Purpose–This research aims to monitor seismic intensity along railway lines,study methods for calculating the extent of earthquake impact on railways and address practical challenges in estimating intensity distribut...Purpose–This research aims to monitor seismic intensity along railway lines,study methods for calculating the extent of earthquake impact on railways and address practical challenges in estimating intensity distribution along railway routes,thereby achieving graded post-earthquake response measures.Design/methodology/approach–The seismic intensity monitoring system for railways adopts a two-level architecture,namely the seismic intensity monitoring equipment and the seismic intensity rapid reporting information center processing platform.The platform obtains measured instrumental intensity through the seismic intensity monitoring equipment deployed along railways and combines it with the National Seismic Network Earthquake Catalog to generate real-time railway seismic intensity distribution maps using the Kriging interpolation algorithm.A calculation method for railway seismic impact intervals is designed to calculate the mileage intervals where the intensity area corresponding to each contour line in the seismic intensity distribution map intersects with the railway line.Findings–The system was deployed for practical earthquake monitoring demonstration applications on the Nanjiang Railway Line in Xinjiang.During the operational period,the seismic intensity monitoring equipment calculated and uploaded instrumental intensity values to the seismic intensity rapid reporting information center processing platform a total of nine times.Among these,earthquakes triggering the Kriging interpolation algorithm occurred twice.The system operated stably throughout the application period and successfully visualized relevant seismic impact data,such as earthquake intensity distribution maps and affected railway mileage sections.These results validate the system’s practicality and effectiveness.Originality/value–The seismic intensity monitoring for the railway system designed in this study can integrate the measured instrumental intensity data along railways and the earthquake catalog of the National Seismic Network.It uses the Kriging interpolation method to calculate the intensity distribution and determine the seismic impact scope,thereby addressing the issue that the seismic intensity distribution calculated by traditional attenuation formulas deviates from reality.The system can provide clear graded interval recommendations for post-earthquake disposal,effectively improve the efficiency of post-earthquake recovery and inspection and offer a decision-making basis for restoring railway operations quickly.展开更多
RNA interference(RNAi)technology is a promising crop protection strategy against agricultural pests.The soybean pod borer(SPB),Leguminivora glycinivorella(Mats.),is a serious pest of soybean in northeastern Asia.The n...RNA interference(RNAi)technology is a promising crop protection strategy against agricultural pests.The soybean pod borer(SPB),Leguminivora glycinivorella(Mats.),is a serious pest of soybean in northeastern Asia.The neonate larvae of SPB are endophagous,initially feeding on the inner layer of the pod and then on the immature soybean seeds,a behavior that makes them difficult to rear.Therefore,a suitable artificial diet is desirable to facilitate RNAi research.Seven artificial diets and soybean pods were used for rearing SPB neonate larvae.The survival and mean weight of the larvae reared on artificial diet 6(A6,included 2 g soybean flour and 10 g R3 immature soybean pod powder)were found to be significantly higher than those for larvae reared on all other diets.Subsequently,A6 diet was prepared in DEPC-treated water to obtain a RNase-free artificial diet(RF).The survival and mean weight of the larvae were not significantly different between A6 and RF diets.Feeding neonate larvae with RF-SpbP0 dsRNA(ribosomal protein P0)silenced SpbP0 gene,resulting in arrested development and increased mortality.The results of this study suggested that the newly developed A6 or RF diets could rear SPB neonate larvae and help towards developing an effective method for oral delivery of dsRNA to SPB larvae.展开更多
Peanut varieties are diverse globally,with their characters and nutrition determining the product quality.However,the comparative analysis and statistical analysis of key quality indicators for peanut kernels across t...Peanut varieties are diverse globally,with their characters and nutrition determining the product quality.However,the comparative analysis and statistical analysis of key quality indicators for peanut kernels across the world remains relatively limited,impeding the comprehensive evaluation of peanut quality and hindering the industry development on a global scale.This study aimed to compare and analyze the apparent morphology,microstructure,single-cell structure,engineering and mechanical properties,as well as major nutrient contents of peanut kernels from 10 different cultivars representing major peanut-producing countries.The surface and cross-section microstructure of the peanut kernels exhibited a dense“blocky”appearance with a distinct cellular structure.The lipid droplets were predominantly spherical with a regular distribution within the cells.The single-cell structure of the kernels from these 10 peanut cultivars demonstrated varying morphologies and dimensions,which exhibited correlations with their mechanical and engineering properties.Furthermore,the mass loss versus temperature profiles of the peanut kernels revealed five distinct stages,corresponding to moisture loss,volatile loss,protein denaturation,and the degradation of various biomacromolecules.Variations were also observed in the lipid,protein,and sucrose contents,texture,bulk density,true density,porosity,geometric mean diameter,and sphericity among the diferent peanut varieties.This study establishes relationships and correlations among microstructure,engineering properties,and nutritional composition of commonly grown peanut varieties in major peanut-processing countries.The findings provide valuable insights into peanut quality evaluation,empowering the peanut industry to enhance their processing and product development efforts.展开更多
The emerging deployment of large-scale Low Earth Orbit(LEO)satellite constellations provides seamless global coverage.However,the increasing number of satellites also introduces significant security challenges,such as...The emerging deployment of large-scale Low Earth Orbit(LEO)satellite constellations provides seamless global coverage.However,the increasing number of satellites also introduces significant security challenges,such as eavesdropping and illegal communication behavior detection.This paper investigates covert wireless communication over uplink satellite-terrestrial network,focusing on scenarios with warden satellites.By accounting for shot noise generated by ambient signals from terrestrial interferers,the terrestrial transmitter Alice can effectively hide its signal from warden satellites.Leveraging stochastic geometry,the distributions of distances between transmitter and satellites are analyzed,enabling the assessment of uplink performance and interference within a satellite’s coverage area.Approximate expressions for detection error probability and transmission outage probability are derived.Based on the theoretical analysis,an optimal scheme is proposed to maximize covert throughput under the constraint of the average detection error probability of the most detrimental warden satellite.Extensive Monte Carlo simulations experiments are conducted to validate the accuracy of analytical methods for evaluating covert performance.展开更多
In this paper,different stands in Xianzhong Nursery of Pingjiang were selected as the research object to study the runoff generation and soil loss characteristics of different stands.The results showed that the annual...In this paper,different stands in Xianzhong Nursery of Pingjiang were selected as the research object to study the runoff generation and soil loss characteristics of different stands.The results showed that the annual surface runoff of each model in Pingjiang was between 50.50 and 70.38 mm,and the annual surface runoff of each stand decreased with years.There was no significant difference in the annual runoff between each stand,nor between each stand and its control.There were significant differences in soil erosion modulus among the models,and the number ranged from 139.20 to 197.79 t/(km^(2)·y).展开更多
In this paper,different stands in Dongjiang Lake Reservoir area of Zixing were selected as the research objects,and the runoff generation and soil loss characteristics of different stands were studied.The results show...In this paper,different stands in Dongjiang Lake Reservoir area of Zixing were selected as the research objects,and the runoff generation and soil loss characteristics of different stands were studied.The results showed that the annual surface runoff of each model in Zixing was between 43.24 and 50.99 mm,and there was no significant difference in the annual runoff between each stand and its control.There were significant differences in soil erosion modulus among the models,and the number ranged from 127.37 to 165.58 t/(km 2·y).展开更多
Camellia oil,which contains a high content of triterpene alcohol,is known for a series of bioactivities including anti-inflammation.Amyrins are recognized as high bioactivity of anti-inflammation.However,no comparativ...Camellia oil,which contains a high content of triterpene alcohol,is known for a series of bioactivities including anti-inflammation.Amyrins are recognized as high bioactivity of anti-inflammation.However,no comparative study on triterpene alcohols from camellia oil.In this study,four high content triterpene alcohols from camellia oil,namelyβ-amyrin,y-taraxasterol,parkeol,and butyrospermol were evaluated through lipopolysaccharide induced RAW264.7 cell inflammation.The results showed that butyrospermol exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory activity,surpassing that ofβ-amyrin.Characterization of signaling pathways showed that butyrospermol inhibited Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),nuclear factor KB(NF-kB)and mitogenactivated protein kinase(MAPK)pathways,suppressing the transcription of Tlr4,expression of p65,NF-kB inhibitorα(IkBa),extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK),c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK),and p38,and the phosphorylation of p65,IkBa,ERK,and p38.The anti-inflammatory effect of butyrospermol was further validated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induced mouse ear edema.The results in mouse showed that butyrospermol could inhibit the increase of tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),interleukin 1β(IL-1β),p-JNK,P-p38,p-IkBa,and their corresponding mRNA levels.Our study provides new perspective on the antiinflammatory role of different triterpene alcohols and explaining the bioactivity of camellia oil.展开更多
On September 5,2022,an M_(S)6.8 earthquake struck Luding County,Kardze Prefecture,Sichuan Province—an area that is particularly vulnerable to geological changes.The earthquake caused considerable damage along the hig...On September 5,2022,an M_(S)6.8 earthquake struck Luding County,Kardze Prefecture,Sichuan Province—an area that is particularly vulnerable to geological changes.The earthquake caused considerable damage along the highway,leading to road disruptions and blockages,further isolating earthquake-stricken areas.Accordingly,a rapid survey of the main highways in this area was conducted,and 507 damage points were identified.Roadbed damage accounted for more than 70%of the total damages.Co-seismic disasters were primarily distributed along the highways on both sides of the Dadu River in the reservoir area of the Dagangshan Hydropower Station,Caoke Township,and Detuo Township.Further,six factors under three categories of the spatial distribution of highway damage in the earthquake-stricken areas were analyzed.The rate of highway damage was positively correlated with the seismic intensity but negatively correlated with the fault and river distances.The earthquake intensity had the most significant impact:37.5%of road disruptions were found in areas with an intensity of IX;this percentage was 1.6 and 5.8 times greater than those found in areas with intensities of VIII and VII,respectively.The roads with the most significant damage were in regions with intensities above VIII,faults within 5 km,slopes within 30°–70°,rivers within 100 m,and the presence of granite.This indicated that these factors aggravated highway disruption,resulting in more than 90% of damaged highways in strongly shaken regions.Our findings may provide guidance for efficient highway recovery following earthquakes.展开更多
After a long period of water flooding development,the oilfield has entered the middle and high water cut stage.The physical properties of reservoirs are changed by water erosion,which directly impacts reservoir develo...After a long period of water flooding development,the oilfield has entered the middle and high water cut stage.The physical properties of reservoirs are changed by water erosion,which directly impacts reservoir development.Conventional numerical reservoir simulation methodologies typically employ static assumptions for model construction,presuming invariant reservoir geological parameters throughout the development process while neglecting the reservoir’s temporal evolution characteristics.Although such simplifications reduce computational complexity,they introduce substantial descriptive inaccuracies.Therefore,this paper proposes a meshless numerical simulation method for reservoirs that considers time-varying characteristics.This method avoids the meshing in traditional numerical simulation methods.From the fluid flow perspective,the reservoir’s computational domain is discretized into a series of connection units.An influence domain with a certain radius centered on the nodes is selected,and one-dimensional connection units are established between the nodes to achieve the characterization of the flow topology structure of the reservoir.In order to reflect the dynamic evolution of the reservoir’s physical properties during the water injection development process,the time-varying characteristics are incorporated into the formula of the seepage characteristic parameters in the meshless calculation.The change relationship of the permeability under different surface fluxes is considered to update the calculated connection conductivity in real time.By combining with the seepage control equation for solution,a time-varying meshless numerical simulation method is formed.The results show that compared with the numerical simulationmethod of the connection elementmethod(CEM)that only considers static parameters,this method has higher simulation accuracy and can better simulate the real migration and distribution of oil and water in the reservoir.Thismethod improves the accuracy of reservoir numerical simulation and the development effect of oilfields,providing a scientific basis for optimizing the water injection strategy,adjusting the production plan,and extending the effective production cycle of the oilfield.展开更多
Micro-silicon(Si)anode that features high theoretical capacity and fine tap density is ideal for energy-dense lithiumion batteries.However,the substantial localized mechanical strain caused by the large volume expansi...Micro-silicon(Si)anode that features high theoretical capacity and fine tap density is ideal for energy-dense lithiumion batteries.However,the substantial localized mechanical strain caused by the large volume expansion often results in electrode disintegration and capacity loss.Herein,a microporous Si anode with the SiO_(x)/C layer functionalized all-surface and high tap density(~0.65 g cm^(-3))is developed by the hydrolysis-driven strategy that avoids the common use of corrosive etchants and toxic siloxane reagents.The functionalized inner pore with superior structural stability can effectively alleviate the volume change and enhance the electrolyte contact.Simultaneously,the outer particle surface forms a continuous network that prevents electrolyte parasitic decomposition,disperses the interface stress of Si matrix and facilitates electron/ion transport.As a result,the micron-sized Si anode shows only~9.94 GPa average stress at full lithiation state and delivers an impressive capacity of 901.1 mAh g^(-1)after 500 cycles at 1 A g^(-1).It also performs excellent rate performance of 1123.0 mAh g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1)and 850.4 at 8 A g^(-1),far exceeding most of reported literatures.Furthermore,when paired with a commercial LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2),the pouch cell demonstrates high capacity and desirable cyclic performance.展开更多
The development of advanced support is conducive to promoting the practical application of fuel cells but remains an enormous challenge in terms of stabilizing catalyst particles and enabling improved accessibility to...The development of advanced support is conducive to promoting the practical application of fuel cells but remains an enormous challenge in terms of stabilizing catalyst particles and enabling improved accessibility to O_(2).Beyond solid carbon black and conventional porous carbon,we demonstrate a new type of mesoporous bowl-like carbon support with a high specific surface area of over 1200 m^(2)g^(-1)and~4 nm pore.Both rotating disk electrode and membrane electrode assembly(MEA)tests show that BC-supported Pt_(3)Co(Pt_(3)Co/BC)catalyst greatly outperforms hollow porous carbon spheres and solid carbon spheres supported Pt_(3)Co catalysts.The Pt_(3)Co/BC catalysts exhibited remarkable performance as cathode catalyst in MEA,achieving a comparable open-circuit voltage of approximately 0.95 V under H_(2)-air condition and a current density of 1.3 A cm^(-2)at 0.6 V with a loading of only 0.2 mgPt cm^(-2).Diffusion simulations and physical characterizations demonstrate that the high porosity and highly accessible pore structure of BC support facilitate the uniform distribution of catalyst particles and enhance the mass transport of O_(2),thereby resulting in a significant improvement in catalytic activity and durability.This work provides new insights into the influence of support shape on mass transport of reactants and electrochemical performances of the catalyst in MEA.展开更多
In drylands,biocrusts play crucial roles in regulating ecosystem functions.The study was conducted in the hilly rangelands of the semi-arid northern Negev of Israel,where we assessed the visual,morphological,spectral,...In drylands,biocrusts play crucial roles in regulating ecosystem functions.The study was conducted in the hilly rangelands of the semi-arid northern Negev of Israel,where we assessed the visual,morphological,spectral,and soil properties of livestock trampling routes and inter-route spaces in northern and southern facing hillslopes.Overall,both hillslope aspects were visually similar,whereas the ground surface of the routes was brighter(74.4%were characterized as having a'light'color)than the inter-route spaces(86.8%were characterized as having a'dark'color).These observations were supported by morphological identification of biocrust composition,which was dominated by cyanobacteria(67%)in the routes,and by mixed cyanobacteria/moss(56%)in the inter-routes.Mean Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)was 24%higher in the inter-routes,while the mean Brightness Index(BI)was 12%higher in the routes.At the same time,the mean Crust Index(CI)was identical in the two microhabitats.Soil quality index(SQI),calculated based on the(pedoderm)soil properties of the two microhabitats,was 6%greater in the inter-routes than in the routes.This study suggests that recurrent trampling exacerbates soil compaction and shearing along the routes,thus preventing the successional development of complex biocrust compositions.展开更多
Six rearranged nor-diterpenoids with 5/6/6-fused tricyclic system(1–6),and one unprecedented dimer with 5/6/6/6/6/5-fused carbon core(7)were isolated from Strophioblachia glandulosa.Spectroscopic techniques,electroni...Six rearranged nor-diterpenoids with 5/6/6-fused tricyclic system(1–6),and one unprecedented dimer with 5/6/6/6/6/5-fused carbon core(7)were isolated from Strophioblachia glandulosa.Spectroscopic techniques,electronic circular dichroism(ECD),quantum chemical calculations,and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis were used to elucidate their structures.A preliminary bioactivity assay revealed compounds 2 and 3 exhibited potent anti-myocardial hypertrophy effect in vitro by significantly inhibiting the expression levels of atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP)and myosin heavy chain 7(MYH7)proteins.Additionally,mitogen-activated protein kinase 14(Mapk14)may be involved in the regulation of compound3 on cardiac hypertrophic disease by network pharmacology prediction and experimental verification.展开更多
Purpose:Regard preoperative chemotherapy as a holistic sequential treatment modality to identify predictive factors associated with recurrence and survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)and construct models...Purpose:Regard preoperative chemotherapy as a holistic sequential treatment modality to identify predictive factors associated with recurrence and survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)and construct models to provide decision support and treatment selection for the candidate patients.Methods:Retrospect PDAC patients who received preoperative chemotherapy from January 2016 to June 2023 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine.Run a univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with recurrence-free survival(RFS)and overall survival(OS).Scoring systems were developed based on the hazard ratios(HR)of all significant predictors.Kaplan-Meier analyses and log-rank tests were used to calculate RFS and OS.Results:A total of 72 PDAC patients with preoperative chemotherapy were analyzed.After preoperative chemotherapy,21(29.17%)patients achieved any radiologic downstaging with 68(94.44%)patients achieving negative resection margin status(R0 margins).For carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9)non-secreting patients,shrinkage rate of length diameter of tumor≥20%(P=.027),resection margin status(P=.011)were independent predictors of OS.For CA19-9-secreting patients,CA19-9 serum level at the end of chemotherapy≥1000(P=.027)and resection margin status(P=.012)were independent predictors of OS.Points according to HR were allocated to these factors in the proposed scoring system,respectively.Recurrence curves and survival curves with statistically significant differences were also presented for patients grouped according to the scoring systems.For CA19-9-non-secreting patients,the OS of patients with a score from 2 to 2.97 was significantly shorter than that of patients with a score from 4.94 to 5.91(P=.009).For CA19-9-secreting patients,the OS of patients with a score of 2 was significantly shorter than that of patients with a score from 3.75 to 4.99(P<.001).Conclusion:Simple scoring models for RFS and OS incorporating CA19-9 serum levels or the tumor shrinkage rate and post-operative pathology may assist clinicians in evaluating the prognosis of PDAC patients with preoperative chemotherapy.展开更多
Boundary layer transition(BLT)can cause a sharp rise in heat flux and skin friction,which can seriously affect the flight performance and safety of hypersonic flight vehicles.Therefore,the mechanism,prediction and con...Boundary layer transition(BLT)can cause a sharp rise in heat flux and skin friction,which can seriously affect the flight performance and safety of hypersonic flight vehicles.Therefore,the mechanism,prediction and control of transition have become important issues that must be dealt with for the development of advanced flight vehicles,and it is also a research hotspot of particular interest to major aerospace countries.Compared to other transition research approaches,model flight tests can better present the transition problems under real flight conditions,thus have been carried out extensively over the past 30 years.The United States,Germany,France,Australia,and other countries have carried out transition research based on flight tests,such as the Pegasus wing-glove crossflow transition and the Hypersonic Boundary Layer Transition(HyBOLT)transition control flight test of the United States,the joint research project of the Hypersonic International Flight Research and Experimentation-1(HIFiRE-1)circular cone and the HIFiRE-5 elliptic cone transition flight tests between the United States and Australia,the flight test of compression surface transition of the scramjet forebody(LEA)in France and so on.Although these flight tests suffered various setbacks,they still obtained valuable transition data.Recently,the United States is carrying out the concave-surface transition flight tests of Hypersonic Boundary Layer Transition(BOLT)and BOLT-II.Since its first model flight test mission for verification purpose launched successfully in 2015,several hypersonic BLT flight tests have been conducted by China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center(CARDC).The flight tests have measured valid transition data under flight conditions,obtained the transition front and its dynamical variation on blunt cones at various angles of attack and a lifting body Hypersonic Transition Research Vehicle(HyTRV).The crossflow traveling waves in high-altitude flight were measured for the first time,and our understanding of hypersonic BLT has been greatly improved.展开更多
Dietary fiber(DF)is believed to provide important health benefits and it has become a research hotspot.DF exists in most natural foods,including fruits(16.74%-91.24%),vegetables(6.53%-85.19%),grains(9.76%-69.20%)and s...Dietary fiber(DF)is believed to provide important health benefits and it has become a research hotspot.DF exists in most natural foods,including fruits(16.74%-91.24%),vegetables(6.53%-85.19%),grains(9.76%-69.20%)and so on.DF has different physicochemical properties such as water holding capacity(WHC)(2.01-25.03 g/g),water swelling capacity(WSC)(0.95-23.90 mL/g),oil holding capacity(OHC)(0.65-29.00 g/g),glucose adsorption capacity(GAC)(0.17-4.65 mmol/g),cholesterol adsorption capacity(CAC)(0.03-37.10 mg/g)and viscosity,which make it exhibits different physiological functions such as reducing the risk of obesity,diabetes,cancer,and intestinal diseases.On the basis of consulting related databases,the physicochemical properties of DF and its derived physiological functions are reviewed.It is found that DF has effect on the prevention and treatment of obesity due to good WHC,WSC,OHC and CAC.Good GAC can relieve the symptoms of diabetes.The physicochemical properties of WHC and WSC can reduce the risk of cancer.The WHC,WSC and viscosity are beneficial to intestinal health.展开更多
基金funded by the Research and Development Fund Project of China Academy of Railway Science Group Co.,Ltd.,(No:2023YJ259)the Science and Technology Research and Development Program Project of China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.(No:J2024G008).
文摘Purpose–This research aims to monitor seismic intensity along railway lines,study methods for calculating the extent of earthquake impact on railways and address practical challenges in estimating intensity distribution along railway routes,thereby achieving graded post-earthquake response measures.Design/methodology/approach–The seismic intensity monitoring system for railways adopts a two-level architecture,namely the seismic intensity monitoring equipment and the seismic intensity rapid reporting information center processing platform.The platform obtains measured instrumental intensity through the seismic intensity monitoring equipment deployed along railways and combines it with the National Seismic Network Earthquake Catalog to generate real-time railway seismic intensity distribution maps using the Kriging interpolation algorithm.A calculation method for railway seismic impact intervals is designed to calculate the mileage intervals where the intensity area corresponding to each contour line in the seismic intensity distribution map intersects with the railway line.Findings–The system was deployed for practical earthquake monitoring demonstration applications on the Nanjiang Railway Line in Xinjiang.During the operational period,the seismic intensity monitoring equipment calculated and uploaded instrumental intensity values to the seismic intensity rapid reporting information center processing platform a total of nine times.Among these,earthquakes triggering the Kriging interpolation algorithm occurred twice.The system operated stably throughout the application period and successfully visualized relevant seismic impact data,such as earthquake intensity distribution maps and affected railway mileage sections.These results validate the system’s practicality and effectiveness.Originality/value–The seismic intensity monitoring for the railway system designed in this study can integrate the measured instrumental intensity data along railways and the earthquake catalog of the National Seismic Network.It uses the Kriging interpolation method to calculate the intensity distribution and determine the seismic impact scope,thereby addressing the issue that the seismic intensity distribution calculated by traditional attenuation formulas deviates from reality.The system can provide clear graded interval recommendations for post-earthquake disposal,effectively improve the efficiency of post-earthquake recovery and inspection and offer a decision-making basis for restoring railway operations quickly.
基金Supported by the Harbin Science and Technology Innovation Program(2017RAQXJ122)China National Novel Transgenic Organisms Breeding Project(2016ZX08004-004-006)+2 种基金the Heilongjiang Natural Science Foundation(C2018012)the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation(31201229)Soybean Research&Development Center(CARS-04-PS04)。
文摘RNA interference(RNAi)technology is a promising crop protection strategy against agricultural pests.The soybean pod borer(SPB),Leguminivora glycinivorella(Mats.),is a serious pest of soybean in northeastern Asia.The neonate larvae of SPB are endophagous,initially feeding on the inner layer of the pod and then on the immature soybean seeds,a behavior that makes them difficult to rear.Therefore,a suitable artificial diet is desirable to facilitate RNAi research.Seven artificial diets and soybean pods were used for rearing SPB neonate larvae.The survival and mean weight of the larvae reared on artificial diet 6(A6,included 2 g soybean flour and 10 g R3 immature soybean pod powder)were found to be significantly higher than those for larvae reared on all other diets.Subsequently,A6 diet was prepared in DEPC-treated water to obtain a RNase-free artificial diet(RF).The survival and mean weight of the larvae were not significantly different between A6 and RF diets.Feeding neonate larvae with RF-SpbP0 dsRNA(ribosomal protein P0)silenced SpbP0 gene,resulting in arrested development and increased mortality.The results of this study suggested that the newly developed A6 or RF diets could rear SPB neonate larvae and help towards developing an effective method for oral delivery of dsRNA to SPB larvae.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD2100400,2023YFE0104900)Xinjiang Agriculture Research System-Oil Crop Research System,China(XJARS-05)+3 种基金Taishan Industrial Experts Programme,China(tscx202306075)the Scientific and Technological Assistance Projects to Developing Countries,China(KY202201003)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,Institute of Food Science and Technology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2024-IFST)The authors are grateful for the financial support from the Arawana Charity Foundation,China.
文摘Peanut varieties are diverse globally,with their characters and nutrition determining the product quality.However,the comparative analysis and statistical analysis of key quality indicators for peanut kernels across the world remains relatively limited,impeding the comprehensive evaluation of peanut quality and hindering the industry development on a global scale.This study aimed to compare and analyze the apparent morphology,microstructure,single-cell structure,engineering and mechanical properties,as well as major nutrient contents of peanut kernels from 10 different cultivars representing major peanut-producing countries.The surface and cross-section microstructure of the peanut kernels exhibited a dense“blocky”appearance with a distinct cellular structure.The lipid droplets were predominantly spherical with a regular distribution within the cells.The single-cell structure of the kernels from these 10 peanut cultivars demonstrated varying morphologies and dimensions,which exhibited correlations with their mechanical and engineering properties.Furthermore,the mass loss versus temperature profiles of the peanut kernels revealed five distinct stages,corresponding to moisture loss,volatile loss,protein denaturation,and the degradation of various biomacromolecules.Variations were also observed in the lipid,protein,and sucrose contents,texture,bulk density,true density,porosity,geometric mean diameter,and sphericity among the diferent peanut varieties.This study establishes relationships and correlations among microstructure,engineering properties,and nutritional composition of commonly grown peanut varieties in major peanut-processing countries.The findings provide valuable insights into peanut quality evaluation,empowering the peanut industry to enhance their processing and product development efforts.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.U22B2006.
文摘The emerging deployment of large-scale Low Earth Orbit(LEO)satellite constellations provides seamless global coverage.However,the increasing number of satellites also introduces significant security challenges,such as eavesdropping and illegal communication behavior detection.This paper investigates covert wireless communication over uplink satellite-terrestrial network,focusing on scenarios with warden satellites.By accounting for shot noise generated by ambient signals from terrestrial interferers,the terrestrial transmitter Alice can effectively hide its signal from warden satellites.Leveraging stochastic geometry,the distributions of distances between transmitter and satellites are analyzed,enabling the assessment of uplink performance and interference within a satellite’s coverage area.Approximate expressions for detection error probability and transmission outage probability are derived.Based on the theoretical analysis,an optimal scheme is proposed to maximize covert throughput under the constraint of the average detection error probability of the most detrimental warden satellite.Extensive Monte Carlo simulations experiments are conducted to validate the accuracy of analytical methods for evaluating covert performance.
基金Supported by Hunan Forestry Science and Technology Plan(OT-S-KTA5,2024YBC15)Science and Technology Plan of Hunan Province(2021SFQ19).
文摘In this paper,different stands in Xianzhong Nursery of Pingjiang were selected as the research object to study the runoff generation and soil loss characteristics of different stands.The results showed that the annual surface runoff of each model in Pingjiang was between 50.50 and 70.38 mm,and the annual surface runoff of each stand decreased with years.There was no significant difference in the annual runoff between each stand,nor between each stand and its control.There were significant differences in soil erosion modulus among the models,and the number ranged from 139.20 to 197.79 t/(km^(2)·y).
基金Supported by Science and Technology Plan of Hunan Province(2021SFQ19)Hunan Forestry Science and Technology Plan(OT-S-KTA5,2024YBC15).
文摘In this paper,different stands in Dongjiang Lake Reservoir area of Zixing were selected as the research objects,and the runoff generation and soil loss characteristics of different stands were studied.The results showed that the annual surface runoff of each model in Zixing was between 43.24 and 50.99 mm,and there was no significant difference in the annual runoff between each stand and its control.There were significant differences in soil erosion modulus among the models,and the number ranged from 127.37 to 165.58 t/(km 2·y).
基金the Key R&D Plan of Shaanxi Province(2022GD-TSLD-58-5)Shaanxi Science and Technology Innovation Team Project(2024RS-CXTD-70)for the financial support.
文摘Camellia oil,which contains a high content of triterpene alcohol,is known for a series of bioactivities including anti-inflammation.Amyrins are recognized as high bioactivity of anti-inflammation.However,no comparative study on triterpene alcohols from camellia oil.In this study,four high content triterpene alcohols from camellia oil,namelyβ-amyrin,y-taraxasterol,parkeol,and butyrospermol were evaluated through lipopolysaccharide induced RAW264.7 cell inflammation.The results showed that butyrospermol exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory activity,surpassing that ofβ-amyrin.Characterization of signaling pathways showed that butyrospermol inhibited Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),nuclear factor KB(NF-kB)and mitogenactivated protein kinase(MAPK)pathways,suppressing the transcription of Tlr4,expression of p65,NF-kB inhibitorα(IkBa),extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK),c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK),and p38,and the phosphorylation of p65,IkBa,ERK,and p38.The anti-inflammatory effect of butyrospermol was further validated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induced mouse ear edema.The results in mouse showed that butyrospermol could inhibit the increase of tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),interleukin 1β(IL-1β),p-JNK,P-p38,p-IkBa,and their corresponding mRNA levels.Our study provides new perspective on the antiinflammatory role of different triterpene alcohols and explaining the bioactivity of camellia oil.
基金funded by Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Nos.2023NSFSC1414 and 2023NSFSC0263)Sichuan Transportation Science and Technology Program(No.2018-B-05)Sichuan Communication Surveying&Design Institute CO.,LTD(No.232023002).
文摘On September 5,2022,an M_(S)6.8 earthquake struck Luding County,Kardze Prefecture,Sichuan Province—an area that is particularly vulnerable to geological changes.The earthquake caused considerable damage along the highway,leading to road disruptions and blockages,further isolating earthquake-stricken areas.Accordingly,a rapid survey of the main highways in this area was conducted,and 507 damage points were identified.Roadbed damage accounted for more than 70%of the total damages.Co-seismic disasters were primarily distributed along the highways on both sides of the Dadu River in the reservoir area of the Dagangshan Hydropower Station,Caoke Township,and Detuo Township.Further,six factors under three categories of the spatial distribution of highway damage in the earthquake-stricken areas were analyzed.The rate of highway damage was positively correlated with the seismic intensity but negatively correlated with the fault and river distances.The earthquake intensity had the most significant impact:37.5%of road disruptions were found in areas with an intensity of IX;this percentage was 1.6 and 5.8 times greater than those found in areas with intensities of VIII and VII,respectively.The roads with the most significant damage were in regions with intensities above VIII,faults within 5 km,slopes within 30°–70°,rivers within 100 m,and the presence of granite.This indicated that these factors aggravated highway disruption,resulting in more than 90% of damaged highways in strongly shaken regions.Our findings may provide guidance for efficient highway recovery following earthquakes.
基金funded by the 14th Five-Year Plan Major Science and Technology Project of CNOOC project number KJGG2021-0506.
文摘After a long period of water flooding development,the oilfield has entered the middle and high water cut stage.The physical properties of reservoirs are changed by water erosion,which directly impacts reservoir development.Conventional numerical reservoir simulation methodologies typically employ static assumptions for model construction,presuming invariant reservoir geological parameters throughout the development process while neglecting the reservoir’s temporal evolution characteristics.Although such simplifications reduce computational complexity,they introduce substantial descriptive inaccuracies.Therefore,this paper proposes a meshless numerical simulation method for reservoirs that considers time-varying characteristics.This method avoids the meshing in traditional numerical simulation methods.From the fluid flow perspective,the reservoir’s computational domain is discretized into a series of connection units.An influence domain with a certain radius centered on the nodes is selected,and one-dimensional connection units are established between the nodes to achieve the characterization of the flow topology structure of the reservoir.In order to reflect the dynamic evolution of the reservoir’s physical properties during the water injection development process,the time-varying characteristics are incorporated into the formula of the seepage characteristic parameters in the meshless calculation.The change relationship of the permeability under different surface fluxes is considered to update the calculated connection conductivity in real time.By combining with the seepage control equation for solution,a time-varying meshless numerical simulation method is formed.The results show that compared with the numerical simulationmethod of the connection elementmethod(CEM)that only considers static parameters,this method has higher simulation accuracy and can better simulate the real migration and distribution of oil and water in the reservoir.Thismethod improves the accuracy of reservoir numerical simulation and the development effect of oilfields,providing a scientific basis for optimizing the water injection strategy,adjusting the production plan,and extending the effective production cycle of the oilfield.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Projects(Nos.52271213,52202299).
文摘Micro-silicon(Si)anode that features high theoretical capacity and fine tap density is ideal for energy-dense lithiumion batteries.However,the substantial localized mechanical strain caused by the large volume expansion often results in electrode disintegration and capacity loss.Herein,a microporous Si anode with the SiO_(x)/C layer functionalized all-surface and high tap density(~0.65 g cm^(-3))is developed by the hydrolysis-driven strategy that avoids the common use of corrosive etchants and toxic siloxane reagents.The functionalized inner pore with superior structural stability can effectively alleviate the volume change and enhance the electrolyte contact.Simultaneously,the outer particle surface forms a continuous network that prevents electrolyte parasitic decomposition,disperses the interface stress of Si matrix and facilitates electron/ion transport.As a result,the micron-sized Si anode shows only~9.94 GPa average stress at full lithiation state and delivers an impressive capacity of 901.1 mAh g^(-1)after 500 cycles at 1 A g^(-1).It also performs excellent rate performance of 1123.0 mAh g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1)and 850.4 at 8 A g^(-1),far exceeding most of reported literatures.Furthermore,when paired with a commercial LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2),the pouch cell demonstrates high capacity and desirable cyclic performance.
文摘The development of advanced support is conducive to promoting the practical application of fuel cells but remains an enormous challenge in terms of stabilizing catalyst particles and enabling improved accessibility to O_(2).Beyond solid carbon black and conventional porous carbon,we demonstrate a new type of mesoporous bowl-like carbon support with a high specific surface area of over 1200 m^(2)g^(-1)and~4 nm pore.Both rotating disk electrode and membrane electrode assembly(MEA)tests show that BC-supported Pt_(3)Co(Pt_(3)Co/BC)catalyst greatly outperforms hollow porous carbon spheres and solid carbon spheres supported Pt_(3)Co catalysts.The Pt_(3)Co/BC catalysts exhibited remarkable performance as cathode catalyst in MEA,achieving a comparable open-circuit voltage of approximately 0.95 V under H_(2)-air condition and a current density of 1.3 A cm^(-2)at 0.6 V with a loading of only 0.2 mgPt cm^(-2).Diffusion simulations and physical characterizations demonstrate that the high porosity and highly accessible pore structure of BC support facilitate the uniform distribution of catalyst particles and enhance the mass transport of O_(2),thereby resulting in a significant improvement in catalytic activity and durability.This work provides new insights into the influence of support shape on mass transport of reactants and electrochemical performances of the catalyst in MEA.
文摘In drylands,biocrusts play crucial roles in regulating ecosystem functions.The study was conducted in the hilly rangelands of the semi-arid northern Negev of Israel,where we assessed the visual,morphological,spectral,and soil properties of livestock trampling routes and inter-route spaces in northern and southern facing hillslopes.Overall,both hillslope aspects were visually similar,whereas the ground surface of the routes was brighter(74.4%were characterized as having a'light'color)than the inter-route spaces(86.8%were characterized as having a'dark'color).These observations were supported by morphological identification of biocrust composition,which was dominated by cyanobacteria(67%)in the routes,and by mixed cyanobacteria/moss(56%)in the inter-routes.Mean Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)was 24%higher in the inter-routes,while the mean Brightness Index(BI)was 12%higher in the routes.At the same time,the mean Crust Index(CI)was identical in the two microhabitats.Soil quality index(SQI),calculated based on the(pedoderm)soil properties of the two microhabitats,was 6%greater in the inter-routes than in the routes.This study suggests that recurrent trampling exacerbates soil compaction and shearing along the routes,thus preventing the successional development of complex biocrust compositions.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82260682,22477108,81960662,82200550)the Project of Yunnan Characteristic Plant Screening and R&D Service CXO Platform(No.2022YKZY001)+9 种基金the Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department(Nos.202101AT070154,202301AT0–70270 and 202401AY070001–303)the Scientific Research Fund Project of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education(No.2023Y0–797)the Program Innovative Research Team in Science and Technology in Kunming Medical University(No.CXTD202202)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(No.IRT-17R94)the Project of Innovative Research Team of Yunnan Province(No.202005AE160005)the Open Research Foundation of Yunnan Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides in Yunnan Province(No.HXDT-2022–1)a grant(No.2023KF007)from YNCUBFirst-Class Discipline Team of Kunming Medical University(No.2024XKTDPY12)Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Programthe Yun Ling Scholar Project to W.-L.Xiao。
文摘Six rearranged nor-diterpenoids with 5/6/6-fused tricyclic system(1–6),and one unprecedented dimer with 5/6/6/6/6/5-fused carbon core(7)were isolated from Strophioblachia glandulosa.Spectroscopic techniques,electronic circular dichroism(ECD),quantum chemical calculations,and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis were used to elucidate their structures.A preliminary bioactivity assay revealed compounds 2 and 3 exhibited potent anti-myocardial hypertrophy effect in vitro by significantly inhibiting the expression levels of atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP)and myosin heavy chain 7(MYH7)proteins.Additionally,mitogen-activated protein kinase 14(Mapk14)may be involved in the regulation of compound3 on cardiac hypertrophic disease by network pharmacology prediction and experimental verification.
基金the financial support by Key Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Plan of Zhejiang Province(No.GZY-ZJ-KJ-24077)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82001673 and 82272860)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.226-2023-00038)Chen Xiao-Ping Foundation for the Development of Science and Technology of Hubei Province(No.CXPJJH12000009-07)Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province(No.2020E10004).
文摘Purpose:Regard preoperative chemotherapy as a holistic sequential treatment modality to identify predictive factors associated with recurrence and survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)and construct models to provide decision support and treatment selection for the candidate patients.Methods:Retrospect PDAC patients who received preoperative chemotherapy from January 2016 to June 2023 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine.Run a univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with recurrence-free survival(RFS)and overall survival(OS).Scoring systems were developed based on the hazard ratios(HR)of all significant predictors.Kaplan-Meier analyses and log-rank tests were used to calculate RFS and OS.Results:A total of 72 PDAC patients with preoperative chemotherapy were analyzed.After preoperative chemotherapy,21(29.17%)patients achieved any radiologic downstaging with 68(94.44%)patients achieving negative resection margin status(R0 margins).For carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9)non-secreting patients,shrinkage rate of length diameter of tumor≥20%(P=.027),resection margin status(P=.011)were independent predictors of OS.For CA19-9-secreting patients,CA19-9 serum level at the end of chemotherapy≥1000(P=.027)and resection margin status(P=.012)were independent predictors of OS.Points according to HR were allocated to these factors in the proposed scoring system,respectively.Recurrence curves and survival curves with statistically significant differences were also presented for patients grouped according to the scoring systems.For CA19-9-non-secreting patients,the OS of patients with a score from 2 to 2.97 was significantly shorter than that of patients with a score from 4.94 to 5.91(P=.009).For CA19-9-secreting patients,the OS of patients with a score of 2 was significantly shorter than that of patients with a score from 3.75 to 4.99(P<.001).Conclusion:Simple scoring models for RFS and OS incorporating CA19-9 serum levels or the tumor shrinkage rate and post-operative pathology may assist clinicians in evaluating the prognosis of PDAC patients with preoperative chemotherapy.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 11772350,92052301).
文摘Boundary layer transition(BLT)can cause a sharp rise in heat flux and skin friction,which can seriously affect the flight performance and safety of hypersonic flight vehicles.Therefore,the mechanism,prediction and control of transition have become important issues that must be dealt with for the development of advanced flight vehicles,and it is also a research hotspot of particular interest to major aerospace countries.Compared to other transition research approaches,model flight tests can better present the transition problems under real flight conditions,thus have been carried out extensively over the past 30 years.The United States,Germany,France,Australia,and other countries have carried out transition research based on flight tests,such as the Pegasus wing-glove crossflow transition and the Hypersonic Boundary Layer Transition(HyBOLT)transition control flight test of the United States,the joint research project of the Hypersonic International Flight Research and Experimentation-1(HIFiRE-1)circular cone and the HIFiRE-5 elliptic cone transition flight tests between the United States and Australia,the flight test of compression surface transition of the scramjet forebody(LEA)in France and so on.Although these flight tests suffered various setbacks,they still obtained valuable transition data.Recently,the United States is carrying out the concave-surface transition flight tests of Hypersonic Boundary Layer Transition(BOLT)and BOLT-II.Since its first model flight test mission for verification purpose launched successfully in 2015,several hypersonic BLT flight tests have been conducted by China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center(CARDC).The flight tests have measured valid transition data under flight conditions,obtained the transition front and its dynamical variation on blunt cones at various angles of attack and a lifting body Hypersonic Transition Research Vehicle(HyTRV).The crossflow traveling waves in high-altitude flight were measured for the first time,and our understanding of hypersonic BLT has been greatly improved.
基金supported by China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-04).
文摘Dietary fiber(DF)is believed to provide important health benefits and it has become a research hotspot.DF exists in most natural foods,including fruits(16.74%-91.24%),vegetables(6.53%-85.19%),grains(9.76%-69.20%)and so on.DF has different physicochemical properties such as water holding capacity(WHC)(2.01-25.03 g/g),water swelling capacity(WSC)(0.95-23.90 mL/g),oil holding capacity(OHC)(0.65-29.00 g/g),glucose adsorption capacity(GAC)(0.17-4.65 mmol/g),cholesterol adsorption capacity(CAC)(0.03-37.10 mg/g)and viscosity,which make it exhibits different physiological functions such as reducing the risk of obesity,diabetes,cancer,and intestinal diseases.On the basis of consulting related databases,the physicochemical properties of DF and its derived physiological functions are reviewed.It is found that DF has effect on the prevention and treatment of obesity due to good WHC,WSC,OHC and CAC.Good GAC can relieve the symptoms of diabetes.The physicochemical properties of WHC and WSC can reduce the risk of cancer.The WHC,WSC and viscosity are beneficial to intestinal health.
