To address the global demand for rapeseed while considering farmers’profit,we face the challenges of making a quantum leap in seed yield and,at the same time,reducing yield loss due to biotic and abiotic stresses.We ...To address the global demand for rapeseed while considering farmers’profit,we face the challenges of making a quantum leap in seed yield and,at the same time,reducing yield loss due to biotic and abiotic stresses.We also face the challenge of efficiently applying new transformative biotechnology tools such as gene editing and breeding by genome design to increase rapeseed productivity and profitability.In this Perspective,we review advances in research on the physiological and genetic bases of both stress factorsaffected yield stability and seed yield potential,focusing on source–sink relationships and allocation of photosynthetic assimilates to vegetative growth and seed development.We propose research directions and highlight the role of plant architecture in the relative contributions of the root system,leaves,and pods to seed yield.We call for de novo design of new rapeseed crops.We review trait variation in existing germplasm and biotechnologies available for crop design.Finally,we discuss opportunities to apply fundamental knowledge and key germplasm to rapeseed production and propose an ideotype for de novo design of future rapeseed cultivars.展开更多
The authors regret to report some mistakes in the text and associated changes necessary to section 4.1 of the paper.On page 591 in the right-hand column,line 34,“far light”should be changed to“far-red light”.On pa...The authors regret to report some mistakes in the text and associated changes necessary to section 4.1 of the paper.On page 591 in the right-hand column,line 34,“far light”should be changed to“far-red light”.On page 592 in the left-hand column,line 28,the sentence reads:“If the YP/FP ratio can be as high as 42%(the average YP/FP of the UK and China.Table S2),the farm yield will be 5.0 t ha1.”展开更多
Sclerotinia stem rot(SSR) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Lib.) de Bary is one of the most devastating diseases of Brassica napus worldwide. Both SSR resistance and flowering time(FT) adaptation are major breeding ...Sclerotinia stem rot(SSR) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Lib.) de Bary is one of the most devastating diseases of Brassica napus worldwide. Both SSR resistance and flowering time(FT) adaptation are major breeding goals in B. napus. However, early maturing rapeseed varieties, which are important for rice-rapeseed rotation in China, are often highly susceptible to SSR. Here, we found that SSR resistance was significantly negatively correlated with FT in a natural population containing 521 rapeseed inbred lines and a double haploid(DH) population with 150 individual lines, both of which had great variation in FT. Four chromosomal regions on A2, A6, C2, and C8 affecting both SSR resistance and FT were identified using quantitative trait loci(QTL) mapping after constructing a high-density genetic map based on single nucleotide polymorphism markers in the DH population.Furthermore, we aligned QTL for the two traits identified in the present and previous studies to the B. napus reference genome, and identified four colocalized QTL hotspots of SSR resistance and FT on A2(0–7.7 Mb), A3(0.8–7.5 Mb), C2(0–15.2 Mb), and C6(20.2–36.6 Mb). Our results revealed a genetic link between SSR resistance and FT in B.napus, which should facilitate the development of effective strategies in both early maturing and SSR resistance breeding and in map-based cloning of SSR resistance QTL.展开更多
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) with yellow flowers is an attractive ornamental landscape plant during the flowering period,and the development of different petal colors has become a breeding objective.Although yellowis...Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) with yellow flowers is an attractive ornamental landscape plant during the flowering period,and the development of different petal colors has become a breeding objective.Although yellowish flower color is a common variant observed in field-grown oilseed rape,the genetics behind this variation remains unclear.We obtained a yellowish-white flower (ywf) mutant from Zhongshuang 9 (ZS9) by ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis (EMS) treatment.Compared with ZS9,ywf exhibited a lower carotenoid content with a reduced and defective chromoplast ultrastructure in the petals.Genetic analysis revealed that the yellowish-white trait was controlled by a single recessive gene.Using bulked-segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-seq) and kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASP),we performed map-based cloning of the ywf locus on chromosome A08 and found that ywf harbored a C-to-T substitution in the coding region,resulting in a premature translation termination.YWF,encoding phytoene desaturase 3 (PDS3),was highly expressed in oilseed rape petals and involved in carotenoid biosynthesis.Pathway enrichment analysis of the transcriptome profiles from ZS9 and ywf indicated the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway to be highly enriched.Further analyses of differentially expressed genes and carotenoid components revealed that the truncated Bna A08.PDS3 resulted in decreased carotenoid biosynthesis in the mutant.These results contribute to an understanding of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway and manipulation of flower-color variation in B.napus.展开更多
The statistical analysis of 97 literatures shows that there is a quadratic parabolic relationship between direct seeding density and yield of rape： Y = 2 213,058 9 ＋ 14,556 9 X- 0.145 5 X2. The optimum density is 3....The statistical analysis of 97 literatures shows that there is a quadratic parabolic relationship between direct seeding density and yield of rape： Y = 2 213,058 9 ＋ 14,556 9 X- 0.145 5 X2. The optimum density is 3.413 × 10^5 - 5,001 × 10 ^5 plants/hm2. Compared with conventional rape, hybrid rape has higher yield （by 3.71%） and lower density （by 4,97%）, To obtain a high yield, conventional rape （or lines） needs to be planted more densely compared with hybrid rape,展开更多
Perilla frutescens (L.) is an edible, medicinal crop, and most popular in East Asia. Its molecular breeding and research are hampered by the paucity of molecular markers. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are ubiqu...Perilla frutescens (L.) is an edible, medicinal crop, and most popular in East Asia. Its molecular breeding and research are hampered by the paucity of molecular markers. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are ubiquitous and widely used in eukaryotic genomes. EST-SSRs identification of perilla was performed in 116,387 reads generated by Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. In total 25,449 unigenes containing SSR and 33,867 SSR loci were identified, and 19,400 primer pairs were designed. Polymorphism of SSR primers was conducted by searching for insertions and deletions (INDELs), and 1,567 unique SSRs were predicted. Totally, 200 SSR primer pairs were selected for polymorphic validation among 23 perilla accessions. Results showed that 175 primer pairs produced amplicons, and 30 pairs exhibited polymorphism. Polymorphic ratio was higher by using INDEL method than using conventional primers. Phylogenetic analysis showed the 2 distinct groups: P. frutescens var. frutescens and P. frutescens var. crispa. Wrinkled leaf trait and seed trait were distinct between these 2 groups. However, no clear leaf color or geographic relationship was detected. The large scale development and identification of SSR marker in this research laid a foundation for genetic analysis and marker assisted breeding of cultivated perilla.展开更多
Oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.) is an allotetraploid(AACC,2n=38) crop,valued for its edible oil and protein content.seed yield and nutritional composition of rapeseed are influenced by its yield and oil quality traits...Oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.) is an allotetraploid(AACC,2n=38) crop,valued for its edible oil and protein content.seed yield and nutritional composition of rapeseed are influenced by its yield and oil quality traits.However,the genetic basis of yield-related and oil-quality traits remain ambiguous.A panel of 266 diversified oilseed rape accessions was genotyped using 223 simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers covering all 19 chromosomes to identify significant markers associated with yield and quality traits.Twelve yield-related and six quality traits were investigated in two consecutive years(2014 and 2015),with three replications in two environments(Changshun,CS;and Qinghe,QH).Using the model GLM with population structure and kinship(Q+K),a total of 25 significant SSR markers(P <0.001) were detected to be associated with these twelve yield-related and six quality traits,explaining 4.56%-19.17% of the phenotypic variation for each trait.Based on these markers,BnaA03g23490D, BnaC09g46370D,BnaA07g37150D,BnaA01g32590D, and BnaC09g37280D were identified as pleiotropic genes controlling multiple traits.These candidate genes illustrated the potential for the genetic understanding of yield and oil quality traits.Most importantly,these significant markers can be used for marker-assisted breeding of oilseed rape in different environments.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A2034 and 32070217)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ZDRW202105 and CAASASTIP-2013-OCRI)。
文摘To address the global demand for rapeseed while considering farmers’profit,we face the challenges of making a quantum leap in seed yield and,at the same time,reducing yield loss due to biotic and abiotic stresses.We also face the challenge of efficiently applying new transformative biotechnology tools such as gene editing and breeding by genome design to increase rapeseed productivity and profitability.In this Perspective,we review advances in research on the physiological and genetic bases of both stress factorsaffected yield stability and seed yield potential,focusing on source–sink relationships and allocation of photosynthetic assimilates to vegetative growth and seed development.We propose research directions and highlight the role of plant architecture in the relative contributions of the root system,leaves,and pods to seed yield.We call for de novo design of new rapeseed crops.We review trait variation in existing germplasm and biotechnologies available for crop design.Finally,we discuss opportunities to apply fundamental knowledge and key germplasm to rapeseed production and propose an ideotype for de novo design of future rapeseed cultivars.
文摘The authors regret to report some mistakes in the text and associated changes necessary to section 4.1 of the paper.On page 591 in the right-hand column,line 34,“far light”should be changed to“far-red light”.On page 592 in the left-hand column,line 28,the sentence reads:“If the YP/FP ratio can be as high as 42%(the average YP/FP of the UK and China.Table S2),the farm yield will be 5.0 t ha1.”
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671725,31601330,31330057)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(2015CB150201)+1 种基金Science&Technology Special Project of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences([2014] 014,[2017] 08)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2015M581867,2016T90514)
文摘Sclerotinia stem rot(SSR) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Lib.) de Bary is one of the most devastating diseases of Brassica napus worldwide. Both SSR resistance and flowering time(FT) adaptation are major breeding goals in B. napus. However, early maturing rapeseed varieties, which are important for rice-rapeseed rotation in China, are often highly susceptible to SSR. Here, we found that SSR resistance was significantly negatively correlated with FT in a natural population containing 521 rapeseed inbred lines and a double haploid(DH) population with 150 individual lines, both of which had great variation in FT. Four chromosomal regions on A2, A6, C2, and C8 affecting both SSR resistance and FT were identified using quantitative trait loci(QTL) mapping after constructing a high-density genetic map based on single nucleotide polymorphism markers in the DH population.Furthermore, we aligned QTL for the two traits identified in the present and previous studies to the B. napus reference genome, and identified four colocalized QTL hotspots of SSR resistance and FT on A2(0–7.7 Mb), A3(0.8–7.5 Mb), C2(0–15.2 Mb), and C6(20.2–36.6 Mb). Our results revealed a genetic link between SSR resistance and FT in B.napus, which should facilitate the development of effective strategies in both early maturing and SSR resistance breeding and in map-based cloning of SSR resistance QTL.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program Of China (2016YFD0101007 and 2018YFE0108000)National Natural Science Foundation of China (31770250)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (2019CFB628)China Agriculture Research System (CARS-12)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP) of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesThe Agricultural Scientific and Technological Research Projects of Guizhou Province (No. Qiankehezhicheng [2019] 2397)。
文摘Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) with yellow flowers is an attractive ornamental landscape plant during the flowering period,and the development of different petal colors has become a breeding objective.Although yellowish flower color is a common variant observed in field-grown oilseed rape,the genetics behind this variation remains unclear.We obtained a yellowish-white flower (ywf) mutant from Zhongshuang 9 (ZS9) by ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis (EMS) treatment.Compared with ZS9,ywf exhibited a lower carotenoid content with a reduced and defective chromoplast ultrastructure in the petals.Genetic analysis revealed that the yellowish-white trait was controlled by a single recessive gene.Using bulked-segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-seq) and kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASP),we performed map-based cloning of the ywf locus on chromosome A08 and found that ywf harbored a C-to-T substitution in the coding region,resulting in a premature translation termination.YWF,encoding phytoene desaturase 3 (PDS3),was highly expressed in oilseed rape petals and involved in carotenoid biosynthesis.Pathway enrichment analysis of the transcriptome profiles from ZS9 and ywf indicated the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway to be highly enriched.Further analyses of differentially expressed genes and carotenoid components revealed that the truncated Bna A08.PDS3 resulted in decreased carotenoid biosynthesis in the mutant.These results contribute to an understanding of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway and manipulation of flower-color variation in B.napus.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFD0100202)Modern Agriculture Industrial Technology System of Guizhou Province(GZCYTX2013-0802)+1 种基金Independent Innovation Research Fund of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2014-014)Science and Technology Plan Project of Guizhou Province(2016-2556)~~
文摘The statistical analysis of 97 literatures shows that there is a quadratic parabolic relationship between direct seeding density and yield of rape： Y = 2 213,058 9 ＋ 14,556 9 X- 0.145 5 X2. The optimum density is 3.413 × 10^5 - 5,001 × 10 ^5 plants/hm2. Compared with conventional rape, hybrid rape has higher yield （by 3.71%） and lower density （by 4,97%）, To obtain a high yield, conventional rape （or lines） needs to be planted more densely compared with hybrid rape,
基金support of the National Science Foundation of China (31360067)the Science-Technology Support Projects of Guizhou Province (NY[2016]3052)the Talent base for germplasm resources utilization and innovation of characteristic plant in Guizhou (RCJD2018-14)
文摘Perilla frutescens (L.) is an edible, medicinal crop, and most popular in East Asia. Its molecular breeding and research are hampered by the paucity of molecular markers. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are ubiquitous and widely used in eukaryotic genomes. EST-SSRs identification of perilla was performed in 116,387 reads generated by Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. In total 25,449 unigenes containing SSR and 33,867 SSR loci were identified, and 19,400 primer pairs were designed. Polymorphism of SSR primers was conducted by searching for insertions and deletions (INDELs), and 1,567 unique SSRs were predicted. Totally, 200 SSR primer pairs were selected for polymorphic validation among 23 perilla accessions. Results showed that 175 primer pairs produced amplicons, and 30 pairs exhibited polymorphism. Polymorphic ratio was higher by using INDEL method than using conventional primers. Phylogenetic analysis showed the 2 distinct groups: P. frutescens var. frutescens and P. frutescens var. crispa. Wrinkled leaf trait and seed trait were distinct between these 2 groups. However, no clear leaf color or geographic relationship was detected. The large scale development and identification of SSR marker in this research laid a foundation for genetic analysis and marker assisted breeding of cultivated perilla.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32070217)Subsidy project from NSFC of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences(No.[2021]50)+2 种基金The Scientific and Technological Key Program of Guizhou province(No.Qiankehezhicheng[2022]Key 031,025and 026)The Agricultural Scientific and Technological Research Projects of Guizhou province(No.Qiankehezhicheng[2020]1Y109 and 1Y106Youth Foundation of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences(No.[2021]07).
文摘Oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.) is an allotetraploid(AACC,2n=38) crop,valued for its edible oil and protein content.seed yield and nutritional composition of rapeseed are influenced by its yield and oil quality traits.However,the genetic basis of yield-related and oil-quality traits remain ambiguous.A panel of 266 diversified oilseed rape accessions was genotyped using 223 simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers covering all 19 chromosomes to identify significant markers associated with yield and quality traits.Twelve yield-related and six quality traits were investigated in two consecutive years(2014 and 2015),with three replications in two environments(Changshun,CS;and Qinghe,QH).Using the model GLM with population structure and kinship(Q+K),a total of 25 significant SSR markers(P <0.001) were detected to be associated with these twelve yield-related and six quality traits,explaining 4.56%-19.17% of the phenotypic variation for each trait.Based on these markers,BnaA03g23490D, BnaC09g46370D,BnaA07g37150D,BnaA01g32590D, and BnaC09g37280D were identified as pleiotropic genes controlling multiple traits.These candidate genes illustrated the potential for the genetic understanding of yield and oil quality traits.Most importantly,these significant markers can be used for marker-assisted breeding of oilseed rape in different environments.
