Objective:To evaluate the protective effects of probiotic microorganisms on the reproductive and nervous systems of male rats treated with acrylamide.Methods:Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and rec...Objective:To evaluate the protective effects of probiotic microorganisms on the reproductive and nervous systems of male rats treated with acrylamide.Methods:Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and received normal saline through gavage(control),acrylamide 20 mg/kg body weight,acrylamide plus probiotic microorganisms(Lactobacillus acidophilus,Lactobacillus casei,Lactobacillus bulgaricus,Lactobacillus rhamnosus,Bifidobacterium breve,Bifidobacterium infantis,Streptococcus thermophilus and fructooligosaccharides,all mixed in sachets)20 or 200 mg/kg body weight,respectively.After 30 days,the testis,prostate,seminal vesicle and cerebellum were removed,fixed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin(H&E).The Johnsen score was used to classify spermatogenesis.Cavalieri's principle method was used to evaluate the total volume(in mm3)of the testes.The number of each intratubular cell type as well as intertubular Leydig cells in whole samples was measured using the physical dissector counting techniques.Stereological analysis and the grids were used to determine the volume of cerebellar layers as well as the Purkinje cell number.Results:The testis weight decreased significantly in the acrylamide-treated group compared to the other groups(P<0.001).The number of spermatogonia,spermatocytes,spermatids and Leydig cells in the acrylamide-treated group were significantly less compared to the control group(P<0.05),while they were increased significantly in the acrylamide+200 mg/kg probiotic group(P<0.05;P<0.01).The mean Johnsen score in the acrylamide-treated group was lower than in the control group(P<0.001).Acrylamide-induced changes including congestion,vacuolization in the secretory epithelial cells,and epithelial rupture were observed in the prostate and seminal vesicle.The volumes of cerebellar layers were decreased in the acrylamide group compared to the control group while recovered in both probiotic treated groups.Conclusions:Probiotic microorganisms alleviate acrylamide-induced toxicities against the reproductive and cerebellar tissues in rats.展开更多
In contrast to the conventional spermiogram, metabolomics approaches give insights into the molecular composition of semen and mayprovide more detailed information on the fertility status of the respective donor. Give...In contrast to the conventional spermiogram, metabolomics approaches give insights into the molecular composition of semen and mayprovide more detailed information on the fertility status of the respective donor. Given the intra-individual variability of spermiogramparameters between two donations, this study sought to elucidate the biological variability of the seminal plasma metabolome overan average period of 8 weeks. Two time-shifted semen samples from 15 healthy donors were compared by a targeted metabolomicsapproach utilizing the Biocrates AbsoluteIDQ p180 kit. Next to intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), which represent a measureof reliability, coefficients of variation within individuals(CVW) and coefficients of variation between individuals (CVB) were calculatedfor each metabolite to demonstrate its stability. Furthermore, men were divided into two cohorts, a similar sperm concentration(SSC) and a differing sperm concentration (DSC) cohort, based on the observed variance in sperm concentration between the twosemen donations. The ICC was higher in the SSC compared to the DSC cohort. The levels of 18 metabolites, primarily acylcarnitines,varied between the initial and subsequent donations. After subdivision into subgroups, only ornithine and phosphatidylcholine 40:5exhibited differential levels between the two donations in the SSC group, compared to 14 metabolites in the DSCgroup.CVBwashigher than CVW but both differed between the metabolite subclasses. Biogenic amines were identified as the least reliable analytesover time, exhibiting the highest CVW,compared to sphingomyelins, which demonstrated the highest reliability with the lowestvariation.CVB was the highest for ether-bound glycerophosphatidylcholines and the lowest for amino acids.展开更多
This study aims to conduct a comparative study of two strains of laboratoryrats,hooded and Wistar,to select a suitable alternative to nude rats for ovariantissue xenotransplantation.The study investigated the effects ...This study aims to conduct a comparative study of two strains of laboratoryrats,hooded and Wistar,to select a suitable alternative to nude rats for ovariantissue xenotransplantation.The study investigated the effects of ovarian tissuetransplantation using three experimental groups:(1)the control group receivingvitrified-warmed human ovarian tissue,(2)the OTW(ovarian tissue transplantationin Wistar)group with human ovarian tissues in Wistar rats,and(3)the OTH(ovariantissue transplantation in hooded)group with ovarian tissues transplanted into hoodedrats.A total of 12 rats(6 each from the two transplantation groups)were used,withtissue samples implanted in the dorsal neck muscles.Outcomes were evaluatedusing histological analyses,including hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichromestaining,as well as immunohistochemical assessments of CD31 for angiogenesis,fibrosis,and necrosis.The OTH group exhibited more blood vessel numbers and theVegf gene expression than both the OTW and control groups,with significantly lowerlevels of fibrosis and necrosis compared to the OTW and control groups.The studyindicates that hooded rats could serve as a valuable alternative for specific researchwhen nude mice are not available.Their immune systems are more compatible withhuman ovarian tissue transplants than Wistar rats,and they exhibit calmer behaviors,making them better suited for laboratory work.展开更多
Objectives 1） To explore the relationship between RTIs and mental status of Naxi women; 2） to compare the differences of depression ＆ anxiety between Naxi women who have and not have RTIs; and 3） to put forward so...Objectives 1） To explore the relationship between RTIs and mental status of Naxi women; 2） to compare the differences of depression ＆ anxiety between Naxi women who have and not have RTIs; and 3） to put forward some suggestions for improving Naxi women＇s reproductive health in psychological point of view. Methods A cross-sectional survey was adopted, 280 married Naxi female volunteers who aged above 20 years old were selected by cluster random sampling from the two selected villages of Lugufu Township of Yanyuan county in Sichuan. Two self-reporting scales, CES-D and SAS were used for assessment of depression and anxiety of the subjects. Results The facts of mental status of Sichuan Naxi women brook no optimism. Among 280 Naxi reproductive age women who were investigated in current study, only 74 （26.4%） have no depression symptoms, and 116 （41.4%） have no anxiety symptoms. For the study population, the average total scores （TS） of CES-D was 20.1, and the average total index scores （TIS） of SAS was 50.2, and both of them were above a minimum value doubted to have symptoms. There were big differences of both average TS of CES-D and TIS of SAS between Naxi women who have and not have RTIs. Further analysis revealed that RTI was a main risk factor influencing women＇s mental status （OR = 16. 043 for depression, and OR = 12.954 for anxiety）. In addition, Naxi women＇s depression and anxiety were related to order births （≤2, OR=3.149, 95% CI： 1.228, 8.076）, sex debut was younger （≤17, OR=3.043, 95% CI： 1.895, 4.884）, and multiple pregnancy （≥ 3, OR=2.728, 95% CI： 1.990, 4.173）, etc. Conclusion For improving Naxi women＇s mental status, a pressing matter of the moment is for local medical persons to gain the knowledge about mental health and the diagnosis and treatment levels of psychological disorders. At the same time, pssychological counselling should become a main activity of reproductive health services.展开更多
This pilot study evaluated effectiveness and acceptance of a new hospital-based reproductive endocrinology curriculum among Iranian medical students. A voluntary, anonymous questionnaire was used to compare two teachi...This pilot study evaluated effectiveness and acceptance of a new hospital-based reproductive endocrinology curriculum among Iranian medical students. A voluntary, anonymous questionnaire was used to compare two teaching methods as applied to junior medical students at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Students were randomly assigned to one of two clinical teaching settings;no student experienced both modules. Coursework for the pilot (experimental) group (n = 19) utilized a teaching approach comprising lectures, genetics laboratory, pelvic ultrasound, small group sessions, and opportunities to observe advanced reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization, ICSI, and embryo transfer. A control group (n = 34) received reproductive endocrinology instruction by the ‘traditional curriculum’, consisting mainly of lectures. Students were sampled at baseline and again atthe conclusion of their reproductive endocrinology session. Pre- and post-test data were analyzed for both groups;post-test differences between groups were also compared. No significant differences in mean age or gender mix were identified between the two study groups. Overall, the ques- tionnaire did not identify any significant intergroup differences for any parameter investigated. Although student acceptance rate appeared similar for both educational modules, the ratio of students having a “favorable regard” for reproductive medicine declined only among students randomized to the control group (41.2% vs. 32.3%). This report offers the first data on teaching reproductive endocrinology to medical students in Iran. Both traditional and innovative approaches to teaching reproductive endocrinology were well-accepted by students, although negative post-test responses were more common among students in the control group. While periodic quality assessments for existing clinical teaching methods are necessary, introduction of alternative teaching approaches is also important. Additional studies are planned to evaluate the impact this initiative may have on results on standardized tests measuring reproductive endocrinology knowledge, as well as election of further specialization in training.展开更多
Aging is a natural phenomenon characterized by a progressive decline in physiological integrity,leading to a deterioration of cognitive function and increasing the risk of suffering from chronic-degenerative diseases,...Aging is a natural phenomenon characterized by a progressive decline in physiological integrity,leading to a deterioration of cognitive function and increasing the risk of suffering from chronic-degenerative diseases,including cardiovascular diseases,osteoporosis,cancer,diabetes,and neurodegeneration.Aging is considered the major risk factor for Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease develops.Likewise,diabetes and insulin resistance constitute additional risk factors for developing neurodegenerative disorders.Currently,no treatment can effectively reverse these neurodegenerative pathologies.However,some antidiabetic drugs have opened the possibility of being used against neurodegenerative processes.In the previous framework,Vanadium species have demonstrated a notable antidiabetic effect.Our research group evaluated polyoxidovanadates such as decavanadate and metforminium-decavanadate with preventive and corrective activity on neurodegeneration in brain-specific areas from rats with metabolic syndrome.The results suggest that these polyoxidovanadates induce neuronal and cognitive restoration mechanisms.This review aims to describe the therapeutic potential of polyoxidovanadates as insulin-enhancer agents in the brain,constituting a therapeutic alternative for aging and neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
Dear Editor,Semen analysis is a basic test to assess male fertility and is a fundamental test in assisted reproductive technology.From the first publication of World Health Organization(WHO)Laboratory Manual of Human ...Dear Editor,Semen analysis is a basic test to assess male fertility and is a fundamental test in assisted reproductive technology.From the first publication of World Health Organization(WHO)Laboratory Manual of Human Semen and Sperm-Cervical Mucus Interaction in 1980,to the publication of the WHO Manual,6th edition in 2021,these 40 years have been recognized as providing a global standard that is widely used in research and clinical laboratories worldwide.The WHO Manual,6th edition in Chinese,which we have been authorized by the WHO to translate,will be published soon.展开更多
Premature ovarian failure(POF)is defined as the loss of normal ovarian function before the age of 40 and is characterized by increased gonadotropin levels and decreased estradiol levels and ovarian reserve,often leadi...Premature ovarian failure(POF)is defined as the loss of normal ovarian function before the age of 40 and is characterized by increased gonadotropin levels and decreased estradiol levels and ovarian reserve,often leading to infertility.The incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of POF is a major impediment to the development of effective treatments for this disease,so the use of animal models is a promising option for investigating and identifying the molecular mechanisms involved in POF patients and developing therapeutic agents.As mice and rats are the most commonly used models in animal research,this review article considers studies that used murine POF models.In this review based on the most recent studies,first,we introduce 10 different methods for inducing murine POF models,then we demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of each one,and finally,we suggest the most practical method for inducing a POF model in these animals.This may help researchers find the method of creating a POF model that is most appropriate for their type of study and suits the purpose of their research.展开更多
Background Hysteroscopy is the preferred method for the diagnosis and treatment of uterine diseases.With the increasing demand for outpatient hysteroscopy,disposable digital hysteroscopy has emerged,which can meet the...Background Hysteroscopy is the preferred method for the diagnosis and treatment of uterine diseases.With the increasing demand for outpatient hysteroscopy,disposable digital hysteroscopy has emerged,which can meet the requirements of diagnosis and treatment integration,and greatly reduce the labour and storage costs.Methods A total of 108 outpatients who underwent hysteroscopy using disposable digital hysteroscope were divided into two groups:the non-porous group(group A,n=49)and the married with child group(group B,n=59).The patients’general information and clinical data were recorded and statistical analysis was performed.Results No differences were found between the age,weight,body mass index,menopausal status and indication for hysteroscopy of the two groups.The most common indication was embryo transfer failure.The surgical success rate of 108 patients was 100%,the concordance rate between hysteroscopic diagnosis of chronic endometritis and pathological diagnosis was 94.44%(68/72),while the false positive rate stood at 38.89%(14/36).Additionally,incidental findings rate for endometrial polyps was 92.00%(23/25)with a low false positive rate of only 6%(5/83).The mean visual analogue scale score of group A was 2.285±0.180,which was not significantly different from group B(p=0.483,95%CI(−0.60-0.44)).The pregnancy rate among patients who received assisted reproductive technology and were followed up for 1 year after surgery was 66.67%(40/60),while the abortion rate stood at 5.00%(3/60).Conclusions The disposable digital hysteroscope is a valuable and effective tool for outpatient hysteroscopy.展开更多
As a novel biomarker,there is inconsistent evidence regarding the association between anti-Miillerian hormone (AMH) and live birth rate in freezing-all embryo transfer cycles.We aim to assess the prognostic effect of ...As a novel biomarker,there is inconsistent evidence regarding the association between anti-Miillerian hormone (AMH) and live birth rate in freezing-all embryo transfer cycles.We aim to assess the prognostic effect of baseline AMH on clinical outcomes,especially live birth rate in freezing-all embryo transfer cycles.A total of 828 non-polycystic ovary patients that underwent their first frozen-thawed embryo transfers in our center between January 2010 and January 2015 were recruited in this retrospective analysis.Patients were stratified into three groups based on their baseline AMH concentration:low AMH group (<1.4ng/mL),middle AMH group (1.4-5.8 ng/mL)and high AMH group (>5.8 ng/mL).The results showed that low AMH level was associated With adverse clinical outcomes.The differences in implantation rate (21.9% vs.43.2% vs.58.8%,P<0.001),clinical pregnancy rate (32.0% vs.55.2% vs.65.7%, P<0.001),live birth delivery rate (21.8% vs.43.6% vs.52.7%,P<0.001)and miscarriage rate (31.8% vs.17.5% vs.15.4%,P=0.014)among the three groups were statistically significant.After adjusting confounders (i.e.age,baseline FSH level,AFC,endometrium thickness,endometriurn preparation protocols,number of embryos transferred,etiologies of infertility),differences in live birth rate,clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate between groups remained significant.The further age subgroup analysis demonstrated that low AMH concentration was significantly associated with poor outcomes both in young and advanced patients.The area under the curve for serum AMH,age,AFC and FSH were 0.635,0.634,0.615 and 0.543 respectively,for predicting live birth.In conclusion, baseline AMH was an independent prognostic factor of live birth rate of freezing-all embryo transfers,but its predictive value on live birth rate was of limited clinical value.展开更多
As one of the earliest markers for predicting pregnancy outcomes, human chorionic gonadotropin(h CG) values have been inconclusive on reliability of the prediction after frozen and fresh embryo transfer(ET). In this r...As one of the earliest markers for predicting pregnancy outcomes, human chorionic gonadotropin(h CG) values have been inconclusive on reliability of the prediction after frozen and fresh embryo transfer(ET). In this retrospective study, patients with positive h CG(day 12 after transfer) were included to examine the h CG levels and their predictive value for pregnancy outcomes following 214 fresh and 1513 vitrified-warmed single-blastocyst transfer cycles. For patients who got clinical pregnancy, the mean initial h CG value was significantly higher after frozen cycles than fresh cycles, and the similar result was demonstrated for patients with live births(LB). The difference in h CG value existed even after adjusting for the potential covariates. The area under curves(AUC) and threshold values calculated by receiver operator characteristic curves were 0.944 and 213.05 m IU/m L for clinical pregnancy after fresh ET, 0.894 and 399.50 m IU/m L for clinical pregnancy after frozen ET, 0.812 and 222.86 m IU/m L for LB after fresh ET, and 0.808 and 410.80 m IU/mL for LB after frozen ET with acceptable sensitivity and specificity, respectively. In conclusion, single frozen blastocyst transfer leads to higher initial h CG values than single fresh blastocyst transfer, and the initial h CG level is a reliable predictive factor for predicting IVF outcomes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Premature ovarian failure(POF)affects many adult women less than 40 years of age and leads to infertility.According to previous reports,various tissue-specific stem cells can restore ovarian function and fo...BACKGROUND Premature ovarian failure(POF)affects many adult women less than 40 years of age and leads to infertility.According to previous reports,various tissue-specific stem cells can restore ovarian function and folliculogenesis in mice with chemotherapy-induced POF.Human embryonic stem cells(ES)provide an alternative source for mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)because of their similarities in phenotype and immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory characteristics.Embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells(ES-MSCs)are attractive candidates for regenerative medicine because of their high proliferation and lack of barriers for harvesting tissue-specific MSCs.However,possible therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of transplanted ES-MSCs on cyclophosphamide and busulfan-induced mouse ovarian damage have not been evaluated.AIM To evaluate ES-MSCs vs bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(BMMSCs)in restoring ovarian function in a mouse model of chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure.METHODS Female mice received intraperitoneal injections of different doses of cyclophosphamide and busulfan to induce POF.Either human ES-MSCs or BMMSCs were transplanted into these mice.Ten days after the mice were injected with cyclophosphamide and busulfan and 4 wk after transplantation of the ESMSCs and/or BM-MSCs,we evaluated body weight,estrous cyclicity,folliclestimulating hormone and estradiol hormone concentrations and follicle count were used to evaluate the POF model and cell transplantation.Moreover,terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated 2-deoxyuridine 5-triphosphate nick end labeling,real-time PCR,Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry and mating was used to evaluate cell transplantation.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to analyze vascular endothelial growth factor,insulin-like growth factor 2 and hepatocyte growth factor levels in ES-MSC condition medium in order to investigate the mechanisms that underlie their function.RESULTS The human ES-MSCs significantly restored hormone secretion,survival rate and reproductive function in POF mice,which was similar to the results obtained with BM-MSCs.Gene expression analysis and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated 2-deoxyuridine 5-triphosphate nick end labeling assay results indicated that the ES-MSCs and/or BM-MSCs reduced apoptosis in the follicles.Notably,the transplanted mice generated new offspring.The results of different analyses showed increases in antiapoptotic and trophic proteins and genes.CONCLUSION These results suggested that transplantation of human ES-MSCs were similar to BM-MSCs in that they could restore the structure of the injured ovarian tissue and its function in chemotherapy-induced damaged POF mice and rescue fertility.The possible mechanisms of human ES-MSC were related to promotion of follicular development,ovarian secretion,fertility via a paracrine effect and ovarian cell survival.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Analgesic and wound-healing effects of cinnamon, a widely used spice, have been shown in laboratory rats. However, we found no human studies in this area. OBJECTIVE： The aim of this study was to assess t...BACKGROUND： Analgesic and wound-healing effects of cinnamon, a widely used spice, have been shown in laboratory rats. However, we found no human studies in this area. OBJECTIVE： The aim of this study was to assess the effect of cinnamon on perineal pain and healing of episiotomy incision. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS： In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 144 postpartum women were allocated into two groups, using stratified block randomization, 1 h after completion of episiotomy repair. They received cinnamon or placebo ointment, 2 mL every 12 h for 10 d. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Perineal pain and wound healing were assessed using visual analogue scale （0-10）and Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge, Approximation scale （0-15）, respectively. General linear model was used to compare the groups on the outcomes adjusted for baseline values and stratified factors. RESULTS： Follow-up rate was 100% up to the 8 h time point in both groups, and 86% （62 of 72） in the cinnamon group and 85% （61 of 72） in the placebo group at day 10-11 after delivery. Pain score in the cinnamon group was significantly lower than that in the placebo group at （4±1） h （adjusted difference： -0.6, 95% confidence interval： -1.0 to -0.2） and （8＋1） h （-0.9, -1.4 to -0.3） after intervention, and on the 10-11th day after delivery （-1.4, -2.0 to -0.7）. Also the cinnamon group showed significantly more improvement than the control group in healing score at （8±1） h （-0.2, -0.4 to -0.04） and the 10-11th day after delivery （-1.6, -2.0 to -1.1）. CONCLUSION： Cinnamon can be used for reducing perineal pain and improving healing of episiotomy incision.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the expression of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor （CAR） and adenovirus-mediated reporter gene transfer in five human colon cancer cell lines.METHODS： Expression of CAR-specific mRNA and ...AIM： To investigate the expression of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor （CAR） and adenovirus-mediated reporter gene transfer in five human colon cancer cell lines.METHODS： Expression of CAR-specific mRNA and protein was analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. Adenovirusbased gene delivery was evaluated by infection of cells with adenoviral vector carrying the green fluorescent protein （GFP） gene.RESULTS： All the colon cancer cell lines examined （HT29, LS180, SW480, SW948 and SWlll6） expressed CAR full-length mRNA and an alternatively-spliced variant that lacks the transmembrane coding exon. All cell lines were detected as CAR-positive by Western blot analysis. Further, all cells we examined were efficiently infected with adenoviral vector-GFP.CONCLUSION： The data indicated that the five colon cancer cell lines tested expressed adenovirus primary receptor and could be efficiently infected by adenoviral vectors. Therefore, these cell lines will be useful for adenovirus-based gene transfer and research.展开更多
AIM:To estimate the overall prevalence of diabetic retinopathy(DR)in Iran by a systematic review and Metaanalysis.METHODS:We conducted a search of all published literature on diabetic patients for the prevalence of DR...AIM:To estimate the overall prevalence of diabetic retinopathy(DR)in Iran by a systematic review and Metaanalysis.METHODS:We conducted a search of all published literature on diabetic patients for the prevalence of DR using Web of Sciences,Pub Med,Scopus,Google Scholar,and national electronic databases SID,Magiran,and Iranmedex from their inception until September 2016 with standard keywords.Pooled estimates of the DR prevalence and the corresponding 95%confidence intervals(CI)were calculated using random effects models.RESULTS:Thirty-one studies involving 23729 patients with typeⅠandⅡdiabetes were included.The publication bias assumption for prevalence of DR was rejected by Begg and Egger tests(P=0.825,P=0.057,respectively).The results of Cochran test and I^2 statistics showed considerable heterogeneity for prevalence of DR(Q=1278.21,d.f.=30,P〈0.001 and I^2=97.7%).The prevalence of DR,non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR)and proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)in Iranian diabetic patients were 41.9%(95%CI:35.6-48.2),32.2%(95%CI:28.7-35.8),and 13.2%(95%CI:8.3-18.1),respectively.CONCLUSION:The prevalence of DR in Iran appears a little high.NPDR was more common.This study highlights the necessity for DR screening and management in diabetic patients in Iran.展开更多
It is generally agreed that adipocytes originate from mesenchymal stem cells in what can be divided into two processes:determination and differentiation.In the past decade,many factors associated with epigenetic signa...It is generally agreed that adipocytes originate from mesenchymal stem cells in what can be divided into two processes:determination and differentiation.In the past decade,many factors associated with epigenetic signals have been proved to be pivotal for the appropriate timing of adipogenesis progression.A large number of coregulators at critical gene promoters set up specific patterns of DNA methylation,histone acetylation and methylation,and nucleosome rearrangement,that act as an epigenetic code to modulate the correct progress of adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis during adipogenesis.In this review,we focus on the functions and roles of epigenetic processes in preadipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis.展开更多
AIM： To estimate overall prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity （ROP） in Iran using a systematic review and Meta-analysis. METHODS： A systematic review and Meta-analysis was performed of all published studies p...AIM： To estimate overall prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity （ROP） in Iran using a systematic review and Meta-analysis. METHODS： A systematic review and Meta-analysis was performed of all published studies pertaining to prevalence of ROP using international and national electronic databases （ISI Web of Sciences, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, SlD, Maglran, and IranMedex） from their inception until May 2016 with standard keywords. Begg and Egger tests were used to examine the publication bias and Cochran test and f statistics were used to evaluate the statistical heterogeneity. Pooled estimate of the prevalence of ROP were calculated using random effects Meta- analysis. RESULTS： The publication bias assumption was rejected by Egger tests with P-value equal to 0.024. The results of Cochran test and 12 statistics revealed substantial heterogeneity （Q=1099.02, df=25, f=97.7%, P=-0.001）. The overall prevalence of ROP using the random effect model in Iran was 26.1% （95% Ch 20.3%-31.8%）. CONCLUSION： The prevalence of ROP is relatively high in Iran. Low birth weight and gestational age are significant risk factors for the disease. Improved care, including oxygen delivery and monitoring, for preterm babies in all facility settings would reduce the number of babies affected with ROP.展开更多
Background: Perineal traumas particularly caused by following vaginal delivery are associated with short and long term morbidity for women. Therefore, interventions that increase the probability of intact perineum are...Background: Perineal traumas particularly caused by following vaginal delivery are associated with short and long term morbidity for women. Therefore, interventions that increase the probability of intact perineum are necessary. The aim of study was to determine the effect of perineal massage with a sterile lubricant on the incidence of episiotomy and perinea laceration. Materials: This clinical trial study was performed on 145 nulliparous women who referred to Amol Emam Ali teaching center for normal delivery. They were randomly participating in interventional group (massage with lubricant) (45 cases) or control group (100 cases). In massage group when they progressed to full dilatation of the cervix, the midwife inserted two fingers inside vagina and using a sweeping motion gently stretched the perineum with lubricant 5 up to 10 minutes, in and between mother’s pushing in the second stage of labour. In control group just Ritgen Maneuver was applied. At last, we compared the rate of intact perineum, episiotomy and laceration, mean duration of the second stage of labor and Apgar score in 1 and 5 minutes between two groups. Statistical analyses were performed using t-test, Chi Square to determine potentially significant associations, and a p value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The incidences of intact perineum, episiotomy and laceration were 22.2% (10), 44.4% (20), 33.3% (15) respectively in interventional group. In control group, intact perineum, episiotomy and laceration were: 20.2% (20), 49.3% (71), 28.3% (28) respectively. This difference was not statis- tically significant. Rate of first-degree laceration was 33.3% (15) in massage group, while this percent was 28.3% (28) in control group. This difference was not statistically significant. In massage and control groups, second, third and fourth-degree lacerations did not occur. Conclusion: The results showed that massage with a sterile lubricant provides no apparent and significant advantage or disadvantage in reducing perineal trauma. Therefore, the use of massage as technique for perineal control is safe based on labour criteria and woman’s preference during delivery.展开更多
Background: Infertility is a unique medical challenge that can have health behavioral consequence on infertile women including lack of self-esteem, depression, anxiety, fertility problem in infertile couples. The aim ...Background: Infertility is a unique medical challenge that can have health behavioral consequence on infertile women including lack of self-esteem, depression, anxiety, fertility problem in infertile couples. The aim of this study was to evaluate correlation between self-efficacy and health behaviors scales in infertile women. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 89 infertile women with mild to moderate depression (Beck scores 10 - 47) who were recruited from Fatemeh Zahra Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center. All participants completed Self-efficacy Inventory (ISE) and other health behavioral scales (e.g., the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Cattle Anxiety Scale (CAS), Fertility Problem Infertility (FPI), and GHQ). Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman rho correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. Variables were included in the study if they had a p-value展开更多
With the decline in male fertility in recent years,strategies for male fertility preservation have received increasing attention.In this study,by reviewing current treatments and recent publications,we describe resear...With the decline in male fertility in recent years,strategies for male fertility preservation have received increasing attention.In this study,by reviewing current treatments and recent publications,we describe research progress in and the future directions of stem cell-based therapies for male fertility preservation,focusing on the use of spermatogonial stem cells(SSCs),SSC niches,SSC-based testicular organoids,other stem cell types such as mesenchymal stem cells,and stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles.In conclusion,a more comprehensive understanding of the germ cell microenvironment,stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles,and testicular organoids will play an important role in achieving male fertility preservation.展开更多
基金Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences,Yazd,Iran(grant number 5689).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the protective effects of probiotic microorganisms on the reproductive and nervous systems of male rats treated with acrylamide.Methods:Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and received normal saline through gavage(control),acrylamide 20 mg/kg body weight,acrylamide plus probiotic microorganisms(Lactobacillus acidophilus,Lactobacillus casei,Lactobacillus bulgaricus,Lactobacillus rhamnosus,Bifidobacterium breve,Bifidobacterium infantis,Streptococcus thermophilus and fructooligosaccharides,all mixed in sachets)20 or 200 mg/kg body weight,respectively.After 30 days,the testis,prostate,seminal vesicle and cerebellum were removed,fixed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin(H&E).The Johnsen score was used to classify spermatogenesis.Cavalieri's principle method was used to evaluate the total volume(in mm3)of the testes.The number of each intratubular cell type as well as intertubular Leydig cells in whole samples was measured using the physical dissector counting techniques.Stereological analysis and the grids were used to determine the volume of cerebellar layers as well as the Purkinje cell number.Results:The testis weight decreased significantly in the acrylamide-treated group compared to the other groups(P<0.001).The number of spermatogonia,spermatocytes,spermatids and Leydig cells in the acrylamide-treated group were significantly less compared to the control group(P<0.05),while they were increased significantly in the acrylamide+200 mg/kg probiotic group(P<0.05;P<0.01).The mean Johnsen score in the acrylamide-treated group was lower than in the control group(P<0.001).Acrylamide-induced changes including congestion,vacuolization in the secretory epithelial cells,and epithelial rupture were observed in the prostate and seminal vesicle.The volumes of cerebellar layers were decreased in the acrylamide group compared to the control group while recovered in both probiotic treated groups.Conclusions:Probiotic microorganisms alleviate acrylamide-induced toxicities against the reproductive and cerebellar tissues in rats.
文摘In contrast to the conventional spermiogram, metabolomics approaches give insights into the molecular composition of semen and mayprovide more detailed information on the fertility status of the respective donor. Given the intra-individual variability of spermiogramparameters between two donations, this study sought to elucidate the biological variability of the seminal plasma metabolome overan average period of 8 weeks. Two time-shifted semen samples from 15 healthy donors were compared by a targeted metabolomicsapproach utilizing the Biocrates AbsoluteIDQ p180 kit. Next to intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), which represent a measureof reliability, coefficients of variation within individuals(CVW) and coefficients of variation between individuals (CVB) were calculatedfor each metabolite to demonstrate its stability. Furthermore, men were divided into two cohorts, a similar sperm concentration(SSC) and a differing sperm concentration (DSC) cohort, based on the observed variance in sperm concentration between the twosemen donations. The ICC was higher in the SSC compared to the DSC cohort. The levels of 18 metabolites, primarily acylcarnitines,varied between the initial and subsequent donations. After subdivision into subgroups, only ornithine and phosphatidylcholine 40:5exhibited differential levels between the two donations in the SSC group, compared to 14 metabolites in the DSCgroup.CVBwashigher than CVW but both differed between the metabolite subclasses. Biogenic amines were identified as the least reliable analytesover time, exhibiting the highest CVW,compared to sphingomyelins, which demonstrated the highest reliability with the lowestvariation.CVB was the highest for ether-bound glycerophosphatidylcholines and the lowest for amino acids.
文摘This study aims to conduct a comparative study of two strains of laboratoryrats,hooded and Wistar,to select a suitable alternative to nude rats for ovariantissue xenotransplantation.The study investigated the effects of ovarian tissuetransplantation using three experimental groups:(1)the control group receivingvitrified-warmed human ovarian tissue,(2)the OTW(ovarian tissue transplantationin Wistar)group with human ovarian tissues in Wistar rats,and(3)the OTH(ovariantissue transplantation in hooded)group with ovarian tissues transplanted into hoodedrats.A total of 12 rats(6 each from the two transplantation groups)were used,withtissue samples implanted in the dorsal neck muscles.Outcomes were evaluatedusing histological analyses,including hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichromestaining,as well as immunohistochemical assessments of CD31 for angiogenesis,fibrosis,and necrosis.The OTH group exhibited more blood vessel numbers and theVegf gene expression than both the OTW and control groups,with significantly lowerlevels of fibrosis and necrosis compared to the OTW and control groups.The studyindicates that hooded rats could serve as a valuable alternative for specific researchwhen nude mice are not available.Their immune systems are more compatible withhuman ovarian tissue transplants than Wistar rats,and they exhibit calmer behaviors,making them better suited for laboratory work.
文摘Objectives 1） To explore the relationship between RTIs and mental status of Naxi women; 2） to compare the differences of depression ＆ anxiety between Naxi women who have and not have RTIs; and 3） to put forward some suggestions for improving Naxi women＇s reproductive health in psychological point of view. Methods A cross-sectional survey was adopted, 280 married Naxi female volunteers who aged above 20 years old were selected by cluster random sampling from the two selected villages of Lugufu Township of Yanyuan county in Sichuan. Two self-reporting scales, CES-D and SAS were used for assessment of depression and anxiety of the subjects. Results The facts of mental status of Sichuan Naxi women brook no optimism. Among 280 Naxi reproductive age women who were investigated in current study, only 74 （26.4%） have no depression symptoms, and 116 （41.4%） have no anxiety symptoms. For the study population, the average total scores （TS） of CES-D was 20.1, and the average total index scores （TIS） of SAS was 50.2, and both of them were above a minimum value doubted to have symptoms. There were big differences of both average TS of CES-D and TIS of SAS between Naxi women who have and not have RTIs. Further analysis revealed that RTI was a main risk factor influencing women＇s mental status （OR = 16. 043 for depression, and OR = 12.954 for anxiety）. In addition, Naxi women＇s depression and anxiety were related to order births （≤2, OR=3.149, 95% CI： 1.228, 8.076）, sex debut was younger （≤17, OR=3.043, 95% CI： 1.895, 4.884）, and multiple pregnancy （≥ 3, OR=2.728, 95% CI： 1.990, 4.173）, etc. Conclusion For improving Naxi women＇s mental status, a pressing matter of the moment is for local medical persons to gain the knowledge about mental health and the diagnosis and treatment levels of psychological disorders. At the same time, pssychological counselling should become a main activity of reproductive health services.
文摘This pilot study evaluated effectiveness and acceptance of a new hospital-based reproductive endocrinology curriculum among Iranian medical students. A voluntary, anonymous questionnaire was used to compare two teaching methods as applied to junior medical students at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Students were randomly assigned to one of two clinical teaching settings;no student experienced both modules. Coursework for the pilot (experimental) group (n = 19) utilized a teaching approach comprising lectures, genetics laboratory, pelvic ultrasound, small group sessions, and opportunities to observe advanced reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization, ICSI, and embryo transfer. A control group (n = 34) received reproductive endocrinology instruction by the ‘traditional curriculum’, consisting mainly of lectures. Students were sampled at baseline and again atthe conclusion of their reproductive endocrinology session. Pre- and post-test data were analyzed for both groups;post-test differences between groups were also compared. No significant differences in mean age or gender mix were identified between the two study groups. Overall, the ques- tionnaire did not identify any significant intergroup differences for any parameter investigated. Although student acceptance rate appeared similar for both educational modules, the ratio of students having a “favorable regard” for reproductive medicine declined only among students randomized to the control group (41.2% vs. 32.3%). This report offers the first data on teaching reproductive endocrinology to medical students in Iran. Both traditional and innovative approaches to teaching reproductive endocrinology were well-accepted by students, although negative post-test responses were more common among students in the control group. While periodic quality assessments for existing clinical teaching methods are necessary, introduction of alternative teaching approaches is also important. Additional studies are planned to evaluate the impact this initiative may have on results on standardized tests measuring reproductive endocrinology knowledge, as well as election of further specialization in training.
基金funded by project from National Research System (CONACYT),Mexico (to SIGC)
文摘Aging is a natural phenomenon characterized by a progressive decline in physiological integrity,leading to a deterioration of cognitive function and increasing the risk of suffering from chronic-degenerative diseases,including cardiovascular diseases,osteoporosis,cancer,diabetes,and neurodegeneration.Aging is considered the major risk factor for Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease develops.Likewise,diabetes and insulin resistance constitute additional risk factors for developing neurodegenerative disorders.Currently,no treatment can effectively reverse these neurodegenerative pathologies.However,some antidiabetic drugs have opened the possibility of being used against neurodegenerative processes.In the previous framework,Vanadium species have demonstrated a notable antidiabetic effect.Our research group evaluated polyoxidovanadates such as decavanadate and metforminium-decavanadate with preventive and corrective activity on neurodegeneration in brain-specific areas from rats with metabolic syndrome.The results suggest that these polyoxidovanadates induce neuronal and cognitive restoration mechanisms.This review aims to describe the therapeutic potential of polyoxidovanadates as insulin-enhancer agents in the brain,constituting a therapeutic alternative for aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
基金supported by Nonprofit Central Research Institute Fund of National Research Institute for Family Planning(2022GJM02 and 2022GJZD01).
文摘Dear Editor,Semen analysis is a basic test to assess male fertility and is a fundamental test in assisted reproductive technology.From the first publication of World Health Organization(WHO)Laboratory Manual of Human Semen and Sperm-Cervical Mucus Interaction in 1980,to the publication of the WHO Manual,6th edition in 2021,these 40 years have been recognized as providing a global standard that is widely used in research and clinical laboratories worldwide.The WHO Manual,6th edition in Chinese,which we have been authorized by the WHO to translate,will be published soon.
文摘Premature ovarian failure(POF)is defined as the loss of normal ovarian function before the age of 40 and is characterized by increased gonadotropin levels and decreased estradiol levels and ovarian reserve,often leading to infertility.The incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of POF is a major impediment to the development of effective treatments for this disease,so the use of animal models is a promising option for investigating and identifying the molecular mechanisms involved in POF patients and developing therapeutic agents.As mice and rats are the most commonly used models in animal research,this review article considers studies that used murine POF models.In this review based on the most recent studies,first,we introduce 10 different methods for inducing murine POF models,then we demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of each one,and finally,we suggest the most practical method for inducing a POF model in these animals.This may help researchers find the method of creating a POF model that is most appropriate for their type of study and suits the purpose of their research.
文摘Background Hysteroscopy is the preferred method for the diagnosis and treatment of uterine diseases.With the increasing demand for outpatient hysteroscopy,disposable digital hysteroscopy has emerged,which can meet the requirements of diagnosis and treatment integration,and greatly reduce the labour and storage costs.Methods A total of 108 outpatients who underwent hysteroscopy using disposable digital hysteroscope were divided into two groups:the non-porous group(group A,n=49)and the married with child group(group B,n=59).The patients’general information and clinical data were recorded and statistical analysis was performed.Results No differences were found between the age,weight,body mass index,menopausal status and indication for hysteroscopy of the two groups.The most common indication was embryo transfer failure.The surgical success rate of 108 patients was 100%,the concordance rate between hysteroscopic diagnosis of chronic endometritis and pathological diagnosis was 94.44%(68/72),while the false positive rate stood at 38.89%(14/36).Additionally,incidental findings rate for endometrial polyps was 92.00%(23/25)with a low false positive rate of only 6%(5/83).The mean visual analogue scale score of group A was 2.285±0.180,which was not significantly different from group B(p=0.483,95%CI(−0.60-0.44)).The pregnancy rate among patients who received assisted reproductive technology and were followed up for 1 year after surgery was 66.67%(40/60),while the abortion rate stood at 5.00%(3/60).Conclusions The disposable digital hysteroscope is a valuable and effective tool for outpatient hysteroscopy.
文摘As a novel biomarker,there is inconsistent evidence regarding the association between anti-Miillerian hormone (AMH) and live birth rate in freezing-all embryo transfer cycles.We aim to assess the prognostic effect of baseline AMH on clinical outcomes,especially live birth rate in freezing-all embryo transfer cycles.A total of 828 non-polycystic ovary patients that underwent their first frozen-thawed embryo transfers in our center between January 2010 and January 2015 were recruited in this retrospective analysis.Patients were stratified into three groups based on their baseline AMH concentration:low AMH group (<1.4ng/mL),middle AMH group (1.4-5.8 ng/mL)and high AMH group (>5.8 ng/mL).The results showed that low AMH level was associated With adverse clinical outcomes.The differences in implantation rate (21.9% vs.43.2% vs.58.8%,P<0.001),clinical pregnancy rate (32.0% vs.55.2% vs.65.7%, P<0.001),live birth delivery rate (21.8% vs.43.6% vs.52.7%,P<0.001)and miscarriage rate (31.8% vs.17.5% vs.15.4%,P=0.014)among the three groups were statistically significant.After adjusting confounders (i.e.age,baseline FSH level,AFC,endometrium thickness,endometriurn preparation protocols,number of embryos transferred,etiologies of infertility),differences in live birth rate,clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate between groups remained significant.The further age subgroup analysis demonstrated that low AMH concentration was significantly associated with poor outcomes both in young and advanced patients.The area under the curve for serum AMH,age,AFC and FSH were 0.635,0.634,0.615 and 0.543 respectively,for predicting live birth.In conclusion, baseline AMH was an independent prognostic factor of live birth rate of freezing-all embryo transfers,but its predictive value on live birth rate was of limited clinical value.
文摘As one of the earliest markers for predicting pregnancy outcomes, human chorionic gonadotropin(h CG) values have been inconclusive on reliability of the prediction after frozen and fresh embryo transfer(ET). In this retrospective study, patients with positive h CG(day 12 after transfer) were included to examine the h CG levels and their predictive value for pregnancy outcomes following 214 fresh and 1513 vitrified-warmed single-blastocyst transfer cycles. For patients who got clinical pregnancy, the mean initial h CG value was significantly higher after frozen cycles than fresh cycles, and the similar result was demonstrated for patients with live births(LB). The difference in h CG value existed even after adjusting for the potential covariates. The area under curves(AUC) and threshold values calculated by receiver operator characteristic curves were 0.944 and 213.05 m IU/m L for clinical pregnancy after fresh ET, 0.894 and 399.50 m IU/m L for clinical pregnancy after frozen ET, 0.812 and 222.86 m IU/m L for LB after fresh ET, and 0.808 and 410.80 m IU/mL for LB after frozen ET with acceptable sensitivity and specificity, respectively. In conclusion, single frozen blastocyst transfer leads to higher initial h CG values than single fresh blastocyst transfer, and the initial h CG level is a reliable predictive factor for predicting IVF outcomes.
文摘BACKGROUND Premature ovarian failure(POF)affects many adult women less than 40 years of age and leads to infertility.According to previous reports,various tissue-specific stem cells can restore ovarian function and folliculogenesis in mice with chemotherapy-induced POF.Human embryonic stem cells(ES)provide an alternative source for mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)because of their similarities in phenotype and immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory characteristics.Embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells(ES-MSCs)are attractive candidates for regenerative medicine because of their high proliferation and lack of barriers for harvesting tissue-specific MSCs.However,possible therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of transplanted ES-MSCs on cyclophosphamide and busulfan-induced mouse ovarian damage have not been evaluated.AIM To evaluate ES-MSCs vs bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(BMMSCs)in restoring ovarian function in a mouse model of chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure.METHODS Female mice received intraperitoneal injections of different doses of cyclophosphamide and busulfan to induce POF.Either human ES-MSCs or BMMSCs were transplanted into these mice.Ten days after the mice were injected with cyclophosphamide and busulfan and 4 wk after transplantation of the ESMSCs and/or BM-MSCs,we evaluated body weight,estrous cyclicity,folliclestimulating hormone and estradiol hormone concentrations and follicle count were used to evaluate the POF model and cell transplantation.Moreover,terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated 2-deoxyuridine 5-triphosphate nick end labeling,real-time PCR,Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry and mating was used to evaluate cell transplantation.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to analyze vascular endothelial growth factor,insulin-like growth factor 2 and hepatocyte growth factor levels in ES-MSC condition medium in order to investigate the mechanisms that underlie their function.RESULTS The human ES-MSCs significantly restored hormone secretion,survival rate and reproductive function in POF mice,which was similar to the results obtained with BM-MSCs.Gene expression analysis and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated 2-deoxyuridine 5-triphosphate nick end labeling assay results indicated that the ES-MSCs and/or BM-MSCs reduced apoptosis in the follicles.Notably,the transplanted mice generated new offspring.The results of different analyses showed increases in antiapoptotic and trophic proteins and genes.CONCLUSION These results suggested that transplantation of human ES-MSCs were similar to BM-MSCs in that they could restore the structure of the injured ovarian tissue and its function in chemotherapy-induced damaged POF mice and rescue fertility.The possible mechanisms of human ES-MSC were related to promotion of follicular development,ovarian secretion,fertility via a paracrine effect and ovarian cell survival.
文摘BACKGROUND： Analgesic and wound-healing effects of cinnamon, a widely used spice, have been shown in laboratory rats. However, we found no human studies in this area. OBJECTIVE： The aim of this study was to assess the effect of cinnamon on perineal pain and healing of episiotomy incision. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS： In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 144 postpartum women were allocated into two groups, using stratified block randomization, 1 h after completion of episiotomy repair. They received cinnamon or placebo ointment, 2 mL every 12 h for 10 d. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Perineal pain and wound healing were assessed using visual analogue scale （0-10）and Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge, Approximation scale （0-15）, respectively. General linear model was used to compare the groups on the outcomes adjusted for baseline values and stratified factors. RESULTS： Follow-up rate was 100% up to the 8 h time point in both groups, and 86% （62 of 72） in the cinnamon group and 85% （61 of 72） in the placebo group at day 10-11 after delivery. Pain score in the cinnamon group was significantly lower than that in the placebo group at （4±1） h （adjusted difference： -0.6, 95% confidence interval： -1.0 to -0.2） and （8＋1） h （-0.9, -1.4 to -0.3） after intervention, and on the 10-11th day after delivery （-1.4, -2.0 to -0.7）. Also the cinnamon group showed significantly more improvement than the control group in healing score at （8±1） h （-0.2, -0.4 to -0.04） and the 10-11th day after delivery （-1.6, -2.0 to -1.1）. CONCLUSION： Cinnamon can be used for reducing perineal pain and improving healing of episiotomy incision.
基金Supported by the Funds from Medical Sciences/University of Tehran and Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education
文摘AIM： To investigate the expression of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor （CAR） and adenovirus-mediated reporter gene transfer in five human colon cancer cell lines.METHODS： Expression of CAR-specific mRNA and protein was analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. Adenovirusbased gene delivery was evaluated by infection of cells with adenoviral vector carrying the green fluorescent protein （GFP） gene.RESULTS： All the colon cancer cell lines examined （HT29, LS180, SW480, SW948 and SWlll6） expressed CAR full-length mRNA and an alternatively-spliced variant that lacks the transmembrane coding exon. All cell lines were detected as CAR-positive by Western blot analysis. Further, all cells we examined were efficiently infected with adenoviral vector-GFP.CONCLUSION： The data indicated that the five colon cancer cell lines tested expressed adenovirus primary receptor and could be efficiently infected by adenoviral vectors. Therefore, these cell lines will be useful for adenovirus-based gene transfer and research.
文摘AIM:To estimate the overall prevalence of diabetic retinopathy(DR)in Iran by a systematic review and Metaanalysis.METHODS:We conducted a search of all published literature on diabetic patients for the prevalence of DR using Web of Sciences,Pub Med,Scopus,Google Scholar,and national electronic databases SID,Magiran,and Iranmedex from their inception until September 2016 with standard keywords.Pooled estimates of the DR prevalence and the corresponding 95%confidence intervals(CI)were calculated using random effects models.RESULTS:Thirty-one studies involving 23729 patients with typeⅠandⅡdiabetes were included.The publication bias assumption for prevalence of DR was rejected by Begg and Egger tests(P=0.825,P=0.057,respectively).The results of Cochran test and I^2 statistics showed considerable heterogeneity for prevalence of DR(Q=1278.21,d.f.=30,P〈0.001 and I^2=97.7%).The prevalence of DR,non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR)and proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)in Iranian diabetic patients were 41.9%(95%CI:35.6-48.2),32.2%(95%CI:28.7-35.8),and 13.2%(95%CI:8.3-18.1),respectively.CONCLUSION:The prevalence of DR in Iran appears a little high.NPDR was more common.This study highlights the necessity for DR screening and management in diabetic patients in Iran.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31071027 and 30870926)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (No. 2008BAC39B05)the Fund from Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Drug and Bio-technology,Beijing Normal University,China
文摘It is generally agreed that adipocytes originate from mesenchymal stem cells in what can be divided into two processes:determination and differentiation.In the past decade,many factors associated with epigenetic signals have been proved to be pivotal for the appropriate timing of adipogenesis progression.A large number of coregulators at critical gene promoters set up specific patterns of DNA methylation,histone acetylation and methylation,and nucleosome rearrangement,that act as an epigenetic code to modulate the correct progress of adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis during adipogenesis.In this review,we focus on the functions and roles of epigenetic processes in preadipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis.
文摘AIM： To estimate overall prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity （ROP） in Iran using a systematic review and Meta-analysis. METHODS： A systematic review and Meta-analysis was performed of all published studies pertaining to prevalence of ROP using international and national electronic databases （ISI Web of Sciences, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, SlD, Maglran, and IranMedex） from their inception until May 2016 with standard keywords. Begg and Egger tests were used to examine the publication bias and Cochran test and f statistics were used to evaluate the statistical heterogeneity. Pooled estimate of the prevalence of ROP were calculated using random effects Meta- analysis. RESULTS： The publication bias assumption was rejected by Egger tests with P-value equal to 0.024. The results of Cochran test and 12 statistics revealed substantial heterogeneity （Q=1099.02, df=25, f=97.7%, P=-0.001）. The overall prevalence of ROP using the random effect model in Iran was 26.1% （95% Ch 20.3%-31.8%）. CONCLUSION： The prevalence of ROP is relatively high in Iran. Low birth weight and gestational age are significant risk factors for the disease. Improved care, including oxygen delivery and monitoring, for preterm babies in all facility settings would reduce the number of babies affected with ROP.
文摘Background: Perineal traumas particularly caused by following vaginal delivery are associated with short and long term morbidity for women. Therefore, interventions that increase the probability of intact perineum are necessary. The aim of study was to determine the effect of perineal massage with a sterile lubricant on the incidence of episiotomy and perinea laceration. Materials: This clinical trial study was performed on 145 nulliparous women who referred to Amol Emam Ali teaching center for normal delivery. They were randomly participating in interventional group (massage with lubricant) (45 cases) or control group (100 cases). In massage group when they progressed to full dilatation of the cervix, the midwife inserted two fingers inside vagina and using a sweeping motion gently stretched the perineum with lubricant 5 up to 10 minutes, in and between mother’s pushing in the second stage of labour. In control group just Ritgen Maneuver was applied. At last, we compared the rate of intact perineum, episiotomy and laceration, mean duration of the second stage of labor and Apgar score in 1 and 5 minutes between two groups. Statistical analyses were performed using t-test, Chi Square to determine potentially significant associations, and a p value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The incidences of intact perineum, episiotomy and laceration were 22.2% (10), 44.4% (20), 33.3% (15) respectively in interventional group. In control group, intact perineum, episiotomy and laceration were: 20.2% (20), 49.3% (71), 28.3% (28) respectively. This difference was not statis- tically significant. Rate of first-degree laceration was 33.3% (15) in massage group, while this percent was 28.3% (28) in control group. This difference was not statistically significant. In massage and control groups, second, third and fourth-degree lacerations did not occur. Conclusion: The results showed that massage with a sterile lubricant provides no apparent and significant advantage or disadvantage in reducing perineal trauma. Therefore, the use of massage as technique for perineal control is safe based on labour criteria and woman’s preference during delivery.
文摘Background: Infertility is a unique medical challenge that can have health behavioral consequence on infertile women including lack of self-esteem, depression, anxiety, fertility problem in infertile couples. The aim of this study was to evaluate correlation between self-efficacy and health behaviors scales in infertile women. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 89 infertile women with mild to moderate depression (Beck scores 10 - 47) who were recruited from Fatemeh Zahra Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center. All participants completed Self-efficacy Inventory (ISE) and other health behavioral scales (e.g., the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Cattle Anxiety Scale (CAS), Fertility Problem Infertility (FPI), and GHQ). Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman rho correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. Variables were included in the study if they had a p-value
文摘With the decline in male fertility in recent years,strategies for male fertility preservation have received increasing attention.In this study,by reviewing current treatments and recent publications,we describe research progress in and the future directions of stem cell-based therapies for male fertility preservation,focusing on the use of spermatogonial stem cells(SSCs),SSC niches,SSC-based testicular organoids,other stem cell types such as mesenchymal stem cells,and stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles.In conclusion,a more comprehensive understanding of the germ cell microenvironment,stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles,and testicular organoids will play an important role in achieving male fertility preservation.
