Recent advancements in developing tannin-based non-isocyanate polyurethane(NIPU)resins have unlocked new possibilities for sustainable and eco-friendly wood adhesives.Unlike conventional polyurethane,NIPUs eliminate h...Recent advancements in developing tannin-based non-isocyanate polyurethane(NIPU)resins have unlocked new possibilities for sustainable and eco-friendly wood adhesives.Unlike conventional polyurethane,NIPUs eliminate hazardous isocyanates,offering safer alternatives for industrial applications.Tannin,a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound,plays a pivotal role in enhancing these resins’fire-resistance and super-hydrophobic properties.This review highlights key developments in synthesizing tannin-based NIPU,focusing on various polymerization techniques such as polyaddition,polycondensation,ring-opening polymerization,and rearrangement.These strategies contribute to improved mechanical strength,thermal stability,and resistance to water absorption.Recent studies demonstrate that tannin-based NIPU adhesives meet or exceed international internal bonding strength,elasticity,and durability standards.Their application in wood-based composites like oriented strand boards(OSB)has shown promising results,offering improved resistance to moisture and superior dimensional stability.Furthermore,the cross-linked polymer network,supported by chemical modifications like the introduction of fluoroalkyl groups,significantly enhances hydrophobicity and fire retardancy.Despite these advancements,challenges remain in terms of scalability,cost,and integration with existing manufacturing processes.Future research should focus on optimizing reaction conditions,improving raw material availability,and developing industrial-scale production methods.This review underscores the potential of tannin-based NIPU resins as a viable and sustainable alternative for various wood composite applications.展开更多
In recent years, with the rapid development of large-scale distributed wireless sensor systems and micro-power devices, the disadvantages of traditional chemical battery power supply mode are becoming more and more ob...In recent years, with the rapid development of large-scale distributed wireless sensor systems and micro-power devices, the disadvantages of traditional chemical battery power supply mode are becoming more and more obvious. Piezoelectric energy collector has attracted wide attention because of its simple structure, no heating, no electromagnetic interference, environmental protection and easy miniaturization. Wind energy is a reproducible resource. Wind energy harvester based on piezoelectric intelligent material can be named piezoelectric wind energy harvesting which converts wind energy into electric power and will have great application prospect. To promote the development of piezoelectric wind energy harvesting technology, research statuses on piezoelectric wind energy harvesting technology are reviewed. The existing problem and development direction about piezoelectric wind energy harvester in the future are discussed. The study will be helpful for researchers engaged in piezoelectric wind energy harvesting.展开更多
Cordyceps is treasured entomopathogenic fungi that have been used as antitumor,immunomodulating,antioxidant,and pro-sexual agent.Cordyceps,also called DongChongXiaCao in Chinese,Yartsa Gunbu(Tibetan),means winter worm...Cordyceps is treasured entomopathogenic fungi that have been used as antitumor,immunomodulating,antioxidant,and pro-sexual agent.Cordyceps,also called DongChongXiaCao in Chinese,Yartsa Gunbu(Tibetan),means winter worm-summer grass.Natural Cordyceps sinensis with parasitic hosts is difficult to be collected and the recent findings on its potential pharmacological functions,resulted in skyrocketing prices.Therefore,finding a mass-production method or an alternative for C.sinensis products is a top-priority task.In this review,we describe current status of Cordyceps research and its recent developments in Taiwan.The content and pharmacological activities of four major industrial species of Cordyceps(C.sinensis,Cordyceps militaris,Cordyceps cicadae and Cordyceps sobolifera)used in Taiwan,were reviewed.Moreover,we highlighted the effect of using different methods of fermentation and production on the morphology and chemical content of Cordyceps sp.Finally,we summarized the bottle-necks and challenges facing Cordyceps research as well as we proposed future road map for Cordyceps industry in Taiwan.展开更多
Purpose–The study aims to build a high-precision longitudinal dynamics model for heavy-haul trains and validate it with line test data,present an optimization method for multi-stage cyclic brakes based on the model a...Purpose–The study aims to build a high-precision longitudinal dynamics model for heavy-haul trains and validate it with line test data,present an optimization method for multi-stage cyclic brakes based on the model and conduct a multi-objective detailed evaluation of the driver’s manipulation during cyclic braking.Design/methodology/approach–The high-precision longitudinal train dynamics model was established and verified by the cyclic braking test data of the 20,000 t heavy-haul combination train on the long and steep downgrade.Then the genetic algorithm is employed for optimization subsequent to decoupling multiple cyclic braking procedures,with due consideration of driver operation rules.For evaluation,key manipulation assessments in the scenario are prioritized,supplemented by multi-objective evaluation requirements,and the computational model is employed for detailed evaluation analysis.Findings–Based on the model,experimental data reveal that the probability of longitudinal force error being less than 64.6 kN is approximately 68%,95%for less than 129.2 kN and 99.7%for less than 193.8 kN.Upon optimizing manipulations during the cyclic braking,the maximum reduction in coupler force spans from 21%∼23.9%.Andtheevaluation scoresimply that a proper elevationof the releasingspeed favorssafety.A high electric braking force,although beneficial to some extent for energy-saving,is detrimental to reducing coupler force.Originality/value–The results will provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for further ensuring the safety and energy-efficient operation of heavy haul trains on long downhill sections and improving the operational quality of heavy-haul trains.展开更多
Purpose–This study summarizes the overall situation of the resources of the national science and technology innovation platform in the railway industry,including the distribution of platform types,supporting institut...Purpose–This study summarizes the overall situation of the resources of the national science and technology innovation platform in the railway industry,including the distribution of platform types,supporting institutions,construction sites,professional fields,etc.,to provide a reference for the further improvement and optimization of the national science and technology innovation platform system in the railway industry.Design/methodology/approach–Through literature review,field investigation,expert consultation and other methods,this paper systematically investigates and analyzes the development status of the national science and technology innovation platform in the railway industry.Findings–Taking the national science and technology innovation platform of the railway industry as the research object,this paper investigates and analyzes the construction,development and distribution of the national science and technology innovation platform of railway industry over the years.And the National Engineering Research Center of High-speed Railway and Urban Rail Transit System Technology was taken as an example to introduce its operation effect.Originality/value–China Railway has made great development achievements,with the construction and development of national science and technology innovation platform in the railway industry.In recent years,a large number of national science and technology innovation platforms have been built in the railway industry,which play an important role in railway technological innovation,standard setting and commodification,and Railway Sciences provide strong support for railway technology development.展开更多
Precise and quantitative measurement of soot particle emission plays an essential role in accurately assessing the combustion performance of aero-engine combustors and infrared signature levels in aircraft exhausts.Am...Precise and quantitative measurement of soot particle emission plays an essential role in accurately assessing the combustion performance of aero-engine combustors and infrared signature levels in aircraft exhausts.Among various intrusive or non-intrusive approaches for soot diagnostics,Laser-Induced Incandescence(LⅡ)technique has been increasingly applied for soot concentration measurement in various combustion environments such as laminar flames and internal combustion engines due to its high spatial resolution and sensitivity.As for LⅡmeasurement in aero-engine combustors,however,it normally suffers from very limited optical accesses and often faces mandatory requirements of oblique imaging from a small backward angle.In this work,we demonstrate a Two-Color(2C)LⅡsystem that simultaneously captures LⅡsignal images at two distinct wavelengths using a Scheimpflug imaging configuration.A projective transformation algorithm and image overlapping procedures were employed to spatially correct the raw Scheimpflug LⅡimages.Performance validation of the developed 2C-Scheimpflug LⅡsystem was first conducted under specified conditions in a laminar C_(2)H_(4)/air McKenna flame.The obtained Soot Volume Fraction(SVF)level and its spatial distribution are in consistent with previous studies under identical flame conditions reported by other research groups.Finally,as a demonstration of engineering benchmark application,we applied the developed 2C-Scheimpflug LⅡsystem to measure SVF distribution in the cross-section plane perpendicular to the direction of flame propagation at the exhaust of a single-sector dual-swirl aero-engine model combustor.Transient soot production events were observed and characteristics of the SVF distribution were investigated.These experimental results suggest the feasibility of the 2C-Scheimpflug LⅡtechnique developed in this work for precise and quantitative measurements of soot concentration in practical environments.展开更多
In Nilaparvata lugens,a serious and widespread rice pest,high fecundity is one of the important reasons for large populations and outbreaks.As embryogenesis is a critical process associated with insect fecundity,this ...In Nilaparvata lugens,a serious and widespread rice pest,high fecundity is one of the important reasons for large populations and outbreaks.As embryogenesis is a critical process associated with insect fecundity,this study investigated the function of the Mucin2-like gene(NlMuc2)in the embryogenesis of N.lugens.The results showed that NlMuc2 was highly expressed in female reproductive organs and in 1-day-old eggs.Knockdown of NlMuc2 via RNA interference(RNAi)in 3rd instar nymphs resulted in increased mortality.In 5th instar nymphs,NlMuc2 knockdown led to a dramatic reduction in egg hatchability from 86.0%to 24.0%,offspring numbers from 330.4 to 81.5,egg count from 382.4 to 217.0,and resulted in 86.0%of eggs exhibiting inverted embryos.In newly emerged females,NlMuc2 knockdown retarded ovarian development and decreased the number of mature eggs,with 51.0%of eggs containing inverted embryos.Transcriptome sequencing analysis of eggs revealed that numerous genes were downregulated after NlMuc2 knockdown,with 16 and 15 downregulated genes enriched in the Wnt and MAPK pathways,respectively.Temporal and spatial expression profiling of selected differentially expressed genes,including Axin,δ-Catenin,Glypican-4-like,and Ror-like in the Wnt pathway,and MKK4 in the MAPK pathway,showed expression patterns similar to NlMuc2.Knockdown of Ror-like,Glypican-4-like,or MKK4 reduced the total number of eggs.Knockdown of Axin or MKK4 reduced the egg hatchability.A similar phenotype of eggs with inverted embryos was also observed in eggs laid by dsMKK4-and dsAxin-treated females.Thus,NlMuc2 is involved in embryonic development mainly by regulating the Wnt and MAPK signaling pathways.These findings may provide new targets for pesticide design and RNAi-based control of N.lugens,and will also provide new insights into insect embryonic development and the function of insect mucins.展开更多
The evolutionarily conserved mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascades relay extracellular signals into cells,triggering a variety of cellular responses.We previously revealed NtMPK4 as a positive regulator of ni...The evolutionarily conserved mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascades relay extracellular signals into cells,triggering a variety of cellular responses.We previously revealed NtMPK4 as a positive regulator of nicotine biosynthesis;however,its upstream regulation remains unclear.Here,we characterized a MAPK cascade,comprising NtMEKK1b,NtMPKK2a,and NtMPK4,that promotes nicotine biosynthesis.This signaling module transduces external cues,including jasmonate and pathogen elicitors such as flg22,into post-translational modifications that enhance transcriptional activity and pathway gene expression.NtMPKK2a physically interacts with and phosphorylates NtMPK4 in vivo,confirming its role as an upstream kinase.RNAi-mediated silencing of NtMPKK2a significantly reduced the expression of nicotine pathway genes and decreased nicotine accumulation,whereas induced-overexpression of NtMPKK2a upregulated nicotine pathway genes and increased nicotine contents in tobacco hairy roots.Overexpression of NtMPKK2a in tobacco cells enhanced the transactivation activity of a NIC2-locus Ethylene Response Factor NtERF221 on Putrescine N-methyltransferase(NtPMT)promotor,further supporting its role in promoting nicotine biosynthesis.Furthermore,we identified NtMEKK1b,a tobacco MEKK that interacts with NtMAPKK2a in yeast cells.Knock-down of NtMEKK1b in transgenic tobacco plants attenuated the expression of nicotine pathway genes and reduced nicotine contents,whereas induced-overexpression of NtMEKK1b upregulated gene expression and nicotine accumulation.Our findings uncover a previously uncharacterized MAPK cascade module,NtMEKK1b-NtMPKK2a-NtMPK4,that regulates nicotine biosynthesis,highlighting the importance of posttranslational regulation in nicotine biosynthesis.展开更多
Fluidic Thrust Vectoring(FTV)is used for the yaw attitude control of tailless flying wing,which can significantly improve stealth performance,maneuverability and lateral/heading maneuverability.The FTV control scheme ...Fluidic Thrust Vectoring(FTV)is used for the yaw attitude control of tailless flying wing,which can significantly improve stealth performance,maneuverability and lateral/heading maneuverability.The FTV control scheme of co-directional secondary flow was designed based on a 30 kgf thrust turbojet engine,an equivalent rudder deflection control variable of Mass Flow Combination(MFC)was proposed,and a control model was established to form a FTV control system scheme,which was integrated with the flight control system of a 100 kg tailless flying wing with medium aspect ratio to achieve closed-loop control of the yaw attitude based on FTV.The heading stability augmentation and maneuvering control characteristics and time response characteristics of tailless flying wing by FTV were quantitatively studied through virtual flight test in a wind tunnel at a wind speed of 35 m/s.The results show that the control strategy based on MFC achieves bidirectional continuous and stable control of thrust vector angle in a range of±11°,and the thrust vector angle varies monotonically with MFC;the co-directional FTV realizes bidirectional continuous and stable control of the yaw attitude of tailless flying wing,without longitudinal/lateral coupling moment.The increment of the maximum yawing moment coefficient is 0.0029,the maximum yaw rate is 7.55(°)/s,and the response time of the yaw rate of the vectoring nozzle actuated by the secondary flow is about 0.06 s,which satisfies the heading stability augmentation and maneuvering control response requirements of the aircraft with statically unstable heading,and provides new control means for the heading rudderless attitude control of tailless flying wing.展开更多
The augmented evolution equation is established under the framework of the Variation Evolving Method(VEM)that seeks optimal solutions by solving the transformed Initial-Value Problems(IVPs).To improve the numerical pe...The augmented evolution equation is established under the framework of the Variation Evolving Method(VEM)that seeks optimal solutions by solving the transformed Initial-Value Problems(IVPs).To improve the numerical performance,its compact form is developed herein.Through replacing the states and costates variation evolution with that of the controls,the dimension-reduced Evolution Partial Differential Equation(EPDE)only solves the control variables along the variation time to get the optimal solution,and the initial conditions for the definite solution may be arbitrary.With this equation,the scale of the resulting IVPs,obtained via the semi-discrete method,is significantly reduced and they may be solved with common Ordinary Differential Equation(ODE)integration methods conveniently.Meanwhile,the state and the costate dynamics share consistent stability in the numerical computation and this avoids the intrinsic numerical difficulty as in the indirect methods.Numerical examples are solved and it is shown that the compact form evolution equation outperforms the primary form in the precision,and the efficiency may be higher for the dense discretization.Actually,it is uncovered that the compact form of the augmented evolution equation is a continuous realization of the Newton type iteration mechanism.展开更多
The stator of the maglev track plays a crucial role in the operation of the maglev system.Currently,the efficiency of maglev track inspection is limited by several factors,including the large span of elevated structur...The stator of the maglev track plays a crucial role in the operation of the maglev system.Currently,the efficiency of maglev track inspection is limited by several factors,including the large span of elevated structures,manual visual inspection,short inspection window times,and limited GPS positioning accuracy.To address these issues,this paper proposes a deep learning-based method for detecting and locating stator surface damage.This study establishes a maglev track stator surface image dataset,trains different object detection models,and compares their performance.Ultimately,YOLO and ByteTrack object tracking algorithms were chosen as the basic framework and enhanced to achieve automatic identification of high-speed maglev track stator surface damage images and track and count stator surface localization feature images.By matching the identified damaged images with their corresponding stator segment and beam segment sequence numbers,the location of the damage is pinpointed to the corresponding stator segment,enabling rapid and accurate identification and localization of complex damage to the maglev track stator surface.展开更多
Given the growing number of vehicle accidents caused by unintended acceleration and braking failure,verifying Sudden Unintended Acceleration(SUA)incidents has become a persistent challenge.A central issue of debate is...Given the growing number of vehicle accidents caused by unintended acceleration and braking failure,verifying Sudden Unintended Acceleration(SUA)incidents has become a persistent challenge.A central issue of debate is whether such events stem frommechanical malfunctions or driver pedalmisapplications.However,existing verification procedures implemented by vehiclemanufacturers often involve closed tests after vehicle recalls;thus raising ongoing concerns about reliability and transparency.Consequently,there is a growing need for a user-driven framework that enables independent data acquisition and verification.Although previous studies have addressed SUA detection using deep learning,few have explored howclass granularity optimization affects power efficiency and inference performance in real-time Edge AI systems.To address this problem,this work presents a cloud-assisted artificial intelligence(AI)solution for the reliable verification of SUA occurrences.The proposed system integrates multimodal sensor streams including camera-based foot images,On-Board Diagnostics II(OBD-II)signals,and six-axismeasurements to determine whether the brake pedal was actually engaged at themoment of a suspected SUA.Beyond image acquisition,convolutional neural network(CNN)models perform real-time inference to classify the driver’s pedal operation states with the resulting outputs transmitted and archived in the cloud.A dedicated dataset of brake and accelerator pedal images was collected from 15 vehicles produced by 6 domestic and international manufacturers.Using this dataset,transfer learning techniques were applied to compare and analyze model performance and generalization as the CNN class granularity varied from coarse to fine levels.Furthermore,classification performance was evaluated in terms of latency and power efficiency under different class configurations.The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed solution identified the driver’s pedal behavior accurately and promptly,with the two-class model achieving the highest F1-score and accuracy among all granularity settings.展开更多
Regenerative catalytic oxidizers(RCO)are widely used to remove volatile organic compounds(VOCs)due to their energy-saving and stability.In this study,a multi-component catalytic reaction model was constructed to numer...Regenerative catalytic oxidizers(RCO)are widely used to remove volatile organic compounds(VOCs)due to their energy-saving and stability.In this study,a multi-component catalytic reaction model was constructed to numerically investigate the reaction process of hydrocarbon-containing VOCs in RCO using computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation.To obtain the conversion characteristics of multi-component hydrocarbons,the effects of intake load,equivalence ratio,and the composition of multi-component hydrocarbons on the flow,heat transfer,and conversion rate of the reactor were analyzed.A feasibility study plan targeting the hard-to-convert components was also proposed.The results indicated that as the load increases,the conversion rates of the various components decrease,while the reaction rates increase.Moreover,increasing the flow velocity intensifies turbulence and enhances the collision frequency between the gas and the wall surfaces.This,in turn,amplifies the resistance effect of the porous medium.As the equivalence ratio of VOCs to oxygen increases,the oxygen-deficient condition leads to a decrease in the molecular weight of the hydrocarbons involved in the reaction.The reaction temperature also shows a downward trend.A comparative analysis of the catalytic combustion characteristics of multi-component VOCs and single-component gases reveals that adding ethane and propane can facilitate methane oxidation.展开更多
The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)for defect detection on railway slopes is becoming increasingly widespread due to their ability to capture high-resolution images over large,inaccessible,and topographically co...The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)for defect detection on railway slopes is becoming increasingly widespread due to their ability to capture high-resolution images over large,inaccessible,and topographically complex areas.However,current UAV-based detection methods face several critical limitations,including constrained deployment frequency,limited availability of annotated defect data,and the lack of mature risk assessment frameworks.To address these challenges,this study introduces a novel approach that integrates diffusion models with Large Language Models(LLMs)to generate highquality synthetic defect images tailored to railway slope scenarios.Furthermore,an improved transformerbased architecture is proposed,incorporating attention mechanisms and LLM-guided diffusion-generated imagery to enhance defect recognition performance under complex environmental conditions.Experimental evaluations conducted on a dataset of 300 field-collected images from high-risk railway slopes demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms existing baselines in terms of precision,recall,and robustness,indicating strong applicability for real-world railway infrastructure monitoring and disaster prevention.展开更多
The embryo rescue technique plays an essential role in developing new seedless grape varieties.To enhance the efficiency of seedless grape embryo rescue breeding,this study evaluated 22 hybrid combinations and systema...The embryo rescue technique plays an essential role in developing new seedless grape varieties.To enhance the efficiency of seedless grape embryo rescue breeding,this study evaluated 22 hybrid combinations and systematically investigated the effects of parental genotypes and plant hormones on embryo development and germination.Additionally,an in-depth analysis was conducted on the conversion of abnormal plantlets.Results indicate that‘Ruby Seedless’,‘Delight’,‘Huozhouheiyu’,‘Zitian Seedless’,and‘Zhengyan Seedless’are suitable as maternal parents,whereas‘Zitian Seedless’,‘Shennongxiangfeng’,‘Hongqitezao’,and‘Guibao’perform optimally as paternal parents.Among these,the crosses‘Ruby Seedless×Shennongxiangfeng’and‘Ruby Seedless×Zitian Seedless’exhibited the highest embryo rescue efficiency,with embryo development rates of 55.05 and 59.76%,yielding 1,348 and 2,235 viable plantlets,respectively.When 1.0 mg L^(–1) zeatin (ZT) was added to the MM3 medium supplemented with 0.2 mg L^(–1) indole-3-acetic acid (IAA),the embryo development rate of‘Ruby Seedless×Zitian Seedless’increased by 64.73%.In the WPM germination medium,supplementation with 0.2 mg L^(–1) ZT and 0.2 mg L^(–1) IAA resulted in the highest germination rate of 85.71%for the hybrid combination‘Huozhouheiyu×Shine Muscat’.Furthermore,3,365 abnormal plantlets were rescued via direct transformation and hypocotyl-induced adventitious bud regeneration,among which 1,234 were transformed into normal plantlets.Following hybridization,a total of 4,287 plants were successfully acclimatized and transplanted.This study provides theoretical insights to improve the efficiency of embryo rescue breeding in seedless grapes and offers valuable genetic resources for future breeding programs.展开更多
Different from previous attention on the austenization temperature or dwelling time of PH13-8Mo stainless steels,the effect of the cooling rate on the hierarchical microstructure and mechanical properties was revealed...Different from previous attention on the austenization temperature or dwelling time of PH13-8Mo stainless steels,the effect of the cooling rate on the hierarchical microstructure and mechanical properties was revealed.For all of water,oil,air and furnace cooling,there is almost-complete martensite with the favorable hardenability.The increase in cooling rate mainly increases the density of dislocation and residual strain in the as-solution annealed matrix.After aging treatment,the cooling rate dominates the ratio of high-angle grain boundaries(HAGBs)instead of the size of martensite blocks.The ratio of HAGBs continuously increases with the decreased cooling rate,while the width of blocks maintains 2.40-2.49μm.Meanwhile,more reversed austenite distributes at the martensite sub-grain boundaries.By comparison,the increased rate of water cooling contributes to a favorable precipitation of NiAl with fine size and dispersive distribution caused by more accumulated internal defects of vacancies and dislocations.With the decrease of cooling rate,NiAl precipitates exhibits a similar diameter of~7 nm while a larger inter-particle distance of~22 nm.In the case of low cooling rate(oil,air and furnace),the stable precipitation strengthening effect contributes to a high yield strength of~1.3 GPa and ultimate tensile strength of~1.4 GPa.The high-ratio HAGBs,reversed austenite and NiAl precipitates with larger-interparticle distance synergistically improve the impact toughness(V-notched Charpy impact energy of 100-110 J).展开更多
Silicon(Si)-based anodes have emerged as promising candidates for the next-generation lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to their high theoretical capacity(4200 mAh g^(-1)).However,their further application is hindered by...Silicon(Si)-based anodes have emerged as promising candidates for the next-generation lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to their high theoretical capacity(4200 mAh g^(-1)).However,their further application is hindered by critical challenges,including severe volume expansion(~300%),formation of unstable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI),and inherently low conductivity.While extensive research has sought to alleviate the substantial internal stress caused by volume expansion through the rational design of Si-based anode structures,the underlying mechanisms that govern these improvements remain insufficiently understood,leaving significant gaps in mechanical and interface electrical failure.To build a comprehensive understanding relationship between structural design and performance enhancement of Si-based anodes,this review first analyzes the characteristics of various Sibased anode structures and their associated internal stresses.Subsequently,it summarizes effective strategies to optimize the performance of Si-based anodes,including doping design,novel electrolyte design,and fu nctional binder design.Additionally,we assess emerging technologies with high commercial potential for structural design and interfacial modification,such as porous carbon carriers,chemical vapor deposition(CVD),spray granulation,and pre-lithiation.Finally,this work provides perspectives on the structural design of Si-based anodes.Overall,this review systematically summarizes modification strategies for Si-based anodes through structural regulation and interface engineering,thereby providing a foundation for advanced structural and interfacial design.展开更多
Laser-induced aerosols,predominantly submicron in size,pose significant environmental and health risks during the decommissioning of nuclear reactors.This study experimentally investigated the removal of laser-generat...Laser-induced aerosols,predominantly submicron in size,pose significant environmental and health risks during the decommissioning of nuclear reactors.This study experimentally investigated the removal of laser-generated aerosol particles using a water spray system integrated with an innovative system for pre-injecting electrically charged mist in our facility.To simulate aerosol generation in reactor decommissioning,a high-power laser was used to irradiate various materials(including stainless steel,carbon steel,and concrete),generating aerosol particles that were agglomerated with injected water mist and subsequently scavenged by water spray.Experimental results demonstrate enhanced aerosol removal via aerosol-mist agglomeration,with charged mist significantly improving particle capture by increasing wettability and size.The average improvements for the stainless steel,carbon steel,and concrete were 40%,44%,and 21%,respectively.The results of experiments using charged mist with different polarities(both positive and negative)and different surface coatings reveal that the dominant polarity of aerosols varies with the irradiated materials,influenced by their crystal structure and electron emission properties.Notably,surface coatings such as ZrO_(2)and CeO_(2)were found to possibly alter aerosol charging characteristics,thereby affecting aerosol removal efficiency with charged mist configurations.The innovative aerosol-mist agglomeration approach shows promise in mitigating radiation exposure,ensuring environmental safety,and reducing contaminated water during reactor dismantling.This study contributes critical knowledge for the development of advanced aerosol management strategies for nuclear reactor decommissioning.The understanding obtained in this work is also expected to be useful for various environmental and chemical engineering applications such as gas decontamination,air purification,and pollution control.展开更多
Monoculture and intensive fertiliser use in the cultivation of Robusta coffee(Coffea canephora var.Robusta)and black pepper(Piper nigrum L.)have led to soil degradation and increased disease pressure in Vietnam's ...Monoculture and intensive fertiliser use in the cultivation of Robusta coffee(Coffea canephora var.Robusta)and black pepper(Piper nigrum L.)have led to soil degradation and increased disease pressure in Vietnam's Central Highlands.To identify key factors driving soilborne diseases and threatening sustainable production,a soil and root survey was conducted across three provinces:Gia Lai,Dak Lak,and Dak Nong.Soils were characterised by high clay content(51.2-62.0%),moderate silt(35.5-46.0%),and low sand(2.5-2.8%),with a notably low cation exchange capacity(7.72-8.04 cmol_(c) kg^(−1)).The soils were strongly acidic,with average pH values of 4.51 in coffee farms and 5.45 in pepper farms.Despite sufficient levels of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K),soilborne pathogens were widespread.Fusarium spp.were detected in all samples,Phytophthora spp.in 64-76%of black pepper farms,and plant-parasitic nematodes in 67-84%of farms,with Meloidogyne spp.predominant.Fusarium density increased with soil acidity in coffee plantations.In coffee,nematode density was positively correlated with N input,while in black pepper,N was negatively correlated with Phytophthora.Organic matter and available K were negatively associated with Fusarium in coffee but positively with Phytophthora in black pepper.These findings underscore the need for integrated management of nutrients and pathogens to sustain perennial crop production in the region.展开更多
To understand fundamental problems in hypersonic laminar-turbulent boundary layer transition for three-dimensional complex vehicles,a new standard model with typical lifting-body features has been proposed,named as hy...To understand fundamental problems in hypersonic laminar-turbulent boundary layer transition for three-dimensional complex vehicles,a new standard model with typical lifting-body features has been proposed,named as hypersonic transition research vehicle(HyTRV).The configuration of HyTRV is fully analytical,and details of the design process are discussed in this study.The transition characteristics for HyTRV are investigated using three combined methods,i.e.,theoretical analyses,numerical simulations,and wind tunnel experiments.Results show that the fully analytic parameterization design of HyTRV can satisfy the model simplification requirements from both numerical simulations and wind tunnel experiments.Meanwhile,the flow field of HyTRV reveals typical transition mechanisms in six relatively separated regions,including the streamwise vortex instability,crossflow instability,secondary instability,and attachment-line instability.Therefore,the proposed HyTRV model is valuable for fundamental researches in hypersonic boundary layer transition.展开更多
基金funded by the LPDP-RIIM,Research Grant No.18/IV/KS/06/2022 and 4830/IT3.L1/PT.01.03/P/B/2022,titled Pengembangan Produk Oriented Strand Board Unggul dari Kayu Ringan dan Cepat Tumbuh dalam Rangka Pengembangan Produk Biokomposit Prospektif.
文摘Recent advancements in developing tannin-based non-isocyanate polyurethane(NIPU)resins have unlocked new possibilities for sustainable and eco-friendly wood adhesives.Unlike conventional polyurethane,NIPUs eliminate hazardous isocyanates,offering safer alternatives for industrial applications.Tannin,a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound,plays a pivotal role in enhancing these resins’fire-resistance and super-hydrophobic properties.This review highlights key developments in synthesizing tannin-based NIPU,focusing on various polymerization techniques such as polyaddition,polycondensation,ring-opening polymerization,and rearrangement.These strategies contribute to improved mechanical strength,thermal stability,and resistance to water absorption.Recent studies demonstrate that tannin-based NIPU adhesives meet or exceed international internal bonding strength,elasticity,and durability standards.Their application in wood-based composites like oriented strand boards(OSB)has shown promising results,offering improved resistance to moisture and superior dimensional stability.Furthermore,the cross-linked polymer network,supported by chemical modifications like the introduction of fluoroalkyl groups,significantly enhances hydrophobicity and fire retardancy.Despite these advancements,challenges remain in terms of scalability,cost,and integration with existing manufacturing processes.Future research should focus on optimizing reaction conditions,improving raw material availability,and developing industrial-scale production methods.This review underscores the potential of tannin-based NIPU resins as a viable and sustainable alternative for various wood composite applications.
文摘In recent years, with the rapid development of large-scale distributed wireless sensor systems and micro-power devices, the disadvantages of traditional chemical battery power supply mode are becoming more and more obvious. Piezoelectric energy collector has attracted wide attention because of its simple structure, no heating, no electromagnetic interference, environmental protection and easy miniaturization. Wind energy is a reproducible resource. Wind energy harvester based on piezoelectric intelligent material can be named piezoelectric wind energy harvesting which converts wind energy into electric power and will have great application prospect. To promote the development of piezoelectric wind energy harvesting technology, research statuses on piezoelectric wind energy harvesting technology are reviewed. The existing problem and development direction about piezoelectric wind energy harvester in the future are discussed. The study will be helpful for researchers engaged in piezoelectric wind energy harvesting.
文摘Cordyceps is treasured entomopathogenic fungi that have been used as antitumor,immunomodulating,antioxidant,and pro-sexual agent.Cordyceps,also called DongChongXiaCao in Chinese,Yartsa Gunbu(Tibetan),means winter worm-summer grass.Natural Cordyceps sinensis with parasitic hosts is difficult to be collected and the recent findings on its potential pharmacological functions,resulted in skyrocketing prices.Therefore,finding a mass-production method or an alternative for C.sinensis products is a top-priority task.In this review,we describe current status of Cordyceps research and its recent developments in Taiwan.The content and pharmacological activities of four major industrial species of Cordyceps(C.sinensis,Cordyceps militaris,Cordyceps cicadae and Cordyceps sobolifera)used in Taiwan,were reviewed.Moreover,we highlighted the effect of using different methods of fermentation and production on the morphology and chemical content of Cordyceps sp.Finally,we summarized the bottle-necks and challenges facing Cordyceps research as well as we proposed future road map for Cordyceps industry in Taiwan.
文摘Purpose–The study aims to build a high-precision longitudinal dynamics model for heavy-haul trains and validate it with line test data,present an optimization method for multi-stage cyclic brakes based on the model and conduct a multi-objective detailed evaluation of the driver’s manipulation during cyclic braking.Design/methodology/approach–The high-precision longitudinal train dynamics model was established and verified by the cyclic braking test data of the 20,000 t heavy-haul combination train on the long and steep downgrade.Then the genetic algorithm is employed for optimization subsequent to decoupling multiple cyclic braking procedures,with due consideration of driver operation rules.For evaluation,key manipulation assessments in the scenario are prioritized,supplemented by multi-objective evaluation requirements,and the computational model is employed for detailed evaluation analysis.Findings–Based on the model,experimental data reveal that the probability of longitudinal force error being less than 64.6 kN is approximately 68%,95%for less than 129.2 kN and 99.7%for less than 193.8 kN.Upon optimizing manipulations during the cyclic braking,the maximum reduction in coupler force spans from 21%∼23.9%.Andtheevaluation scoresimply that a proper elevationof the releasingspeed favorssafety.A high electric braking force,although beneficial to some extent for energy-saving,is detrimental to reducing coupler force.Originality/value–The results will provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for further ensuring the safety and energy-efficient operation of heavy haul trains on long downhill sections and improving the operational quality of heavy-haul trains.
文摘Purpose–This study summarizes the overall situation of the resources of the national science and technology innovation platform in the railway industry,including the distribution of platform types,supporting institutions,construction sites,professional fields,etc.,to provide a reference for the further improvement and optimization of the national science and technology innovation platform system in the railway industry.Design/methodology/approach–Through literature review,field investigation,expert consultation and other methods,this paper systematically investigates and analyzes the development status of the national science and technology innovation platform in the railway industry.Findings–Taking the national science and technology innovation platform of the railway industry as the research object,this paper investigates and analyzes the construction,development and distribution of the national science and technology innovation platform of railway industry over the years.And the National Engineering Research Center of High-speed Railway and Urban Rail Transit System Technology was taken as an example to introduce its operation effect.Originality/value–China Railway has made great development achievements,with the construction and development of national science and technology innovation platform in the railway industry.In recent years,a large number of national science and technology innovation platforms have been built in the railway industry,which play an important role in railway technological innovation,standard setting and commodification,and Railway Sciences provide strong support for railway technology development.
基金supported by the Equipment Test and Evaluation Technology Research Project,China(No.2100070017)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,China(No.24JRRA415)。
文摘Precise and quantitative measurement of soot particle emission plays an essential role in accurately assessing the combustion performance of aero-engine combustors and infrared signature levels in aircraft exhausts.Among various intrusive or non-intrusive approaches for soot diagnostics,Laser-Induced Incandescence(LⅡ)technique has been increasingly applied for soot concentration measurement in various combustion environments such as laminar flames and internal combustion engines due to its high spatial resolution and sensitivity.As for LⅡmeasurement in aero-engine combustors,however,it normally suffers from very limited optical accesses and often faces mandatory requirements of oblique imaging from a small backward angle.In this work,we demonstrate a Two-Color(2C)LⅡsystem that simultaneously captures LⅡsignal images at two distinct wavelengths using a Scheimpflug imaging configuration.A projective transformation algorithm and image overlapping procedures were employed to spatially correct the raw Scheimpflug LⅡimages.Performance validation of the developed 2C-Scheimpflug LⅡsystem was first conducted under specified conditions in a laminar C_(2)H_(4)/air McKenna flame.The obtained Soot Volume Fraction(SVF)level and its spatial distribution are in consistent with previous studies under identical flame conditions reported by other research groups.Finally,as a demonstration of engineering benchmark application,we applied the developed 2C-Scheimpflug LⅡsystem to measure SVF distribution in the cross-section plane perpendicular to the direction of flame propagation at the exhaust of a single-sector dual-swirl aero-engine model combustor.Transient soot production events were observed and characteristics of the SVF distribution were investigated.These experimental results suggest the feasibility of the 2C-Scheimpflug LⅡtechnique developed in this work for precise and quantitative measurements of soot concentration in practical environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32272538)China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-01)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Public Welfare Research Institute,China(Grant No.CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202406).
文摘In Nilaparvata lugens,a serious and widespread rice pest,high fecundity is one of the important reasons for large populations and outbreaks.As embryogenesis is a critical process associated with insect fecundity,this study investigated the function of the Mucin2-like gene(NlMuc2)in the embryogenesis of N.lugens.The results showed that NlMuc2 was highly expressed in female reproductive organs and in 1-day-old eggs.Knockdown of NlMuc2 via RNA interference(RNAi)in 3rd instar nymphs resulted in increased mortality.In 5th instar nymphs,NlMuc2 knockdown led to a dramatic reduction in egg hatchability from 86.0%to 24.0%,offspring numbers from 330.4 to 81.5,egg count from 382.4 to 217.0,and resulted in 86.0%of eggs exhibiting inverted embryos.In newly emerged females,NlMuc2 knockdown retarded ovarian development and decreased the number of mature eggs,with 51.0%of eggs containing inverted embryos.Transcriptome sequencing analysis of eggs revealed that numerous genes were downregulated after NlMuc2 knockdown,with 16 and 15 downregulated genes enriched in the Wnt and MAPK pathways,respectively.Temporal and spatial expression profiling of selected differentially expressed genes,including Axin,δ-Catenin,Glypican-4-like,and Ror-like in the Wnt pathway,and MKK4 in the MAPK pathway,showed expression patterns similar to NlMuc2.Knockdown of Ror-like,Glypican-4-like,or MKK4 reduced the total number of eggs.Knockdown of Axin or MKK4 reduced the egg hatchability.A similar phenotype of eggs with inverted embryos was also observed in eggs laid by dsMKK4-and dsAxin-treated females.Thus,NlMuc2 is involved in embryonic development mainly by regulating the Wnt and MAPK signaling pathways.These findings may provide new targets for pesticide design and RNAi-based control of N.lugens,and will also provide new insights into insect embryonic development and the function of insect mucins.
基金supported partially by the Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center(KTRDC),University of Kentucky.
文摘The evolutionarily conserved mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascades relay extracellular signals into cells,triggering a variety of cellular responses.We previously revealed NtMPK4 as a positive regulator of nicotine biosynthesis;however,its upstream regulation remains unclear.Here,we characterized a MAPK cascade,comprising NtMEKK1b,NtMPKK2a,and NtMPK4,that promotes nicotine biosynthesis.This signaling module transduces external cues,including jasmonate and pathogen elicitors such as flg22,into post-translational modifications that enhance transcriptional activity and pathway gene expression.NtMPKK2a physically interacts with and phosphorylates NtMPK4 in vivo,confirming its role as an upstream kinase.RNAi-mediated silencing of NtMPKK2a significantly reduced the expression of nicotine pathway genes and decreased nicotine accumulation,whereas induced-overexpression of NtMPKK2a upregulated nicotine pathway genes and increased nicotine contents in tobacco hairy roots.Overexpression of NtMPKK2a in tobacco cells enhanced the transactivation activity of a NIC2-locus Ethylene Response Factor NtERF221 on Putrescine N-methyltransferase(NtPMT)promotor,further supporting its role in promoting nicotine biosynthesis.Furthermore,we identified NtMEKK1b,a tobacco MEKK that interacts with NtMAPKK2a in yeast cells.Knock-down of NtMEKK1b in transgenic tobacco plants attenuated the expression of nicotine pathway genes and reduced nicotine contents,whereas induced-overexpression of NtMEKK1b upregulated gene expression and nicotine accumulation.Our findings uncover a previously uncharacterized MAPK cascade module,NtMEKK1b-NtMPKK2a-NtMPK4,that regulates nicotine biosynthesis,highlighting the importance of posttranslational regulation in nicotine biosynthesis.
文摘Fluidic Thrust Vectoring(FTV)is used for the yaw attitude control of tailless flying wing,which can significantly improve stealth performance,maneuverability and lateral/heading maneuverability.The FTV control scheme of co-directional secondary flow was designed based on a 30 kgf thrust turbojet engine,an equivalent rudder deflection control variable of Mass Flow Combination(MFC)was proposed,and a control model was established to form a FTV control system scheme,which was integrated with the flight control system of a 100 kg tailless flying wing with medium aspect ratio to achieve closed-loop control of the yaw attitude based on FTV.The heading stability augmentation and maneuvering control characteristics and time response characteristics of tailless flying wing by FTV were quantitatively studied through virtual flight test in a wind tunnel at a wind speed of 35 m/s.The results show that the control strategy based on MFC achieves bidirectional continuous and stable control of thrust vector angle in a range of±11°,and the thrust vector angle varies monotonically with MFC;the co-directional FTV realizes bidirectional continuous and stable control of the yaw attitude of tailless flying wing,without longitudinal/lateral coupling moment.The increment of the maximum yawing moment coefficient is 0.0029,the maximum yaw rate is 7.55(°)/s,and the response time of the yaw rate of the vectoring nozzle actuated by the secondary flow is about 0.06 s,which satisfies the heading stability augmentation and maneuvering control response requirements of the aircraft with statically unstable heading,and provides new control means for the heading rudderless attitude control of tailless flying wing.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11902332。
文摘The augmented evolution equation is established under the framework of the Variation Evolving Method(VEM)that seeks optimal solutions by solving the transformed Initial-Value Problems(IVPs).To improve the numerical performance,its compact form is developed herein.Through replacing the states and costates variation evolution with that of the controls,the dimension-reduced Evolution Partial Differential Equation(EPDE)only solves the control variables along the variation time to get the optimal solution,and the initial conditions for the definite solution may be arbitrary.With this equation,the scale of the resulting IVPs,obtained via the semi-discrete method,is significantly reduced and they may be solved with common Ordinary Differential Equation(ODE)integration methods conveniently.Meanwhile,the state and the costate dynamics share consistent stability in the numerical computation and this avoids the intrinsic numerical difficulty as in the indirect methods.Numerical examples are solved and it is shown that the compact form evolution equation outperforms the primary form in the precision,and the efficiency may be higher for the dense discretization.Actually,it is uncovered that the compact form of the augmented evolution equation is a continuous realization of the Newton type iteration mechanism.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 52432012in part by the Shanghai Science and Technology Project with 25ZR1402508。
文摘The stator of the maglev track plays a crucial role in the operation of the maglev system.Currently,the efficiency of maglev track inspection is limited by several factors,including the large span of elevated structures,manual visual inspection,short inspection window times,and limited GPS positioning accuracy.To address these issues,this paper proposes a deep learning-based method for detecting and locating stator surface damage.This study establishes a maglev track stator surface image dataset,trains different object detection models,and compares their performance.Ultimately,YOLO and ByteTrack object tracking algorithms were chosen as the basic framework and enhanced to achieve automatic identification of high-speed maglev track stator surface damage images and track and count stator surface localization feature images.By matching the identified damaged images with their corresponding stator segment and beam segment sequence numbers,the location of the damage is pinpointed to the corresponding stator segment,enabling rapid and accurate identification and localization of complex damage to the maglev track stator surface.
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program to Research Institute for Basic Sciences(RIBS)of Jeju National University through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(RS-2019-NR040080)This research was also carried out with the support of the Jeju RISE Center,funded by the Ministry of Education and Jeju Special Self-Governing Province in 2025,as part of the“Regional Innovation System&Education(RISE):Glocal University 30”initiative.
文摘Given the growing number of vehicle accidents caused by unintended acceleration and braking failure,verifying Sudden Unintended Acceleration(SUA)incidents has become a persistent challenge.A central issue of debate is whether such events stem frommechanical malfunctions or driver pedalmisapplications.However,existing verification procedures implemented by vehiclemanufacturers often involve closed tests after vehicle recalls;thus raising ongoing concerns about reliability and transparency.Consequently,there is a growing need for a user-driven framework that enables independent data acquisition and verification.Although previous studies have addressed SUA detection using deep learning,few have explored howclass granularity optimization affects power efficiency and inference performance in real-time Edge AI systems.To address this problem,this work presents a cloud-assisted artificial intelligence(AI)solution for the reliable verification of SUA occurrences.The proposed system integrates multimodal sensor streams including camera-based foot images,On-Board Diagnostics II(OBD-II)signals,and six-axismeasurements to determine whether the brake pedal was actually engaged at themoment of a suspected SUA.Beyond image acquisition,convolutional neural network(CNN)models perform real-time inference to classify the driver’s pedal operation states with the resulting outputs transmitted and archived in the cloud.A dedicated dataset of brake and accelerator pedal images was collected from 15 vehicles produced by 6 domestic and international manufacturers.Using this dataset,transfer learning techniques were applied to compare and analyze model performance and generalization as the CNN class granularity varied from coarse to fine levels.Furthermore,classification performance was evaluated in terms of latency and power efficiency under different class configurations.The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed solution identified the driver’s pedal behavior accurately and promptly,with the two-class model achieving the highest F1-score and accuracy among all granularity settings.
基金supported by National Key Research&Development Program of China(2022YFB4101500).
文摘Regenerative catalytic oxidizers(RCO)are widely used to remove volatile organic compounds(VOCs)due to their energy-saving and stability.In this study,a multi-component catalytic reaction model was constructed to numerically investigate the reaction process of hydrocarbon-containing VOCs in RCO using computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation.To obtain the conversion characteristics of multi-component hydrocarbons,the effects of intake load,equivalence ratio,and the composition of multi-component hydrocarbons on the flow,heat transfer,and conversion rate of the reactor were analyzed.A feasibility study plan targeting the hard-to-convert components was also proposed.The results indicated that as the load increases,the conversion rates of the various components decrease,while the reaction rates increase.Moreover,increasing the flow velocity intensifies turbulence and enhances the collision frequency between the gas and the wall surfaces.This,in turn,amplifies the resistance effect of the porous medium.As the equivalence ratio of VOCs to oxygen increases,the oxygen-deficient condition leads to a decrease in the molecular weight of the hydrocarbons involved in the reaction.The reaction temperature also shows a downward trend.A comparative analysis of the catalytic combustion characteristics of multi-component VOCs and single-component gases reveals that adding ethane and propane can facilitate methane oxidation.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 52432012in part by the Shanghai Science and Technology Project with 25ZR1402508。
文摘The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)for defect detection on railway slopes is becoming increasingly widespread due to their ability to capture high-resolution images over large,inaccessible,and topographically complex areas.However,current UAV-based detection methods face several critical limitations,including constrained deployment frequency,limited availability of annotated defect data,and the lack of mature risk assessment frameworks.To address these challenges,this study introduces a novel approach that integrates diffusion models with Large Language Models(LLMs)to generate highquality synthetic defect images tailored to railway slope scenarios.Furthermore,an improved transformerbased architecture is proposed,incorporating attention mechanisms and LLM-guided diffusion-generated imagery to enhance defect recognition performance under complex environmental conditions.Experimental evaluations conducted on a dataset of 300 field-collected images from high-risk railway slopes demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms existing baselines in terms of precision,recall,and robustness,indicating strong applicability for real-world railway infrastructure monitoring and disaster prevention.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-29-yc-3)。
文摘The embryo rescue technique plays an essential role in developing new seedless grape varieties.To enhance the efficiency of seedless grape embryo rescue breeding,this study evaluated 22 hybrid combinations and systematically investigated the effects of parental genotypes and plant hormones on embryo development and germination.Additionally,an in-depth analysis was conducted on the conversion of abnormal plantlets.Results indicate that‘Ruby Seedless’,‘Delight’,‘Huozhouheiyu’,‘Zitian Seedless’,and‘Zhengyan Seedless’are suitable as maternal parents,whereas‘Zitian Seedless’,‘Shennongxiangfeng’,‘Hongqitezao’,and‘Guibao’perform optimally as paternal parents.Among these,the crosses‘Ruby Seedless×Shennongxiangfeng’and‘Ruby Seedless×Zitian Seedless’exhibited the highest embryo rescue efficiency,with embryo development rates of 55.05 and 59.76%,yielding 1,348 and 2,235 viable plantlets,respectively.When 1.0 mg L^(–1) zeatin (ZT) was added to the MM3 medium supplemented with 0.2 mg L^(–1) indole-3-acetic acid (IAA),the embryo development rate of‘Ruby Seedless×Zitian Seedless’increased by 64.73%.In the WPM germination medium,supplementation with 0.2 mg L^(–1) ZT and 0.2 mg L^(–1) IAA resulted in the highest germination rate of 85.71%for the hybrid combination‘Huozhouheiyu×Shine Muscat’.Furthermore,3,365 abnormal plantlets were rescued via direct transformation and hypocotyl-induced adventitious bud regeneration,among which 1,234 were transformed into normal plantlets.Following hybridization,a total of 4,287 plants were successfully acclimatized and transplanted.This study provides theoretical insights to improve the efficiency of embryo rescue breeding in seedless grapes and offers valuable genetic resources for future breeding programs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2024YFB3714200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52173305,52233017,52203384,U244120568 and U2441261)+1 种基金the Key Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.RCJJ-145-24-40)LingChuang Research Project of China National Nuclear Corporation,and Special Funds for Science and Technology Planning of Jiangsu Province(No.BZ2024059).
文摘Different from previous attention on the austenization temperature or dwelling time of PH13-8Mo stainless steels,the effect of the cooling rate on the hierarchical microstructure and mechanical properties was revealed.For all of water,oil,air and furnace cooling,there is almost-complete martensite with the favorable hardenability.The increase in cooling rate mainly increases the density of dislocation and residual strain in the as-solution annealed matrix.After aging treatment,the cooling rate dominates the ratio of high-angle grain boundaries(HAGBs)instead of the size of martensite blocks.The ratio of HAGBs continuously increases with the decreased cooling rate,while the width of blocks maintains 2.40-2.49μm.Meanwhile,more reversed austenite distributes at the martensite sub-grain boundaries.By comparison,the increased rate of water cooling contributes to a favorable precipitation of NiAl with fine size and dispersive distribution caused by more accumulated internal defects of vacancies and dislocations.With the decrease of cooling rate,NiAl precipitates exhibits a similar diameter of~7 nm while a larger inter-particle distance of~22 nm.In the case of low cooling rate(oil,air and furnace),the stable precipitation strengthening effect contributes to a high yield strength of~1.3 GPa and ultimate tensile strength of~1.4 GPa.The high-ratio HAGBs,reversed austenite and NiAl precipitates with larger-interparticle distance synergistically improve the impact toughness(V-notched Charpy impact energy of 100-110 J).
基金supported by the Science and Technology Plan of Fujian Provincial,China(2022G02020 and 2022H6002)the Collaborative Innovation Platform Project for Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage Technology,Fuxiaquan National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone,China(3502ZCQXT2022001)+1 种基金the Significant Science and Technology Project of Xiamen(the Future Industrial Area),China(3502Z20231058)the Scientific Research Startup Funding for Special Professor of Minjiang Scholars。
文摘Silicon(Si)-based anodes have emerged as promising candidates for the next-generation lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to their high theoretical capacity(4200 mAh g^(-1)).However,their further application is hindered by critical challenges,including severe volume expansion(~300%),formation of unstable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI),and inherently low conductivity.While extensive research has sought to alleviate the substantial internal stress caused by volume expansion through the rational design of Si-based anode structures,the underlying mechanisms that govern these improvements remain insufficiently understood,leaving significant gaps in mechanical and interface electrical failure.To build a comprehensive understanding relationship between structural design and performance enhancement of Si-based anodes,this review first analyzes the characteristics of various Sibased anode structures and their associated internal stresses.Subsequently,it summarizes effective strategies to optimize the performance of Si-based anodes,including doping design,novel electrolyte design,and fu nctional binder design.Additionally,we assess emerging technologies with high commercial potential for structural design and interfacial modification,such as porous carbon carriers,chemical vapor deposition(CVD),spray granulation,and pre-lithiation.Finally,this work provides perspectives on the structural design of Si-based anodes.Overall,this review systematically summarizes modification strategies for Si-based anodes through structural regulation and interface engineering,thereby providing a foundation for advanced structural and interfacial design.
基金financial support from the Nuclear Energy Science&Technology and Human Resource Development Project of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency/Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science(No.R04I034)The author Ruicong Xu appreciates the scholarship(financial support)from the China Scholarship Council(CSC,No.202106380073).
文摘Laser-induced aerosols,predominantly submicron in size,pose significant environmental and health risks during the decommissioning of nuclear reactors.This study experimentally investigated the removal of laser-generated aerosol particles using a water spray system integrated with an innovative system for pre-injecting electrically charged mist in our facility.To simulate aerosol generation in reactor decommissioning,a high-power laser was used to irradiate various materials(including stainless steel,carbon steel,and concrete),generating aerosol particles that were agglomerated with injected water mist and subsequently scavenged by water spray.Experimental results demonstrate enhanced aerosol removal via aerosol-mist agglomeration,with charged mist significantly improving particle capture by increasing wettability and size.The average improvements for the stainless steel,carbon steel,and concrete were 40%,44%,and 21%,respectively.The results of experiments using charged mist with different polarities(both positive and negative)and different surface coatings reveal that the dominant polarity of aerosols varies with the irradiated materials,influenced by their crystal structure and electron emission properties.Notably,surface coatings such as ZrO_(2)and CeO_(2)were found to possibly alter aerosol charging characteristics,thereby affecting aerosol removal efficiency with charged mist configurations.The innovative aerosol-mist agglomeration approach shows promise in mitigating radiation exposure,ensuring environmental safety,and reducing contaminated water during reactor dismantling.This study contributes critical knowledge for the development of advanced aerosol management strategies for nuclear reactor decommissioning.The understanding obtained in this work is also expected to be useful for various environmental and chemical engineering applications such as gas decontamination,air purification,and pollution control.
基金funded by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research(ACIAR)project“AGB-2018-175:Enhancing smallholder livelihoods in the Central Highlands of Viet Nam through improving the sustainability of coffee and black pepper farming systems and value chains”and Deakin University.
文摘Monoculture and intensive fertiliser use in the cultivation of Robusta coffee(Coffea canephora var.Robusta)and black pepper(Piper nigrum L.)have led to soil degradation and increased disease pressure in Vietnam's Central Highlands.To identify key factors driving soilborne diseases and threatening sustainable production,a soil and root survey was conducted across three provinces:Gia Lai,Dak Lak,and Dak Nong.Soils were characterised by high clay content(51.2-62.0%),moderate silt(35.5-46.0%),and low sand(2.5-2.8%),with a notably low cation exchange capacity(7.72-8.04 cmol_(c) kg^(−1)).The soils were strongly acidic,with average pH values of 4.51 in coffee farms and 5.45 in pepper farms.Despite sufficient levels of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K),soilborne pathogens were widespread.Fusarium spp.were detected in all samples,Phytophthora spp.in 64-76%of black pepper farms,and plant-parasitic nematodes in 67-84%of farms,with Meloidogyne spp.predominant.Fusarium density increased with soil acidity in coffee plantations.In coffee,nematode density was positively correlated with N input,while in black pepper,N was negatively correlated with Phytophthora.Organic matter and available K were negatively associated with Fusarium in coffee but positively with Phytophthora in black pepper.These findings underscore the need for integrated management of nutrients and pathogens to sustain perennial crop production in the region.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 11702315,92052301)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant 2016YFA0401200).
文摘To understand fundamental problems in hypersonic laminar-turbulent boundary layer transition for three-dimensional complex vehicles,a new standard model with typical lifting-body features has been proposed,named as hypersonic transition research vehicle(HyTRV).The configuration of HyTRV is fully analytical,and details of the design process are discussed in this study.The transition characteristics for HyTRV are investigated using three combined methods,i.e.,theoretical analyses,numerical simulations,and wind tunnel experiments.Results show that the fully analytic parameterization design of HyTRV can satisfy the model simplification requirements from both numerical simulations and wind tunnel experiments.Meanwhile,the flow field of HyTRV reveals typical transition mechanisms in six relatively separated regions,including the streamwise vortex instability,crossflow instability,secondary instability,and attachment-line instability.Therefore,the proposed HyTRV model is valuable for fundamental researches in hypersonic boundary layer transition.
