Purpose–This research aims to monitor seismic intensity along railway lines,study methods for calculating the extent of earthquake impact on railways and address practical challenges in estimating intensity distribut...Purpose–This research aims to monitor seismic intensity along railway lines,study methods for calculating the extent of earthquake impact on railways and address practical challenges in estimating intensity distribution along railway routes,thereby achieving graded post-earthquake response measures.Design/methodology/approach–The seismic intensity monitoring system for railways adopts a two-level architecture,namely the seismic intensity monitoring equipment and the seismic intensity rapid reporting information center processing platform.The platform obtains measured instrumental intensity through the seismic intensity monitoring equipment deployed along railways and combines it with the National Seismic Network Earthquake Catalog to generate real-time railway seismic intensity distribution maps using the Kriging interpolation algorithm.A calculation method for railway seismic impact intervals is designed to calculate the mileage intervals where the intensity area corresponding to each contour line in the seismic intensity distribution map intersects with the railway line.Findings–The system was deployed for practical earthquake monitoring demonstration applications on the Nanjiang Railway Line in Xinjiang.During the operational period,the seismic intensity monitoring equipment calculated and uploaded instrumental intensity values to the seismic intensity rapid reporting information center processing platform a total of nine times.Among these,earthquakes triggering the Kriging interpolation algorithm occurred twice.The system operated stably throughout the application period and successfully visualized relevant seismic impact data,such as earthquake intensity distribution maps and affected railway mileage sections.These results validate the system’s practicality and effectiveness.Originality/value–The seismic intensity monitoring for the railway system designed in this study can integrate the measured instrumental intensity data along railways and the earthquake catalog of the National Seismic Network.It uses the Kriging interpolation method to calculate the intensity distribution and determine the seismic impact scope,thereby addressing the issue that the seismic intensity distribution calculated by traditional attenuation formulas deviates from reality.The system can provide clear graded interval recommendations for post-earthquake disposal,effectively improve the efficiency of post-earthquake recovery and inspection and offer a decision-making basis for restoring railway operations quickly.展开更多
Background Based on observations in feral pigs,the role of dietary fibre and structure may be underestimated in suckling piglet nutrition.This study investigated the effect of grass hay offered to suckling piglets eit...Background Based on observations in feral pigs,the role of dietary fibre and structure may be underestimated in suckling piglet nutrition.This study investigated the effect of grass hay offered to suckling piglets either separately or included in their creep feed,combined with nursery diets with or without grass pellet inclusion on growth performance and gastrointestinal development.Methods Thirty-six litters(14–15 piglets per litter)were divided into three equal groups of 12 litters per treatment during the suckling phase:control group(CON)received regular creep feed;GH group received chopped grass hay as-is in separate feeders alongside regular creep feed;PGH group received regular creep feed but barley and wheat were replaced by 28%grass pellets.After weaning(d 23),each litter was split into two dietary treatments in a splitplot design(pre-wean treatment as main plot).Two of the pre-wean diets were also offered until d 14 post-weaning,i.e.,CON(CON nursery diet,CON-C,GH-C,PGH-C)and PGH(GH nursery diet,CON-GH,GH-GH,PGH-GH).Thereafter,transitioning to a diet containing 13%wheat/barley or grass pellets,respectively,until d 39 post-weaning.Gastrointestinal morphology,gene expression of intestinal nutrient transporters and barrier proteins,metabolite profile and microbiota were assessed on the day before weaning,d 10 and d 38 post-weaning.A total of 24 piglets were sacrificed at each dissection point.Results At weaning,GH group had consumed 7 g/piglet grass hay,and PGH group had consumed 46 g/piglet creep feed.One day before weaning,GH piglets showed heavier emptied small intestine(P=0.044)and colon(P=0.065),higher SCFA production in proximal segments and lower SCFA production in colon(P<0.05).Higher abundance of Prevotellaceae NK3b31 group was observed in caecal and colonic content of PGH compared to GH group(P<0.05),and PGH group showed a lower energy conversion ratio(net energy intake/gain,P=0.035).Following weaning,GH nursery group had a reduced average daily gain(226 vs.183 g,P<0.001)during d 0–14,while this group showed compensatory growth afterwards(P=0.056).Main plot effects on increased expressions of CLDN3 and FFAR2 were observed in GH and PGH by d 38 post-weaning(P<0.05).An interaction effect showed greater luminal abundance of the Prevotellaceae NK3b31 group in GH-GH and PGH-GH groups compared to CON-GH on d 38.The GH nursery diet showed a better energy conversion ratio(P=0.006)with no influence on body weight and their SCFA production shifted towards proximal segments.Conclusion In conclusion, feeding a structured and fibre-rich diet to suckling piglets enhance their digestive tractdevelopment and adapt their microbiome to fibre digestion in later life. Maintaining a fibre-rich diet from sucklingto nursery is recommended, though this come with a transient reduction in weight gain caused by lower feed intakethat, however, can be recovered afterwards accompanied with an optimized energy conversion ratio.展开更多
Objectives:The Kirsten rat sarcoma virus(KRAS)G12D oncogenic mutation poses a significant challenge in treating solid tumors due to the lack of specific and effective therapeutic interventions.This study aims to explore...Objectives:The Kirsten rat sarcoma virus(KRAS)G12D oncogenic mutation poses a significant challenge in treating solid tumors due to the lack of specific and effective therapeutic interventions.This study aims to explore innovative approaches in T cell receptor(TCR)engineering and characterization to target the KRAS G12D7-16 mutation,providing potential strategies for overcoming this therapeutic challenge.Methods:In this innovative study,we engineered and characterized two T cell receptors(TCRs),KDA11-01 and KDA11-02 with high affinity for the KRAS G12D7-16 mutation.These TCRs were isolated from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)derived from tumor tissues of patients with the KRAS G12D mutation.We assessed their specificity and anti-tumor activity in vitro using various cancer cell lines.Results:KDA11-01 and KDA11-02 demonstrated exceptional specificity for the HLA-A*11:01-restricted KRAS G12D7-16 epitope,significantly inducing IFN-γrelease and eliminating tumor cells without cross-reactivity or alloreactivity.Conclusions:The successful development of KDA11-01 and KDA11-02 introduces a novel and precise TCR-based therapeutic strategy against KRAS G12D mutation,showing potential for significant advancements in cancer immunotherapy.展开更多
Glucose molecules are of great significance being one of the most important molecules in metabolic chain.However,due to the small Raman scattering cross-section and weak/non-adsorption on bare metals,accurately obtain...Glucose molecules are of great significance being one of the most important molecules in metabolic chain.However,due to the small Raman scattering cross-section and weak/non-adsorption on bare metals,accurately obtaining their"fingerprint information"remains a huge obstacle.Herein,we developed a tip-enhanced Raman scattering(TERS)technique to address this challenge.Adopting an optical fiber radial vector mode internally illuminates the plasmonic fiber tip to effectively suppress the background noise while generating a strong electric-field enhanced tip hotspot.Furthermore,the tip hotspot approaching the glucose molecules was manipulated via the shear-force feedback to provide more freedom for selecting substrates.Consequently,our TERS technique achieves the visualization of all Raman modes of glucose molecules within spectral window of 400-3200 cm^(-1),which is not achievable through the far-field/surface-enhanced Raman,or the existing TERS techniques.Our TERS technique offers a powerful tool for accurately identifying Raman scattering of molecules,paving the way for biomolecular analysis.展开更多
Gels and conductive polymer composites,including hydrogen bonds(HBs),have emerged as promising materials for electro-magnetic wave(EMW)absorption across various applications.However,the relationship between conduction...Gels and conductive polymer composites,including hydrogen bonds(HBs),have emerged as promising materials for electro-magnetic wave(EMW)absorption across various applications.However,the relationship between conduction loss in EMW-absorbing materials and charge transfer in HB remains to be fully understood.In this study,we developed a series of deep eutectic gels to fine-tune the quantity of HB by adjusting the molar ratio of choline chloride(ChCl)and ethylene glycol(EG).Owing to the unique properties of deep eutectic gels,the effects of magnetic loss and polarization loss on EMW attenuation can be disregarded.Our results indicate that the quantity of HB initially increases and then decreases with the introduction of EG,with HB-induced conductive loss following similar pat-terns.At a ChCl and EG molar ratio of 2.4,the gel labeled G22-CE2.4 exhibited the best EMW absorption performance,characterized by an effective absorption bandwidth of 8.50 GHz and a thickness of 2.54 mm.This superior performance is attributed to the synergistic ef-fects of excellent conductive loss and impedance matching generated by the optimal number of HB.This work elucidates the role of HB in dielectric loss for the first time and provides valuable insights into the optimal design of supramolecular polymer absorbers.展开更多
CoCrNi medium-entropy alloy has demonstrated remarkable mechanical properties,suggesting its potential as a structural material.Nevertheless,the challenge lies in achieving an elusive combination of high hardness and ...CoCrNi medium-entropy alloy has demonstrated remarkable mechanical properties,suggesting its potential as a structural material.Nevertheless,the challenge lies in achieving an elusive combination of high hardness and inherent self-lubrication on the worn surface,which is crucial for attaining exceptional tribological performance in medium-entropy alloy(MEA).This study reports the preparation of a novel CoCrNi-based self-lubricating composite by powder metallurgy,which is reinforced simultaneously with Ag solid lubricating phase and SiC ceramic particles.During the sintering process,SiC decomposes to form high hardness in situ Cr_(23)C_(6),enabling the composite to achieve high load-bearing capacity.During the sliding process,thick and dense Ag self-lubricating film is successfully achieved due to the mechanical and thermal effects.The protective tribo-layer effectively mitigates surface stress concentration induced by wear,thereby inhibiting surface coarsening and substantially enhancing the tribological performance.The results showed that compared with CoCrNi MEA,the wear rate and friction coefficient of CoCrNi/SiC/Ag composite are reduced by 88.1%and 32.8%,respectively,showing superior tribological properties over most MEA-based self-lubrication composites.This study further elucidates the wear mechanism of CoCrNi/SiC/Ag composite,providing a new strategy for developing self-lubricating materials with excellent comprehensive performance,which overcomes the inherent trade-off between wear resistance and lubrication.展开更多
As a 3D printing method,laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)technology has been extensively proven to offer significant advantages in fabricating complex structured specimens,achieving ultra-fine microstructures,and enhancin...As a 3D printing method,laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)technology has been extensively proven to offer significant advantages in fabricating complex structured specimens,achieving ultra-fine microstructures,and enhancing performances.In the domain of manufacturing melt-grown oxide ceramics,it encounters substantial challenges in suppressing crack defects during the rapid solidification process.The strategic integration of high entropy alloys(HEA),leveraging the significant ductility and toughness into ceramic powders represents a major innovation in overcoming the obstacles.The ingenious doping of HEA parti-cles preserves the eutectic microstructures of the Al_(2)O_(3)/GdAlO_(3)(GAP)/ZrO_(2)ceramic composite.The high damage tolerance of the HEA alloy under high strain rates enables the absorption of crack energy and alleviation of internal stresses during LPBF,effectively reducing crack initiation and growth.Due to in-creased curvature forces and intense Marangoni convection at the top of the molt pool,particle collision intensifies,leading to the tendency of HEA particles to agglomerate at the upper part of the molt pool.However,this phenomenon can be effectively alleviated in the remelting process of subsequent layer de-position.Furthermore,a portion of the HEA particles partially dissolves and sinks into the molten pool,acting as heterogeneous nucleation particles,inducing the formation of equiaxed eutectic and leading pri-mary phase nucleation.Some HEA particles diffuse into the lamellar ternary eutectic structures,further promoting the refinement of eutectic microstructures due to increased undercooling.The innovative dop-ing of HEA particles has effectively facilitated the fabrication of turbine-structured,conical,and cylindrical ternary eutectic ceramic composite specimens with diameters of about 70 mm,demonstrating significant developmental potential in the field of ceramic composite manufacturing.展开更多
Fiber-reinforced composites are an ideal material for the lightweight design of aerospace structures. Especially in recent years, with the rapid development of composite additive manufacturing technology, the design o...Fiber-reinforced composites are an ideal material for the lightweight design of aerospace structures. Especially in recent years, with the rapid development of composite additive manufacturing technology, the design optimization of variable stiffness of fiber-reinforced composite laminates has attracted widespread attention from scholars and industry. In these aerospace composite structures, numerous cutout panels and shells serve as access points for maintaining electrical, fuel, and hydraulic systems. The traditional fiber-reinforced composite laminate subtractive drilling manufacturing inevitably faces the problems of interlayer delamination, fiber fracture, and burr of the laminate. Continuous fiber additive manufacturing technology offers the potential for integrated design optimization and manufacturing with high structural performance. Considering the integration of design and manufacturability in continuous fiber additive manufacturing, the paper proposes linear and nonlinear filtering strategies based on the Normal Distribution Fiber Optimization (NDFO) material interpolation scheme to overcome the challenge of discrete fiber optimization results, which are difficult to apply directly to continuous fiber additive manufacturing. With minimizing structural compliance as the objective function, the proposed approach provides a strategy to achieve continuity of discrete fiber paths in the variable stiffness design optimization of composite laminates with regular and irregular holes. In the variable stiffness design optimization model, the number of candidate fiber laying angles in the NDFO material interpolation scheme is considered as design variable. The sensitivity information of structural compliance with respect to the number of candidate fiber laying angles is obtained using the analytical sensitivity analysis method. Based on the proposed variable stiffness design optimization method for complex perforated composite laminates, the numerical examples consider the variable stiffness design optimization of typical non-perforated and perforated composite laminates with circular, square, and irregular holes, and systematically discuss the number of candidate discrete fiber laying angles, discrete fiber continuous filtering strategies, and filter radius on structural compliance, continuity, and manufacturability. The optimized discrete fiber angles of variable stiffness laminates are converted into continuous fiber laying paths using a streamlined process for continuous fiber additive manufacturing. Meanwhile, the optimized non-perforated and perforated MBB beams after discrete fiber continuous treatment, are manufactured using continuous fiber co-extrusion additive manufacturing technology to verify the effectiveness of the variable stiffness fiber optimization framework proposed in this paper.展开更多
DNA2,a multifunctional enzyme with structure-specific nuclease,5'-to-3'helicase,and DNA-dependent ATPase activities,plays a pivotal role in the cellular response to DNA damage.However,its involvement in cerebr...DNA2,a multifunctional enzyme with structure-specific nuclease,5'-to-3'helicase,and DNA-dependent ATPase activities,plays a pivotal role in the cellular response to DNA damage.However,its involvement in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury remains to be elucidated.This study investigated the involvement of DNA2 in cerebral I/R injury using conditional knockout(cKO)mice(Nestin-Cre)subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO),an established model of cerebral I/R.Results demonstrated a gradual up-regulation of DNA2 expression,peaking at 72 h post-MCAO.Notably,DNA2 cKO mice exhibited more pronounced brain injury,neurological deficits,and neuronal apoptosis within the penumbra following MCAO.Additionally,DNA2 expression was elevated in an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R)cell culture model,and DNA2 knockdown(KD)exacerbated neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress.Transcriptome analysis of ischemic penumbra tissues via RNA sequencing revealed significant down-regulation of Homer1 in DNA2 cKO mice.Furthermore,in vitro experiments demonstrated that overexpression of Homer1a ameliorated DNA2 KD-induced neuronal apoptosis.Collectively,these findings demonstrate that DNA2 deficiency exacerbates cerebral I/R injury through the down-regulation of Homer1a,highlighting a novel regulatory axis in ischemic neuroprotection.展开更多
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)is a robust characterization method to probe prevalent(electro)chemical processes in an electrochemical system.Despite its extensive utilization in fuel cell research,the app...Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)is a robust characterization method to probe prevalent(electro)chemical processes in an electrochemical system.Despite its extensive utilization in fuel cell research,the application of EIS in redox flow battery systems particularly for simplified two-electrode full-cell configurations is more limited.Herein we attempt to strengthen the understa nding of cha racteristic EIS data of vanadium redox flow batteries by a combination of equivalent circuit modeling with a validated Multiphysics model analyzed under hydrodynamic conditions in frequency domain.Following a highlight of system linearity and stability concerns for EIS in redox flow batteries,we specifically use our combinatory approach to investigate the effects of different cell component properties on observed galva nostatic EIS spectra and accompanying fitted equivalent circuit element parameters.For the investigated two-electrode full-cell flow battery configuration with the same electrode material on both sides,the EIS spectral data is observed to be dominated by different mass or cha rge transport processes at different ends of the spectrum.Sensitivity analyses of both obtained EIS spectral data and fitted circuit elements parameters show that electrode morphological properties,membrane porosity,and electrolyte inflow conditions predominantly define the EIS spectral data.Insights from the type of analyses performed herein can facilitate flow battery cell/stack diagnostics and targeted performance improvement efforts.展开更多
Onsite sanitation offers a sustainable alternative to centralized wastewater treatment;however,effective faecal sludge management is crucial for safe disposal and resource recovery.Among emerging treatment solutions,s...Onsite sanitation offers a sustainable alternative to centralized wastewater treatment;however,effective faecal sludge management is crucial for safe disposal and resource recovery.Among emerging treatment solutions,solar thermal drying holds significant promise to reduce sludge moisture content and enhance handling.Despite this potential,its application remains limited,with important knowledge gaps,particularly concerning the drying kinetics under different environmental and operational conditions.This study aims to fill these gaps by investigating the solar thermal drying behaviour of faecal sludge from ventilated improved pit latrines(VIPs)and urine-diverting dry toilets(UDs),with a specific focus on how air temperature and velocity influence drying performance.A bench-scale solar drying apparatus was used to investigate thin-layer sludge drying kinetics under controlled airflow conditions.The drying experiments were conducted at varying air temperatures(ambient,40℃,and 80℃)and velocities(0,0.5,and 1 m/s),where heated air was supplied via an electric resistance heater.Key drying parameters-including drying rate,critical moisture content,effective moisture diffusivity,and activation energy-were determined.Results showed that drying proceeded through a constant-rate period followed by a falling-rate period,with the critical moisture content ranging from 1.41 to 1.78 g/g db.Higher temperatures and airflow reduced the duration of the constant-rate phase,increased drying rates(0.31–0.99 g/g·min·m^(2)),and enhanced moisture diffusivity(4.56×10^(−9) to 1.52×10^(−8) m^(2)/s).Activation energy decreased with increased airflow,suggesting reduced temperature sensitivity.Thermal efficiency ranged from 14.6%to 35.1%,with solar energy contributing 73%–95% of total input.VIP sludge dried faster than UD sludge,which showed signs of surface crusting that limited moisture transfer.This research offers valuable insights into solar drying design and operation,providing scientific evidence to improve faecal sludge treatment strategies in decentralized sanitation systems.展开更多
In this paper,different stands in Dongjiang Lake Reservoir area of Zixing were selected as the research objects,and the runoff generation and soil loss characteristics of different stands were studied.The results show...In this paper,different stands in Dongjiang Lake Reservoir area of Zixing were selected as the research objects,and the runoff generation and soil loss characteristics of different stands were studied.The results showed that the annual surface runoff of each model in Zixing was between 43.24 and 50.99 mm,and there was no significant difference in the annual runoff between each stand and its control.There were significant differences in soil erosion modulus among the models,and the number ranged from 127.37 to 165.58 t/(km 2·y).展开更多
In this paper,different stands in Xianzhong Nursery of Pingjiang were selected as the research object to study the runoff generation and soil loss characteristics of different stands.The results showed that the annual...In this paper,different stands in Xianzhong Nursery of Pingjiang were selected as the research object to study the runoff generation and soil loss characteristics of different stands.The results showed that the annual surface runoff of each model in Pingjiang was between 50.50 and 70.38 mm,and the annual surface runoff of each stand decreased with years.There was no significant difference in the annual runoff between each stand,nor between each stand and its control.There were significant differences in soil erosion modulus among the models,and the number ranged from 139.20 to 197.79 t/(km^(2)·y).展开更多
Chemical warfare agents(CWAs)are extremely lethal substances used in warfare and terrorism,capable of causing permanent damage even in small doses,despite medical intervention.Therefore,detection,protection,and detoxi...Chemical warfare agents(CWAs)are extremely lethal substances used in warfare and terrorism,capable of causing permanent damage even in small doses,despite medical intervention.Therefore,detection,protection,and detoxification of CWAs are vital for the safety of first responders,military personnel,and civilians,driving significant research in this area.Herein,we designed and synthesized a poly(-diallyldimethylammonium chloride)(PDDA)mediated cupric oxide(CuO)functionalized activated carbon fabric(ACF),termed ACF@PDDA-CuO,as an adsorbent filter material for self-detoxifying chemical protective clothing.PDDA,a positively charged polyelectrolyte,effectively binds in-situ synthesized CuO to the negatively charged ACF surface,serving as a suitable binder.This study demonstrates the synergistic effects of PDDA-CuO functionalization on ACF,where PDDA treatment enhanced mechanical and comfort properties,and CuO crystal growth significantly improved detoxification efficacy against the CWA Nerve Agent Sarin.Comprehensive analyses,including FTIR,BET surface area analysis,SEM,EDS,TEM,STEM,TGA,XPS,and XRD,confirmed the uniform deposition of CuO and PDDA on the ACF surface.The Cu content on ACF@PDDA-CuO samples was measured via iodometric titration.The materials were evaluated for tensile strength,air permeability,water vapor permeability,nerve agent(Sarin)detoxification,and blister agent(Sulfur Mustard)breakthrough time to assess their applicability for protective clothing.The optimized PDDA-CuO on ACF detoxified 82.04%of Sarin within 18 h,compared to 25.22%by ACF alone,and enhanced tensile strength by 23.67%,air permeability by 24.63%,and water vapor permeability by 3.94%,while maintaining protection against Sulfur Mustard for 24 h.These findings indicate that ACF@PDDA-CuO is a promising candidate for CWA protective clothing,offering robust protection with enhanced comfort.展开更多
In the words of the late Sir Colin Blakemore,neurologists have historically sought to infer brain functions in a manner akin to to king a hammer to a computeranalyzing localized anatomical lesions caused by trauma,tum...In the words of the late Sir Colin Blakemore,neurologists have historically sought to infer brain functions in a manner akin to to king a hammer to a computeranalyzing localized anatomical lesions caused by trauma,tumors,or strokes,noting deficits,and inferring what functions certain brain regions may be responsible for.This approach exemplifies a deletion heuristic,where the absence of a specific function reveals insights about the underlying structures or mechanisms responsible for it.By observing what is lost when a particular brain region is damaged,throughout the history of the field,neurologists have pieced together the intricate relationship between anatomy and function.展开更多
This paper presents a predefined-time controller for Multiple Space transportation Robots System (MSRS), which can be applied in on-orbit assembly tasks to transport modules to pre-assembly configuration quickly. Firs...This paper presents a predefined-time controller for Multiple Space transportation Robots System (MSRS), which can be applied in on-orbit assembly tasks to transport modules to pre-assembly configuration quickly. Firstly, to simplify the analysis and design of predefined-time controller, a Predefined-time Stability Criterion is proposed in the form of Composite Lyapunov Function (CLF-PSC). Besides simplicity, the CLF-PSC also has the advantage of less conservativeness due to utilization of initial state information. Secondly, a concept of Lp-Norm-Normalized Sign Function (LPNNSF) is proposed based on the CLF-PSC. Different from traditional norm-normalized sign function, the Lp-norm of LPNNSF can be selected arbitrarily according to practical control task requirements, which means that the proposed LPNNSF is more generalized and more convenient for calculation. Thirdly, a predefined-time disturbance observer and predefined-time controller are designed based on the LPNNSF. The observer has the property of predefined-time convergence to achieve quicker and more accurate estimation of the lumped disturbance. The controller has less control input and chattering phenomenon than traditional predefined-time controller. In addition, by introducing the observer into the controller, the closed-loop system enjoys high precision and strong robustness. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified by numerical simulations. By employing the controller, the MSRS can carry assembly modules to the desired pre-assembly configuration accurately within predefined time.展开更多
This paper introduces a kind of substitute bench testing method for vehicle application development and testing method of the test requirements,including battery fast conversion cycle test equipment,enter type incubat...This paper introduces a kind of substitute bench testing method for vehicle application development and testing method of the test requirements,including battery fast conversion cycle test equipment,enter type incubator,liquid-cooled machine and ancillary equipment composed of a set of test system,through the walk-in constant temperature box to simulate the new energy vehicles under different environmental conditions of the test requirements,Liquid-cooled machine and auxiliary parts to complete the battery thermal management system need cooling fluid conditions,the battery conversion cycle test equipment to simulate the dc fast charging way of filling pile,complete battery thermal management system test,shorten the filling fast charging time and improve battery fast charge security,for troubleshooting and data collection and analysis,Improve work efficiency,save costs,and eliminate customer anxiety about battery life and charging time.展开更多
Conversion-alloying anode materials are competitive candidates for high-energy-density sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).However,the sluggish dynamics and severe volume expansion during Na insertion/extraction become the key...Conversion-alloying anode materials are competitive candidates for high-energy-density sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).However,the sluggish dynamics and severe volume expansion during Na insertion/extraction become the key bottlenecks hindering their application in SIBs.Herein,SnTe nanoparticles are anchored on reduced graphene oxide(rGO)and encapsulated by nitrogen-doped carbon(NC)to construct SnTe@rGO@NC composite as anode for SIBs,where hierarchical confinement effect can provide a buffer area to accommodate huge volume expansion as well as enhance electronic conductivity and Na-ion transfer kinetics behavior,confirmed by density functional theory(DFT)calculation and experimental study.Meanwhile,structural stability and interfacial charge transfer of the composite can be further improved by the strong chemical bonds of C-Sn and C-Te.High-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy visually at atomic scale declares that SnTe@rGO@NC proceeds conversion-alloying dual-mechanism for Na-ion storage employing Sn as redox center(4SnTe+23Na^(+)+23e^(-)→Na_(15)Sn_(4)+4Na_(2)Te).Thus,SnTe@rGO@NC architecture displays a high reversible specific capacity of 261.5 mAh·g^(-1)at 50 mA·g^(-1),superior rate capability and excellent cycling stability with long-term lifespan over 1000 cycles at 200 mA·g^(-1).The multi-physicochemical encapsulation strategy sheds light on the development of a high-performance conversion-alloying anode for SIBs.展开更多
A ground girder is laid on the preprocessed subgrade by gravity compaction and integrally uniformly supported by subgrade in maglev transit.The settlement of the maglev subgrade inevitably affects the vibration state ...A ground girder is laid on the preprocessed subgrade by gravity compaction and integrally uniformly supported by subgrade in maglev transit.The settlement of the maglev subgrade inevitably affects the vibration state of the medium and low speed maglev coupled system by the additional deformation of the maglev track.This study investigated the dynamic properties of the coupled vibration system affected by the subgrade settlement.First,a theoretical coupled vibration model of a maglev train-track-ground girder system with uneven subgrade settlement was proposed and verified.Then,the effect mechanism of the coupled system caused by the uneven subgrade settlement was explored.Finally,settlement types and subgrade support voiding were examined.The analysis showed that the uneven subgrade settlement considerably increased the dynamic responses of the levitation control system and maglev vehicle while having a minor influence on those of the track-ground girder.The influence of a single ground girder settling was the strongest,and adjacent sides’settling of two ground girders was the weakest for the vibration of a maglev train.An extremely large uneven settlement exceeding 6 mm led to active levitation control system instability.The subgrade support voiding enlarged the vehicle-induced vibration of the track ground girder.展开更多
In this study,we investigated the correlation between the pre-strain and hydrogen embrittlement(HE)mechanisms in medium-Mn steel.Intercritically annealed Fe-7Mn-0.2C-3Al(wt.%)steel,which showed a two-phase microstruct...In this study,we investigated the correlation between the pre-strain and hydrogen embrittlement(HE)mechanisms in medium-Mn steel.Intercritically annealed Fe-7Mn-0.2C-3Al(wt.%)steel,which showed a two-phase microstructure comprising α ferrite and γR retained austenite,was used as a model alloy.As the pre-strain level increased from 0%to 45%,the volume fraction of γR gradually decreased owing to the strain-inducedα′martensite transformation accompanied by an increase in dislocation density.The HE resistance decreased with increasing the pre-strain level because the sample with a higher pre-strain level revealed a higher amount of dissolved hydrogen,combined with a more extensive brittle fracture region owing to the enhanced diffusion and permeation of hydrogen from the reduced γR fraction.Ad-ditionally,the H-assisted crack in the sample without pre-strain was initiated and propagated from the γR grains when the strain-induced α′phase was formed,because most of the dissolved hydrogen was concentrated in the γR grains,and these grains were predominantly deformed compared to the other phases.However,the pre-strained sample showed more pronounced multiple H-assisted cracking at the constituent phases,such as α and α′,because it exhibited relatively well-dispersed hydrogen atoms and reduced microstrain localization at the γR grains,due to the reduced γR fraction.展开更多
基金funded by the Research and Development Fund Project of China Academy of Railway Science Group Co.,Ltd.,(No:2023YJ259)the Science and Technology Research and Development Program Project of China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.(No:J2024G008).
文摘Purpose–This research aims to monitor seismic intensity along railway lines,study methods for calculating the extent of earthquake impact on railways and address practical challenges in estimating intensity distribution along railway routes,thereby achieving graded post-earthquake response measures.Design/methodology/approach–The seismic intensity monitoring system for railways adopts a two-level architecture,namely the seismic intensity monitoring equipment and the seismic intensity rapid reporting information center processing platform.The platform obtains measured instrumental intensity through the seismic intensity monitoring equipment deployed along railways and combines it with the National Seismic Network Earthquake Catalog to generate real-time railway seismic intensity distribution maps using the Kriging interpolation algorithm.A calculation method for railway seismic impact intervals is designed to calculate the mileage intervals where the intensity area corresponding to each contour line in the seismic intensity distribution map intersects with the railway line.Findings–The system was deployed for practical earthquake monitoring demonstration applications on the Nanjiang Railway Line in Xinjiang.During the operational period,the seismic intensity monitoring equipment calculated and uploaded instrumental intensity values to the seismic intensity rapid reporting information center processing platform a total of nine times.Among these,earthquakes triggering the Kriging interpolation algorithm occurred twice.The system operated stably throughout the application period and successfully visualized relevant seismic impact data,such as earthquake intensity distribution maps and affected railway mileage sections.These results validate the system’s practicality and effectiveness.Originality/value–The seismic intensity monitoring for the railway system designed in this study can integrate the measured instrumental intensity data along railways and the earthquake catalog of the National Seismic Network.It uses the Kriging interpolation method to calculate the intensity distribution and determine the seismic impact scope,thereby addressing the issue that the seismic intensity distribution calculated by traditional attenuation formulas deviates from reality.The system can provide clear graded interval recommendations for post-earthquake disposal,effectively improve the efficiency of post-earthquake recovery and inspection and offer a decision-making basis for restoring railway operations quickly.
文摘Background Based on observations in feral pigs,the role of dietary fibre and structure may be underestimated in suckling piglet nutrition.This study investigated the effect of grass hay offered to suckling piglets either separately or included in their creep feed,combined with nursery diets with or without grass pellet inclusion on growth performance and gastrointestinal development.Methods Thirty-six litters(14–15 piglets per litter)were divided into three equal groups of 12 litters per treatment during the suckling phase:control group(CON)received regular creep feed;GH group received chopped grass hay as-is in separate feeders alongside regular creep feed;PGH group received regular creep feed but barley and wheat were replaced by 28%grass pellets.After weaning(d 23),each litter was split into two dietary treatments in a splitplot design(pre-wean treatment as main plot).Two of the pre-wean diets were also offered until d 14 post-weaning,i.e.,CON(CON nursery diet,CON-C,GH-C,PGH-C)and PGH(GH nursery diet,CON-GH,GH-GH,PGH-GH).Thereafter,transitioning to a diet containing 13%wheat/barley or grass pellets,respectively,until d 39 post-weaning.Gastrointestinal morphology,gene expression of intestinal nutrient transporters and barrier proteins,metabolite profile and microbiota were assessed on the day before weaning,d 10 and d 38 post-weaning.A total of 24 piglets were sacrificed at each dissection point.Results At weaning,GH group had consumed 7 g/piglet grass hay,and PGH group had consumed 46 g/piglet creep feed.One day before weaning,GH piglets showed heavier emptied small intestine(P=0.044)and colon(P=0.065),higher SCFA production in proximal segments and lower SCFA production in colon(P<0.05).Higher abundance of Prevotellaceae NK3b31 group was observed in caecal and colonic content of PGH compared to GH group(P<0.05),and PGH group showed a lower energy conversion ratio(net energy intake/gain,P=0.035).Following weaning,GH nursery group had a reduced average daily gain(226 vs.183 g,P<0.001)during d 0–14,while this group showed compensatory growth afterwards(P=0.056).Main plot effects on increased expressions of CLDN3 and FFAR2 were observed in GH and PGH by d 38 post-weaning(P<0.05).An interaction effect showed greater luminal abundance of the Prevotellaceae NK3b31 group in GH-GH and PGH-GH groups compared to CON-GH on d 38.The GH nursery diet showed a better energy conversion ratio(P=0.006)with no influence on body weight and their SCFA production shifted towards proximal segments.Conclusion In conclusion, feeding a structured and fibre-rich diet to suckling piglets enhance their digestive tractdevelopment and adapt their microbiome to fibre digestion in later life. Maintaining a fibre-rich diet from sucklingto nursery is recommended, though this come with a transient reduction in weight gain caused by lower feed intakethat, however, can be recovered afterwards accompanied with an optimized energy conversion ratio.
基金funded by the key R&D Project of Hubei Province(Social Development),China(2022BCA018)the Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation(Ministry of Education&Hubei Province),China(2022KF16)to Kanghong Hu.
文摘Objectives:The Kirsten rat sarcoma virus(KRAS)G12D oncogenic mutation poses a significant challenge in treating solid tumors due to the lack of specific and effective therapeutic interventions.This study aims to explore innovative approaches in T cell receptor(TCR)engineering and characterization to target the KRAS G12D7-16 mutation,providing potential strategies for overcoming this therapeutic challenge.Methods:In this innovative study,we engineered and characterized two T cell receptors(TCRs),KDA11-01 and KDA11-02 with high affinity for the KRAS G12D7-16 mutation.These TCRs were isolated from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)derived from tumor tissues of patients with the KRAS G12D mutation.We assessed their specificity and anti-tumor activity in vitro using various cancer cell lines.Results:KDA11-01 and KDA11-02 demonstrated exceptional specificity for the HLA-A*11:01-restricted KRAS G12D7-16 epitope,significantly inducing IFN-γrelease and eliminating tumor cells without cross-reactivity or alloreactivity.Conclusions:The successful development of KDA11-01 and KDA11-02 introduces a novel and precise TCR-based therapeutic strategy against KRAS G12D mutation,showing potential for significant advancements in cancer immunotherapy.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(12374358,91950207)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515010420).
文摘Glucose molecules are of great significance being one of the most important molecules in metabolic chain.However,due to the small Raman scattering cross-section and weak/non-adsorption on bare metals,accurately obtaining their"fingerprint information"remains a huge obstacle.Herein,we developed a tip-enhanced Raman scattering(TERS)technique to address this challenge.Adopting an optical fiber radial vector mode internally illuminates the plasmonic fiber tip to effectively suppress the background noise while generating a strong electric-field enhanced tip hotspot.Furthermore,the tip hotspot approaching the glucose molecules was manipulated via the shear-force feedback to provide more freedom for selecting substrates.Consequently,our TERS technique achieves the visualization of all Raman modes of glucose molecules within spectral window of 400-3200 cm^(-1),which is not achievable through the far-field/surface-enhanced Raman,or the existing TERS techniques.Our TERS technique offers a powerful tool for accurately identifying Raman scattering of molecules,paving the way for biomolecular analysis.
基金supported by the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51872238,52074227,and 21806129)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Nos.3102018zy045 and 3102019AX11)+2 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(No.2024A1515010298)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(Nos.2017JQ5116 and 2020JM-118)the Key Laboratory of Icing and Anti/De-icing of CARDC(No.IADL20220401).
文摘Gels and conductive polymer composites,including hydrogen bonds(HBs),have emerged as promising materials for electro-magnetic wave(EMW)absorption across various applications.However,the relationship between conduction loss in EMW-absorbing materials and charge transfer in HB remains to be fully understood.In this study,we developed a series of deep eutectic gels to fine-tune the quantity of HB by adjusting the molar ratio of choline chloride(ChCl)and ethylene glycol(EG).Owing to the unique properties of deep eutectic gels,the effects of magnetic loss and polarization loss on EMW attenuation can be disregarded.Our results indicate that the quantity of HB initially increases and then decreases with the introduction of EG,with HB-induced conductive loss following similar pat-terns.At a ChCl and EG molar ratio of 2.4,the gel labeled G22-CE2.4 exhibited the best EMW absorption performance,characterized by an effective absorption bandwidth of 8.50 GHz and a thickness of 2.54 mm.This superior performance is attributed to the synergistic ef-fects of excellent conductive loss and impedance matching generated by the optimal number of HB.This work elucidates the role of HB in dielectric loss for the first time and provides valuable insights into the optimal design of supramolecular polymer absorbers.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52175188 and 52274367)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2023-YBGY-434)+2 种基金he Open Fund of Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Aero-engine Materials Tribology(No.LKLAMTF202301)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2024A1515012378)the Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory.
文摘CoCrNi medium-entropy alloy has demonstrated remarkable mechanical properties,suggesting its potential as a structural material.Nevertheless,the challenge lies in achieving an elusive combination of high hardness and inherent self-lubrication on the worn surface,which is crucial for attaining exceptional tribological performance in medium-entropy alloy(MEA).This study reports the preparation of a novel CoCrNi-based self-lubricating composite by powder metallurgy,which is reinforced simultaneously with Ag solid lubricating phase and SiC ceramic particles.During the sintering process,SiC decomposes to form high hardness in situ Cr_(23)C_(6),enabling the composite to achieve high load-bearing capacity.During the sliding process,thick and dense Ag self-lubricating film is successfully achieved due to the mechanical and thermal effects.The protective tribo-layer effectively mitigates surface stress concentration induced by wear,thereby inhibiting surface coarsening and substantially enhancing the tribological performance.The results showed that compared with CoCrNi MEA,the wear rate and friction coefficient of CoCrNi/SiC/Ag composite are reduced by 88.1%and 32.8%,respectively,showing superior tribological properties over most MEA-based self-lubrication composites.This study further elucidates the wear mechanism of CoCrNi/SiC/Ag composite,providing a new strategy for developing self-lubricating materials with excellent comprehensive performance,which overcomes the inherent trade-off between wear resistance and lubrication.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52130204,52174376,52202070,51822405)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2021B1515120028)+6 种基金TQ Innovation Foundation(No.23-TQ09-02-ZT-01-005)Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.20220042053001)Science and Technology Innovation Team Plan of Shaanxi Province(No.2021TD-17)Key R&D Project of Shaanxi Province(No.2024GX-YBXM-220)Thousands Person Plan of Jiangxi Province(JXSQ2020102131)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.D5000230348,D5000220057)China Scholarship Council(Nos.202206290133,202306290190).
文摘As a 3D printing method,laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)technology has been extensively proven to offer significant advantages in fabricating complex structured specimens,achieving ultra-fine microstructures,and enhancing performances.In the domain of manufacturing melt-grown oxide ceramics,it encounters substantial challenges in suppressing crack defects during the rapid solidification process.The strategic integration of high entropy alloys(HEA),leveraging the significant ductility and toughness into ceramic powders represents a major innovation in overcoming the obstacles.The ingenious doping of HEA parti-cles preserves the eutectic microstructures of the Al_(2)O_(3)/GdAlO_(3)(GAP)/ZrO_(2)ceramic composite.The high damage tolerance of the HEA alloy under high strain rates enables the absorption of crack energy and alleviation of internal stresses during LPBF,effectively reducing crack initiation and growth.Due to in-creased curvature forces and intense Marangoni convection at the top of the molt pool,particle collision intensifies,leading to the tendency of HEA particles to agglomerate at the upper part of the molt pool.However,this phenomenon can be effectively alleviated in the remelting process of subsequent layer de-position.Furthermore,a portion of the HEA particles partially dissolves and sinks into the molten pool,acting as heterogeneous nucleation particles,inducing the formation of equiaxed eutectic and leading pri-mary phase nucleation.Some HEA particles diffuse into the lamellar ternary eutectic structures,further promoting the refinement of eutectic microstructures due to increased undercooling.The innovative dop-ing of HEA particles has effectively facilitated the fabrication of turbine-structured,conical,and cylindrical ternary eutectic ceramic composite specimens with diameters of about 70 mm,demonstrating significant developmental potential in the field of ceramic composite manufacturing.
基金supports for this research were provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12272301,12002278,U1906233)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(Nos.2023A1515011970,2024A1515010256)+1 种基金the Dalian City Supports Innovation and Entrepreneurship Projects for High-Level Talents,China(2021RD16)the Key R&D Project of CSCEC,China(No.CSCEC-2020-Z-4).
文摘Fiber-reinforced composites are an ideal material for the lightweight design of aerospace structures. Especially in recent years, with the rapid development of composite additive manufacturing technology, the design optimization of variable stiffness of fiber-reinforced composite laminates has attracted widespread attention from scholars and industry. In these aerospace composite structures, numerous cutout panels and shells serve as access points for maintaining electrical, fuel, and hydraulic systems. The traditional fiber-reinforced composite laminate subtractive drilling manufacturing inevitably faces the problems of interlayer delamination, fiber fracture, and burr of the laminate. Continuous fiber additive manufacturing technology offers the potential for integrated design optimization and manufacturing with high structural performance. Considering the integration of design and manufacturability in continuous fiber additive manufacturing, the paper proposes linear and nonlinear filtering strategies based on the Normal Distribution Fiber Optimization (NDFO) material interpolation scheme to overcome the challenge of discrete fiber optimization results, which are difficult to apply directly to continuous fiber additive manufacturing. With minimizing structural compliance as the objective function, the proposed approach provides a strategy to achieve continuity of discrete fiber paths in the variable stiffness design optimization of composite laminates with regular and irregular holes. In the variable stiffness design optimization model, the number of candidate fiber laying angles in the NDFO material interpolation scheme is considered as design variable. The sensitivity information of structural compliance with respect to the number of candidate fiber laying angles is obtained using the analytical sensitivity analysis method. Based on the proposed variable stiffness design optimization method for complex perforated composite laminates, the numerical examples consider the variable stiffness design optimization of typical non-perforated and perforated composite laminates with circular, square, and irregular holes, and systematically discuss the number of candidate discrete fiber laying angles, discrete fiber continuous filtering strategies, and filter radius on structural compliance, continuity, and manufacturability. The optimized discrete fiber angles of variable stiffness laminates are converted into continuous fiber laying paths using a streamlined process for continuous fiber additive manufacturing. Meanwhile, the optimized non-perforated and perforated MBB beams after discrete fiber continuous treatment, are manufactured using continuous fiber co-extrusion additive manufacturing technology to verify the effectiveness of the variable stiffness fiber optimization framework proposed in this paper.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32070979)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (JCYJ20220530161604009,JCYJ20240813150734043)+3 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi (2024SF,YBXM,050)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (31020190QD004,3102019YX01001)Double First-Class Project of China Pharmaceutical University (CPUQNJC22_02)Global Pharmaceutical Development Alliance Plan of China Pharmaceutical University (1302090024-05)。
文摘DNA2,a multifunctional enzyme with structure-specific nuclease,5'-to-3'helicase,and DNA-dependent ATPase activities,plays a pivotal role in the cellular response to DNA damage.However,its involvement in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury remains to be elucidated.This study investigated the involvement of DNA2 in cerebral I/R injury using conditional knockout(cKO)mice(Nestin-Cre)subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO),an established model of cerebral I/R.Results demonstrated a gradual up-regulation of DNA2 expression,peaking at 72 h post-MCAO.Notably,DNA2 cKO mice exhibited more pronounced brain injury,neurological deficits,and neuronal apoptosis within the penumbra following MCAO.Additionally,DNA2 expression was elevated in an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R)cell culture model,and DNA2 knockdown(KD)exacerbated neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress.Transcriptome analysis of ischemic penumbra tissues via RNA sequencing revealed significant down-regulation of Homer1 in DNA2 cKO mice.Furthermore,in vitro experiments demonstrated that overexpression of Homer1a ameliorated DNA2 KD-induced neuronal apoptosis.Collectively,these findings demonstrate that DNA2 deficiency exacerbates cerebral I/R injury through the down-regulation of Homer1a,highlighting a novel regulatory axis in ischemic neuroprotection.
基金sponsored by the Dubai Electricity and Water Authority(DEWA)R&D centre,Dubai,United Arab Emirates。
文摘Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)is a robust characterization method to probe prevalent(electro)chemical processes in an electrochemical system.Despite its extensive utilization in fuel cell research,the application of EIS in redox flow battery systems particularly for simplified two-electrode full-cell configurations is more limited.Herein we attempt to strengthen the understa nding of cha racteristic EIS data of vanadium redox flow batteries by a combination of equivalent circuit modeling with a validated Multiphysics model analyzed under hydrodynamic conditions in frequency domain.Following a highlight of system linearity and stability concerns for EIS in redox flow batteries,we specifically use our combinatory approach to investigate the effects of different cell component properties on observed galva nostatic EIS spectra and accompanying fitted equivalent circuit element parameters.For the investigated two-electrode full-cell flow battery configuration with the same electrode material on both sides,the EIS spectral data is observed to be dominated by different mass or cha rge transport processes at different ends of the spectrum.Sensitivity analyses of both obtained EIS spectral data and fitted circuit elements parameters show that electrode morphological properties,membrane porosity,and electrolyte inflow conditions predominantly define the EIS spectral data.Insights from the type of analyses performed herein can facilitate flow battery cell/stack diagnostics and targeted performance improvement efforts.
基金funded by the Water Research Commission through the grant K5/2582 and the Gates Foundation through the grant OPP1170678.
文摘Onsite sanitation offers a sustainable alternative to centralized wastewater treatment;however,effective faecal sludge management is crucial for safe disposal and resource recovery.Among emerging treatment solutions,solar thermal drying holds significant promise to reduce sludge moisture content and enhance handling.Despite this potential,its application remains limited,with important knowledge gaps,particularly concerning the drying kinetics under different environmental and operational conditions.This study aims to fill these gaps by investigating the solar thermal drying behaviour of faecal sludge from ventilated improved pit latrines(VIPs)and urine-diverting dry toilets(UDs),with a specific focus on how air temperature and velocity influence drying performance.A bench-scale solar drying apparatus was used to investigate thin-layer sludge drying kinetics under controlled airflow conditions.The drying experiments were conducted at varying air temperatures(ambient,40℃,and 80℃)and velocities(0,0.5,and 1 m/s),where heated air was supplied via an electric resistance heater.Key drying parameters-including drying rate,critical moisture content,effective moisture diffusivity,and activation energy-were determined.Results showed that drying proceeded through a constant-rate period followed by a falling-rate period,with the critical moisture content ranging from 1.41 to 1.78 g/g db.Higher temperatures and airflow reduced the duration of the constant-rate phase,increased drying rates(0.31–0.99 g/g·min·m^(2)),and enhanced moisture diffusivity(4.56×10^(−9) to 1.52×10^(−8) m^(2)/s).Activation energy decreased with increased airflow,suggesting reduced temperature sensitivity.Thermal efficiency ranged from 14.6%to 35.1%,with solar energy contributing 73%–95% of total input.VIP sludge dried faster than UD sludge,which showed signs of surface crusting that limited moisture transfer.This research offers valuable insights into solar drying design and operation,providing scientific evidence to improve faecal sludge treatment strategies in decentralized sanitation systems.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Plan of Hunan Province(2021SFQ19)Hunan Forestry Science and Technology Plan(OT-S-KTA5,2024YBC15).
文摘In this paper,different stands in Dongjiang Lake Reservoir area of Zixing were selected as the research objects,and the runoff generation and soil loss characteristics of different stands were studied.The results showed that the annual surface runoff of each model in Zixing was between 43.24 and 50.99 mm,and there was no significant difference in the annual runoff between each stand and its control.There were significant differences in soil erosion modulus among the models,and the number ranged from 127.37 to 165.58 t/(km 2·y).
基金Supported by Hunan Forestry Science and Technology Plan(OT-S-KTA5,2024YBC15)Science and Technology Plan of Hunan Province(2021SFQ19).
文摘In this paper,different stands in Xianzhong Nursery of Pingjiang were selected as the research object to study the runoff generation and soil loss characteristics of different stands.The results showed that the annual surface runoff of each model in Pingjiang was between 50.50 and 70.38 mm,and the annual surface runoff of each stand decreased with years.There was no significant difference in the annual runoff between each stand,nor between each stand and its control.There were significant differences in soil erosion modulus among the models,and the number ranged from 139.20 to 197.79 t/(km^(2)·y).
基金Defence Research and Development Establishment(DRDE),DRDO,Gwalior-474002,(India)for his keen interestencouragement.The DRDE accession number for this manuscript is DRDE-IREC-130-28/03/2024.
文摘Chemical warfare agents(CWAs)are extremely lethal substances used in warfare and terrorism,capable of causing permanent damage even in small doses,despite medical intervention.Therefore,detection,protection,and detoxification of CWAs are vital for the safety of first responders,military personnel,and civilians,driving significant research in this area.Herein,we designed and synthesized a poly(-diallyldimethylammonium chloride)(PDDA)mediated cupric oxide(CuO)functionalized activated carbon fabric(ACF),termed ACF@PDDA-CuO,as an adsorbent filter material for self-detoxifying chemical protective clothing.PDDA,a positively charged polyelectrolyte,effectively binds in-situ synthesized CuO to the negatively charged ACF surface,serving as a suitable binder.This study demonstrates the synergistic effects of PDDA-CuO functionalization on ACF,where PDDA treatment enhanced mechanical and comfort properties,and CuO crystal growth significantly improved detoxification efficacy against the CWA Nerve Agent Sarin.Comprehensive analyses,including FTIR,BET surface area analysis,SEM,EDS,TEM,STEM,TGA,XPS,and XRD,confirmed the uniform deposition of CuO and PDDA on the ACF surface.The Cu content on ACF@PDDA-CuO samples was measured via iodometric titration.The materials were evaluated for tensile strength,air permeability,water vapor permeability,nerve agent(Sarin)detoxification,and blister agent(Sulfur Mustard)breakthrough time to assess their applicability for protective clothing.The optimized PDDA-CuO on ACF detoxified 82.04%of Sarin within 18 h,compared to 25.22%by ACF alone,and enhanced tensile strength by 23.67%,air permeability by 24.63%,and water vapor permeability by 3.94%,while maintaining protection against Sulfur Mustard for 24 h.These findings indicate that ACF@PDDA-CuO is a promising candidate for CWA protective clothing,offering robust protection with enhanced comfort.
文摘In the words of the late Sir Colin Blakemore,neurologists have historically sought to infer brain functions in a manner akin to to king a hammer to a computeranalyzing localized anatomical lesions caused by trauma,tumors,or strokes,noting deficits,and inferring what functions certain brain regions may be responsible for.This approach exemplifies a deletion heuristic,where the absence of a specific function reveals insights about the underlying structures or mechanisms responsible for it.By observing what is lost when a particular brain region is damaged,throughout the history of the field,neurologists have pieced together the intricate relationship between anatomy and function.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12372048,12102343)the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2013206)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M742835)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(No.2023A1515011421).
文摘This paper presents a predefined-time controller for Multiple Space transportation Robots System (MSRS), which can be applied in on-orbit assembly tasks to transport modules to pre-assembly configuration quickly. Firstly, to simplify the analysis and design of predefined-time controller, a Predefined-time Stability Criterion is proposed in the form of Composite Lyapunov Function (CLF-PSC). Besides simplicity, the CLF-PSC also has the advantage of less conservativeness due to utilization of initial state information. Secondly, a concept of Lp-Norm-Normalized Sign Function (LPNNSF) is proposed based on the CLF-PSC. Different from traditional norm-normalized sign function, the Lp-norm of LPNNSF can be selected arbitrarily according to practical control task requirements, which means that the proposed LPNNSF is more generalized and more convenient for calculation. Thirdly, a predefined-time disturbance observer and predefined-time controller are designed based on the LPNNSF. The observer has the property of predefined-time convergence to achieve quicker and more accurate estimation of the lumped disturbance. The controller has less control input and chattering phenomenon than traditional predefined-time controller. In addition, by introducing the observer into the controller, the closed-loop system enjoys high precision and strong robustness. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified by numerical simulations. By employing the controller, the MSRS can carry assembly modules to the desired pre-assembly configuration accurately within predefined time.
文摘This paper introduces a kind of substitute bench testing method for vehicle application development and testing method of the test requirements,including battery fast conversion cycle test equipment,enter type incubator,liquid-cooled machine and ancillary equipment composed of a set of test system,through the walk-in constant temperature box to simulate the new energy vehicles under different environmental conditions of the test requirements,Liquid-cooled machine and auxiliary parts to complete the battery thermal management system need cooling fluid conditions,the battery conversion cycle test equipment to simulate the dc fast charging way of filling pile,complete battery thermal management system test,shorten the filling fast charging time and improve battery fast charge security,for troubleshooting and data collection and analysis,Improve work efficiency,save costs,and eliminate customer anxiety about battery life and charging time.
基金supported by Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2021A1515110164 and 2022A1515010208)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52207248)the Open Testing Foundation of Analytical&Testing Center of Northwestern Polytechnical University(No.2022T024).
文摘Conversion-alloying anode materials are competitive candidates for high-energy-density sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).However,the sluggish dynamics and severe volume expansion during Na insertion/extraction become the key bottlenecks hindering their application in SIBs.Herein,SnTe nanoparticles are anchored on reduced graphene oxide(rGO)and encapsulated by nitrogen-doped carbon(NC)to construct SnTe@rGO@NC composite as anode for SIBs,where hierarchical confinement effect can provide a buffer area to accommodate huge volume expansion as well as enhance electronic conductivity and Na-ion transfer kinetics behavior,confirmed by density functional theory(DFT)calculation and experimental study.Meanwhile,structural stability and interfacial charge transfer of the composite can be further improved by the strong chemical bonds of C-Sn and C-Te.High-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy visually at atomic scale declares that SnTe@rGO@NC proceeds conversion-alloying dual-mechanism for Na-ion storage employing Sn as redox center(4SnTe+23Na^(+)+23e^(-)→Na_(15)Sn_(4)+4Na_(2)Te).Thus,SnTe@rGO@NC architecture displays a high reversible specific capacity of 261.5 mAh·g^(-1)at 50 mA·g^(-1),superior rate capability and excellent cycling stability with long-term lifespan over 1000 cycles at 200 mA·g^(-1).The multi-physicochemical encapsulation strategy sheds light on the development of a high-performance conversion-alloying anode for SIBs.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.52478467and 52108417Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation under Grant No.2024A1515012569the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi under Grant No.2021JQ-101。
文摘A ground girder is laid on the preprocessed subgrade by gravity compaction and integrally uniformly supported by subgrade in maglev transit.The settlement of the maglev subgrade inevitably affects the vibration state of the medium and low speed maglev coupled system by the additional deformation of the maglev track.This study investigated the dynamic properties of the coupled vibration system affected by the subgrade settlement.First,a theoretical coupled vibration model of a maglev train-track-ground girder system with uneven subgrade settlement was proposed and verified.Then,the effect mechanism of the coupled system caused by the uneven subgrade settlement was explored.Finally,settlement types and subgrade support voiding were examined.The analysis showed that the uneven subgrade settlement considerably increased the dynamic responses of the levitation control system and maglev vehicle while having a minor influence on those of the track-ground girder.The influence of a single ground girder settling was the strongest,and adjacent sides’settling of two ground girders was the weakest for the vibration of a maglev train.An extremely large uneven settlement exceeding 6 mm led to active levitation control system instability.The subgrade support voiding enlarged the vehicle-induced vibration of the track ground girder.
基金supported by the Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)grant funded by the Korean Government(MOTIE)(P0023676,HRD Program for Industrial Innovation)the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)(No.2021R1A6A3A13045008).
文摘In this study,we investigated the correlation between the pre-strain and hydrogen embrittlement(HE)mechanisms in medium-Mn steel.Intercritically annealed Fe-7Mn-0.2C-3Al(wt.%)steel,which showed a two-phase microstructure comprising α ferrite and γR retained austenite,was used as a model alloy.As the pre-strain level increased from 0%to 45%,the volume fraction of γR gradually decreased owing to the strain-inducedα′martensite transformation accompanied by an increase in dislocation density.The HE resistance decreased with increasing the pre-strain level because the sample with a higher pre-strain level revealed a higher amount of dissolved hydrogen,combined with a more extensive brittle fracture region owing to the enhanced diffusion and permeation of hydrogen from the reduced γR fraction.Ad-ditionally,the H-assisted crack in the sample without pre-strain was initiated and propagated from the γR grains when the strain-induced α′phase was formed,because most of the dissolved hydrogen was concentrated in the γR grains,and these grains were predominantly deformed compared to the other phases.However,the pre-strained sample showed more pronounced multiple H-assisted cracking at the constituent phases,such as α and α′,because it exhibited relatively well-dispersed hydrogen atoms and reduced microstrain localization at the γR grains,due to the reduced γR fraction.
