Interdisciplinarity is strongly promoted by institutions and is the subject of abundant scientific publications on its history,definition,and typologies,as well as on its obstacles and challenges.This article aims to ...Interdisciplinarity is strongly promoted by institutions and is the subject of abundant scientific publications on its history,definition,and typologies,as well as on its obstacles and challenges.This article aims to provide insight into the development of an interdisciplinary research question.We will present the path that led from an administrative management question to a doctorate in philosophy of medicine on supportive care,thanks to a rich collaboration between a wide range of academic,hospital,and association players.An analysis of the literature will show how the long history of science underpins disciplinary issues in the development of a research question.The method will make visible the long dialogue between the partners in this project.The results will show how the research question evolved throughout the project.Finally,the discussion will propose three concepts to put interdisciplinarity into perspective:collaboration,attention,and tranquility.展开更多
This paper summarizes the work held at the Cancéropôle Ile-de-France's annual SHS research seminar on the theme:Pluridisciplinarity and methods for SHS research in thefield of cancer.After clarifying the...This paper summarizes the work held at the Cancéropôle Ile-de-France's annual SHS research seminar on the theme:Pluridisciplinarity and methods for SHS research in thefield of cancer.After clarifying the concepts of pluri-,inter-,and transdisciplinarité,it aimed to describe how this type of research is carried out in practice,addressing successively:the role of stakeholders and their respective positions,the need for a shared language,the various temporalities involved and task sharing,the interview and analysis methods as well as the implication of patient-researchers.It highlighted the personal qualities required to practice this type of research,such as psychologicalflexibility and adaptability,a strong desire for collaborative work,acceptance of risk,and a humble stance.展开更多
Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)is a life-threatening condition that is characterized by high mortality rates and limited therapeutic options.Notably,Zhang et al demonstrated that CD146+mesenchymal stromal ce...Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)is a life-threatening condition that is characterized by high mortality rates and limited therapeutic options.Notably,Zhang et al demonstrated that CD146+mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)exhibited greater therapeutic efficacy than CD146-MSCs.These cells enhance epithelial repair through nuclear factor kappa B/cyclooxygenase-2-associated paracrine signaling and secretion of pro-angiogenic factors.We concur that MSCs hold significant promise for ARDS treatment;however,the heterogeneity of cell products is a translational barrier.Phenotype-aware strategies,such as CD146 enrichment,standardized potency assays,and extracellular vesicle profiling,are essential for improving the consistency of these studies.Further-more,advanced preclinical models,such as lung-on-a-chip systems,may provide more predictive insights into the therapeutic mechanisms.This article underscores the importance of CD146+MSCs in ARDS,emphasizes the need for precision in defining cell products,and discusses how integrating subset selection into translational pipelines could enhance the clinical impact of MSC-based therapies.展开更多
Joining dissimilar materials encounters significant engineering challenges due to the contrast in material properties that makes conventional welding not feasible.Magnetic Pulse Welding(MPW)offers a solidstate joining...Joining dissimilar materials encounters significant engineering challenges due to the contrast in material properties that makes conventional welding not feasible.Magnetic Pulse Welding(MPW)offers a solidstate joining technique that overcomes these issues by using impact to create strong bonds without melting the substrate materials.This study investigates the weldability of aluminum alloy Al-5754 with Al-7075 and MARS 380 steel,used in armouring solutions of defense systems,by the use of MPW.In this work,weldability windows are investigated by varying standoff distances between the coating material and its substrate(0.25-4.5 mm)and discharge energies(5-13 kJ)with both O-shape and U-shape inductors.Mechanical strength of the welded joints were assessed through single lap shear tests,identifying optimal welding parameters.Then,the velocity profiles of the flyer plates were measured using heterodyne velocimetry to understand the dynamics of the impact.Then,substructures assembled with the optimal welding conditions were subjected to ballistic testing using 7.62 mm×51 mm NATO and 9 mm×19 mm Parabellum munitions to evaluate the resilience of the welds under ballistic impact.The outcomes demonstrate that MPW effectively joins Al-5754 with both Al-7075 and MARS 380,producing robust welds capable of withstanding ballistic impacts under certain conditions.This research advances the application of MPW in lightweight ballistic protection of defense systems,contributing to the development of more resilient and lighter protective structures.展开更多
Spinal cord injury(SCI)interrupts the flow of information between the brain and the spinal cord,thus leading to a loss of sensory information and motor paralysis of the body below the lesion.Surprisingly,most SCIs are...Spinal cord injury(SCI)interrupts the flow of information between the brain and the spinal cord,thus leading to a loss of sensory information and motor paralysis of the body below the lesion.Surprisingly,most SCIs are incomplete and spare supraspinal pathways,especially those located within the peripheral white matter of the spinal cord,which includes reticulospinal pathways originating from the medullary reticular formation.Whereas there is abundant literature about the motor cortex,its corticospinal pathway,and its capacity to modulate functional recovery after SCI,less is known about the medullary reticular formation and its reticulospinal pathway.展开更多
Background:We present a case of two major complications following insertion of a nephrostomy managed in a minimally invasive way.Our case is the first in the literature to describe this minimally invasive treatment te...Background:We present a case of two major complications following insertion of a nephrostomy managed in a minimally invasive way.Our case is the first in the literature to describe this minimally invasive treatment technique for colon perforation in a completely asymptomatic patient.Case Description:A 75-year-old female patient with a history of bilateral obstructive uropathy secondary to bilateral radiation-induced ureteric strictures attended for bilateral nephrostomy placement.The patient had a history of endometrial cancer,treated previously by total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy and brachytherapy.Her recovery had been further complicated by the development of radiation cystitis,small bowel resection,and short gut syndrome.The strictures had previously been managed with bilateral double J stents,which have now failed.A left-sided nephrostomy insertion was performed.ACT-scan prompted by a repeat deterioration in renal function revealed a right-sided hydronephrosis and suggested transcolic passage of the previously placed leftsided nephrostomy.She had remained clinically well and apyretic.A right-sided nephrostomy was inserted,and the left re-sited following a colonoscopy-guided nephrostomy removal and clip occlusion of the nephrostomy tract.The patient then developed a pseudoaneurysm,which was managed with embolization.The patient was able to return home with corrected kidney function.The three-monthly checks for changes in nephrostomy catheters did not reveal any complications.Conclusions:The patient therefore presented with two major complications of nephrostomy placement:colonic perforation and pseudoaneurysm,classified as Clavien IIIb and IIIa,respectively.Multidisciplinary management,including urologists,gastroenterologists,general surgeons,and radiologists,enabled a minimally invasive management.Minimally invasive management with endoscopic clip placement appears to be a safe alternative to directed fistula of colonic perforation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Data comparing the outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)ablation by multibipolar radiofrequency ablation(mbp-RFA)and microwave ablation(MWA)are lacking.This study compares safety and efficacy of the two...BACKGROUND Data comparing the outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)ablation by multibipolar radiofrequency ablation(mbp-RFA)and microwave ablation(MWA)are lacking.This study compares safety and efficacy of the two techniques in treatment-naive HCC.AIM To compare the risk of local tumor progression(LTP)according to the technique;secondary endpoints included technique efficacy rate at one-month,overall survival and major complication rate.METHODS A bi-institutional retrospective analysis of patients undergoing treatment-naive HCC ablation by either technique was performed.Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to compare the two groups.Mixed effects multivariate Cox regression was applied to identify risk factors for LTP.RESULTS A total of 362 patients(mean age,66.1±6.2 years,308 men)were included,of which 242(323 tumors)treated by mbp-RFA and 120(168 tumors)by MWA.After a median follow-up of 27 months,cumulative LTP was 11.4%after mbp-RFA and 25.2%after MWA.Independent risk factors for LTP at multivariate analysis were MWA(hazard ratio=2.85,P<0.001)and tumor size(hazard ratio=1.08,P<0.001).Two-year LTP-free survival was higher after mbp-RFA than MWA regardless of size(<3 cm:96%vs 87.1%,P<0.01;≥3 cm:87.5%vs 74%,P=0.04).Technique efficacy rate was higher after mbp-RFA(94.1%vs 87.5%,P=0.01).No difference was observed in major complication rate(9.5%vs 7.5%,P=0.59),nor 5-year overall survival(63.6%vs 58.3%,P=0.33).CONCLUSION Mbp-RFA leads to better local tumor control of treatment-naïve HCC than MWA regardless of tumor size and has better primary efficacy,while maintaining a comparable safety profile.展开更多
A novel siphon-based divide-and-conquer(SbDaC)policy is presented in this paper for the synthesis of Petri net(PN)based liveness-enforcing supervisors(LES)for flexible manufacturing systems(FMS)prone to deadlocks or l...A novel siphon-based divide-and-conquer(SbDaC)policy is presented in this paper for the synthesis of Petri net(PN)based liveness-enforcing supervisors(LES)for flexible manufacturing systems(FMS)prone to deadlocks or livelocks.The proposed method takes an uncontrolled and bounded PN model(UPNM)of the FMS.Firstly,the reduced PNM(RPNM)is obtained from the UPNM by using PN reduction rules to reduce the computation burden.Then,the set of strict minimal siphons(SMSs)of the RPNM is computed.Next,the complementary set of SMSs is computed from the set of SMSs.By the union of these two sets,the superset of SMSs is computed.Finally,the set of subnets of the RPNM is obtained by applying the PN reduction rules to the superset of SMSs.All these subnets suffer from deadlocks.These subnets are then ordered from the smallest one to the largest one based on a criterion.To enforce liveness on these subnets,a set of control places(CPs)is computed starting from the smallest subnet to the largest one.Once all subnets are live,this process provides the LES,consisting of a set of CPs to be used for the UPNM.The live controlled PN model(CPNM)is constructed by merging the LES with the UPNM.The SbDaC policy is applicable to all classes of PNs related to FMS prone to deadlocks or livelocks.Several FMS examples are considered from the literature to highlight the applicability of the SbDaC policy.In particular,three examples are utilized to emphasize the importance,applicability and effectiveness of the SbDaC policy to realistic FMS with very large state spaces.展开更多
The Rukwa Rift section of the East Africa Rift System presents a type setting for radiogenic helium accumulation in a petroleum free basin.As a prerequisite for accumulation,a considerable high heat flow anomaly is re...The Rukwa Rift section of the East Africa Rift System presents a type setting for radiogenic helium accumulation in a petroleum free basin.As a prerequisite for accumulation,a considerable high heat flow anomaly is required from tectonothermal events to drive the release and circulation of radiogenic helium in the continental crust.Here we apply statistical analysis on geochemical data observed in thermal springs and recorded heat flow to account for crustal helium mass balance for each tectonothermal event in the region.Our results demonstrate anomalously high heat flow~64-99 mW/m^(2) with a consistent trend of helium isotopic ratio and fluid chemistry in the Rukwa Rift.Mass balance calculation show that the whole crustal volume underlying the East Africa Helium Pool(EAHP)has a capability of producing radiogenic helium of about 9.9×10^(6) mol/yr(22×10^(-6) mol 4He/m^(2) yr)while the total radiogenic helium flux ranges between~2.39×10^(6) mol/yr and~2.68×10^(9) mol/yr.The Tanzania Craton contributes largely to radiogenic helium releasing up to 50% of the total capacity in the region.The total ^(4)He emission in the Rukwa Rift Basin is about 4.45×10^(5)-5.01×10^(8) mol/yr which is thus equivalent to 19%-21% of the total production capacity in the region.These results imply that the helium accumulation in the EAHP would have started as early as Paleoproterozoic(2.349 Ga).These results provide a qualitative and quantitative insight to assess both helium and geothermal potentiality in the region.展开更多
Background Regular physical training induces adaptive effects across multiple organ systems,highlighting the existence of inter-organ communication networks.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying both exercise-in...Background Regular physical training induces adaptive effects across multiple organ systems,highlighting the existence of inter-organ communication networks.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying both exercise-induced adaptations and organ-to-organ signaling are not fully characterized.Circulating extracellular vesicles(EVs),including exosomes,carry molecules like microRNAs(miRNAs)that may mediate tissue crosstalk.This study aimed to identify specific exercise training-responsive miRNAs that affect skeletal muscle function.Methods miRNA expression profiles of serum-derived EVs were analyzed in healthy young individuals before and after 3 weeks endurance exercise training.Exercise training-responsive miRNAs were then validated for a functional role in cellular metabolic processes in human myotubes.Results We identified several exercise training-responsive miRNAs within exosome-rich EVs in serum,including miR-136-3p.In human myotubes,miR-136-3p enhanced glucose uptake and targeted the nardilysin convertase(NRDC)gene.Transfection of miR-136-3p or silencing of NRDC induced a shift towards glycolytic metabolism in mitochondria and modulated gene expressions related to myogenesis.Pancreatic islets were identified as a potential source of miR-136-3p based on in silico analysis of gene expression and a molecular analysis of conditioned media from isolated pancreatic islets.Conclusion MiR-136-3p is an endurance training-responsive molecular transducer that modulates glucose metabolism and cellular proliferation in myocytes.Associated with EVs,extracellular miR-136-3p may serve as a molecular messenger to communicate islet–skeletal muscle crosstalk after exercise.Extracellular miR-136-3p may serve as a molecular messenger to communicate islet–skeletal muscle crosstalk.Our results highlight a miRNA-mediated mechanism that participates in inter-organ communication to fine tune the metabolic adaptations to exercise.展开更多
In recent years,there has been an increasing need for climate information across diverse sectors of society.This demand has arisen from the necessity to adapt to and mitigate the impacts of climate variability and cha...In recent years,there has been an increasing need for climate information across diverse sectors of society.This demand has arisen from the necessity to adapt to and mitigate the impacts of climate variability and change.Likewise,this period has seen a significant increase in our understanding of the physical processes and mechanisms that drive precipitation and its variability across different regions of Africa.By leveraging a large volume of climate model outputs,numerous studies have investigated the model representation of African precipitation as well as underlying physical processes.These studies have assessed whether the physical processes are well depicted and whether the models are fit for informing mitigation and adaptation strategies.This paper provides a review of the progress in precipitation simulation overAfrica in state-of-the-science climate models and discusses the major issues and challenges that remain.展开更多
The sleep-wake cycle stands as an integrative process essential for sustaining optimal brain function and,either directly or indirectly,overall body health,encompassing metabolic and cardiovascular well-being.Given th...The sleep-wake cycle stands as an integrative process essential for sustaining optimal brain function and,either directly or indirectly,overall body health,encompassing metabolic and cardiovascular well-being.Given the heightened metabolic activity of the brain,there exists a considerable demand for nutrients in comparison to other organs.Among these,the branched-chain amino acids,comprising leucine,isoleucine,and valine,display distinctive significance,from their contribution to protein structure to their involvement in overall metabolism,especially in cerebral processes.Among the first amino acids that are released into circulation post-food intake,branched-chain amino acids assume a pivotal role in the regulation of protein synthesis,modulating insulin secretion and the amino acid sensing pathway of target of rapamycin.Branched-chain amino acids are key players in influencing the brain's uptake of monoamine precursors,competing for a shared transporter.Beyond their involvement in protein synthesis,these amino acids contribute to the metabolic cycles ofγ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate,as well as energy metabolism.Notably,they impact GABAergic neurons and the excitation/inhibition balance.The rhythmicity of branchedchain amino acids in plasma concentrations,observed over a 24-hour cycle and conserved in rodent models,is under circadian clock control.The mechanisms underlying those rhythms and the physiological consequences of their disruption are not fully understood.Disturbed sleep,obesity,diabetes,and cardiovascular diseases can elevate branched-chain amino acid concentrations or modify their oscillatory dynamics.The mechanisms driving these effects are currently the focal point of ongoing research efforts,since normalizing branched-chain amino acid levels has the ability to alleviate the severity of these pathologies.In this context,the Drosophila model,though underutilized,holds promise in shedding new light on these mechanisms.Initial findings indicate its potential to introduce novel concepts,particularly in elucidating the intricate connections between the circadian clock,sleep/wake,and metabolism.Consequently,the use and transport of branched-chain amino acids emerge as critical components and orchestrators in the web of interactions across multiple organs throughout the sleep/wake cycle.They could represent one of the so far elusive mechanisms connecting sleep patterns to metabolic and cardiovascular health,paving the way for potential therapeutic interventions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common subtype of primary liver cancer with varied incidence and epidemiology worldwide.Sorafenib is still a recommended treatment for a large proportion of patients...BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common subtype of primary liver cancer with varied incidence and epidemiology worldwide.Sorafenib is still a recommended treatment for a large proportion of patients with advanced HCC.Different patterns of treatment responsiveness have been identified in differentiated hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells and metastatic HCC SNU449 cells.AIM To define the long non-codingRNA-microRNA-mRNA(lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA)predicted signatures related to selected hallmarks of cancer(apoptosis,autophagy,cell stress,cell dedifferentiation and invasiveness)in RNAseq studies using Sorafenib-treated HepG2 and SNU449 cells.Various available software analyses allowed us to establish the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory axes following treatment in HepG2 and SNU449 cells.METHODS HepG2 and SNU449 cells were treated with Sorafenib(10μmol/L)for 24 hours.Total RNA,including small and long RNA,was extracted with a commercial miRNeasy kit.RNAseq was carried out for the identification of changes in lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory axes.RESULTS MALAT,THAP9-AS1 and SNGH17 appeared to coordinately regulate miR-374b-3p and miR-769-5p that led to upregulation of SMAD7,TIRARP,TFAP4 and FAXDC2 in HepG2 cells.SNHG12,EPB41 L4A-AS1,LINC01578,SNHG12 and GAS5 interacted with let-7b-3p,miR-195-5p and VEGFA in SNU449 cells.The axes MALAT1/hsamir-374b-3p/SMAD7 and MALAT1/hsa-mir-769-5p/TFAP4 were of high relevance for Sorafenib response in HepG2 cells,whereas PVT1/hsa-miR-195-5p/VEGFA was responsible for the differential response of SNU449 cells to Sorafenib treatment.CONCLUSION Critical lncRNAs acting as sponges of miRNA were identified that regulated mRNA expression,whose proteins mainly increased the antitumor effectiveness of the treatment(SMAD7,TIRARP,TFAP4,FAXDC2 and ADRB2).However,the broad regulatory axis leading to increased VEGFA expression may be related to the side effect of Sorafenib in SNU449 cells.展开更多
There is a need to develop interventions to slow or reverse the degeneration of dopamine neurons in Parkinson’s disease after diagnosis.Given that preclinical and clinical studies suggest benefits of dietary n-3 poly...There is a need to develop interventions to slow or reverse the degeneration of dopamine neurons in Parkinson’s disease after diagnosis.Given that preclinical and clinical studies suggest benefits of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids,such as docosahexaenoic acid,and exercise in Parkinson’s disease,we investigated whether both could synergistically interact to induce recovery of the dopaminergic pathway.First,mice received a unilateral stereotactic injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the striatum to establish an animal model of nigrostriatal denervation.Four weeks after lesion,animals were fed a docosahexaenoic acid-enriched or a control diet for the next 8 weeks.During this period,the animals had access to a running wheel,which they could use or not.Docosahexaenoic acid treatment,voluntary exercise,or the combination of both had no effect on(i)distance traveled in the open field test,(ii)the percentage of contraversive rotations in the apomorphine-induction test or(iii)the number of tyrosine-hydroxylase-positive cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta.However,the docosahexaenoic acid diet increased the number of tyrosine-hydroxylase-positive terminals and induced a rise in dopamine concentrations in the lesioned striatum.Compared to docosahexaenoic acid treatment or exercise alone,the combination of docosahexaenoic acid and exercise(i)improved forelimb balance in the stepping test,(ii)decreased the striatal DOPAC/dopamine ratio and(iii)led to increased dopamine transporter levels in the lesioned striatum.The present results suggest that the combination of exercise and docosahexaenoic acid may act synergistically in the striatum of mice with a unilateral lesion of the dopaminergic system and provide support for clinical trials combining nutrition and physical exercise in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
This review is composed of three main parts each of which is written by well-known top specialists that have been,in a way or other,also the main participants of the majority of the developments reported.Thus,after a ...This review is composed of three main parts each of which is written by well-known top specialists that have been,in a way or other,also the main participants of the majority of the developments reported.Thus,after a general part covering the grand lines and more in-depth views of more recent tannin,lignin,carbohydrate and soy bioadhesives,somemix of the other bio raw materials with soy protein and soy flour and some other differently sourced bioadhesives for wood,this review presents a more in-depth part on starch-based wood adhesives and a more indepth part covering plant protein-based adhesives.It must be kept in mind that the review is focused on completely or almost completely biosourced adhesives,the fashionable adhesives derived from mixes of biosourced materials with synthetic resins having been intentionally excluded.This choice was made as the latter constitute only an intermediate interval,possibly temporary if even for a somewhat long times,towards a final full bioeconomy of scale in this field.This review also focuses on more recent results,mainly obtained in the last 10–20 years,thus on adhesive formulations really innovative and sometimes even non-traditional.In all these fields there is still a lot of possibility of innovation for relevant formulation as this field is still in rapid growth.展开更多
Background:Most mutations in the COL6A3 gene lead to collagen VI-related myopathies.This is due to a reduced expression or mislocalization of the COL6A3 protein.Therefore,studying the consequence of knocking out the C...Background:Most mutations in the COL6A3 gene lead to collagen VI-related myopathies.This is due to a reduced expression or mislocalization of the COL6A3 protein.Therefore,studying the consequence of knocking out the Col6a3 gene in mouse models is relevant,but the Col6a3 mouse models reported so far do not entirely abolish COL6A3 protein expression.Methods:Here,we present the development,validation and preliminary phenotypic characterization of a novel CRISPR-based knockout mouse model targeting Col6a3 exon 3(Col6a3^(d3/d3)).Results:In this mouse model,Col6a3 mRNA is still expressed at a similar level to wild-type littermates,although the expected protein is undetectable by mass spectrometry.Histological analysis of Col6a3^(d3/d3)quadriceps revealed an abnormally high frequency of muscle cells with internally nucleated muscle cells,consistent with a myopathy phenotype.Interestingly,Col6a3^(d3/d3)mice are smaller in size,with their fat,muscle,and bone kept proportional compared to wild-type littermates.Conclusions:In summary,we performed the validation and preliminary phenotypic characterization of a novel Col6a3 knockout mouse model that could be further characterized and used to study COL6A3 biology and model collagen VI-associated diseases.展开更多
Every day walking consists of frequent voluntary modifications in the gait pattern to negotiate obstacles.After spinal cord injury,stepping over an obstacle becomes challenging.Stepping over an obstacle requires senso...Every day walking consists of frequent voluntary modifications in the gait pattern to negotiate obstacles.After spinal cord injury,stepping over an obstacle becomes challenging.Stepping over an obstacle requires sensorimotor transformations in several structures of the brain,including the parietal cortex,premotor cortex,and motor cortex.Sensory information and planning are transformed into motor commands,which are sent from the motor cortex to spinal neuronal circuits to alter limb trajectory,coordinate the limbs,and maintain balance.After spinal cord injury,bidirectional communication between the brain and spinal cord is disrupted and animals,including humans,fail to voluntarily modify limb trajectory to step over an obstacle.Therefore,in this review,we discuss the neuromechanical control of stepping over an obstacle,why it fails after spinal cord injury,and how it recovers to a certain extent.展开更多
This research aims to study the bio-adsorption process of two dyes,Cibacron Green H3G(CG-H3G)and Terasil Red(TR),in a single system and to bring them closer to the industrial textile discharge by a binary mixture of t...This research aims to study the bio-adsorption process of two dyes,Cibacron Green H3G(CG-H3G)and Terasil Red(TR),in a single system and to bring them closer to the industrial textile discharge by a binary mixture of two dyes(TR+CG-H3G).The Cockle Shell(CS)was used as a natural bio-adsorbent.The characterizations of CS were investigated by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX)and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET).The adsorption potential of Cockle Shells was tested in two cases(single and binary system)and determined by:contact time(0–60 min),bio-adsorption dose(3–15 g/L),initial concentration(10–300 mg/L),temperature(22–61°C)and pH solution(2–12).The study of bio-adsorption(equilibrium and kinetics)was conducted at 22°C.The kinetic studies demon-strated that a pseudo-second-order adsorption mechanism had a good correlation coefficient(R2≥0.999).The Langmuir isotherm modeling provided a well-defined description of TR and CG-H3G bio-adsorption on cockle shells,exhibiting maximum capacities of 29.41 and 3.69 mg/g respectively at 22°C.The thermodynamic study shows that the reaction between the TR,CG-H3G dyes molecules and the bio-adsorbent is exothermic,spontaneous in the range of 22–31°C with the aleatory character decrease at the solid-liquid interface.The study of selectivity in single and binary systems has been performed under optimal operating conditions using the industrial textile rejection pH(pH=6.04).CG-H3G dye is found to have a higher selectivity than TR in single(0–60 min)and binary systems with a range of 6–45 min,as shown by the selectivity measurement.It was discovered that CS has the capability to remove both CG-H3G and TR dyes in both simple and binary systems,making it a superior bio-adsorbent.展开更多
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is strongly associated with an increased risk of thrombotic events,including severe outcomes such as pulmonary embolism.Elevated D-dimer levels are a critical biomarker for...BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is strongly associated with an increased risk of thrombotic events,including severe outcomes such as pulmonary embolism.Elevated D-dimer levels are a critical biomarker for assessing this risk.In Gabon,early implementation of anticoagulation therapy and D-dimer testing has been crucial in managing COVID-19.This study hypothesizes that elevated Ddimer levels are linked to increased COVID-19 severity.AIM To determine the impact of D-dimer levels on COVID-19 severity and their role in guiding clinical decisions.METHODS This retrospective study analyzed COVID-19 patients admitted to two hospitals in Gabon between March 2020 and December 2023.The study included patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnoses and available D-dimer measurements at admission.Data on demographics,clinical outcomes,D-dimer levels,and healthcare costs were collected.COVID-19 severity was classified as non-severe(outpatients)or severe(inpatients).A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between D-dimer levels and disease severity,with adjusted odds ratios(OR)and 95%CI.RESULTS A total of 3004 patients were included,with a mean age of 50.17 years,and the majority were female(53.43%).Elevated D-dimer levels were found in 65.81%of patients,and 57.21%of these experienced severe COVID-19.Univariate analysis showed that patients with elevated D-dimer levels had 3.33 times higher odds of severe COVID-19(OR=3.33,95%CI:2.84-3.92,P<0.001),and this association remained significant in the multivariable analysis,adjusted for age,sex,and year of collection.The financial analysis revealed a substantial burden,particularly for uninsured patients.CONCLUSION D-dimer predicts COVID-19 severity and guides treatment,but the high cost of anticoagulant therapy highlights the need for policies ensuring affordable access in resource-limited settings like Gabon.展开更多
In 1993,the World Bank released a global report on the efficacy of health promotion,introducing the disability-adjusted life years(DALY)as a novel indicator.The DALY,a composite metric incorporating temporal and quali...In 1993,the World Bank released a global report on the efficacy of health promotion,introducing the disability-adjusted life years(DALY)as a novel indicator.The DALY,a composite metric incorporating temporal and qualitative data,is grounded in preferences regarding disability status.This review delineates the algorithm used to calculate the value of the proposed DALY synthetic indicator and elucidates key methodological challenges associated with its application.In contrast to the quality-adjusted life years approach,derived from multi-attribute utility theory,the DALY stands as an independent synthetic indicator that adopts the assumptions of the Time Trade Off utility technique to define Disability Weights.Claiming to rely on no mathematical or economic theory,DALY users appear to have exempted themselves from verifying whether this indicator meets the classical properties required of all indicators,notably content validity,reliability,specificity,and sensitivity.The DALY concept emerged primarily to facilitate comparisons of the health impacts of various diseases globally within the framework of the Global Burden of Disease initiative,leading to numerous publications in international literature.Despite widespread adoption,the DALY synthetic indicator has prompted significant methodological concerns since its inception,manifesting in inconsistent and non-reproducible results.Given the substantial diffusion of the DALY indicator and its critical role in health impact assessments,a reassessment is warranted.This reconsideration is imperative for enhancing the robustness and reliability of public health decisionmaking processes.展开更多
文摘Interdisciplinarity is strongly promoted by institutions and is the subject of abundant scientific publications on its history,definition,and typologies,as well as on its obstacles and challenges.This article aims to provide insight into the development of an interdisciplinary research question.We will present the path that led from an administrative management question to a doctorate in philosophy of medicine on supportive care,thanks to a rich collaboration between a wide range of academic,hospital,and association players.An analysis of the literature will show how the long history of science underpins disciplinary issues in the development of a research question.The method will make visible the long dialogue between the partners in this project.The results will show how the research question evolved throughout the project.Finally,the discussion will propose three concepts to put interdisciplinarity into perspective:collaboration,attention,and tranquility.
文摘This paper summarizes the work held at the Cancéropôle Ile-de-France's annual SHS research seminar on the theme:Pluridisciplinarity and methods for SHS research in thefield of cancer.After clarifying the concepts of pluri-,inter-,and transdisciplinarité,it aimed to describe how this type of research is carried out in practice,addressing successively:the role of stakeholders and their respective positions,the need for a shared language,the various temporalities involved and task sharing,the interview and analysis methods as well as the implication of patient-researchers.It highlighted the personal qualities required to practice this type of research,such as psychologicalflexibility and adaptability,a strong desire for collaborative work,acceptance of risk,and a humble stance.
基金the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye(TÜBİTAK)Under the International Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program(2219),No.1059B192400980the National Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program(2218),No.122C158.
文摘Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)is a life-threatening condition that is characterized by high mortality rates and limited therapeutic options.Notably,Zhang et al demonstrated that CD146+mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)exhibited greater therapeutic efficacy than CD146-MSCs.These cells enhance epithelial repair through nuclear factor kappa B/cyclooxygenase-2-associated paracrine signaling and secretion of pro-angiogenic factors.We concur that MSCs hold significant promise for ARDS treatment;however,the heterogeneity of cell products is a translational barrier.Phenotype-aware strategies,such as CD146 enrichment,standardized potency assays,and extracellular vesicle profiling,are essential for improving the consistency of these studies.Further-more,advanced preclinical models,such as lung-on-a-chip systems,may provide more predictive insights into the therapeutic mechanisms.This article underscores the importance of CD146+MSCs in ARDS,emphasizes the need for precision in defining cell products,and discusses how integrating subset selection into translational pipelines could enhance the clinical impact of MSC-based therapies.
基金funded on the one hand by Agence de l'Innovation de Défense(AID)grant reference number 2021650044on the other hand by Ecole Centrale de Nantes。
文摘Joining dissimilar materials encounters significant engineering challenges due to the contrast in material properties that makes conventional welding not feasible.Magnetic Pulse Welding(MPW)offers a solidstate joining technique that overcomes these issues by using impact to create strong bonds without melting the substrate materials.This study investigates the weldability of aluminum alloy Al-5754 with Al-7075 and MARS 380 steel,used in armouring solutions of defense systems,by the use of MPW.In this work,weldability windows are investigated by varying standoff distances between the coating material and its substrate(0.25-4.5 mm)and discharge energies(5-13 kJ)with both O-shape and U-shape inductors.Mechanical strength of the welded joints were assessed through single lap shear tests,identifying optimal welding parameters.Then,the velocity profiles of the flyer plates were measured using heterodyne velocimetry to understand the dynamics of the impact.Then,substructures assembled with the optimal welding conditions were subjected to ballistic testing using 7.62 mm×51 mm NATO and 9 mm×19 mm Parabellum munitions to evaluate the resilience of the welds under ballistic impact.The outcomes demonstrate that MPW effectively joins Al-5754 with both Al-7075 and MARS 380,producing robust welds capable of withstanding ballistic impacts under certain conditions.This research advances the application of MPW in lightweight ballistic protection of defense systems,contributing to the development of more resilient and lighter protective structures.
基金supported by Craig H.Neilsen Foundation,Wings for Life Foundation,Canadian Institutes of Health Research,and Fonds de Recherche Québec-Santé(to FB).
文摘Spinal cord injury(SCI)interrupts the flow of information between the brain and the spinal cord,thus leading to a loss of sensory information and motor paralysis of the body below the lesion.Surprisingly,most SCIs are incomplete and spare supraspinal pathways,especially those located within the peripheral white matter of the spinal cord,which includes reticulospinal pathways originating from the medullary reticular formation.Whereas there is abundant literature about the motor cortex,its corticospinal pathway,and its capacity to modulate functional recovery after SCI,less is known about the medullary reticular formation and its reticulospinal pathway.
文摘Background:We present a case of two major complications following insertion of a nephrostomy managed in a minimally invasive way.Our case is the first in the literature to describe this minimally invasive treatment technique for colon perforation in a completely asymptomatic patient.Case Description:A 75-year-old female patient with a history of bilateral obstructive uropathy secondary to bilateral radiation-induced ureteric strictures attended for bilateral nephrostomy placement.The patient had a history of endometrial cancer,treated previously by total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy and brachytherapy.Her recovery had been further complicated by the development of radiation cystitis,small bowel resection,and short gut syndrome.The strictures had previously been managed with bilateral double J stents,which have now failed.A left-sided nephrostomy insertion was performed.ACT-scan prompted by a repeat deterioration in renal function revealed a right-sided hydronephrosis and suggested transcolic passage of the previously placed leftsided nephrostomy.She had remained clinically well and apyretic.A right-sided nephrostomy was inserted,and the left re-sited following a colonoscopy-guided nephrostomy removal and clip occlusion of the nephrostomy tract.The patient then developed a pseudoaneurysm,which was managed with embolization.The patient was able to return home with corrected kidney function.The three-monthly checks for changes in nephrostomy catheters did not reveal any complications.Conclusions:The patient therefore presented with two major complications of nephrostomy placement:colonic perforation and pseudoaneurysm,classified as Clavien IIIb and IIIa,respectively.Multidisciplinary management,including urologists,gastroenterologists,general surgeons,and radiologists,enabled a minimally invasive management.Minimally invasive management with endoscopic clip placement appears to be a safe alternative to directed fistula of colonic perforation.
文摘BACKGROUND Data comparing the outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)ablation by multibipolar radiofrequency ablation(mbp-RFA)and microwave ablation(MWA)are lacking.This study compares safety and efficacy of the two techniques in treatment-naive HCC.AIM To compare the risk of local tumor progression(LTP)according to the technique;secondary endpoints included technique efficacy rate at one-month,overall survival and major complication rate.METHODS A bi-institutional retrospective analysis of patients undergoing treatment-naive HCC ablation by either technique was performed.Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to compare the two groups.Mixed effects multivariate Cox regression was applied to identify risk factors for LTP.RESULTS A total of 362 patients(mean age,66.1±6.2 years,308 men)were included,of which 242(323 tumors)treated by mbp-RFA and 120(168 tumors)by MWA.After a median follow-up of 27 months,cumulative LTP was 11.4%after mbp-RFA and 25.2%after MWA.Independent risk factors for LTP at multivariate analysis were MWA(hazard ratio=2.85,P<0.001)and tumor size(hazard ratio=1.08,P<0.001).Two-year LTP-free survival was higher after mbp-RFA than MWA regardless of size(<3 cm:96%vs 87.1%,P<0.01;≥3 cm:87.5%vs 74%,P=0.04).Technique efficacy rate was higher after mbp-RFA(94.1%vs 87.5%,P=0.01).No difference was observed in major complication rate(9.5%vs 7.5%,P=0.59),nor 5-year overall survival(63.6%vs 58.3%,P=0.33).CONCLUSION Mbp-RFA leads to better local tumor control of treatment-naïve HCC than MWA regardless of tumor size and has better primary efficacy,while maintaining a comparable safety profile.
基金The authors extend their appreciation to King Saud University,Saudi Arabia for funding this work through the Ongoing Research Funding Program(ORF-2025-704),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘A novel siphon-based divide-and-conquer(SbDaC)policy is presented in this paper for the synthesis of Petri net(PN)based liveness-enforcing supervisors(LES)for flexible manufacturing systems(FMS)prone to deadlocks or livelocks.The proposed method takes an uncontrolled and bounded PN model(UPNM)of the FMS.Firstly,the reduced PNM(RPNM)is obtained from the UPNM by using PN reduction rules to reduce the computation burden.Then,the set of strict minimal siphons(SMSs)of the RPNM is computed.Next,the complementary set of SMSs is computed from the set of SMSs.By the union of these two sets,the superset of SMSs is computed.Finally,the set of subnets of the RPNM is obtained by applying the PN reduction rules to the superset of SMSs.All these subnets suffer from deadlocks.These subnets are then ordered from the smallest one to the largest one based on a criterion.To enforce liveness on these subnets,a set of control places(CPs)is computed starting from the smallest subnet to the largest one.Once all subnets are live,this process provides the LES,consisting of a set of CPs to be used for the UPNM.The live controlled PN model(CPNM)is constructed by merging the LES with the UPNM.The SbDaC policy is applicable to all classes of PNs related to FMS prone to deadlocks or livelocks.Several FMS examples are considered from the literature to highlight the applicability of the SbDaC policy.In particular,three examples are utilized to emphasize the importance,applicability and effectiveness of the SbDaC policy to realistic FMS with very large state spaces.
基金funded by United Kingdom Commonwealth Scholarship Commission。
文摘The Rukwa Rift section of the East Africa Rift System presents a type setting for radiogenic helium accumulation in a petroleum free basin.As a prerequisite for accumulation,a considerable high heat flow anomaly is required from tectonothermal events to drive the release and circulation of radiogenic helium in the continental crust.Here we apply statistical analysis on geochemical data observed in thermal springs and recorded heat flow to account for crustal helium mass balance for each tectonothermal event in the region.Our results demonstrate anomalously high heat flow~64-99 mW/m^(2) with a consistent trend of helium isotopic ratio and fluid chemistry in the Rukwa Rift.Mass balance calculation show that the whole crustal volume underlying the East Africa Helium Pool(EAHP)has a capability of producing radiogenic helium of about 9.9×10^(6) mol/yr(22×10^(-6) mol 4He/m^(2) yr)while the total radiogenic helium flux ranges between~2.39×10^(6) mol/yr and~2.68×10^(9) mol/yr.The Tanzania Craton contributes largely to radiogenic helium releasing up to 50% of the total capacity in the region.The total ^(4)He emission in the Rukwa Rift Basin is about 4.45×10^(5)-5.01×10^(8) mol/yr which is thus equivalent to 19%-21% of the total production capacity in the region.These results imply that the helium accumulation in the EAHP would have started as early as Paleoproterozoic(2.349 Ga).These results provide a qualitative and quantitative insight to assess both helium and geothermal potentiality in the region.
基金supported by grants from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation(P-OB,JRZ,and AK)the Swedish Research Council(JRZ and AK),Centrum för idrottsforskning(AK and JRZ)+7 种基金the NovoNordisk Foundation Metabolic Stress Associated Molecules(MSAM)consortium NNF15SA0018346 and Metabolite-related Inflammation and Disease(MeRIAD)consortium Grant number 0064142(AK)the Swedish Diabetes Foundation(AK and JRZ)the European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes(JRZ and AK)the Region Stockholm(ALF project)(JRZ and KC)the Strategic Research Program in Diabetes at Karolinska Institutet(JRZ and AK)supported by the Strategic Research Programme in Diabetes(SRP Diabetes)for use of the Seahorse flux analyzer.Human islets were made possible through the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation(JDRF)award 31-2008-416(European Coordinating Infrastructure for Islet Transplantation(ECIT),Islet for Basic Research program)AK holds a Distinguished Investigator Grant within Endocrinology and Metabolism from the Novo Nordisk Foundation(NNF24OC0088739)JRZ received the 2024 European Association for the Study of Diabetes(ESAD)-Novo Nordisk Foundation Diabetes Prize for Excellence(NNF24SA0092609).
文摘Background Regular physical training induces adaptive effects across multiple organ systems,highlighting the existence of inter-organ communication networks.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying both exercise-induced adaptations and organ-to-organ signaling are not fully characterized.Circulating extracellular vesicles(EVs),including exosomes,carry molecules like microRNAs(miRNAs)that may mediate tissue crosstalk.This study aimed to identify specific exercise training-responsive miRNAs that affect skeletal muscle function.Methods miRNA expression profiles of serum-derived EVs were analyzed in healthy young individuals before and after 3 weeks endurance exercise training.Exercise training-responsive miRNAs were then validated for a functional role in cellular metabolic processes in human myotubes.Results We identified several exercise training-responsive miRNAs within exosome-rich EVs in serum,including miR-136-3p.In human myotubes,miR-136-3p enhanced glucose uptake and targeted the nardilysin convertase(NRDC)gene.Transfection of miR-136-3p or silencing of NRDC induced a shift towards glycolytic metabolism in mitochondria and modulated gene expressions related to myogenesis.Pancreatic islets were identified as a potential source of miR-136-3p based on in silico analysis of gene expression and a molecular analysis of conditioned media from isolated pancreatic islets.Conclusion MiR-136-3p is an endurance training-responsive molecular transducer that modulates glucose metabolism and cellular proliferation in myocytes.Associated with EVs,extracellular miR-136-3p may serve as a molecular messenger to communicate islet–skeletal muscle crosstalk after exercise.Extracellular miR-136-3p may serve as a molecular messenger to communicate islet–skeletal muscle crosstalk.Our results highlight a miRNA-mediated mechanism that participates in inter-organ communication to fine tune the metabolic adaptations to exercise.
基金the World Climate Research Programme(WCRP),Climate Variability and Predictability(CLIVAR),and Global Energy and Water Exchanges(GEWEX)for facilitating the coordination of African monsoon researchsupport from the Center for Earth System Modeling,Analysis,and Data at the Pennsylvania State Universitythe support of the Office of Science of the U.S.Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research as part of the Regional&Global Model Analysis(RGMA)program area。
文摘In recent years,there has been an increasing need for climate information across diverse sectors of society.This demand has arisen from the necessity to adapt to and mitigate the impacts of climate variability and change.Likewise,this period has seen a significant increase in our understanding of the physical processes and mechanisms that drive precipitation and its variability across different regions of Africa.By leveraging a large volume of climate model outputs,numerous studies have investigated the model representation of African precipitation as well as underlying physical processes.These studies have assessed whether the physical processes are well depicted and whether the models are fit for informing mitigation and adaptation strategies.This paper provides a review of the progress in precipitation simulation overAfrica in state-of-the-science climate models and discusses the major issues and challenges that remain.
基金supported by a grant from the French Society of Sleep Research and Medicine(to LS)The China Scholarship Council(to HL)The CNRS,INSERM,Claude Bernard University Lyon1(to LS)。
文摘The sleep-wake cycle stands as an integrative process essential for sustaining optimal brain function and,either directly or indirectly,overall body health,encompassing metabolic and cardiovascular well-being.Given the heightened metabolic activity of the brain,there exists a considerable demand for nutrients in comparison to other organs.Among these,the branched-chain amino acids,comprising leucine,isoleucine,and valine,display distinctive significance,from their contribution to protein structure to their involvement in overall metabolism,especially in cerebral processes.Among the first amino acids that are released into circulation post-food intake,branched-chain amino acids assume a pivotal role in the regulation of protein synthesis,modulating insulin secretion and the amino acid sensing pathway of target of rapamycin.Branched-chain amino acids are key players in influencing the brain's uptake of monoamine precursors,competing for a shared transporter.Beyond their involvement in protein synthesis,these amino acids contribute to the metabolic cycles ofγ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate,as well as energy metabolism.Notably,they impact GABAergic neurons and the excitation/inhibition balance.The rhythmicity of branchedchain amino acids in plasma concentrations,observed over a 24-hour cycle and conserved in rodent models,is under circadian clock control.The mechanisms underlying those rhythms and the physiological consequences of their disruption are not fully understood.Disturbed sleep,obesity,diabetes,and cardiovascular diseases can elevate branched-chain amino acid concentrations or modify their oscillatory dynamics.The mechanisms driving these effects are currently the focal point of ongoing research efforts,since normalizing branched-chain amino acid levels has the ability to alleviate the severity of these pathologies.In this context,the Drosophila model,though underutilized,holds promise in shedding new light on these mechanisms.Initial findings indicate its potential to introduce novel concepts,particularly in elucidating the intricate connections between the circadian clock,sleep/wake,and metabolism.Consequently,the use and transport of branched-chain amino acids emerge as critical components and orchestrators in the web of interactions across multiple organs throughout the sleep/wake cycle.They could represent one of the so far elusive mechanisms connecting sleep patterns to metabolic and cardiovascular health,paving the way for potential therapeutic interventions.
基金Supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCiii),No.PI19/01266 and No.PI22/00857Consejería de Salud y Familias(Junta de Andalucía),No.PI-0216-2020 and No.PIP-0215-2020Biomedical Research Network Center for Liver and Digestive Diseases(CIBERehd)founded by the ISCIII and co-financed by European Regional Development Fund“A way to achieve Europe”ERDF.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common subtype of primary liver cancer with varied incidence and epidemiology worldwide.Sorafenib is still a recommended treatment for a large proportion of patients with advanced HCC.Different patterns of treatment responsiveness have been identified in differentiated hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells and metastatic HCC SNU449 cells.AIM To define the long non-codingRNA-microRNA-mRNA(lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA)predicted signatures related to selected hallmarks of cancer(apoptosis,autophagy,cell stress,cell dedifferentiation and invasiveness)in RNAseq studies using Sorafenib-treated HepG2 and SNU449 cells.Various available software analyses allowed us to establish the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory axes following treatment in HepG2 and SNU449 cells.METHODS HepG2 and SNU449 cells were treated with Sorafenib(10μmol/L)for 24 hours.Total RNA,including small and long RNA,was extracted with a commercial miRNeasy kit.RNAseq was carried out for the identification of changes in lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory axes.RESULTS MALAT,THAP9-AS1 and SNGH17 appeared to coordinately regulate miR-374b-3p and miR-769-5p that led to upregulation of SMAD7,TIRARP,TFAP4 and FAXDC2 in HepG2 cells.SNHG12,EPB41 L4A-AS1,LINC01578,SNHG12 and GAS5 interacted with let-7b-3p,miR-195-5p and VEGFA in SNU449 cells.The axes MALAT1/hsamir-374b-3p/SMAD7 and MALAT1/hsa-mir-769-5p/TFAP4 were of high relevance for Sorafenib response in HepG2 cells,whereas PVT1/hsa-miR-195-5p/VEGFA was responsible for the differential response of SNU449 cells to Sorafenib treatment.CONCLUSION Critical lncRNAs acting as sponges of miRNA were identified that regulated mRNA expression,whose proteins mainly increased the antitumor effectiveness of the treatment(SMAD7,TIRARP,TFAP4,FAXDC2 and ADRB2).However,the broad regulatory axis leading to increased VEGFA expression may be related to the side effect of Sorafenib in SNU449 cells.
基金supported by funding from Parkinson Canadafunded by a scholarship from Parkinson Canadaa scholarship from Fonds d’Enseignement et de Recherche (FER) (Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval)
文摘There is a need to develop interventions to slow or reverse the degeneration of dopamine neurons in Parkinson’s disease after diagnosis.Given that preclinical and clinical studies suggest benefits of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids,such as docosahexaenoic acid,and exercise in Parkinson’s disease,we investigated whether both could synergistically interact to induce recovery of the dopaminergic pathway.First,mice received a unilateral stereotactic injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the striatum to establish an animal model of nigrostriatal denervation.Four weeks after lesion,animals were fed a docosahexaenoic acid-enriched or a control diet for the next 8 weeks.During this period,the animals had access to a running wheel,which they could use or not.Docosahexaenoic acid treatment,voluntary exercise,or the combination of both had no effect on(i)distance traveled in the open field test,(ii)the percentage of contraversive rotations in the apomorphine-induction test or(iii)the number of tyrosine-hydroxylase-positive cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta.However,the docosahexaenoic acid diet increased the number of tyrosine-hydroxylase-positive terminals and induced a rise in dopamine concentrations in the lesioned striatum.Compared to docosahexaenoic acid treatment or exercise alone,the combination of docosahexaenoic acid and exercise(i)improved forelimb balance in the stepping test,(ii)decreased the striatal DOPAC/dopamine ratio and(iii)led to increased dopamine transporter levels in the lesioned striatum.The present results suggest that the combination of exercise and docosahexaenoic acid may act synergistically in the striatum of mice with a unilateral lesion of the dopaminergic system and provide support for clinical trials combining nutrition and physical exercise in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
文摘This review is composed of three main parts each of which is written by well-known top specialists that have been,in a way or other,also the main participants of the majority of the developments reported.Thus,after a general part covering the grand lines and more in-depth views of more recent tannin,lignin,carbohydrate and soy bioadhesives,somemix of the other bio raw materials with soy protein and soy flour and some other differently sourced bioadhesives for wood,this review presents a more in-depth part on starch-based wood adhesives and a more indepth part covering plant protein-based adhesives.It must be kept in mind that the review is focused on completely or almost completely biosourced adhesives,the fashionable adhesives derived from mixes of biosourced materials with synthetic resins having been intentionally excluded.This choice was made as the latter constitute only an intermediate interval,possibly temporary if even for a somewhat long times,towards a final full bioeconomy of scale in this field.This review also focuses on more recent results,mainly obtained in the last 10–20 years,thus on adhesive formulations really innovative and sometimes even non-traditional.In all these fields there is still a lot of possibility of innovation for relevant formulation as this field is still in rapid growth.
文摘Background:Most mutations in the COL6A3 gene lead to collagen VI-related myopathies.This is due to a reduced expression or mislocalization of the COL6A3 protein.Therefore,studying the consequence of knocking out the Col6a3 gene in mouse models is relevant,but the Col6a3 mouse models reported so far do not entirely abolish COL6A3 protein expression.Methods:Here,we present the development,validation and preliminary phenotypic characterization of a novel CRISPR-based knockout mouse model targeting Col6a3 exon 3(Col6a3^(d3/d3)).Results:In this mouse model,Col6a3 mRNA is still expressed at a similar level to wild-type littermates,although the expected protein is undetectable by mass spectrometry.Histological analysis of Col6a3^(d3/d3)quadriceps revealed an abnormally high frequency of muscle cells with internally nucleated muscle cells,consistent with a myopathy phenotype.Interestingly,Col6a3^(d3/d3)mice are smaller in size,with their fat,muscle,and bone kept proportional compared to wild-type littermates.Conclusions:In summary,we performed the validation and preliminary phenotypic characterization of a novel Col6a3 knockout mouse model that could be further characterized and used to study COL6A3 biology and model collagen VI-associated diseases.
文摘Every day walking consists of frequent voluntary modifications in the gait pattern to negotiate obstacles.After spinal cord injury,stepping over an obstacle becomes challenging.Stepping over an obstacle requires sensorimotor transformations in several structures of the brain,including the parietal cortex,premotor cortex,and motor cortex.Sensory information and planning are transformed into motor commands,which are sent from the motor cortex to spinal neuronal circuits to alter limb trajectory,coordinate the limbs,and maintain balance.After spinal cord injury,bidirectional communication between the brain and spinal cord is disrupted and animals,including humans,fail to voluntarily modify limb trajectory to step over an obstacle.Therefore,in this review,we discuss the neuromechanical control of stepping over an obstacle,why it fails after spinal cord injury,and how it recovers to a certain extent.
基金supported by the University Salah Boubnider-Constantine 3 (Algeria).
文摘This research aims to study the bio-adsorption process of two dyes,Cibacron Green H3G(CG-H3G)and Terasil Red(TR),in a single system and to bring them closer to the industrial textile discharge by a binary mixture of two dyes(TR+CG-H3G).The Cockle Shell(CS)was used as a natural bio-adsorbent.The characterizations of CS were investigated by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX)and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET).The adsorption potential of Cockle Shells was tested in two cases(single and binary system)and determined by:contact time(0–60 min),bio-adsorption dose(3–15 g/L),initial concentration(10–300 mg/L),temperature(22–61°C)and pH solution(2–12).The study of bio-adsorption(equilibrium and kinetics)was conducted at 22°C.The kinetic studies demon-strated that a pseudo-second-order adsorption mechanism had a good correlation coefficient(R2≥0.999).The Langmuir isotherm modeling provided a well-defined description of TR and CG-H3G bio-adsorption on cockle shells,exhibiting maximum capacities of 29.41 and 3.69 mg/g respectively at 22°C.The thermodynamic study shows that the reaction between the TR,CG-H3G dyes molecules and the bio-adsorbent is exothermic,spontaneous in the range of 22–31°C with the aleatory character decrease at the solid-liquid interface.The study of selectivity in single and binary systems has been performed under optimal operating conditions using the industrial textile rejection pH(pH=6.04).CG-H3G dye is found to have a higher selectivity than TR in single(0–60 min)and binary systems with a range of 6–45 min,as shown by the selectivity measurement.It was discovered that CS has the capability to remove both CG-H3G and TR dyes in both simple and binary systems,making it a superior bio-adsorbent.
文摘BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is strongly associated with an increased risk of thrombotic events,including severe outcomes such as pulmonary embolism.Elevated D-dimer levels are a critical biomarker for assessing this risk.In Gabon,early implementation of anticoagulation therapy and D-dimer testing has been crucial in managing COVID-19.This study hypothesizes that elevated Ddimer levels are linked to increased COVID-19 severity.AIM To determine the impact of D-dimer levels on COVID-19 severity and their role in guiding clinical decisions.METHODS This retrospective study analyzed COVID-19 patients admitted to two hospitals in Gabon between March 2020 and December 2023.The study included patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnoses and available D-dimer measurements at admission.Data on demographics,clinical outcomes,D-dimer levels,and healthcare costs were collected.COVID-19 severity was classified as non-severe(outpatients)or severe(inpatients).A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between D-dimer levels and disease severity,with adjusted odds ratios(OR)and 95%CI.RESULTS A total of 3004 patients were included,with a mean age of 50.17 years,and the majority were female(53.43%).Elevated D-dimer levels were found in 65.81%of patients,and 57.21%of these experienced severe COVID-19.Univariate analysis showed that patients with elevated D-dimer levels had 3.33 times higher odds of severe COVID-19(OR=3.33,95%CI:2.84-3.92,P<0.001),and this association remained significant in the multivariable analysis,adjusted for age,sex,and year of collection.The financial analysis revealed a substantial burden,particularly for uninsured patients.CONCLUSION D-dimer predicts COVID-19 severity and guides treatment,but the high cost of anticoagulant therapy highlights the need for policies ensuring affordable access in resource-limited settings like Gabon.
文摘In 1993,the World Bank released a global report on the efficacy of health promotion,introducing the disability-adjusted life years(DALY)as a novel indicator.The DALY,a composite metric incorporating temporal and qualitative data,is grounded in preferences regarding disability status.This review delineates the algorithm used to calculate the value of the proposed DALY synthetic indicator and elucidates key methodological challenges associated with its application.In contrast to the quality-adjusted life years approach,derived from multi-attribute utility theory,the DALY stands as an independent synthetic indicator that adopts the assumptions of the Time Trade Off utility technique to define Disability Weights.Claiming to rely on no mathematical or economic theory,DALY users appear to have exempted themselves from verifying whether this indicator meets the classical properties required of all indicators,notably content validity,reliability,specificity,and sensitivity.The DALY concept emerged primarily to facilitate comparisons of the health impacts of various diseases globally within the framework of the Global Burden of Disease initiative,leading to numerous publications in international literature.Despite widespread adoption,the DALY synthetic indicator has prompted significant methodological concerns since its inception,manifesting in inconsistent and non-reproducible results.Given the substantial diffusion of the DALY indicator and its critical role in health impact assessments,a reassessment is warranted.This reconsideration is imperative for enhancing the robustness and reliability of public health decisionmaking processes.
