air purification, mainly for volatile organic compounds and bioaerosols.
文摘Introduction Since 2000, air-conditioning sales continues to grow, and the development of air-conditioning market makes a booming market of compressor. At the present time, compressor production rising all the way, and the sales steps up the new steps constantly. Tendency chart is shown in figure 1. Rotor compressor with its simple structure,
文摘Technology progress of oil & gas pipelines transportation project of CNPC since the 11th Five-Year Plan period An introduction to oil & gas pipelines
文摘This paper proposes a novel seismometer-type absolute displacement sensor aimed at detecting earthquake waves with a large magnitude and long period. However, since the measuring range of the displacement sensor is higher than its natural frequency, it is difficult to detect low frequency vibrations below 1 Hz using a conventional a seismic-type displacement sensor. In order to provide an absolute displacement detection which is capable of lowering the natural frequency and enlarging the detectable amplitude without causing structural defects, the relative signals of displacement, velocity, and acceleration between a detected object and the auxiliary mass of the sensor are fed back into the sensor. In addition, phase lag compensation is inserted to adjust phase angles, which are of a frequency of 1 Hz. According to simulation results, a detection range from 0.1 Hz to 50 Hz is expected. It has been demonstrated that the developed sensor with a small size and light weight has a detection range of from 0.5 Hz to 50 Hz for absolute displacement and velocity. As an additional advantage, the measurement displacement amplitude has been expanded to about 20 dB. This sensor is available to use for the active control method. of flexible structures like high rise buildings using the LQ control
文摘Prospect of engineering technologies for pipelines in ChinaIn recent years,China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) has made remarkable achievements in the field of oil and gas transmission pipeline engineering.
文摘Pandemics disrupt clinical trials worldwide,with lasting effects on research.It can severely impact clinical trialists ability to conduct safe and ethically uncompromised trials.Hence,the mounting pressure results in ethically and morally distressing decisions faced by clinical trial professionals during pandemic situations.Whilst clinical trialists attempt to think about preparedness and responses during a pandemic,the need to have an ethical framework that has real-world applicability is imperative.Pandemics are a challenging time for all,however,the safety and access to support for clinical trialists and patients within clinical trials should be at the forefront for their organisations and the government.
文摘With the development of modern society,the demand for nutrition,health,and food safety among people is also increasing.More and more consumers are connecting their diet to a healthy lifestyle in order to reduce the occurrence of chronic diseases.Spirulina,known as green ginseng,is one of the most productive microalgae with high output value.It is considered as one of the most ideal dietary supplements due to its unique nutritional and health benefits.The main components of spirulina include protein,fat,vitamins,chlorophyll,and minerals.The protein content is particularly high,ranging from 60-70%.Spirulina can be used as a natural nutritional supplement,providing various essential nutrients needed by the body.Apart from being a nutritional supplement,spirulina is also widely utilized in the food,medicine,and cosmetics industries.Spirulina powder can be added to various foods such as bread,cakes,and biscuits to enhance their nutritional value.Spirulina extract can also be used in the production of healthcare and beauty products.Furthermore,the antioxidant and immune-boosting effects of spirulina make it a promising natural medicine for research in the treatment of cancer and liver disease.This paper aims to provide comprehensive information on the nutritional composition,secondary metabolites,and biological activities of spirulina,thereby contributing to the spirulina industry.
文摘Antibacterial peptide,also known as a host defense peptide,is a small molecular peptide that exhibits antibacterial activity.It disrupts the cell membrane structure of bacteria,leading to the release of internal contents and subsequent cell death,all without promoting the development of drug resistance in bacteria.It serves as a crucial component of the body’s innate immunity,forming the initial defense against the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms.However,the functionality of this small molecule peptide extends beyond this role.It also demonstrates positive effects in promoting organism growth,maintaining the balance of beneficial bacteria within organisms,combating cancer,enhancing immune function,and combating viruses,among other benefits.Additionally,it finds applications in biomaterials,food preservation,animal husbandry,and aquaculture.In summary,this small molecular peptide plays a significant role in various domains.
文摘Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson’s disease:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is an increasingly prevalent neurodegenerative disease,at first sight primarily characterized by motor symptoms,although non-motor symptoms also constitute a major part of the overall phenotype.Clinically,this disease cannot be diagnosed reliably until a large part of the vulnerable dopaminergic neurons has been irretrievably lost,and the disease progresses inexorably.New biological criteria for PD have been proposed recently and might eventually improve early diagnosis,but they require further validation,and their use will initially be restricted to a research environment(Darweesh et al.,2024).
基金supported by the Major Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research of Guizhou Province(Grant No.22GZZB07)the Humanities and Social Science Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of Nanjing Agricultural University(Grant No.SKCX2023013).
文摘Carbon risk has become the focal point of academic inquiry in the context of intensifying climate change and pursuing dual-carbon targets.This paper synthesizes domestic and international literature to clarify the concept of carbon risk,providing illustrative cases for various definitions.A key observation is the absence of a standardized approach within academia for measuring carbon risk.Notably,carbon emission data disclosed by Chinese enterprises are limited.In response,this study extends beyond traditional enterprise carbon emissions data and compiles current mainstream methodologies for assessing carbon risk.Using data from listed Chinese companies,this study examined the relevance and practicality of each metric.This study offers several recommendations for the future progress of carbon risk analyses in China and other emerging markets.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.62273176)“Joint Laboratory Project of Intelligent Power and Control Applications”(Project No.1003-KFA24090)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Project No.2024YFB3311401).
文摘Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have been widely used in mobile energy storage systems because of their high energy density,long life,and strong environmental adaptability.Accurately estimating the state of health(SOH)for LIBs is promising and has been extensively studied for many years.However,the current prediction methods are susceptible to noise interference,and the estimation accuracy has room for improvement.Motivated by this,this paper proposes a novel battery SOH estimation method,the Beluga Whale Optimization(BWO)and Noise-Input Gaussian Process(NIGP)Stacked Model(BGNSM).This method integrates the BWO-optimized Gaussian Process Regression(GPR)with the NIGP.It combines their predictions using a stacked GPR model which reduces the problem of large input data noise and improves the prediction accuracy.The experimental results show that the BGNSM method has good accuracy,generalization ability,and robustness,and performs well in small sample situations.The Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)and Mean Absolute Error(MAE)are as low as 0.218%and 0.164%,respectively,which is close to 0.At the same time,R-Square(R^(2))is as high as 0.9948,which is close to 1,indicating that the estimated results in this paper are highly consistent with the actual results.
基金funded by the Basic Science(Natural Science)Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province,Grant Number 22KJD470002.
文摘The active equalization of lithium-ion batteries involves transferring energy from high-voltage cells to low-voltage cells,ensuring consistent voltage levels across the battery pack and maintaining safety.This paper presents a voltage balancing circuit and control method.First,a single capacitor method is used to design the circuit topology for energy transfer.Next,real-time voltage detection and control are employed to balance energy between cells.Finally,simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method,achieving balanced voltages of 3.97 V from initial voltages of 4.10,3.97,and 3.90 V.The proposed circuit is simple,reliable,and effectively prevents overcharge and overdischarge.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82060598,32260587)the Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province(QKH-J-ZK[2021]181)+4 种基金the Scientific Research Program of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education(QJJ[2023]019)the Science&Technology Program of Guizhou Province(QKHPTRC-CXTD[2022]014)the Excellent Youth Talents of Zunyi Medical University(17zy-006)the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students of Guizhou Province(S202210661138)the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students of Zunyi Medical University(ZYDC2021108)。
文摘Foods and animal feeds frequently become contaminated with the nephrotoxic ochratoxin A(OTA).Our prior research has indicated that ursolic acid(UA),which is widely present in fruits and medicinal plants,has the potential to alleviate nephrotoxicity triggered by OTA.Additionally,excessive induction of endoplasmic reticulum(ER)-phagy exacerbates OTA-induced apoptosis.Therefore,further investigation is essential to comprehend whether UA can mitigate OTA-induced apoptosis by influencing ER-phagy.This objective is accomplished through a series of experiments involving assessments of cell viability,apoptosis,fluorescence microscopy,and western blot analysis.The outcomes of these experiments reveal that pre-treatment with 4μmol/L UA for 2 h can markedly reverse the elevated apoptotic rate,the co-localization of ER and lysosomes,and the protein expressions of GRP78,p-eIF2α,Chop,Bax,and Bak,as well as the reduced cell viability and the protein expressions of Lonp1,Trap1,p62,Tex264,FAM134B,Bcl-2,and Bcl-xl,all caused by exposure to 1μmol/L OTA for 24 h in human proximal tubule epithelial-originated kidney-2(HK-2)cells(P<0.05).Interestingly,the increased expression of LC3B-II induced by OTA is further amplified by UA pre-treatment(P<0.05).In conclusion,OTA triggers a harmful feedback loop between ER stress(ERS)and excessive ER-phagy,thereby further promoting ERS-and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in vitro.However,this effect is significantly mitigated by UA through the inhibition of autophagosome-lysosome fusion,consequently blocking the excessive ER-phagic flux.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Urumqi,China,2023D01F38).
文摘Objective:To observe the effect of Xipayimaizibizi oral liquid(XP)in an overactive bladder(OAB)experimental rat model and to explore its pharmacological mechanisms.Methods:Network pharmacology was used to explore the potential mechanisms of action of XP.The rats underwent bladder outlet obstruction surgery and were administered the corresponding drug concentrations by gavage for 4 weeks.The study observed the body weight,water intake,bladder and kidney indices(to evaluate their general status),urination behavior pattern(to observe frequency and urgency),and urodynamics(to measure bladder parameters).Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichome staining were used to observe changes in the bladder structure.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the levels of nerve growth factor,brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and acetylcholine in the urine.The key targets involved in these mechanisms were validated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction,immunohistochemistry,and western blot in vivo/vitro experiments.Result:Network pharmacological analysis predicted that XP may alleviate OAB by affecting the cholinergic synapse and calcium signaling pathways.XP treatment significantly reduced the bladder index,improved urine behavior and urodynamic parameters,decreased the neurotransmitters in urine,and reduced the thickness of the bladder wall and collagen ratio.These results indicate that XP can alleviate OAB symptoms and improve the bladder structure.In vivo/vitro experiments further demonstrated that XP can inhibit targets,such as muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 2,and participate in cholinergic synapses to further regulate the parasympathetic nervous system.It can also reduce the overexpression of Ca^(2+) caused by agonists,inhibit targets such as transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1,and participate in calcium signaling pathways to maintain Ca^(2+) homeostasis.Conclusion:These results suggest that XP inhibited bladder overactivity by maintaining Ca^(2+) homeostasis and regulating the parasympathetic nervous system.
基金supported by the Fund of China State Railway Group Corporation Limited(L2023J001)the Fund of China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited(2023YJ247).
文摘Purpose–This study aims to implement condition monitoring for urban rail train permanent magnet synchronous motors and inverter systems.Through the construction of a digital twin model,it performs fault diagnosis of potential system failures,enabling rapid fault localization and protection.Design/methodology/approach–This research begins with a brief introduction to the structure and classification of permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSMs),followed by a detailed analysis of their mathematical model.Subsequently,it thoroughly investigates the working principle of three-phase two-level inverters and the distribution of space voltage vectors.Based on the analysis of the main circuit topology,a digital twin model matching the external characteristics of the physical circuit is established using the model predictive control method,achieving accurate system simulation.Furthermore,through theoretical analysis and simulation verification of phase current characteristics under inverter switch tube faults,general patterns of phase currents under fault conditions are summarized.The established digital twin model is then employed to validate these patterns,confirming the model’s effectiveness in fault diagnosis.Findings–This study proposes a fault diagnosis method based on digital twins.Experimental and simulation results demonstrate that the established digital twin model can accurately simulate the external characteristics of the actual physical circuit,validating its effectiveness in inverter fault diagnosis.This approach offers practical value for condition monitoring in actual urban rail train systems.Originality/value–The study innovatively starts from a mathematical model and simulates the actual physical model through a virtual model,requiring only external characteristics to achieve system fault diagnosis,thereby enhancing diagnostic efficiency.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52375312)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB4605900)+3 种基金Liaoning Province Science and Technology Plan Joint Program(Grant No.2023JH2/101700299)Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Precision Special Machining and Micromanufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education for Dalian University of Technology(Grant No.B202305)Shenzhen National Major Science and Technology Projects(Grant No.CJGJZD20240729113704006)Shenzhen Key Technology R&D Programs(Grant No.JSGG20210420091802007).
文摘Laser-directed energy deposition(LDED)technology has demonstrated great potential for the rapid and integrated fabrication of nickel-based superalloy components.The plastic deformation-assisted method is crucial for achieving grain refinement and microstructural homogeneity in LDED-fabricated superalloys.However,existing methods suffer from uniformity constraints owing to their high deformation resistance,which significantly limits their application in load-bearing components.To address these issues,a synchronous-hot-forging-assisted(SHFA)LDED additive manufacturing method was proposed,and its effects on the macroscopic morphology,microstructure,and mechanical properties of GH4169 nickel-based alloy specimens were systematically compared.The results demonstrated up to 30.1%average plastic deformation in hot-forging components while maintaining good surface flatness.The synergistic effect of dislocation accumulation and dynamic recrystallization during hot forging enables dramatic grain refinement,reducing the average grain size by 89.1%(from 168.5μm to 18.4μm)while weakening texture intensity from 15.31 to 2.15,ultimately promoting equiaxed grain formation.The pores of hot-forging components changed from fine round to flat,the porosity decreased from 0.264%to 0.089%,and the densification level was significantly improved.With the increase in the synchronous hot-forging force,the average ultimate tensile strength of hot-forging components can reach 1175.1 MPa,while the anisotropy difference is gradually weakened.The SHFA-LDED process not only achieves excellent grain refinement and microstructure homogenization but also enhances mechanical properties,providing a new technical path for the additive manufacturing of high-performance nickel-based superalloy components.
