This study examined the interdisciplinary construction of integrated circuit science and engineering(ICsE)in China through a multi-case study of the 19 universities authorized to offer primary discipline degree progra...This study examined the interdisciplinary construction of integrated circuit science and engineering(ICsE)in China through a multi-case study of the 19 universities authorized to offer primary discipline degree programs.It investigated the overall objectives,teaching frameworks,and institutional mechanisms for independently cultivating outstanding engineers in the field of integrated circuit(IC).The results indicated that three key elements play a pivotal role in talent cultivation:(1)the objective of developing an integrated discipline to support collaborative innovation in the entire industrial chain,(2)the integrated teaching process combining action learning with authentic learning,and(3)the synergistic institutional innovation and innovative science-industry-education integration ecosystem.This study proposed that to improve the quality of independent talent cultivation in key and core technologies,it is urgent to reconstruct an integrated engineering curriculum system,embed authentic engineering learning environments,and build a talent cultivation ecosystem spanning the entire industrial chain.展开更多
The traditional degradation of organic pollutants is based on the sacrifice of chemical or biological reagents. In this study, a purely physical technique was developed to break the chemical bonds and consequently dec...The traditional degradation of organic pollutants is based on the sacrifice of chemical or biological reagents. In this study, a purely physical technique was developed to break the chemical bonds and consequently decompose macromolecules in aqueous solution. Assisted with a high-speed mechanical blade, refined quartz sand grains with particularly sharp nanoscale edges can act as ‘nano-knives', which are able to cut the long chain of carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC, as a model molecule). High performance size exclusion chromatography measurements evidenced that the original CMC molecules(41,000 Da) were decomposed into a series of smaller molecules(460, 1000, 2200, 21,000, 27,000 and 31,000 Da). Consequently, the initial viscosity of the CMC solution(2 g/L) rapidly decreased by approximately 50% after 3 min treatment by the nano-knife materials along with the mechanical blade. Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectra indicated that the original functional groups were still present and new functional groups were not produced after shearing. The intensity of the main functional groupβ-1-4-glycosidic bond(wavenumber 1062 cm-1) was observed to markedly decrease after shearing. These results indicated that the long-chain CMC was cleaved into short-chain CMC. A degradation mechanism was proposed whereby the cutting force generated by the rapid motion of the nano-knives may be responsible for the breakage of β-1-4-glycosidic bonds in the macromolecular cellulose backbone. These results provide support for a potentially more affordable and environment-friendly strategy for physical-based decomposition of recalcitrant organic pollutants from aqueous solution without the need of chemical or biological reagents.展开更多
Septins,components of the fourth cytoskeleton,play an indispensable role in establishing and maintaining epithelial cell polarity.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying the dynamic assembly of higher-order septin...Septins,components of the fourth cytoskeleton,play an indispensable role in establishing and maintaining epithelial cell polarity.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying the dynamic assembly of higher-order septin structures and the establishment of epithelial cell polarity remain elusive.Here,weshow that septinsform a previouslyunrecognized dynamic structure with liquid-like properties in polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells.We identified Septin 6(SEPT6)as the key human septin that undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)both in vitro and in vivo through weak,multivalent interactions mediated by its C-terminal tail.SEPT6 mutants defective in LLPS in vitro also fail to support adherens junction integrity and cell polarity establishment in 2D and 3D cell cultures.Our findings indicate that weak,multivalent interactions are essential forthe assembly of higher-order septin structures in cells.We propose that these interactions,in conjunction with conventional interactions between folded domains,generate partially ordered septin assemblies that support the apical-basal axis and lumen formation in metazoans.展开更多
Discovery of unprecedented donor-acceptor patterns can essentially enrich the chemistry of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes.We herein introduce a concept of vinylogous fluorine stabilizing effect,which guides rational des...Discovery of unprecedented donor-acceptor patterns can essentially enrich the chemistry of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes.We herein introduce a concept of vinylogous fluorine stabilizing effect,which guides rational design of a novel donor-acceptor cyclopropane employing gem-difluorovinyl group as the electron donor,namely dFVCP.Application of such dFVCPs in a[3+2]cycloaddition with aldehydes and a controlled ring-opening polymerization by a Mg(OTf)_(2)/DIPEA/C(sp^(3))-H initiator system have been demonstrated,providing direct access to fluorine-containing tetrahydrofurans and all-carbon main-chain polymers.展开更多
基金funded by the key program of the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,“Research on the Mechanism of Engineering Learning Based on Practice Community and Its Intervention Strategies”(No.LZ22G030004)the general program funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,“Research on the Mechanism and Learning Effectiveness of Design-Based Engineering Learning”(No.72074191).
文摘This study examined the interdisciplinary construction of integrated circuit science and engineering(ICsE)in China through a multi-case study of the 19 universities authorized to offer primary discipline degree programs.It investigated the overall objectives,teaching frameworks,and institutional mechanisms for independently cultivating outstanding engineers in the field of integrated circuit(IC).The results indicated that three key elements play a pivotal role in talent cultivation:(1)the objective of developing an integrated discipline to support collaborative innovation in the entire industrial chain,(2)the integrated teaching process combining action learning with authentic learning,and(3)the synergistic institutional innovation and innovative science-industry-education integration ecosystem.This study proposed that to improve the quality of independent talent cultivation in key and core technologies,it is urgent to reconstruct an integrated engineering curriculum system,embed authentic engineering learning environments,and build a talent cultivation ecosystem spanning the entire industrial chain.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21277161, 41573114)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2017YFA0207204)
文摘The traditional degradation of organic pollutants is based on the sacrifice of chemical or biological reagents. In this study, a purely physical technique was developed to break the chemical bonds and consequently decompose macromolecules in aqueous solution. Assisted with a high-speed mechanical blade, refined quartz sand grains with particularly sharp nanoscale edges can act as ‘nano-knives', which are able to cut the long chain of carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC, as a model molecule). High performance size exclusion chromatography measurements evidenced that the original CMC molecules(41,000 Da) were decomposed into a series of smaller molecules(460, 1000, 2200, 21,000, 27,000 and 31,000 Da). Consequently, the initial viscosity of the CMC solution(2 g/L) rapidly decreased by approximately 50% after 3 min treatment by the nano-knife materials along with the mechanical blade. Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectra indicated that the original functional groups were still present and new functional groups were not produced after shearing. The intensity of the main functional groupβ-1-4-glycosidic bond(wavenumber 1062 cm-1) was observed to markedly decrease after shearing. These results indicated that the long-chain CMC was cleaved into short-chain CMC. A degradation mechanism was proposed whereby the cutting force generated by the rapid motion of the nano-knives may be responsible for the breakage of β-1-4-glycosidic bonds in the macromolecular cellulose backbone. These results provide support for a potentially more affordable and environment-friendly strategy for physical-based decomposition of recalcitrant organic pollutants from aqueous solution without the need of chemical or biological reagents.
基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32090040,2022YFA1303100,92254302,W2411017,2022YFA0806800,92153302,91854203,31621002,2017YFA0503600,91953000,and 31970655)the Ministry of Education(RT_17R102)+1 种基金Plans for Major Provincial Science&Technology Projects of Anhui Province(202303a0702003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(KB9100000007,KB9100000006,and KB9100000013).
文摘Septins,components of the fourth cytoskeleton,play an indispensable role in establishing and maintaining epithelial cell polarity.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying the dynamic assembly of higher-order septin structures and the establishment of epithelial cell polarity remain elusive.Here,weshow that septinsform a previouslyunrecognized dynamic structure with liquid-like properties in polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells.We identified Septin 6(SEPT6)as the key human septin that undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)both in vitro and in vivo through weak,multivalent interactions mediated by its C-terminal tail.SEPT6 mutants defective in LLPS in vitro also fail to support adherens junction integrity and cell polarity establishment in 2D and 3D cell cultures.Our findings indicate that weak,multivalent interactions are essential forthe assembly of higher-order septin structures in cells.We propose that these interactions,in conjunction with conventional interactions between folded domains,generate partially ordered septin assemblies that support the apical-basal axis and lumen formation in metazoans.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22101273)the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities(WK9990000111)。
文摘Discovery of unprecedented donor-acceptor patterns can essentially enrich the chemistry of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes.We herein introduce a concept of vinylogous fluorine stabilizing effect,which guides rational design of a novel donor-acceptor cyclopropane employing gem-difluorovinyl group as the electron donor,namely dFVCP.Application of such dFVCPs in a[3+2]cycloaddition with aldehydes and a controlled ring-opening polymerization by a Mg(OTf)_(2)/DIPEA/C(sp^(3))-H initiator system have been demonstrated,providing direct access to fluorine-containing tetrahydrofurans and all-carbon main-chain polymers.
