Objective:To determine the larvicidal efficacy of different solvent leaf extract of Ficus benghalensis（F.benghalensis） against Culex tritaeniorhynchus（Cx.tritaeniorhynchus） and Anopheles subpictus（An.subpictus）....Objective:To determine the larvicidal efficacy of different solvent leaf extract of Ficus benghalensis（F.benghalensis） against Culex tritaeniorhynchus（Cx.tritaeniorhynchus） and Anopheles subpictus（An.subpictus）.Methods:Twenty five early third instar larvae of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and An.subpictus were exposed to various concentrations and were assayed in the laboratory by using the protocol of WHO 2005.The larval mortality was observed after 24 h of treatment.Results:Among three solvent extracts tested the maximum efficacy was observed in the methanol extract.The LC<sub>50</sub> and LC<sub>90</sub> values of F.benghalensis against early third instar of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and An.subpictus were 100.88.159.76 ppm and 56.66.85.84 ppm.respectively. No mortality was observed in controls.The chi-square values were significant at P【0.05 level. Conclusions:From the results it can be concluded the crude extract of F.benghalensis was an excellent potential for controlling Cx.tritaeniorhynchus and Art.subpictus mosquito larvae.展开更多
Subspace-based signal processing methods are fundamentally pre-trained Artificial Neural Networks(ANN)that provide the basic structure for numerous computer vision applications and explore the most promising Earth Obs...Subspace-based signal processing methods are fundamentally pre-trained Artificial Neural Networks(ANN)that provide the basic structure for numerous computer vision applications and explore the most promising Earth Observation Applications(EOA).This paper examines the fundamentals of subspacebased methods and explores the most promising algorithm for forecasting ionospheric signal delays,which was designed explicitly regarding signal and noise subspaces.The learning efficiency derived from the subspace-based components of Singular Spectrum Analysis(SSA)significantly influences the implementation of Linear Recurrent Formula(LRF)and ANN models.The proposed study introduces a novel enhancement to LRF and ANN methodologies for Global Positioning System(GPS)-Total Electron Content(TEC)forecasts based on SSA.The GPS-derived TEC at Bangalore(13.02°N and 77.57°E)location grid during sunspot cycle 25(2020)is considered for analysis.The SSA-LRF-ANN model demonstrates superior accuracy compared with the SSA-LRF,Autoregressive Moving Average(ARMA),and Holt-Winter(HW)models,achieving a correlation of 0.99,a Mean Absolute Error(MAE)of 0.55 TECU,a Mean Absolute Percentage Error(MAPE)of 7.06%,and a Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)of 0.75 TECU.Furthermore,the results and discussions section presents numerical illustrations that showcase the practical implementation of the SSA-LRF-ANN and its application.展开更多
Modifying the surface structures of g-C_(3)N_(4) through interfacial coupling with other semiconductors has been spotlighted as an efficient approach for improving photocatalytic efficiency.With the surge of S-scheme ...Modifying the surface structures of g-C_(3)N_(4) through interfacial coupling with other semiconductors has been spotlighted as an efficient approach for improving photocatalytic efficiency.With the surge of S-scheme heterojunctions,the research is intensified towards designing this kind of composite for energy-environmental-related applications.In this context,a new approach involving surface modifications of g-C_(3)N_(4) through Gd species and integrating with monoclinic-WO_(3) via a wet chemical approach to form S-scheme heterojunctions is investigated.The characterization results attested that the adopted protocol promotes the better dispersion of Gd species over the g-C_(3)N_(4) surface and rigidly integrates with WO_(3).The optical response of the composite spanned a significant portion of the visible region in the solar spec-trum.The computational studies and the findings of the Mott-Schottky plot collectively suggested that the position of band edges qualifies for the formation of S-scheme heterojunction.The results derived from photocurrent response measurements and photoluminescence technique attribute to the effective charge carrier separation in the heterostructure.The rate constant of Gd-g-C_(3)N_(4)/WO_(3) was 1.48×10^(-2) min^(-1) which was approximately 4.35 and 2.27 times greater than that of WO_(3)(0.34×10^(-2) min^(-1))and g-C_(3)N_(4)/WO_(3)(0.65×10^(-2) min^(-1))respectively.Furthermore,RhB degradation in the presence of scav-engers validated the participation of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals in the degradation mechanisms.This was possible only when the conduction band electrons of WO_(3) recombined with the valence band holes of Gd-modified g-C_(3)N_(4).The present work helps to understand the S-scheme heterojunction forma-tion between surface-modified g-C_(3)N_(4) and metal oxides and retain the involvement of energetic charge carriers in the desired redox reactions.展开更多
The multifunctional characteristics of barium zinc vanadate(BaZnV_(2)O_(7))nanoparticles(BZV NPs)were explored in this study,focusing on their photocatalytic activity,supercapacitor performance,and sensing abilities.X...The multifunctional characteristics of barium zinc vanadate(BaZnV_(2)O_(7))nanoparticles(BZV NPs)were explored in this study,focusing on their photocatalytic activity,supercapacitor performance,and sensing abilities.X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the crystallites were 40.3 nm in size,whereas ultraviolet visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy revealed an energy bandgap of 5.28 eV.Functional groups,elemental composition,and morphology were assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,energy-dispers-ive X-ray spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy,respectively.The photocatalytic efficiency of the BZV NPs was evaluated at various catalyst dosages,dye concentrations,and pH levels,for the degradation of acid black-52(AB-52)dye under UV light.Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge analyses were performed to determine the energy storage and cyclic stability of the BZV-NP-modified carbon paste electrode.In addition,a novel electrochemical sensor based on BZV was developed to accurately detect the concentration of biomolecules and chemical drugs.BZV nanoparticles exhibited remarkable photocatalytic dye degradation up to 80.4%,indicating their application in waste water treatment.The BZV-NP-modified carbon paste electrode exhibited a superior specific capacit-ance of 714.15 F·g−1 with excellent cycling stability over 1000 cycles.The electrodes efficiently detected biomolecules such as ascorbic acid and uric acid,chemical drugs including paracetamol and ibuprofen,and heavy metals such as mercury,cobalt,and cadmium in the concentration range of 1-5 mM.The limit of detection(LOD)was measured for all analytes,and the electrode exhibited high sensitivity.These multifunctional properties render BZV promising material for energy storage and environmental monitoring applications.展开更多
A wave forecasting system using FUNWAVE-TVD which is based on the fully nonlinear Boussinesq equations by Chen(2006)was developed to provide an accurate wave prediction in the Port of Busan,South Korea.This system is ...A wave forecasting system using FUNWAVE-TVD which is based on the fully nonlinear Boussinesq equations by Chen(2006)was developed to provide an accurate wave prediction in the Port of Busan,South Korea.This system is linked to the Korea Operational Oceanographic System(KOOS)developed by Park et al.(2015).The computational domain covers a region of 9.6 km×7.0 km with a grid size of 2 m in both directions,which is sufficient to resolve short waves and dominant sea states.The total number of grid points exceeds 16 millions,making the model computational expensive.To provide real-time forecasting,an interpolation method,which is based on pre-calculated results of FUNWAVE-TVD and SWAN forecasting results at the FUNWAVE-TVD offshore boundary,was used.A total of 45 cases were pre-calculated,which took 71 days on 924 computational cores of a Linux cluster system.Wind wave generation and propagation from the deep water were computed using the SWAN in KOOS.SWAN results provided a boundary condition for the FUNWAVE-TVD forecasting system.To verify the model,wave observations were conducted at three locations inside the port in a time period of more than 7 months.A model/model comparison between FUNWAVE-TVD and SWAN was also carried out.It is found that,FUNWAVE-TVD improves the forecasting results significantly compared to SWAN which underestimates wave heights in sheltered areas due to incorrect physical mechanism of wave diffraction,as well as large wave heights caused by wave reflections inside the port.展开更多
BACKGROUND Despite the improvement in the endoscopic hemostasis of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding(NVUGIB),rebleeding remains a major concern.AIM To assess the role of prophylactic transcatheter arterial ...BACKGROUND Despite the improvement in the endoscopic hemostasis of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding(NVUGIB),rebleeding remains a major concern.AIM To assess the role of prophylactic transcatheter arterial embolization(PTAE)added to successful hemostatic treatment among NVUGIB patients.METHODS We searched three databases from inception through October 19th,2020.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and observational cohort studies were eligible.Studies compared patients with NVUGIB receiving PTAE to those who did not get PTAE.Investigated outcomes were rebleeding,mortality,reintervention,need for surgery and transfusion,length of hospital(LOH),and intensive care unit(ICU)stay.In the quantitative synthesis,odds ratios(ORs)and weighted mean differences(WMDs)were calculated with the random-effects model and interpreted with 95%confidence intervals(CIs).RESULTS We included a total of 3 RCTs and 9 observational studies with a total of 1329 patients,with 486 in the intervention group.PTAE was associated with lower odds of rebleeding(OR=0.48,95%CI:0.29–0.78).There was no difference in the 30-d mortality rates(OR=0.82,95%CI:0.39–1.72)between the PTAE and control groups.Patients who underwent PTAE treatment had a lower chance for reintervention(OR=0.48,95%CI:0.31–0.76)or rescue surgery(OR=0.35,95%CI:0.14–0.92).The LOH and ICU stay was shorter in the PTAE group,but the difference was non-significant[WMD=-3.77,95%CI:(-8.00)–0.45;WMD=-1.33,95%CI:(-2.84)–0.18,respectively].CONCLUSION PTAE is associated with lower odds of rebleeding and any reintervention in NVUGIB.However,further RCTs are needed to have a higher level of evidence.展开更多
Walled-off pancreatic necrosis and a pancreatic abscess are the most severe complications of acute pancreatitis. Surgery in such critically ill patients is often associated with significant morbidity and mortality wit...Walled-off pancreatic necrosis and a pancreatic abscess are the most severe complications of acute pancreatitis. Surgery in such critically ill patients is often associated with significant morbidity and mortality within the first few weeks after the onset of symptoms. Minimal invasive approaches with high success and low mortality rates are therefore of considerable interest. Endoscopic therapy has the potential to offer safe and effective alternative treatment. We report here on 3 consecutive patients with infected walled-off pancreatic necrosis and 1 patient with a pancreatic abscess who underwent direct endoscopic necrosectomy 19-21 d after the onset of acute pancreatitis. The infected pancreatic necrosis or abscess was punctured transluminally with a cystostome and, after balloon dilatation, a non-covered self-expanding biliary metal stent was placed into the necrotic cavity. Following stent deployment, a nasobiliary pigtail catheter was placed into the cavity to ensure continuous irrigation. After 5-7 d, the metal stent was removed endoscopically and the necrotic cavity was entered with a therapeutic gastroscope. Endoscopic debridement was performed via the simultaneous application of a high-flow water-jet system; using a flush knife, a Dormia basket, and hot biopsy forceps. The transluminal endotherapy was repeated 2-5 times daily during the next 10 d. Supportive care included parenteral antibiotics and jejunal feeding. All patients improved dramatically and with resolution of their septic conditions; 3 patients were completely cured without any further complications or the need for surgery. One patient died from a complication of prolonged ventilation severe bilateral pneumonia, not related to the endoscopic procedure. No procedure related complications were observed. Transluminal endoscopic necrosectomy with temporary application of a self-expanding metal stent and a high-flow water-jet system shows promise for enhancing the potential of this endoscopic approach in patients with walled-off pancreatic necrosis and/or a pancreatic abscess.展开更多
AIM： To characterize functional biliary pain and other gastrointestinal （GI） symptoms in postcholecystectomy syndrome （PCS） patients with and without sphincter of Oddi dysfunction （SOD） proved by endoscopic sph...AIM： To characterize functional biliary pain and other gastrointestinal （GI） symptoms in postcholecystectomy syndrome （PCS） patients with and without sphincter of Oddi dysfunction （SOD） proved by endoscopic sphincter of Oddi manometry （ESOM）, and to assess the postendoscopic sphincterotomy （EST） outcome. METHODS： We prospectively investigated 85 cholecystectomized patients referred for ERCP because of PCS and suspected SOD. On admission, all patients completed our questionnaire. Physical examination, laboratory tests, abdominal ultrasound, quantitative hepatobiliary scintigraphy （QHBS）, and ERCP were performed in all patients. Based on clinical and ERCP findings 15 patients had unexpected bile duct stone disease and 15 patients had SOD biliary type Ⅰ. ESOM demonstrated an elevated basal pressure in 25 patients with SOD biliary-type Ⅲ. In the remaining 30 cholecystectomized patients without SOD, the liver function tests, ERCP, QHBS and ESOM were all normal. As a control group, 30 ‘asymptomatic＇ cholecystectomized volunteers （attended to our hospital for general cardiovascular screening） completed our questionnaire, which is consisted of 50 separate questions on GI symptoms and abdominal pain characteristics. Severity of the abdominal pain （frequency and intensity） was assessed with a visual analogue scale （VAS）. In 40 of 80 patients having definite SOD （i.e. patients with SOD biliary type Ⅰ and those with elevated SO basal pressure on ESOM）, an EST was performed just afl：er ERCP. In these patients repeated questionnaires were filled at each follow-up visit （at 3 and 6 too） and a second look QHBS was performed 3 mo after the EST to assess the functional response to EST. RESULTS： The analysis of characteristics of the abdominal pain demonstrated that patients with common bile duct stone and definite SOD had a significantly higher score of symptomatic agreement with previously determined biliary-like pain features than patient groups of PCS without SOD and controls. In contrary, no significant differences were found when the pain severity scores were compared in different groups of PCS patients. In patients with definite SOD, EST induced a significant acceleration of the transpapillary bile flow; and based on the comparison of VASs obtained from the pre-and post-EST questionnaires, the severity scores of abdominal pain were significantly improved, however, only 15 of 35 （43%） patients became completely pain free. Post-EST severity of abdominal pain by VASs was significantly higher in patients with predominant dyspepsia at initial presentation as compared to those without dyspeptic symptoms. CONCLUSION： Persistent GI symptoms and general patient dissatisfaction is a rather common finding after EST in patients with SOD, and correlated with the presence of predominant dyspeptic symptoms at the initial presentation, but does not depend on the technical and functional success of EST.展开更多
At present time when climate change has negative effect on soil moisture and can decrease significantly the productivity, good agricultural practises have a high importance via their direct influence on soil propertie...At present time when climate change has negative effect on soil moisture and can decrease significantly the productivity, good agricultural practises have a high importance via their direct influence on soil properties, regimes and biodiversity. Objectives of this study have been focused on the assessment of good agricultural practises in different soil cultivation types: conventional, minimum till, mulch, no-till and organic farming. Method used was based on two case study areas where organic and/or minimal farming systems have been applied. As a control, we chose soil with traditional cultivation. In organic farm, we evaluated earthworms;their amount and status and in farm with different types of cultivation we evaluated the microbial activity to assess the biodiversity conditions. Basic soil properties and soil structure have been set to be able to assess the influence of good agricultural practises on soil environment. Our study shows positive effect of these practises on soil moisture content, biodiversity and soil structure stability. These findings can be used for further studies determining the ways of soil cultivation in harmony with nature—in sustainable way.展开更多
BACKGROUND While capsule endoscopy(CE)is the gold standard diagnostic method of detecting small bowel(SB)diseases and disorders,a novel magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy(MCCE)system provides non-invasive evalu...BACKGROUND While capsule endoscopy(CE)is the gold standard diagnostic method of detecting small bowel(SB)diseases and disorders,a novel magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy(MCCE)system provides non-invasive evaluation of the gastric mucosal surface,which can be performed without sedation or discomfort.During standard SBCE,passive movement of the CE may cause areas of the complex anatomy of the gastric mucosa to remain unexplored,whereas the precision of MCCE capsule movements inside the stomach promises better visualization of the entire mucosa.AIM To evaluate the Ankon MCCE system’s feasibility,safety,and diagnostic yield in patients with gastric or SB disorders.METHODS Of outpatients who were referred for SBCE,284(male/female:149/135)were prospectively enrolled and evaluated by MCCE.The stomach was examined in the supine,left,and right lateral decubitus positions without sedation.Next,all patients underwent a complete SBCE study protocol.The gastric mucosa was explored with the Ankon MCCE system with active magnetic control of the capsule endoscope in the stomach,applying three standardized pre-programmed computerized algorithms in combination with manual control of the magnetic movements.RESULTS The urea breath test revealed Helicobacter pylori positivity in 32.7%of patients.The mean gastric and SB transit times with MCCE were 0 h 47 min 40 s and 3 h 46 min 22 s,respectively.The average total time of upper gastrointestinal MCCE examination was 5 h 48 min 35 s.Active magnetic movement of the Ankon capsule through the pylorus was successful in 41.9%of patients.Overall diagnostic yield for detecting abnormalities in the stomach and SB was 81.9%(68.6%minor;13.3%major pathologies);25.8%of abnormalities were in the SB;74.2%were in the stomach.The diagnostic yield for stomach/SB was 55.9%/12.7%for minor and 4.9%/8.4%for major pathologies.CONCLUSION MCCE is a feasible,safe diagnostic method for evaluating gastric mucosal lesions and is a promising non-invasive screening tool to decrease morbidity and mortality in upper gastrointestinal diseases.展开更多
The aim of this paper was to describe functional biliary syndromes and methods for evaluation of the biliary tract in these patients. Functional biliary symptoms can be defined as biliary symptoms without demonstrable...The aim of this paper was to describe functional biliary syndromes and methods for evaluation of the biliary tract in these patients. Functional biliary symptoms can be defined as biliary symptoms without demonstrable organic substrate. Two main syndromes exist： Gallbladder dysfunction and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. The most important investigative tools are cholescintigraphy and endoscopic sphincter of Oddi manometry. In gallbladder dysfunction a scintigraphic gallbladder ejection fraction below 35% can select patients who will benefit from cholecystectomy. Endoscopic sphincter of Oddi manometry is considered the gold standard in sphincter of Oddi dysfunction but recent development in scintigraphic methods is about to change this. Thus, calculation of hilum-to-duodenum transit time and duodenal appearance time on cholescintigraphy have proven useful in these patients. In conclusion, ambient methods can diagnose functional biliary syndromes. However, there are still a number of issues where further knowledge is needed. Probably the next step forward will be in the area of sensory testing and impedance planimetric methods.展开更多
This work aims to study the springback behaviour of electrogalvanised (EG) steel sheets during the air bending process.Experiments have been conducted to analyse the influence of various parameters such as coating thi...This work aims to study the springback behaviour of electrogalvanised (EG) steel sheets during the air bending process.Experiments have been conducted to analyse the influence of various parameters such as coating thickness,orientation of the sheet,punch radius,die radius,die opening,punch velocity,and punch travel on springback behaviour.It is established that the springback increases with increasing coating thickness,punch radius,punch travel,die radius,die opening,and punch velocity.The 90° orientation exhibits higher springback than 0° orientation.展开更多
Aerospace structures can be approximately modeled as a combination of canonical structures such as cylinder,cone and ellipsoid.Thus the RCS estimation of such canonical structures is of prime interest.Furthermore meta...Aerospace structures can be approximately modeled as a combination of canonical structures such as cylinder,cone and ellipsoid.Thus the RCS estimation of such canonical structures is of prime interest.Furthermore metamaterials possess peculiar electromagnetic properties which can be useful in modifying the RCS of structures.This paper is aimed at calculating the RCS of an infinitely long PEC circular cylinder coated with one or two layers of metamaterial.The incident and scattered fields of coated cylinder are expressed in terms of series summation of Bessel and Hankel functions.The unknown coefficients of summation are obtained by applying appropriate boundary conditions.The computations are carried out for both principal polarizations.The computed results are validated against the numerical-based method of moments.Further,the variation of RCS of the metamaterial coated PEC cylinder with material parameters,frequency,aspect angle and polarization is analyzed.展开更多
Al-7075 alloy-base matrix, reinforced with mixtures of silicon carbide (SiC) and boron carbide (B4C) particles, know as hybrid composites have been fabricated by stir casting technique (liquid metallurgy route) and op...Al-7075 alloy-base matrix, reinforced with mixtures of silicon carbide (SiC) and boron carbide (B4C) particles, know as hybrid composites have been fabricated by stir casting technique (liquid metallurgy route) and optimized at different parameters like sliding speed, applied load, sliding time, and percentage of reinforcement by Taguchi method. The specimens were examined by Rockwell hardness test machine, Pin on Disc, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Optical Microscope. A plan of experiment generated through Taguchi’s technique is used to conduct experiments based on L27 orthogonal array. The developed ANOVA and the regression equations were used to find the optimum wear as well as co-efficient of friction under the influence of sliding speed, applied load, sliding time and percentage of reinforcement. The dry sliding wear resistance was analyzed on the basis of “smaller the best”. Finally, confirmation tests were carried out to verify the experimental results.展开更多
AIM： To establish whether there are fundamental differences in the biochemistries of adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction （GEJ） and the squamous cell carcinomas of the lower third of the esophagus （LTE...AIM： To establish whether there are fundamental differences in the biochemistries of adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction （GEJ） and the squamous cell carcinomas of the lower third of the esophagus （LTE）. METHODS： Between February 1, 1997 and February 1, 2000, we obtained tissue samples at the moment of resection from 54 patients for biochemical analysis. The full set of data could be comprehensively analyzed in 47 of 54 patients＇ samples （81%）. Of these, 29 were adenocarcinomas of the GEJ Siewert type Ⅰ （n = 8）, type Ⅱ （n = 12）, type Ⅲ （n = 9）, and 18 presented as squamous cell carcinomas of the LTE. We evaluated the mean values of 11-lysosomal enzyme and 1-cytosol protease activities of the tumorous and surrounding mucosae as well as their relative activities, measured as the ratio of activity in tumor and normal tissues from the same patient. These data were further analyzed to establish the correlation with tumor localization, TNM stage （lymph-node involvement）, histological type （papillary, signet-ring cell, tubular）, state of differentiation （good, moderate, poor）, and survival （≤24 or ≥24 mo）. RESULTS： In adenocarcinomas, the activity of α-mannosidase （AMAN）, cathepsin B （CB） and dipeptidyl-peptidase Ⅰ （DPP Ⅰ） increased significantly as compared to the normal gastric mucosa. In squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus, we also found a significant difference in the activity of cathepsin L and tripeptidyl-peptidase Ⅰ in addition to these three. There was a statistical correlation of AMAN, CB, and DPP Ⅰ activity between the level of differentiation of adenocarcinomas of the GEJ and lymph node involvement,because tumors with no lymph node metastases histologically confirmed as well-differentiated, showed a significantly lower activity. The differences in CB and DPP Ⅰ activity correlated well with the differences in survival rates, since the CB and DPP Ⅰ values of those who died within 24 mo following surgical intervention were significantly higher than of those who survived for 2 years or more. CONCLUSION： Adenocarcinomas of the GEJ form a homogenous group from a tumor-biochemical aspect, and differ from the biochemical characteristics of squamous cell carcinomas of the LTE on many points. When adenocarcinomas of the GEJs are examined at the preoperative phase, the ratio of the performed AMAN, CB, and DPP Ⅰ enzymatic activity of the tissue sample from the tumor and adjacent intact mucosa within 2 cm of the tumor may have a prognostic value even in the preoperative examination period, and may indicate that ranking of these patients into the neo-adjuvant treatment group should be considered.展开更多
文摘Objective:To determine the larvicidal efficacy of different solvent leaf extract of Ficus benghalensis（F.benghalensis） against Culex tritaeniorhynchus（Cx.tritaeniorhynchus） and Anopheles subpictus（An.subpictus）.Methods:Twenty five early third instar larvae of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and An.subpictus were exposed to various concentrations and were assayed in the laboratory by using the protocol of WHO 2005.The larval mortality was observed after 24 h of treatment.Results:Among three solvent extracts tested the maximum efficacy was observed in the methanol extract.The LC<sub>50</sub> and LC<sub>90</sub> values of F.benghalensis against early third instar of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and An.subpictus were 100.88.159.76 ppm and 56.66.85.84 ppm.respectively. No mortality was observed in controls.The chi-square values were significant at P【0.05 level. Conclusions:From the results it can be concluded the crude extract of F.benghalensis was an excellent potential for controlling Cx.tritaeniorhynchus and Art.subpictus mosquito larvae.
文摘Subspace-based signal processing methods are fundamentally pre-trained Artificial Neural Networks(ANN)that provide the basic structure for numerous computer vision applications and explore the most promising Earth Observation Applications(EOA).This paper examines the fundamentals of subspacebased methods and explores the most promising algorithm for forecasting ionospheric signal delays,which was designed explicitly regarding signal and noise subspaces.The learning efficiency derived from the subspace-based components of Singular Spectrum Analysis(SSA)significantly influences the implementation of Linear Recurrent Formula(LRF)and ANN models.The proposed study introduces a novel enhancement to LRF and ANN methodologies for Global Positioning System(GPS)-Total Electron Content(TEC)forecasts based on SSA.The GPS-derived TEC at Bangalore(13.02°N and 77.57°E)location grid during sunspot cycle 25(2020)is considered for analysis.The SSA-LRF-ANN model demonstrates superior accuracy compared with the SSA-LRF,Autoregressive Moving Average(ARMA),and Holt-Winter(HW)models,achieving a correlation of 0.99,a Mean Absolute Error(MAE)of 0.55 TECU,a Mean Absolute Percentage Error(MAPE)of 7.06%,and a Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)of 0.75 TECU.Furthermore,the results and discussions section presents numerical illustrations that showcase the practical implementation of the SSA-LRF-ANN and its application.
基金Department of Chemistry,School of Applied Sciences,REVA University,Bangalore for providing seed money(RU:EST:CH:2022/20).
文摘Modifying the surface structures of g-C_(3)N_(4) through interfacial coupling with other semiconductors has been spotlighted as an efficient approach for improving photocatalytic efficiency.With the surge of S-scheme heterojunctions,the research is intensified towards designing this kind of composite for energy-environmental-related applications.In this context,a new approach involving surface modifications of g-C_(3)N_(4) through Gd species and integrating with monoclinic-WO_(3) via a wet chemical approach to form S-scheme heterojunctions is investigated.The characterization results attested that the adopted protocol promotes the better dispersion of Gd species over the g-C_(3)N_(4) surface and rigidly integrates with WO_(3).The optical response of the composite spanned a significant portion of the visible region in the solar spec-trum.The computational studies and the findings of the Mott-Schottky plot collectively suggested that the position of band edges qualifies for the formation of S-scheme heterojunction.The results derived from photocurrent response measurements and photoluminescence technique attribute to the effective charge carrier separation in the heterostructure.The rate constant of Gd-g-C_(3)N_(4)/WO_(3) was 1.48×10^(-2) min^(-1) which was approximately 4.35 and 2.27 times greater than that of WO_(3)(0.34×10^(-2) min^(-1))and g-C_(3)N_(4)/WO_(3)(0.65×10^(-2) min^(-1))respectively.Furthermore,RhB degradation in the presence of scav-engers validated the participation of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals in the degradation mechanisms.This was possible only when the conduction band electrons of WO_(3) recombined with the valence band holes of Gd-modified g-C_(3)N_(4).The present work helps to understand the S-scheme heterojunction forma-tion between surface-modified g-C_(3)N_(4) and metal oxides and retain the involvement of energetic charge carriers in the desired redox reactions.
基金fund provided by the Ongoing Research Funding program-Research Chairs(No.ORF-RC-2025-1609),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The multifunctional characteristics of barium zinc vanadate(BaZnV_(2)O_(7))nanoparticles(BZV NPs)were explored in this study,focusing on their photocatalytic activity,supercapacitor performance,and sensing abilities.X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the crystallites were 40.3 nm in size,whereas ultraviolet visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy revealed an energy bandgap of 5.28 eV.Functional groups,elemental composition,and morphology were assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,energy-dispers-ive X-ray spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy,respectively.The photocatalytic efficiency of the BZV NPs was evaluated at various catalyst dosages,dye concentrations,and pH levels,for the degradation of acid black-52(AB-52)dye under UV light.Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge analyses were performed to determine the energy storage and cyclic stability of the BZV-NP-modified carbon paste electrode.In addition,a novel electrochemical sensor based on BZV was developed to accurately detect the concentration of biomolecules and chemical drugs.BZV nanoparticles exhibited remarkable photocatalytic dye degradation up to 80.4%,indicating their application in waste water treatment.The BZV-NP-modified carbon paste electrode exhibited a superior specific capacit-ance of 714.15 F·g−1 with excellent cycling stability over 1000 cycles.The electrodes efficiently detected biomolecules such as ascorbic acid and uric acid,chemical drugs including paracetamol and ibuprofen,and heavy metals such as mercury,cobalt,and cadmium in the concentration range of 1-5 mM.The limit of detection(LOD)was measured for all analytes,and the electrode exhibited high sensitivity.These multifunctional properties render BZV promising material for energy storage and environmental monitoring applications.
基金The Project of Development on Technology for Offshore Waste Final Disposalthe Project of Investigation of Large Swell Waves and Rip Currents and Development of the Disaster Response System
文摘A wave forecasting system using FUNWAVE-TVD which is based on the fully nonlinear Boussinesq equations by Chen(2006)was developed to provide an accurate wave prediction in the Port of Busan,South Korea.This system is linked to the Korea Operational Oceanographic System(KOOS)developed by Park et al.(2015).The computational domain covers a region of 9.6 km×7.0 km with a grid size of 2 m in both directions,which is sufficient to resolve short waves and dominant sea states.The total number of grid points exceeds 16 millions,making the model computational expensive.To provide real-time forecasting,an interpolation method,which is based on pre-calculated results of FUNWAVE-TVD and SWAN forecasting results at the FUNWAVE-TVD offshore boundary,was used.A total of 45 cases were pre-calculated,which took 71 days on 924 computational cores of a Linux cluster system.Wind wave generation and propagation from the deep water were computed using the SWAN in KOOS.SWAN results provided a boundary condition for the FUNWAVE-TVD forecasting system.To verify the model,wave observations were conducted at three locations inside the port in a time period of more than 7 months.A model/model comparison between FUNWAVE-TVD and SWAN was also carried out.It is found that,FUNWAVE-TVD improves the forecasting results significantly compared to SWAN which underestimates wave heights in sheltered areas due to incorrect physical mechanism of wave diffraction,as well as large wave heights caused by wave reflections inside the port.
基金by Economic Development and Innovation Operative Programme Grant,No.GINOP 2.3.2-15-2016-00048 and No.GINOP-2.3.4-15-2020-00010Human Resources Development Operational Programme Grant,No.EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00006 and No.EFOP-3.6.1.-16-2016-00004.
文摘BACKGROUND Despite the improvement in the endoscopic hemostasis of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding(NVUGIB),rebleeding remains a major concern.AIM To assess the role of prophylactic transcatheter arterial embolization(PTAE)added to successful hemostatic treatment among NVUGIB patients.METHODS We searched three databases from inception through October 19th,2020.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and observational cohort studies were eligible.Studies compared patients with NVUGIB receiving PTAE to those who did not get PTAE.Investigated outcomes were rebleeding,mortality,reintervention,need for surgery and transfusion,length of hospital(LOH),and intensive care unit(ICU)stay.In the quantitative synthesis,odds ratios(ORs)and weighted mean differences(WMDs)were calculated with the random-effects model and interpreted with 95%confidence intervals(CIs).RESULTS We included a total of 3 RCTs and 9 observational studies with a total of 1329 patients,with 486 in the intervention group.PTAE was associated with lower odds of rebleeding(OR=0.48,95%CI:0.29–0.78).There was no difference in the 30-d mortality rates(OR=0.82,95%CI:0.39–1.72)between the PTAE and control groups.Patients who underwent PTAE treatment had a lower chance for reintervention(OR=0.48,95%CI:0.31–0.76)or rescue surgery(OR=0.35,95%CI:0.14–0.92).The LOH and ICU stay was shorter in the PTAE group,but the difference was non-significant[WMD=-3.77,95%CI:(-8.00)–0.45;WMD=-1.33,95%CI:(-2.84)–0.18,respectively].CONCLUSION PTAE is associated with lower odds of rebleeding and any reintervention in NVUGIB.However,further RCTs are needed to have a higher level of evidence.
文摘Walled-off pancreatic necrosis and a pancreatic abscess are the most severe complications of acute pancreatitis. Surgery in such critically ill patients is often associated with significant morbidity and mortality within the first few weeks after the onset of symptoms. Minimal invasive approaches with high success and low mortality rates are therefore of considerable interest. Endoscopic therapy has the potential to offer safe and effective alternative treatment. We report here on 3 consecutive patients with infected walled-off pancreatic necrosis and 1 patient with a pancreatic abscess who underwent direct endoscopic necrosectomy 19-21 d after the onset of acute pancreatitis. The infected pancreatic necrosis or abscess was punctured transluminally with a cystostome and, after balloon dilatation, a non-covered self-expanding biliary metal stent was placed into the necrotic cavity. Following stent deployment, a nasobiliary pigtail catheter was placed into the cavity to ensure continuous irrigation. After 5-7 d, the metal stent was removed endoscopically and the necrotic cavity was entered with a therapeutic gastroscope. Endoscopic debridement was performed via the simultaneous application of a high-flow water-jet system; using a flush knife, a Dormia basket, and hot biopsy forceps. The transluminal endotherapy was repeated 2-5 times daily during the next 10 d. Supportive care included parenteral antibiotics and jejunal feeding. All patients improved dramatically and with resolution of their septic conditions; 3 patients were completely cured without any further complications or the need for surgery. One patient died from a complication of prolonged ventilation severe bilateral pneumonia, not related to the endoscopic procedure. No procedure related complications were observed. Transluminal endoscopic necrosectomy with temporary application of a self-expanding metal stent and a high-flow water-jet system shows promise for enhancing the potential of this endoscopic approach in patients with walled-off pancreatic necrosis and/or a pancreatic abscess.
文摘AIM： To characterize functional biliary pain and other gastrointestinal （GI） symptoms in postcholecystectomy syndrome （PCS） patients with and without sphincter of Oddi dysfunction （SOD） proved by endoscopic sphincter of Oddi manometry （ESOM）, and to assess the postendoscopic sphincterotomy （EST） outcome. METHODS： We prospectively investigated 85 cholecystectomized patients referred for ERCP because of PCS and suspected SOD. On admission, all patients completed our questionnaire. Physical examination, laboratory tests, abdominal ultrasound, quantitative hepatobiliary scintigraphy （QHBS）, and ERCP were performed in all patients. Based on clinical and ERCP findings 15 patients had unexpected bile duct stone disease and 15 patients had SOD biliary type Ⅰ. ESOM demonstrated an elevated basal pressure in 25 patients with SOD biliary-type Ⅲ. In the remaining 30 cholecystectomized patients without SOD, the liver function tests, ERCP, QHBS and ESOM were all normal. As a control group, 30 ‘asymptomatic＇ cholecystectomized volunteers （attended to our hospital for general cardiovascular screening） completed our questionnaire, which is consisted of 50 separate questions on GI symptoms and abdominal pain characteristics. Severity of the abdominal pain （frequency and intensity） was assessed with a visual analogue scale （VAS）. In 40 of 80 patients having definite SOD （i.e. patients with SOD biliary type Ⅰ and those with elevated SO basal pressure on ESOM）, an EST was performed just afl：er ERCP. In these patients repeated questionnaires were filled at each follow-up visit （at 3 and 6 too） and a second look QHBS was performed 3 mo after the EST to assess the functional response to EST. RESULTS： The analysis of characteristics of the abdominal pain demonstrated that patients with common bile duct stone and definite SOD had a significantly higher score of symptomatic agreement with previously determined biliary-like pain features than patient groups of PCS without SOD and controls. In contrary, no significant differences were found when the pain severity scores were compared in different groups of PCS patients. In patients with definite SOD, EST induced a significant acceleration of the transpapillary bile flow; and based on the comparison of VASs obtained from the pre-and post-EST questionnaires, the severity scores of abdominal pain were significantly improved, however, only 15 of 35 （43%） patients became completely pain free. Post-EST severity of abdominal pain by VASs was significantly higher in patients with predominant dyspepsia at initial presentation as compared to those without dyspeptic symptoms. CONCLUSION： Persistent GI symptoms and general patient dissatisfaction is a rather common finding after EST in patients with SOD, and correlated with the presence of predominant dyspeptic symptoms at the initial presentation, but does not depend on the technical and functional success of EST.
文摘At present time when climate change has negative effect on soil moisture and can decrease significantly the productivity, good agricultural practises have a high importance via their direct influence on soil properties, regimes and biodiversity. Objectives of this study have been focused on the assessment of good agricultural practises in different soil cultivation types: conventional, minimum till, mulch, no-till and organic farming. Method used was based on two case study areas where organic and/or minimal farming systems have been applied. As a control, we chose soil with traditional cultivation. In organic farm, we evaluated earthworms;their amount and status and in farm with different types of cultivation we evaluated the microbial activity to assess the biodiversity conditions. Basic soil properties and soil structure have been set to be able to assess the influence of good agricultural practises on soil environment. Our study shows positive effect of these practises on soil moisture content, biodiversity and soil structure stability. These findings can be used for further studies determining the ways of soil cultivation in harmony with nature—in sustainable way.
基金This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the University of Szeged(registry No.5/17.04.26)registered in the trial registry:ClinicalTrials.gov(Identifier:NCT03234725).
文摘BACKGROUND While capsule endoscopy(CE)is the gold standard diagnostic method of detecting small bowel(SB)diseases and disorders,a novel magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy(MCCE)system provides non-invasive evaluation of the gastric mucosal surface,which can be performed without sedation or discomfort.During standard SBCE,passive movement of the CE may cause areas of the complex anatomy of the gastric mucosa to remain unexplored,whereas the precision of MCCE capsule movements inside the stomach promises better visualization of the entire mucosa.AIM To evaluate the Ankon MCCE system’s feasibility,safety,and diagnostic yield in patients with gastric or SB disorders.METHODS Of outpatients who were referred for SBCE,284(male/female:149/135)were prospectively enrolled and evaluated by MCCE.The stomach was examined in the supine,left,and right lateral decubitus positions without sedation.Next,all patients underwent a complete SBCE study protocol.The gastric mucosa was explored with the Ankon MCCE system with active magnetic control of the capsule endoscope in the stomach,applying three standardized pre-programmed computerized algorithms in combination with manual control of the magnetic movements.RESULTS The urea breath test revealed Helicobacter pylori positivity in 32.7%of patients.The mean gastric and SB transit times with MCCE were 0 h 47 min 40 s and 3 h 46 min 22 s,respectively.The average total time of upper gastrointestinal MCCE examination was 5 h 48 min 35 s.Active magnetic movement of the Ankon capsule through the pylorus was successful in 41.9%of patients.Overall diagnostic yield for detecting abnormalities in the stomach and SB was 81.9%(68.6%minor;13.3%major pathologies);25.8%of abnormalities were in the SB;74.2%were in the stomach.The diagnostic yield for stomach/SB was 55.9%/12.7%for minor and 4.9%/8.4%for major pathologies.CONCLUSION MCCE is a feasible,safe diagnostic method for evaluating gastric mucosal lesions and is a promising non-invasive screening tool to decrease morbidity and mortality in upper gastrointestinal diseases.
文摘The aim of this paper was to describe functional biliary syndromes and methods for evaluation of the biliary tract in these patients. Functional biliary symptoms can be defined as biliary symptoms without demonstrable organic substrate. Two main syndromes exist： Gallbladder dysfunction and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. The most important investigative tools are cholescintigraphy and endoscopic sphincter of Oddi manometry. In gallbladder dysfunction a scintigraphic gallbladder ejection fraction below 35% can select patients who will benefit from cholecystectomy. Endoscopic sphincter of Oddi manometry is considered the gold standard in sphincter of Oddi dysfunction but recent development in scintigraphic methods is about to change this. Thus, calculation of hilum-to-duodenum transit time and duodenal appearance time on cholescintigraphy have proven useful in these patients. In conclusion, ambient methods can diagnose functional biliary syndromes. However, there are still a number of issues where further knowledge is needed. Probably the next step forward will be in the area of sensory testing and impedance planimetric methods.
文摘This work aims to study the springback behaviour of electrogalvanised (EG) steel sheets during the air bending process.Experiments have been conducted to analyse the influence of various parameters such as coating thickness,orientation of the sheet,punch radius,die radius,die opening,punch velocity,and punch travel on springback behaviour.It is established that the springback increases with increasing coating thickness,punch radius,punch travel,die radius,die opening,and punch velocity.The 90° orientation exhibits higher springback than 0° orientation.
文摘Aerospace structures can be approximately modeled as a combination of canonical structures such as cylinder,cone and ellipsoid.Thus the RCS estimation of such canonical structures is of prime interest.Furthermore metamaterials possess peculiar electromagnetic properties which can be useful in modifying the RCS of structures.This paper is aimed at calculating the RCS of an infinitely long PEC circular cylinder coated with one or two layers of metamaterial.The incident and scattered fields of coated cylinder are expressed in terms of series summation of Bessel and Hankel functions.The unknown coefficients of summation are obtained by applying appropriate boundary conditions.The computations are carried out for both principal polarizations.The computed results are validated against the numerical-based method of moments.Further,the variation of RCS of the metamaterial coated PEC cylinder with material parameters,frequency,aspect angle and polarization is analyzed.
文摘Al-7075 alloy-base matrix, reinforced with mixtures of silicon carbide (SiC) and boron carbide (B4C) particles, know as hybrid composites have been fabricated by stir casting technique (liquid metallurgy route) and optimized at different parameters like sliding speed, applied load, sliding time, and percentage of reinforcement by Taguchi method. The specimens were examined by Rockwell hardness test machine, Pin on Disc, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Optical Microscope. A plan of experiment generated through Taguchi’s technique is used to conduct experiments based on L27 orthogonal array. The developed ANOVA and the regression equations were used to find the optimum wear as well as co-efficient of friction under the influence of sliding speed, applied load, sliding time and percentage of reinforcement. The dry sliding wear resistance was analyzed on the basis of “smaller the best”. Finally, confirmation tests were carried out to verify the experimental results.
文摘AIM： To establish whether there are fundamental differences in the biochemistries of adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction （GEJ） and the squamous cell carcinomas of the lower third of the esophagus （LTE）. METHODS： Between February 1, 1997 and February 1, 2000, we obtained tissue samples at the moment of resection from 54 patients for biochemical analysis. The full set of data could be comprehensively analyzed in 47 of 54 patients＇ samples （81%）. Of these, 29 were adenocarcinomas of the GEJ Siewert type Ⅰ （n = 8）, type Ⅱ （n = 12）, type Ⅲ （n = 9）, and 18 presented as squamous cell carcinomas of the LTE. We evaluated the mean values of 11-lysosomal enzyme and 1-cytosol protease activities of the tumorous and surrounding mucosae as well as their relative activities, measured as the ratio of activity in tumor and normal tissues from the same patient. These data were further analyzed to establish the correlation with tumor localization, TNM stage （lymph-node involvement）, histological type （papillary, signet-ring cell, tubular）, state of differentiation （good, moderate, poor）, and survival （≤24 or ≥24 mo）. RESULTS： In adenocarcinomas, the activity of α-mannosidase （AMAN）, cathepsin B （CB） and dipeptidyl-peptidase Ⅰ （DPP Ⅰ） increased significantly as compared to the normal gastric mucosa. In squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus, we also found a significant difference in the activity of cathepsin L and tripeptidyl-peptidase Ⅰ in addition to these three. There was a statistical correlation of AMAN, CB, and DPP Ⅰ activity between the level of differentiation of adenocarcinomas of the GEJ and lymph node involvement,because tumors with no lymph node metastases histologically confirmed as well-differentiated, showed a significantly lower activity. The differences in CB and DPP Ⅰ activity correlated well with the differences in survival rates, since the CB and DPP Ⅰ values of those who died within 24 mo following surgical intervention were significantly higher than of those who survived for 2 years or more. CONCLUSION： Adenocarcinomas of the GEJ form a homogenous group from a tumor-biochemical aspect, and differ from the biochemical characteristics of squamous cell carcinomas of the LTE on many points. When adenocarcinomas of the GEJs are examined at the preoperative phase, the ratio of the performed AMAN, CB, and DPP Ⅰ enzymatic activity of the tissue sample from the tumor and adjacent intact mucosa within 2 cm of the tumor may have a prognostic value even in the preoperative examination period, and may indicate that ranking of these patients into the neo-adjuvant treatment group should be considered.
