Inspired by recent significant agricultural yield losses in the eastern China and a missing operational monitoring system,we developed a comprehensive drought monitoring model to better understand the impact of indivi...Inspired by recent significant agricultural yield losses in the eastern China and a missing operational monitoring system,we developed a comprehensive drought monitoring model to better understand the impact of individual key factors contributing to this issue.The resulting model,the‘Humidity calibrated Drought Condition Index’(HcDCI)was applied for the years 2001 to 2019 in form of a case study to Weihai County,Shandong Province in East China.Design and development are based on a linear combination of the Vegetation Condition Index(VCI),the Temperature Condition Index(TCI),and the Rainfall Condition Index(RCI)using multi-source satellite data to create a basic Drought Condition Index(DCI).VCI and TCI were derived from MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)data,while precipitation is taken from CHIRPS(Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data)data.For reasons of accuracy,the decisive coefficients were determined by the relative humidity of soils at depth of 10-20 cm of particular areas collected by an agrometeorological ground station.The correlation between DCI and soil humidity was optimized with the factors of 0.53,0.33,and 0.14 for VCI,TCI,and RCI,respectively.The model revealed,light agricultural droughts from 2003 to 2013 and in 2018,while more severe droughts occurred in 2001 and 2002,2014-2017,and 2019.The droughts were most severe in January,March,and December,and our findings coincide with historical records.The average temperature during 2012-2019 is 1℃ higher than that during the period 2001-2011 and the average precipitation during 2014-2019 is 192.77 mm less than that during 2008-2013.The spatio-temporal accuracy of the HcDCI model was positively validated by correlation with agricultural crop yield quantities.The model thus,demonstrates its capability to reveal drought periods in detail,its transferability to other regions and its usefulness to take future measures.展开更多
One major problem that humanity has been confronting recently is water quality. Just 2.5 percent of the water resources on Earth are freshwater resources. Water is an indispensable resource for all living things, and ...One major problem that humanity has been confronting recently is water quality. Just 2.5 percent of the water resources on Earth are freshwater resources. Water is an indispensable resource for all living things, and it is a vital value. Pollution of limited freshwater resources causes further pressure on freshwater resources. Humans play a major role in the waste and pollution of this essential natural resource. This research project focused on the impacts of water pollution and its effects on agriculture, land and aquatic systems, a case study which was conducted in River Njoro, in Nakuru County. With the aid of questioners for information acquisition, the study determined different pollutants and their impact on agriculture. Results indicated that there is a dire need for conservation efforts in the area. Humanity should receive education awareness-capacity building regarding water contamination in order to mitigate the issues to some extent. By doing so, the world we live in becomes a better place for all.展开更多
Climate change and human activities are increasingly linked with the extinction of species globally. In semi-arid regions, these pressures threaten the natural distribution and ecology of species. The threat that the ...Climate change and human activities are increasingly linked with the extinction of species globally. In semi-arid regions, these pressures threaten the natural distribution and ecology of species. The threat that the shea butter tree (<em>Vitellaria paradoxa</em> subsp. <em>nilotica</em>) faces from human activity is well researched yet the sensitivity of its distribution to climate change remains barely known. We set out to assess the potential distribution of <em>Vitellaria</em> under different climate change scenarios using a MaxEnt. A current distribution model was first developed using only biophysical variables of soil type, temperature, precipitation, land use type, and elevation. This model was then projected onto two global warming scenarios (RCP 4.5 & RCP 8.5) for 2050 and 2070 using multi-model averages (BCC-CSM, CSM4, and MIROC5) derived from three general circulation models. Reductions are seen in distribution area across the landscape with soil type being the most important variable. These results draw useful implications for conservation of <em>Vitellaria</em> in that they show how it is vulnerable is to a changing climate as its natural range is mostly reduced. Since climate change is important in the distribution of the shea butter tree, the areas with highest suitability in this study can be used in establishing the Shea butter tree sustainable use zones/area within the Kidepo Critical Landscape (KCL), Uganda.展开更多
When defining indicators on the environment,the use of existing initiatives should be a priority rather than redefining indicators each time.From an Information,Communication and Technology perspective,data interopera...When defining indicators on the environment,the use of existing initiatives should be a priority rather than redefining indicators each time.From an Information,Communication and Technology perspective,data interoperability and standardization are critical to improve data access and exchange as promoted by the Group on Earth Observations.GEOEssential is following an end-user driven approach by defining Essential Variables(EVs),as an intermediate value between environmental policy indicators and their appropriate data sources.From international to local scales,environmental policies and indicators are increasingly percolating down from the global to the local agendas.The scientific business processes for the generation of EVs and related indicators can be formalized in workflows specifying the necessary logical steps.To this aim,GEOEssential is developing a Virtual Laboratory the main objective of which is to instantiate conceptual workflows,which are stored in a dedicated knowledge base,generating executable workflows.To interpret and present the relevant outputs/results carried out by the different thematic workflows considered in GEOEssential(i.e.biodiversity,ecosystems,extractives,night light,and food-water-energy nexus),a Dashboard is built as a visual front-end.This is a valuable instrument to track progresses towards environmental policies.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.KQTD20180410161218820)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2021A1515012600)。
文摘Inspired by recent significant agricultural yield losses in the eastern China and a missing operational monitoring system,we developed a comprehensive drought monitoring model to better understand the impact of individual key factors contributing to this issue.The resulting model,the‘Humidity calibrated Drought Condition Index’(HcDCI)was applied for the years 2001 to 2019 in form of a case study to Weihai County,Shandong Province in East China.Design and development are based on a linear combination of the Vegetation Condition Index(VCI),the Temperature Condition Index(TCI),and the Rainfall Condition Index(RCI)using multi-source satellite data to create a basic Drought Condition Index(DCI).VCI and TCI were derived from MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)data,while precipitation is taken from CHIRPS(Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data)data.For reasons of accuracy,the decisive coefficients were determined by the relative humidity of soils at depth of 10-20 cm of particular areas collected by an agrometeorological ground station.The correlation between DCI and soil humidity was optimized with the factors of 0.53,0.33,and 0.14 for VCI,TCI,and RCI,respectively.The model revealed,light agricultural droughts from 2003 to 2013 and in 2018,while more severe droughts occurred in 2001 and 2002,2014-2017,and 2019.The droughts were most severe in January,March,and December,and our findings coincide with historical records.The average temperature during 2012-2019 is 1℃ higher than that during the period 2001-2011 and the average precipitation during 2014-2019 is 192.77 mm less than that during 2008-2013.The spatio-temporal accuracy of the HcDCI model was positively validated by correlation with agricultural crop yield quantities.The model thus,demonstrates its capability to reveal drought periods in detail,its transferability to other regions and its usefulness to take future measures.
文摘One major problem that humanity has been confronting recently is water quality. Just 2.5 percent of the water resources on Earth are freshwater resources. Water is an indispensable resource for all living things, and it is a vital value. Pollution of limited freshwater resources causes further pressure on freshwater resources. Humans play a major role in the waste and pollution of this essential natural resource. This research project focused on the impacts of water pollution and its effects on agriculture, land and aquatic systems, a case study which was conducted in River Njoro, in Nakuru County. With the aid of questioners for information acquisition, the study determined different pollutants and their impact on agriculture. Results indicated that there is a dire need for conservation efforts in the area. Humanity should receive education awareness-capacity building regarding water contamination in order to mitigate the issues to some extent. By doing so, the world we live in becomes a better place for all.
文摘Climate change and human activities are increasingly linked with the extinction of species globally. In semi-arid regions, these pressures threaten the natural distribution and ecology of species. The threat that the shea butter tree (<em>Vitellaria paradoxa</em> subsp. <em>nilotica</em>) faces from human activity is well researched yet the sensitivity of its distribution to climate change remains barely known. We set out to assess the potential distribution of <em>Vitellaria</em> under different climate change scenarios using a MaxEnt. A current distribution model was first developed using only biophysical variables of soil type, temperature, precipitation, land use type, and elevation. This model was then projected onto two global warming scenarios (RCP 4.5 & RCP 8.5) for 2050 and 2070 using multi-model averages (BCC-CSM, CSM4, and MIROC5) derived from three general circulation models. Reductions are seen in distribution area across the landscape with soil type being the most important variable. These results draw useful implications for conservation of <em>Vitellaria</em> in that they show how it is vulnerable is to a changing climate as its natural range is mostly reduced. Since climate change is important in the distribution of the shea butter tree, the areas with highest suitability in this study can be used in establishing the Shea butter tree sustainable use zones/area within the Kidepo Critical Landscape (KCL), Uganda.
基金This work was supported by European Commission[grant number H2020 ERA-PLANET project No.689443].
文摘When defining indicators on the environment,the use of existing initiatives should be a priority rather than redefining indicators each time.From an Information,Communication and Technology perspective,data interoperability and standardization are critical to improve data access and exchange as promoted by the Group on Earth Observations.GEOEssential is following an end-user driven approach by defining Essential Variables(EVs),as an intermediate value between environmental policy indicators and their appropriate data sources.From international to local scales,environmental policies and indicators are increasingly percolating down from the global to the local agendas.The scientific business processes for the generation of EVs and related indicators can be formalized in workflows specifying the necessary logical steps.To this aim,GEOEssential is developing a Virtual Laboratory the main objective of which is to instantiate conceptual workflows,which are stored in a dedicated knowledge base,generating executable workflows.To interpret and present the relevant outputs/results carried out by the different thematic workflows considered in GEOEssential(i.e.biodiversity,ecosystems,extractives,night light,and food-water-energy nexus),a Dashboard is built as a visual front-end.This is a valuable instrument to track progresses towards environmental policies.
