In the face of the unrelenting challenge posed by earthquakes-a natural hazard of unpredictable nature with a legacy of significant loss of life,destruction of infrastructure,and profound economic and social impacts-t...In the face of the unrelenting challenge posed by earthquakes-a natural hazard of unpredictable nature with a legacy of significant loss of life,destruction of infrastructure,and profound economic and social impacts-the scientific community has pursued advancements in earthquake early warning systems(EEWSs).These systems are vital for pre-emptive actions and decision-making that can save lives and safeguard critical infrastructure.This study proposes and validates a domain-informed deep learning-based EEWS called the hybrid earthquake early warning framework for estimating response spectra(HEWFERS),which represents a significant leap forward in the capabilities to predict ground shaking intensity in real-time,aligning with the United Nations’disaster risk reduction goals.HEWFERS ingeniously integrates a domain-informed variational autoencoder for physics-based latent variable(LV)extraction,a feed-forward neural network for on-site prediction,and Gaussian process regression for spatial prediction.Adopting explainable artificial intelligence-based Shapley explanations further elucidates the predictive mechanisms,ensuring stakeholder-informed decisions.By conducting an extensive analysis of the proposed framework under a large database of approximately 14000 recorded ground motions,this study offers insights into the potential of integrating machine learning with seismology to revolutionize earthquake preparedness and response,thus paving the way for a safer and more resilient future.展开更多
The term epigenetics refers to heritable changes not encoded by DNA. The organization of DNA into chromatin fibers affects gene expression in a heritable manner and is therefore one mechanism of epigenetic inheritance...The term epigenetics refers to heritable changes not encoded by DNA. The organization of DNA into chromatin fibers affects gene expression in a heritable manner and is therefore one mechanism of epigenetic inheritance. Large parts of eukaryotic genomes consist of constitutively highly condensed heterochromatin, important for maintaining genome integrity but also for silencing of genes within. Small RNA, together with factors typically associated with RNA interference （RNAi） targets homologous DNA sequences and recruits factors that modify the chromatin, com- monly resulting in formation of heterochromatin and silencing of target genes. The scope of this review is to provide an overview of the roles of small RNA and the RNAi components, Dicer, Argonaute and RNA dependent polymerases in epigenetic inheritance via heterochromatin formation, exemplified with pathways from unicellular eukaryotes, plants and animals.展开更多
Purpose: The purpose of this exploratory study is to provide modern local governments with potential use cases for their open data, in order to help inform related future policies and decision-making. The concrete con...Purpose: The purpose of this exploratory study is to provide modern local governments with potential use cases for their open data, in order to help inform related future policies and decision-making. The concrete context was that of the Vaxjo municipality located in southeastern Sweden.Design/methodology/approach: The methodology was two-fold: 1) a survey of potential end users(n=151) from a local university;and, 2) analysis of survey results using a theoretical model regarding local strategies for implementing open government data.Findings: Most datasets predicted to be useful were on: sustainability and environment;preschool and school;municipality and politics. The use context given is primarily research and development, informing policies and decision making;but also education, informing personal choices, informing citizens and creating services based on open data. Not the least, the need for educating target user groups on data literacy emerged. A tentative pattern comprising a technical perspective on open data and a social perspective on open government was identified. Research limitations: In line with available funding, the nature of the study was exploratory and implemented as an anonymous web-based survey of employees and students at the local university. Further research involving(qualitative) surveys with all stakeholders would allow for creating a more complete picture of the matter. Practical implications: The study determines potential use cases and use contexts for open government data, in order to help inform related future policies and decision-making.Originality/value: Modern local governments, and especially in Sweden, are faced with a challenge of how to make their data open, how to learn about which types of data will be most relevant for their end users and what will be different societal purposes. The paper contributes to knowledge that modern local governments can resort to when it comes to attitudes of local citizens to open government data in the context of an open government data perspective.展开更多
With the development of the Internet of Things(IoT),the massive data sharing between IoT devices improves the Quality of Service(QoS)and user experience in various IoT applications.However,data sharing may cause serio...With the development of the Internet of Things(IoT),the massive data sharing between IoT devices improves the Quality of Service(QoS)and user experience in various IoT applications.However,data sharing may cause serious privacy leakages to data providers.To address this problem,in this study,data sharing is realized through model sharing,based on which a secure data sharing mechanism,called BP2P-FL,is proposed using peer-to-peer federated learning with the privacy protection of data providers.In addition,by introducing the blockchain to the data sharing,every training process is recorded to ensure that data providers offer high-quality data.For further privacy protection,the differential privacy technology is used to disturb the global data sharing model.The experimental results show that BP2P-FL has high accuracy and feasibility in the data sharing of various IoT applications.展开更多
Clear and data-driven bioregionalizations can provide a framework to test hypotheses and base biodiversity conservation.Here we used occurrence and abundance data in combination with objective analytical methods to pr...Clear and data-driven bioregionalizations can provide a framework to test hypotheses and base biodiversity conservation.Here we used occurrence and abundance data in combination with objective analytical methods to propose two bioregionalization schemes for tree species of the Cerrado and the Pantanal in South America.We also evaluated the contribution of three sets of determinants of the occurrence-and abundance-based subregions.We compiled data on tree species composition from 894 local assemblages based on species occurrences,and from 658 local assemblages based on species abundances.We used an unconstrained community-level modelling approach and clustering techniques to identify and map tree subregions for the occurrence and the abundance data sets,separately.Hierarchical clustering analyses were conducted to investigate floristic affinities between the subregions and to map broader floristic regions.We used multinomial logistic regression models,deviance partitioning,and rank-sum tests to assess the main subregion correlates.We identified 18 occurrence-and four abundance-based subregions in the Cerrado-Pantanal.The hierarchical classifications grouped the occurrence-based subregions into nine floristic zones and abundance-based subregions into two broad floristic zones.Variation in subregions were explained mainly by environmental factors and spatial structure in both occurrence and abundance data sets.The occurrence-and abundance-based subregions are complementary approaches to disentangle macroecological patterns and to plan conservation efforts in the Cerrado and the Pantanal.Our findings based on occurrence data revealed more complex and interdigitated boundaries between subregions of tree species than previously reported.The environment,historical stability,and human effects act in a synergetic way on the distribution of the subregions.Finally,the relevance of contemporary environmental factors to the subregion patterns we found alert us to the profound impact global warming may have on the spatial organization of the Cerrado-Pantanal tree flora.展开更多
The present investigation is based on the results of a directionally solidified （DS） Sn-9 wt%Zn-2 wt%Cu alloy, including primary/secondary/tertiary dendrite arm spacings of the Sn-rich matrix, the morphologies of th...The present investigation is based on the results of a directionally solidified （DS） Sn-9 wt%Zn-2 wt%Cu alloy, including primary/secondary/tertiary dendrite arm spacings of the Sn-rich matrix, the morphologies of the eutectic mixture and the corresponding interphase spacing, the nature and proportion of the Cu-Zn intermetallic compound （IMC）. The main purpose is to establish interrelations of these microstructure features with experimental solidification thermal parameters, such as cooling rates and growth rates （v）, macrosegregation and hardness. Such interrelations are interesting for both industry and academy since they represent a tool permitting the preprogramming of final properties based on the design of the microstructure. In the case of Sn-Zn-Cu alloys, hardly anything is known about the combined effects of the length scale of the microstructure and fraction and distribution of the primary IMC on hardness. The alloy microstructure is composed of a β-Sn dendritic region, surrounded by a eutectic mixture of α-Zn and β-Sn phases and the γ-Cu5Zn8 IMC. The eutectic interphase spacing varies in the range 1.2-3.6 μm, with the α-Zn phase having a globular morphology for ν 〉 0.5 mm/s and a needle-like morphology for ν 〈 0.3 mm/s. A modified Hall-Petch-type experimental expression relating hardness to the interphase spacing is proposed.展开更多
Understanding the effects of disturbance on seed rain is critical to predict changes in forest species composition and diversity.Logging effects on seed rain in a mixed conifer-hardwood forest complex in southern Braz...Understanding the effects of disturbance on seed rain is critical to predict changes in forest species composition and diversity.Logging effects on seed rain in a mixed conifer-hardwood forest complex in southern Brazil were evaluated.One year of seed rain data were collected from a large-scale observational experiment in logged and protected forests and quantity and average seed size weighted by species abundance(CWM)were compared between old-growth and logged stands 55 years after logging activities.Using these data,variations in frequency of functional groups of species in the seed rain were examined to see if they could be attributed to logging.Results show that the number of seeds per trap was highly right-skewed,ranging from 13 to 12,788 seeds per trap in one year.Seed rain was affected by logging history,with seed traps in old-growth plots receiving significantly less seeds than traps in logged plots.All species included mean seed size weighted by species abundance were significantly smaller in logged than in old-growth forests.This difference persisted after the exclusion of Arawcaria a large-seeded pioneer which was intensively logged,although the difference of seed size between the two forest classes was greatly reduced.Species abundance in the seed rain differed significantly from the established tree community,between logged and oldgrowth stands.The composition of the seed rain was much more variable than the composition of the established tree community and its points more scattered over the ordination space than the points corresponding to the protected forests.The number of collected seeds across different functional groups of species significantly differed between logged and old-growth plots.The seed rain of logged forests reflects their arrested succes sion as indicated by reduced abundance of functional groups such as pioneers,large seeded pioneers and A raucaria,as well as reduced functional diversity.S eed rain differences between logged and old-growth stands reflect the intensive logging of A.angustifolia.展开更多
This work was done at the experimental station of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-arid Region （UFERSA） in Mossoró, Brazil. This work aimed to evaluate the surface temperature of the bees and heat trans...This work was done at the experimental station of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-arid Region （UFERSA） in Mossoró, Brazil. This work aimed to evaluate the surface temperature of the bees and heat transfer between body regions of Africanized honeybees （Apis mellifera L.） in hives under sun and shade conditions in the northeastern semi-arid region of Brazil. Twelve colonies of Africanized honeybees housed in Langstroth hives were used. The body surface temperature of the bees was measured using a mini infrared thermometer （Fluke model 62）. The climatological data were obtained through a meteorological station. The comparison of means was performed by the Tukey-Kramer test （p 〈 0.01）, and data analysis using the Statistical Analysis System software. The body temperatures of the bees are not homogeneous and fluctuate throughout the day, in accordance with the environmental variations. The temperature of the thorax is generally higher, followed by the head and abdomen. The head and the abdomen are parts of the body for which the excess temperature of the thorax is transferred, with the head being the main one. The bees that were in the shade, managed to keep their body temperatures at relatively normal levels, while the bees that were in the sun, had a considered increase of its surface body temperatures higher than 2 °C, being necessary the activation of mechanisms of heat loss, and consequently there is a deviation of energy that could be used for other activities within the colony.展开更多
The genus Geastrum Pers.has cosmopolitan distribution and can be found in humid,arid or semi-arid climates.Geastrum hyalinum is a new species found in the Brazilian Southern Amazon in the Rio Ronuro Ecological Station...The genus Geastrum Pers.has cosmopolitan distribution and can be found in humid,arid or semi-arid climates.Geastrum hyalinum is a new species found in the Brazilian Southern Amazon in the Rio Ronuro Ecological Station.This new species can be recognized by its hyaline microscopic structures,such as peridium hyphae,capillitium and spores;indeed,this character is unusual for the genus Geastrum.Description,discussion and photographs of this new taxon are given.展开更多
We use the excellent sediment recovery of International Ocean Discovery Program(IODP)Exp.363,in the Western Pacific Warm Pool(WPWP)to assess down-core variations in the abundance of warm versus cool benthic foraminife...We use the excellent sediment recovery of International Ocean Discovery Program(IODP)Exp.363,in the Western Pacific Warm Pool(WPWP)to assess down-core variations in the abundance of warm versus cool benthic foraminiferal species through a warm benthic foraminifers(WBF)curve.The total percentage of the“warm”shallower species group(Laticarinina pauperata,Cibicidoides kullenbergi,C.robertsonianus,Cibicidoides sp.,Hoeglundina elegans,and Bulimina aculeata)and of the“cool”species group from deep waters(Pyrgo murrhina,Planulina wuellerstorfi,Uvigerina peregrina,and Globobulimina hoeglundi,Hopkinsina pacifica)at all sites is used to assess paleo temporal and spatial variations in preservation and marine temperature.Our study sites span water depths ranging from 875 m to 3421 m and our results indicate that well-preserved living and fossil foraminifera characterize mudline and core sediments at all water depths attesting the wide environmental tolerance of these species to temperature and pressure.Using magneto-and biostratigraphy datum,these sediments are of Oligocene age.Our low-resolution study showed that with the exception of core 1486B which the linear tendency of warmer species is toward cool sediments in old times,all of them show that older sediments indicate warmer periods than today,which is expected from Miocene to Recent.Our results provide evidence for the preservation potential of deeply buried sediments,which has implications on climate reconstructions based on the population dynamics of calcareous benthic foraminifera.展开更多
Basidiomata of a Phallus species were found near bamboo trees in the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden.This species was described as new to science and was named as Phallus fluminensis based on morphological characteris...Basidiomata of a Phallus species were found near bamboo trees in the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden.This species was described as new to science and was named as Phallus fluminensis based on morphological characteristics.A detailed description,color images of microstructures and basidiomata of P.fluminensis,a comparison of P.fluminensis with its morphologically closely related taxa and a key to the genus Phallus in Brazil are given.A comparative analysis of P.glutinolens collections from the type locality was also made.展开更多
Accurate prediction of electricity price(EP)is crucial for energy utilities and gridoperators for enhancing the energy trading,grid stability studies,resource allocationsand pricing strategies,thereby improving the ov...Accurate prediction of electricity price(EP)is crucial for energy utilities and gridoperators for enhancing the energy trading,grid stability studies,resource allocationsand pricing strategies,thereby improving the overall grid reliability,efficiency,and cost-effectiveness.This study introduces a novel D3Net model for half-hourly EP prediction,integrating Seasonal-Trend decomposition using LOESS(STL)and Variational ModeDecomposition(VMD)with Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP),Random Forest Regression(RFR),and Tabular Neural Network(TabNet).The methodology involves applying STL tothe EP time-series to extract trend,seasonal,and residual components.The trend ispredicted using an MLP model,the seasonal component is further decomposed withVMD into 20 Variational Mode Functions(VMFs)and predicted using an RFR model,andthe residual component is decomposed with VMD and predicted using the TabNet model.Input features are identified using the Partial Autocorrelation Function,and models areoptimized using the Optuna algorithm.The final prediction combines the trend,seasonal,and residual components'predictions.Explainable Artificial Intelligence(xAI)methodswere used to enhance model interpretability and trustworthiness,with optimization viathe Optuna algorithm.Comparative analysis with seven standalone and seven decomposition-based models confirmed the superior performance and statisticalsignificance of the D3Net model.The D3Net achieved the highest global performanceindicator for South Australia(GPI≈11.068)and Tasmania(GPI≈12.206).Theseresults validate the efficacy and statistical significance of the D3Net model,demonstrating the viability of integrating STL and VMD decomposition approaches withMLP,RFR,and TabNet for EP prediction.展开更多
The United Nations passed two important resolutions,Transforming our World:The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Paris Agreement,in 2015 to change our world.The 17 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)were...The United Nations passed two important resolutions,Transforming our World:The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Paris Agreement,in 2015 to change our world.The 17 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)were adopted as the core of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,which set out a 15-year plan to achieve the goals.展开更多
The increase in wood and wood-based products in the construction and furniture sectors has grown exponentially,generating severe environmental and socioeconomic impacts.Particleboard panels have been the main cost-ben...The increase in wood and wood-based products in the construction and furniture sectors has grown exponentially,generating severe environmental and socioeconomic impacts.Particleboard panels have been the main cost-benefit option on the market due to their lightness and lower cost compared to solid wood.However,the synthetic adhesives used in producing traditional particleboard panels cause serious harm to human health.Developing particleboard panels with fibrous waste and natural adhesives could be a sustainable alternative for these sectors.The work aimed to create particleboards with fibrous wastes from the pseudostem of the banana tree(Musa paradisiaca)and different proportions of the natural adhesive cassava starch-CS in replacement of synthetic adhesive urea-formaldehyde-UF.Five experimental groups were manufactured with banana trees and different percentages of UF and CS adhesives,namely(100UF–0%CS),(50%UF–50%CS),(30%UF–70%CS),(10%UF–90%CS)and(0%UF–100%CS).The particleboards had their physical-mechanical properties determined.The apparent density values did not show significant variation between the assessed treatments.Regarding the water absorption and thickness swelling,the best performances were observed for the panels made without the addition of CS(100%UF).For the mechanical properties of static bending strength and Janka hardness,it was identified that adding up to 50%CS did not interfere with the quality of the panels.These analyses show that the particleboard panels produced with wastes of the banana tree bonded with natural CS adhesivemay be an economically viable and environmentally correct alternative,positively strengthening the development of sustainable strategies.展开更多
Due to its tolerance to water deficit and salinity,sorghum is considered a suitable crop for cultivation in regions affected by these stress conditions,enabling the efficient use of limited water resources.This study ...Due to its tolerance to water deficit and salinity,sorghum is considered a suitable crop for cultivation in regions affected by these stress conditions,enabling the efficient use of limited water resources.This study evaluated the resilience of the sweet sorghum cultivar BRS 506 under water deficit and salinity stress,focusing on water relations and yield performance in semiarid conditions.A randomized complete block design was employed in a 3×3 factorial arrangement with four replicates.Treatments consisted of three levels of irrigation water salinity(1.50,3.75,and 6.00 dS m^(-1))and three irrigation levels(50%,75%,and 100%of the estimated maximum crop evapotranspiration,ETc),corresponding to water deficits of 50%,25%,and 0%of ETc.Salinity stress resulted in similar electrolyte leakage in both years.In 2022,relative water content decreased with increasing salinity,whereas saturation deficit and water absorption capacity increased.The highest electrolyte leakage occurred under a 25%water deficit.In contrast,water-related physiological parameters in 2021 remained stable despite water deficits.Juice yield declined by 13.38%under the highest salinity level(6.00 dS m^(-1))compared with the lowest(1.50 dS m^(-1)).Under water deficit conditions,total yield,dry matter,stalk biomass,and juice yield were comparable between 0%and 25%water deficit,with significant reductions only at 50%.Overall,BRS 506 demonstrated resilience to salinity,maintaining cellular integrity.Despite adverse effects on plant water status at high salinity,total yield was unaffected.A 25%irrigation reduction resulted in only a 6.64%yield loss,indicating improved water use efficiency and highlighting the potential for sustainable cultivation of sweet sorghum in water-limited environments.展开更多
This paper addresses the evolution problem governed by the fractional sweeping process with prox-regular nonconvex constraints.The values of the moving set are time and state-dependent.The aim is to illustrate how a f...This paper addresses the evolution problem governed by the fractional sweeping process with prox-regular nonconvex constraints.The values of the moving set are time and state-dependent.The aim is to illustrate how a fixed point method can establish an existence theorem for this fractional nonlinear evolution problem.By combining Schauder’s fixed point theorem with a well-posedness theorem when the set C is independent of the state u(i.e.C:=C(t),as presented in[22,23]),we prove the existence of a solution to our quasi-variational fractional sweeping process in infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces.Similar to the conventional state-dependent sweeping process,achieving this result requires a condition on the size of the Lipschitz constant of the moving set relative to the state.展开更多
Dear Editor,Environmental pollution from microplastics(MPs)has recently gained attention as a potential environmental hazard(Chia et al.,2021).Agricultural soils could contain more MPs than the ocean by 2050 because m...Dear Editor,Environmental pollution from microplastics(MPs)has recently gained attention as a potential environmental hazard(Chia et al.,2021).Agricultural soils could contain more MPs than the ocean by 2050 because more MPs enter the soil than the ocean(Nizzetto et al.,2016).The carbon(C)-C backbone of degradation-resistant MPs provides considerable stability in the soil,where they can remain for several decades(Iqbal et al.,2023).展开更多
基金the financial support from the Chilean National Research and Development Agency(Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo,ANID)through Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico(FONDECYT)Regular 1240503Fondo de Valorización de la Investigación(FOVI)230030 projectsthe financial support from the ANID through FONDECYT Reg-ular 1240501.
文摘In the face of the unrelenting challenge posed by earthquakes-a natural hazard of unpredictable nature with a legacy of significant loss of life,destruction of infrastructure,and profound economic and social impacts-the scientific community has pursued advancements in earthquake early warning systems(EEWSs).These systems are vital for pre-emptive actions and decision-making that can save lives and safeguard critical infrastructure.This study proposes and validates a domain-informed deep learning-based EEWS called the hybrid earthquake early warning framework for estimating response spectra(HEWFERS),which represents a significant leap forward in the capabilities to predict ground shaking intensity in real-time,aligning with the United Nations’disaster risk reduction goals.HEWFERS ingeniously integrates a domain-informed variational autoencoder for physics-based latent variable(LV)extraction,a feed-forward neural network for on-site prediction,and Gaussian process regression for spatial prediction.Adopting explainable artificial intelligence-based Shapley explanations further elucidates the predictive mechanisms,ensuring stakeholder-informed decisions.By conducting an extensive analysis of the proposed framework under a large database of approximately 14000 recorded ground motions,this study offers insights into the potential of integrating machine learning with seismology to revolutionize earthquake preparedness and response,thus paving the way for a safer and more resilient future.
文摘The term epigenetics refers to heritable changes not encoded by DNA. The organization of DNA into chromatin fibers affects gene expression in a heritable manner and is therefore one mechanism of epigenetic inheritance. Large parts of eukaryotic genomes consist of constitutively highly condensed heterochromatin, important for maintaining genome integrity but also for silencing of genes within. Small RNA, together with factors typically associated with RNA interference （RNAi） targets homologous DNA sequences and recruits factors that modify the chromatin, com- monly resulting in formation of heterochromatin and silencing of target genes. The scope of this review is to provide an overview of the roles of small RNA and the RNAi components, Dicer, Argonaute and RNA dependent polymerases in epigenetic inheritance via heterochromatin formation, exemplified with pathways from unicellular eukaryotes, plants and animals.
文摘Purpose: The purpose of this exploratory study is to provide modern local governments with potential use cases for their open data, in order to help inform related future policies and decision-making. The concrete context was that of the Vaxjo municipality located in southeastern Sweden.Design/methodology/approach: The methodology was two-fold: 1) a survey of potential end users(n=151) from a local university;and, 2) analysis of survey results using a theoretical model regarding local strategies for implementing open government data.Findings: Most datasets predicted to be useful were on: sustainability and environment;preschool and school;municipality and politics. The use context given is primarily research and development, informing policies and decision making;but also education, informing personal choices, informing citizens and creating services based on open data. Not the least, the need for educating target user groups on data literacy emerged. A tentative pattern comprising a technical perspective on open data and a social perspective on open government was identified. Research limitations: In line with available funding, the nature of the study was exploratory and implemented as an anonymous web-based survey of employees and students at the local university. Further research involving(qualitative) surveys with all stakeholders would allow for creating a more complete picture of the matter. Practical implications: The study determines potential use cases and use contexts for open government data, in order to help inform related future policies and decision-making.Originality/value: Modern local governments, and especially in Sweden, are faced with a challenge of how to make their data open, how to learn about which types of data will be most relevant for their end users and what will be different societal purposes. The paper contributes to knowledge that modern local governments can resort to when it comes to attitudes of local citizens to open government data in the context of an open government data perspective.
基金This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.U1905211 and 61702103Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province under Grant No.2020J01167 and 2020J01169.
文摘With the development of the Internet of Things(IoT),the massive data sharing between IoT devices improves the Quality of Service(QoS)and user experience in various IoT applications.However,data sharing may cause serious privacy leakages to data providers.To address this problem,in this study,data sharing is realized through model sharing,based on which a secure data sharing mechanism,called BP2P-FL,is proposed using peer-to-peer federated learning with the privacy protection of data providers.In addition,by introducing the blockchain to the data sharing,every training process is recorded to ensure that data providers offer high-quality data.For further privacy protection,the differential privacy technology is used to disturb the global data sharing model.The experimental results show that BP2P-FL has high accuracy and feasibility in the data sharing of various IoT applications.
基金This study was financed in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior-Brasil(CAPES)-Finance Code 001.
文摘Clear and data-driven bioregionalizations can provide a framework to test hypotheses and base biodiversity conservation.Here we used occurrence and abundance data in combination with objective analytical methods to propose two bioregionalization schemes for tree species of the Cerrado and the Pantanal in South America.We also evaluated the contribution of three sets of determinants of the occurrence-and abundance-based subregions.We compiled data on tree species composition from 894 local assemblages based on species occurrences,and from 658 local assemblages based on species abundances.We used an unconstrained community-level modelling approach and clustering techniques to identify and map tree subregions for the occurrence and the abundance data sets,separately.Hierarchical clustering analyses were conducted to investigate floristic affinities between the subregions and to map broader floristic regions.We used multinomial logistic regression models,deviance partitioning,and rank-sum tests to assess the main subregion correlates.We identified 18 occurrence-and four abundance-based subregions in the Cerrado-Pantanal.The hierarchical classifications grouped the occurrence-based subregions into nine floristic zones and abundance-based subregions into two broad floristic zones.Variation in subregions were explained mainly by environmental factors and spatial structure in both occurrence and abundance data sets.The occurrence-and abundance-based subregions are complementary approaches to disentangle macroecological patterns and to plan conservation efforts in the Cerrado and the Pantanal.Our findings based on occurrence data revealed more complex and interdigitated boundaries between subregions of tree species than previously reported.The environment,historical stability,and human effects act in a synergetic way on the distribution of the subregions.Finally,the relevance of contemporary environmental factors to the subregion patterns we found alert us to the profound impact global warming may have on the spatial organization of the Cerrado-Pantanal tree flora.
基金financial support provided by FAPESP(So Paulo Research Foundation,Brazil:Grants 2013/08259-3 and 2015/11863-5)CNPq
文摘The present investigation is based on the results of a directionally solidified （DS） Sn-9 wt%Zn-2 wt%Cu alloy, including primary/secondary/tertiary dendrite arm spacings of the Sn-rich matrix, the morphologies of the eutectic mixture and the corresponding interphase spacing, the nature and proportion of the Cu-Zn intermetallic compound （IMC）. The main purpose is to establish interrelations of these microstructure features with experimental solidification thermal parameters, such as cooling rates and growth rates （v）, macrosegregation and hardness. Such interrelations are interesting for both industry and academy since they represent a tool permitting the preprogramming of final properties based on the design of the microstructure. In the case of Sn-Zn-Cu alloys, hardly anything is known about the combined effects of the length scale of the microstructure and fraction and distribution of the primary IMC on hardness. The alloy microstructure is composed of a β-Sn dendritic region, surrounded by a eutectic mixture of α-Zn and β-Sn phases and the γ-Cu5Zn8 IMC. The eutectic interphase spacing varies in the range 1.2-3.6 μm, with the α-Zn phase having a globular morphology for ν 〉 0.5 mm/s and a needle-like morphology for ν 〈 0.3 mm/s. A modified Hall-Petch-type experimental expression relating hardness to the interphase spacing is proposed.
基金supported by the Brazilian National Council of Technological and Scientific Development(CNPq)through the"ProjetoEcológico de Longa Duração Conservação e Manejo Sustentávelde Ecossistemas Florestais—Bioma Araucária e suas Transições "(1999–2009)and through a Master degree scholarship to Angela Luciana de Avila。
文摘Understanding the effects of disturbance on seed rain is critical to predict changes in forest species composition and diversity.Logging effects on seed rain in a mixed conifer-hardwood forest complex in southern Brazil were evaluated.One year of seed rain data were collected from a large-scale observational experiment in logged and protected forests and quantity and average seed size weighted by species abundance(CWM)were compared between old-growth and logged stands 55 years after logging activities.Using these data,variations in frequency of functional groups of species in the seed rain were examined to see if they could be attributed to logging.Results show that the number of seeds per trap was highly right-skewed,ranging from 13 to 12,788 seeds per trap in one year.Seed rain was affected by logging history,with seed traps in old-growth plots receiving significantly less seeds than traps in logged plots.All species included mean seed size weighted by species abundance were significantly smaller in logged than in old-growth forests.This difference persisted after the exclusion of Arawcaria a large-seeded pioneer which was intensively logged,although the difference of seed size between the two forest classes was greatly reduced.Species abundance in the seed rain differed significantly from the established tree community,between logged and oldgrowth stands.The composition of the seed rain was much more variable than the composition of the established tree community and its points more scattered over the ordination space than the points corresponding to the protected forests.The number of collected seeds across different functional groups of species significantly differed between logged and old-growth plots.The seed rain of logged forests reflects their arrested succes sion as indicated by reduced abundance of functional groups such as pioneers,large seeded pioneers and A raucaria,as well as reduced functional diversity.S eed rain differences between logged and old-growth stands reflect the intensive logging of A.angustifolia.
文摘This work was done at the experimental station of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-arid Region （UFERSA） in Mossoró, Brazil. This work aimed to evaluate the surface temperature of the bees and heat transfer between body regions of Africanized honeybees （Apis mellifera L.） in hives under sun and shade conditions in the northeastern semi-arid region of Brazil. Twelve colonies of Africanized honeybees housed in Langstroth hives were used. The body surface temperature of the bees was measured using a mini infrared thermometer （Fluke model 62）. The climatological data were obtained through a meteorological station. The comparison of means was performed by the Tukey-Kramer test （p 〈 0.01）, and data analysis using the Statistical Analysis System software. The body temperatures of the bees are not homogeneous and fluctuate throughout the day, in accordance with the environmental variations. The temperature of the thorax is generally higher, followed by the head and abdomen. The head and the abdomen are parts of the body for which the excess temperature of the thorax is transferred, with the head being the main one. The bees that were in the shade, managed to keep their body temperatures at relatively normal levels, while the bees that were in the sun, had a considered increase of its surface body temperatures higher than 2 °C, being necessary the activation of mechanisms of heat loss, and consequently there is a deviation of energy that could be used for other activities within the colony.
文摘The genus Geastrum Pers.has cosmopolitan distribution and can be found in humid,arid or semi-arid climates.Geastrum hyalinum is a new species found in the Brazilian Southern Amazon in the Rio Ronuro Ecological Station.This new species can be recognized by its hyaline microscopic structures,such as peridium hyphae,capillitium and spores;indeed,this character is unusual for the genus Geastrum.Description,discussion and photographs of this new taxon are given.
基金We are thankful for the Project Geohazards and Tectonics(CAPES Grant 88887.091714/2014-01,IODP Program)Research was also supported by IODP/CAPES Brazil fellowship granted to PE to go aboard the Research Vessel Joides Resolution in 2016.This research would not have been conduct without funding from Ciências do Mar II(CAPES Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior)through the Project Processos oceanográficos na quebra da plataforma continental do nordeste brasileiro:fundamentos científicos para o planejamento espacial marinho(n°43/2013,23038.004320/2014-11)through for the Post-Doc Fellowship for Eichler at the Moss Landing Marine Laboratories of the San Jose State University(MLML/SJSU)+1 种基金at the Ocean Sciences Department of the University of California at Santa Cruz(UCSC)(grants Nº88887.305531/2018-00,Nº88881.188496/2018-01)We are also grateful for the International Ocean Discovery Program(IODP)in the Texas A&M University(USA)(Grant Nº9999.000098/2017-05)and to the Technical Support to Strengthen National Palaeontology(Apoio Técnico para Fortalecimento da Paleontologia Nacional,Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia MCTI/National Research Council CNPq Nº23/2011,Nº552976/2011-3)for funding opportunity.We are grateful for the EcoLogicProject for the manuscript detailed editing.
文摘We use the excellent sediment recovery of International Ocean Discovery Program(IODP)Exp.363,in the Western Pacific Warm Pool(WPWP)to assess down-core variations in the abundance of warm versus cool benthic foraminiferal species through a warm benthic foraminifers(WBF)curve.The total percentage of the“warm”shallower species group(Laticarinina pauperata,Cibicidoides kullenbergi,C.robertsonianus,Cibicidoides sp.,Hoeglundina elegans,and Bulimina aculeata)and of the“cool”species group from deep waters(Pyrgo murrhina,Planulina wuellerstorfi,Uvigerina peregrina,and Globobulimina hoeglundi,Hopkinsina pacifica)at all sites is used to assess paleo temporal and spatial variations in preservation and marine temperature.Our study sites span water depths ranging from 875 m to 3421 m and our results indicate that well-preserved living and fossil foraminifera characterize mudline and core sediments at all water depths attesting the wide environmental tolerance of these species to temperature and pressure.Using magneto-and biostratigraphy datum,these sediments are of Oligocene age.Our low-resolution study showed that with the exception of core 1486B which the linear tendency of warmer species is toward cool sediments in old times,all of them show that older sediments indicate warmer periods than today,which is expected from Miocene to Recent.Our results provide evidence for the preservation potential of deeply buried sediments,which has implications on climate reconstructions based on the population dynamics of calcareous benthic foraminifera.
文摘Basidiomata of a Phallus species were found near bamboo trees in the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden.This species was described as new to science and was named as Phallus fluminensis based on morphological characteristics.A detailed description,color images of microstructures and basidiomata of P.fluminensis,a comparison of P.fluminensis with its morphologically closely related taxa and a key to the genus Phallus in Brazil are given.A comparative analysis of P.glutinolens collections from the type locality was also made.
文摘Accurate prediction of electricity price(EP)is crucial for energy utilities and gridoperators for enhancing the energy trading,grid stability studies,resource allocationsand pricing strategies,thereby improving the overall grid reliability,efficiency,and cost-effectiveness.This study introduces a novel D3Net model for half-hourly EP prediction,integrating Seasonal-Trend decomposition using LOESS(STL)and Variational ModeDecomposition(VMD)with Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP),Random Forest Regression(RFR),and Tabular Neural Network(TabNet).The methodology involves applying STL tothe EP time-series to extract trend,seasonal,and residual components.The trend ispredicted using an MLP model,the seasonal component is further decomposed withVMD into 20 Variational Mode Functions(VMFs)and predicted using an RFR model,andthe residual component is decomposed with VMD and predicted using the TabNet model.Input features are identified using the Partial Autocorrelation Function,and models areoptimized using the Optuna algorithm.The final prediction combines the trend,seasonal,and residual components'predictions.Explainable Artificial Intelligence(xAI)methodswere used to enhance model interpretability and trustworthiness,with optimization viathe Optuna algorithm.Comparative analysis with seven standalone and seven decomposition-based models confirmed the superior performance and statisticalsignificance of the D3Net model.The D3Net achieved the highest global performanceindicator for South Australia(GPI≈11.068)and Tasmania(GPI≈12.206).Theseresults validate the efficacy and statistical significance of the D3Net model,demonstrating the viability of integrating STL and VMD decomposition approaches withMLP,RFR,and TabNet for EP prediction.
基金supported by the International ResearchCenter of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals(CBAS)(CBASYX0906)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant number XDA19090122)+1 种基金key scientific and technological research projects in the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(grant number 2023AB074)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS under grant Y2022050.R.B.S.thankfully acknowledges a grant fromthe Swedish ResearchCouncil(Formas)(grant number 2022-02033).
文摘The United Nations passed two important resolutions,Transforming our World:The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Paris Agreement,in 2015 to change our world.The 17 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)were adopted as the core of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,which set out a 15-year plan to achieve the goals.
基金financed by“Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico”(CNPq)and“Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior”(CAPES)-Finance Code 001.
文摘The increase in wood and wood-based products in the construction and furniture sectors has grown exponentially,generating severe environmental and socioeconomic impacts.Particleboard panels have been the main cost-benefit option on the market due to their lightness and lower cost compared to solid wood.However,the synthetic adhesives used in producing traditional particleboard panels cause serious harm to human health.Developing particleboard panels with fibrous waste and natural adhesives could be a sustainable alternative for these sectors.The work aimed to create particleboards with fibrous wastes from the pseudostem of the banana tree(Musa paradisiaca)and different proportions of the natural adhesive cassava starch-CS in replacement of synthetic adhesive urea-formaldehyde-UF.Five experimental groups were manufactured with banana trees and different percentages of UF and CS adhesives,namely(100UF–0%CS),(50%UF–50%CS),(30%UF–70%CS),(10%UF–90%CS)and(0%UF–100%CS).The particleboards had their physical-mechanical properties determined.The apparent density values did not show significant variation between the assessed treatments.Regarding the water absorption and thickness swelling,the best performances were observed for the panels made without the addition of CS(100%UF).For the mechanical properties of static bending strength and Janka hardness,it was identified that adding up to 50%CS did not interfere with the quality of the panels.These analyses show that the particleboard panels produced with wastes of the banana tree bonded with natural CS adhesivemay be an economically viable and environmentally correct alternative,positively strengthening the development of sustainable strategies.
基金funded by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development,CNPq.Notice 01/2016 process(432.570/2016-0)Research Support Foundation of Rio Grande do Norte-FAPERN,Process No.:10910019.000263/2021-43.
文摘Due to its tolerance to water deficit and salinity,sorghum is considered a suitable crop for cultivation in regions affected by these stress conditions,enabling the efficient use of limited water resources.This study evaluated the resilience of the sweet sorghum cultivar BRS 506 under water deficit and salinity stress,focusing on water relations and yield performance in semiarid conditions.A randomized complete block design was employed in a 3×3 factorial arrangement with four replicates.Treatments consisted of three levels of irrigation water salinity(1.50,3.75,and 6.00 dS m^(-1))and three irrigation levels(50%,75%,and 100%of the estimated maximum crop evapotranspiration,ETc),corresponding to water deficits of 50%,25%,and 0%of ETc.Salinity stress resulted in similar electrolyte leakage in both years.In 2022,relative water content decreased with increasing salinity,whereas saturation deficit and water absorption capacity increased.The highest electrolyte leakage occurred under a 25%water deficit.In contrast,water-related physiological parameters in 2021 remained stable despite water deficits.Juice yield declined by 13.38%under the highest salinity level(6.00 dS m^(-1))compared with the lowest(1.50 dS m^(-1)).Under water deficit conditions,total yield,dry matter,stalk biomass,and juice yield were comparable between 0%and 25%water deficit,with significant reductions only at 50%.Overall,BRS 506 demonstrated resilience to salinity,maintaining cellular integrity.Despite adverse effects on plant water status at high salinity,total yield was unaffected.A 25%irrigation reduction resulted in only a 6.64%yield loss,indicating improved water use efficiency and highlighting the potential for sustainable cultivation of sweet sorghum in water-limited environments.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(2021GXNSFFA196004,2024GXNSFBA010337)the NNSF of China(12371312)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(CSTB2024NSCQ-JQX0033)supported by the project cooperation between Guangxi Normal University and Yulin Normal University.
文摘This paper addresses the evolution problem governed by the fractional sweeping process with prox-regular nonconvex constraints.The values of the moving set are time and state-dependent.The aim is to illustrate how a fixed point method can establish an existence theorem for this fractional nonlinear evolution problem.By combining Schauder’s fixed point theorem with a well-posedness theorem when the set C is independent of the state u(i.e.C:=C(t),as presented in[22,23]),we prove the existence of a solution to our quasi-variational fractional sweeping process in infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces.Similar to the conventional state-dependent sweeping process,achieving this result requires a condition on the size of the Lipschitz constant of the moving set relative to the state.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42207353 and 42277408)the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province of China(BE2021378)+1 种基金Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Independent Innovation Fund of China(CX(21)-1009)the Earmarked Fund of China Agriculture Research System(CARS-10-Sweetpotato)。
文摘Dear Editor,Environmental pollution from microplastics(MPs)has recently gained attention as a potential environmental hazard(Chia et al.,2021).Agricultural soils could contain more MPs than the ocean by 2050 because more MPs enter the soil than the ocean(Nizzetto et al.,2016).The carbon(C)-C backbone of degradation-resistant MPs provides considerable stability in the soil,where they can remain for several decades(Iqbal et al.,2023).
