Since its discovery nearly thirty years ago, platelet-activating factor has emerged as one of the more important lipidmediators known. Platelet-activating factor (PAF; 1-O-alkyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholi...Since its discovery nearly thirty years ago, platelet-activating factor has emerged as one of the more important lipidmediators known. Platelet-activating factor (PAF; 1-O-alkyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine) exists en-dogenously as a mixture of molecular species with structural variants of the alkyl moiety. PAF is a novel potent signal-ing phospholipid that has unique pleiotropic biological properties in addition to platelet activation. PAF also plays a sig-nificant role in reproduction. PAF content in squirrel monkey sperm is significantly higher during the breeding seasonthan the non-breeding season. PAF content in human sperm has a positive correlation with seminal parameters and preg-nancy outcomes. High-fertility boars have significantly more PAF in their sperm than low-fertility boars. The enzymes(lyso-PAF-acetyltransferase and PAF-acetylhydrolase) necessary for PAF activation and deactivation are present insperm. PAF-acetylhydrolase may act as a 'decapacitation factor'. Removal of this enzyme during capacitation maypromote PAF synthesis increasing motility and fertilization. PAF also plays a significant role in the fertilization process,enhancing the fertilization rates of oocytes. Enhanced embryo development has also been reported in oocytes fertilizedwith PAF-treated sperm. PAF antagonists inhibit sperm motility, acrosome reaction, and fertilization, thus suggestingthe presence of receptors for PAF. The PAF-receptor is present on sperm, with altered transcript levels and distributionpatterns on abnormal cells. Whereas the exact mechanism of PAF in sperm function and reproduction is uncertain, itsimportance in normal fertility is substantial. The reproductive significance of PAF activity in sperm and fertility plus therole of PAF in the establishment of pregnancy requires further study.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the results of a novel protocol that allows to rescue IVF unfertilized oocytes by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).Design: Prospective clinical trial.Setting: Private reproductive medical...Objective: To evaluate the results of a novel protocol that allows to rescue IVF unfertilized oocytes by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).Design: Prospective clinical trial.Setting: Private reproductive medical center.Patient(s): Thirty patients undergoing IVF.Intervention(s): Controlled ovarian stimulation (COS), conventional IVF, rescue ICSI, embryo culture, and embryo transfer.Main Outcome Measure(s): Identification of unfertilized IVF oocytes 6 hours after insemination and fertilization, and developmental rates of those oocytes after rescue microinjection, as well implantation and pregnancy rates (PR).Result(s): All oocytes (392) from 30 patients were inseminated with standard IVF 3 hours after ovum pick- up.Polar body (PB) status was checked at decumulation and rechecked 3 hours later.Eighty- two oocytes were fertilized after IVF alone and 184 nonactivated oocytes (failed fertilization) were rescue microinjected and 166 of them fertilized (20 patients).Cleavage stage on day 2 was significantly more advanced and embryo grade was higher after standard IVF fertilization than after rescue ICSI.Eight of the 30 embryos transferred were implanted in the IVF- only patients (27% )- and 8 of 68 embryos in the rescue ICSI patients (12% ).Conclusion(s): Rescue ICSI of unfertilized IVF oocytes 6 hours after insemination (9 hours after egg retrieval) can provide normal fertilization, embryo development, and pregnancy; however, corresponding outcome parameters tend to be impaired in comparison to the standard IVF fertilization results.展开更多
This review described origination, biosynthesis and functions of platelet-activating factor （PAF） in the reproductive system of mammals and human beings. The article mainly focused on biological roles of the phospho...This review described origination, biosynthesis and functions of platelet-activating factor （PAF） in the reproductive system of mammals and human beings. The article mainly focused on biological roles of the phospholipid mediator in sperm fertilization and embryonic implantation. As an autocrine product of sperm and embryos, PAF markedly stimulates sperm motility and fertilization and serves as a capacitation factor in a ligand-receptor manner, After fertilization, embryo-derived PAF improves its own development, especially from fertilized ova to blastocyst stage and is thought to act as an embryo growth factor in the same manner as on sperm. Its mechanism of action was also clarified. At the end, it was presented some advances in its clinical application, followed by discussion of some issues possibly concerning in its current application.展开更多
Objective: To determine the relationship between platelet- activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAFah) content in semen and sperm motility. Design: The PAFah levels in semen were measured and correlated with sperm motil...Objective: To determine the relationship between platelet- activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAFah) content in semen and sperm motility. Design: The PAFah levels in semen were measured and correlated with sperm motility. Setting: Clinical laboratory in a private assistant reproductive technology clinic. Patient(s): Three hundred and twelve men seeking diagnosis and treatment of infertility. Intervention(s): Semen samples were collected from 312 healthy mature men seeking infertility treatment. Sperm motility and PAFah activity were measured in seminal plasma. Data was analyzed by Student’ s t test and regression analysis. Main Outcome Measure(s): PAFah activity and sperm motility. Result(s): Seminal PAFah content ranged from a low of 179 IU/L to a high of 2,457 IU/L. The overall mean PAFah content in semen was 780.59 IU/L. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant (R2 = 0.655) and negative relationship between PAFah content in semen and sperm motility. Semen specimens with high percent motility (≥ 50% ) had significantly lower PAFah concentrations (442.03 ± 14.37 IU/L) than those with the lower percent sperm motility ( < 50% ) (882.16 ± 18.45 IU/L). Conclusion(s): The data confirm the presence of PAFah in human semen and that activity is significantly and negatively correlated with sperm motility. The PAFah is proven to be a candidate for sperm decapacitation factors, whereas PAFah is qualified to be a candidate for sperm capacitation factors.展开更多
The objective of the present study was to compare a traditionally used bovine-derived hyaluronidase (Hyase) with the newly developed recombinant human-derived enzyme product (Cumulase) in intracytoplasmic sperm inject...The objective of the present study was to compare a traditionally used bovine-derived hyaluronidase (Hyase) with the newly developed recombinant human-derived enzyme product (Cumulase) in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedures using a sibling oocyte model in a prospective randomized design. The results of the study demonstrate that Cumulase is safe and effective in an ICSI treatment program and can provide comparable if not improved parameters, including fertilization and embryo developmental rates.展开更多
文摘Since its discovery nearly thirty years ago, platelet-activating factor has emerged as one of the more important lipidmediators known. Platelet-activating factor (PAF; 1-O-alkyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine) exists en-dogenously as a mixture of molecular species with structural variants of the alkyl moiety. PAF is a novel potent signal-ing phospholipid that has unique pleiotropic biological properties in addition to platelet activation. PAF also plays a sig-nificant role in reproduction. PAF content in squirrel monkey sperm is significantly higher during the breeding seasonthan the non-breeding season. PAF content in human sperm has a positive correlation with seminal parameters and preg-nancy outcomes. High-fertility boars have significantly more PAF in their sperm than low-fertility boars. The enzymes(lyso-PAF-acetyltransferase and PAF-acetylhydrolase) necessary for PAF activation and deactivation are present insperm. PAF-acetylhydrolase may act as a 'decapacitation factor'. Removal of this enzyme during capacitation maypromote PAF synthesis increasing motility and fertilization. PAF also plays a significant role in the fertilization process,enhancing the fertilization rates of oocytes. Enhanced embryo development has also been reported in oocytes fertilizedwith PAF-treated sperm. PAF antagonists inhibit sperm motility, acrosome reaction, and fertilization, thus suggestingthe presence of receptors for PAF. The PAF-receptor is present on sperm, with altered transcript levels and distributionpatterns on abnormal cells. Whereas the exact mechanism of PAF in sperm function and reproduction is uncertain, itsimportance in normal fertility is substantial. The reproductive significance of PAF activity in sperm and fertility plus therole of PAF in the establishment of pregnancy requires further study.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the results of a novel protocol that allows to rescue IVF unfertilized oocytes by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).Design: Prospective clinical trial.Setting: Private reproductive medical center.Patient(s): Thirty patients undergoing IVF.Intervention(s): Controlled ovarian stimulation (COS), conventional IVF, rescue ICSI, embryo culture, and embryo transfer.Main Outcome Measure(s): Identification of unfertilized IVF oocytes 6 hours after insemination and fertilization, and developmental rates of those oocytes after rescue microinjection, as well implantation and pregnancy rates (PR).Result(s): All oocytes (392) from 30 patients were inseminated with standard IVF 3 hours after ovum pick- up.Polar body (PB) status was checked at decumulation and rechecked 3 hours later.Eighty- two oocytes were fertilized after IVF alone and 184 nonactivated oocytes (failed fertilization) were rescue microinjected and 166 of them fertilized (20 patients).Cleavage stage on day 2 was significantly more advanced and embryo grade was higher after standard IVF fertilization than after rescue ICSI.Eight of the 30 embryos transferred were implanted in the IVF- only patients (27% )- and 8 of 68 embryos in the rescue ICSI patients (12% ).Conclusion(s): Rescue ICSI of unfertilized IVF oocytes 6 hours after insemination (9 hours after egg retrieval) can provide normal fertilization, embryo development, and pregnancy; however, corresponding outcome parameters tend to be impaired in comparison to the standard IVF fertilization results.
文摘This review described origination, biosynthesis and functions of platelet-activating factor （PAF） in the reproductive system of mammals and human beings. The article mainly focused on biological roles of the phospholipid mediator in sperm fertilization and embryonic implantation. As an autocrine product of sperm and embryos, PAF markedly stimulates sperm motility and fertilization and serves as a capacitation factor in a ligand-receptor manner, After fertilization, embryo-derived PAF improves its own development, especially from fertilized ova to blastocyst stage and is thought to act as an embryo growth factor in the same manner as on sperm. Its mechanism of action was also clarified. At the end, it was presented some advances in its clinical application, followed by discussion of some issues possibly concerning in its current application.
文摘Objective: To determine the relationship between platelet- activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAFah) content in semen and sperm motility. Design: The PAFah levels in semen were measured and correlated with sperm motility. Setting: Clinical laboratory in a private assistant reproductive technology clinic. Patient(s): Three hundred and twelve men seeking diagnosis and treatment of infertility. Intervention(s): Semen samples were collected from 312 healthy mature men seeking infertility treatment. Sperm motility and PAFah activity were measured in seminal plasma. Data was analyzed by Student’ s t test and regression analysis. Main Outcome Measure(s): PAFah activity and sperm motility. Result(s): Seminal PAFah content ranged from a low of 179 IU/L to a high of 2,457 IU/L. The overall mean PAFah content in semen was 780.59 IU/L. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant (R2 = 0.655) and negative relationship between PAFah content in semen and sperm motility. Semen specimens with high percent motility (≥ 50% ) had significantly lower PAFah concentrations (442.03 ± 14.37 IU/L) than those with the lower percent sperm motility ( < 50% ) (882.16 ± 18.45 IU/L). Conclusion(s): The data confirm the presence of PAFah in human semen and that activity is significantly and negatively correlated with sperm motility. The PAFah is proven to be a candidate for sperm decapacitation factors, whereas PAFah is qualified to be a candidate for sperm capacitation factors.
文摘The objective of the present study was to compare a traditionally used bovine-derived hyaluronidase (Hyase) with the newly developed recombinant human-derived enzyme product (Cumulase) in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedures using a sibling oocyte model in a prospective randomized design. The results of the study demonstrate that Cumulase is safe and effective in an ICSI treatment program and can provide comparable if not improved parameters, including fertilization and embryo developmental rates.
