The Green Corridor in the lower reaches of the Tarim River is not only a unique natural landscape in desert but also an important passageway. Nowadays, the ecologic environment of the corridor is getting worse and wor...The Green Corridor in the lower reaches of the Tarim River is not only a unique natural landscape in desert but also an important passageway. Nowadays, the ecologic environment of the corridor is getting worse and worse due to man’s economic activities and the lack of knowledge of the importance of the environment, which is one of is the three environment problems in Xinjiang. The corridor is in great need of planning and managing.展开更多
Urbanization research is essential for the sustainable use of regional land resources and ecological environment protection.The expansion process and driving factors of urban construction land at different scales in t...Urbanization research is essential for the sustainable use of regional land resources and ecological environment protection.The expansion process and driving factors of urban construction land at different scales in the middle reaches of the Yellow River(MRYR)have not been comprehensively elucidated.In this study,we explored the distribution pattern of urban construction land on different slope gradients at different scales and analyzed its influencing factors.The main findings were as follows:(1)There has been significant expansion of urban construction land in the MRYR over the past 20 years.Spatial heterogeneity was observed in the regional urban construction land expansion process among different geomorphic regions.(2)The urban construction land in the MRYR was expanded vertically to areas with slopes of>5°,particularly in 2005–2010.Significant slope climbing of urban construction land was observed in the loess hilly-gully and rocky mountain areas.(3)In MRYR,68.45%of the counties were categorized as the slope-climbing types,including 37.38%high-slope-climbing types.(4)The regional population density and economic development level were closely associated with regional urban construction land area variability.(5)The climbing process of regional urban construction can effectively alleviate farmland encroachment and pressure on the regional ecological environment.The urban expansion of the metropolitan distribution areas in the Plain region(such as Xi'an,Taiyuan)had a relatively significant impact on the local carbon storage.展开更多
Ecological experiment was conducted in this paper to study the allometric growth in Squaliobarbus curriculus larvae and juveniles from Zhaoqing Reach of the Pearl River. The results showed that after first feeding, th...Ecological experiment was conducted in this paper to study the allometric growth in Squaliobarbus curriculus larvae and juveniles from Zhaoqing Reach of the Pearl River. The results showed that after first feeding, the organs associated to swimming, feeling and feeding of larvae differentiated rapidly, and exhibited allometric growth. The head length, tail length and head height exhibited positive allometric growth, while trunk length exhibited negative allometric growth before reaching the growth inflexion point 20 d after first feeding, and positive allometric growth after the inflection point. Body height exhibited positive allometric growth both before and after the growth inflexion point at 18 d after first feeding. The inflexion points of snout length, eye diameter and post-eye head length occurred 23, 19 and 16 d after first feeding. For swimming organs, the dorsal fin, pelvic fins and anal fin exhibited positive allometric growth both before and after the inflexion point at 18, 19 and 17 d after first feeding; but the tail fin exhibited positive allometric growth before the inflexion point at 14 d after first feeding, and negative allometric growth after the inflexion point. S. curriculus larvae can possess various abilities soon after first feeding to survive at early stage due to the rapid development of swimming, feeling, feeding and other organs, which has important ecological significance to adapt to the complex external environment.展开更多
倒伏是限制长江流域直播油菜高产稳产的关键因素之一,水稻秸秆还田后,氮肥运筹通过碳氮代谢和茎秆结构影响油菜抗倒性能。本研究采用裂区设计,以华油杂62为材料,基于稻-油轮作定位试验,研究秸秆管理耦合氮肥运筹对高密度直播油菜抗倒性...倒伏是限制长江流域直播油菜高产稳产的关键因素之一,水稻秸秆还田后,氮肥运筹通过碳氮代谢和茎秆结构影响油菜抗倒性能。本研究采用裂区设计,以华油杂62为材料,基于稻-油轮作定位试验,研究秸秆管理耦合氮肥运筹对高密度直播油菜抗倒性的影响。以秸秆还田处理为主区(R0为秸秆不还田, R1为全量还田),以氮肥运筹为副区, CK为240 kg hm^(-2)的常规施氮量及基肥∶苗肥∶薹肥∶花肥=6∶4∶0∶0, N1、N2、N3、N4均为减氮20%,但基肥∶苗肥∶薹肥∶花肥分别为10∶0∶0∶0、6∶4∶0∶0、6∶2∶2∶0和6∶2∶0∶2,研究不同处理对成熟期油菜茎秆细胞壁成分、茎秆硅钙含量及花期茎秆显微结构等指标的影响。结果表明,相较于秸秆不还田,秸秆还田后,油菜成熟期地上部鲜重增加29.1%,茎秆抗折力增加23.3%,茎秆纤维素、总木质素、果胶、硅、钙含量分别显著(P<0.05)增加了26.3%、3.4%、30.6%、45.0%和9.5%,茎秆强度和韧性显著增强,但油菜株高、地上部鲜重的增幅大于茎秆抗折力增幅,导致倒伏指数平均增加了7.9%。合理的氮肥运筹可提高茎秆质量,从而降低倒伏指数。秸秆还田下N3处理使田间实际倒伏角度较常规施氮处理降低2.6%,茎秆抗折力增加15.2%,倒伏指数降低10.2%,优于其他处理。其机理是该处理显著增加了茎秆纤维素、果胶和钙含量及花期茎秆皮层厚度、表皮厚度、维管束长、横截面积、维管束数目以及维管束面积,显微结构排列更加合理,抗倒性显著增强。因此,在长江流域水稻秸秆还田和油菜高密直播条件下,以全生育期施氮192 kg hm^(-2)(基肥∶苗肥∶薹肥=6∶2∶2)为推荐施肥方案,可以减少氮肥投入,增强茎秆的抗倒伏能力,提高机械收获效率,实现高产抗倒协同的目标。展开更多
为探究节水灌溉以及品种类型对再生稻产量和稻米品质的影响,2023年在湖北蕲春和浠水开展大田试验。以3个节水抗旱稻品种(旱优8200、旱优116和旱优73)和3个优质稻品种(箴两优郢香丝苗、荃优粤农丝苗和荃优607)为供试材料,以湖北省再生稻...为探究节水灌溉以及品种类型对再生稻产量和稻米品质的影响,2023年在湖北蕲春和浠水开展大田试验。以3个节水抗旱稻品种(旱优8200、旱优116和旱优73)和3个优质稻品种(箴两优郢香丝苗、荃优粤农丝苗和荃优607)为供试材料,以湖北省再生稻大面积种植的普通水稻品种(两优6326)为对照,设置常规灌溉和节水灌溉2种水分管理方式,分析再生稻模式下不同品种产量和稻米品质对水分管理的响应差异。结果表明,相较于常规灌溉,节水灌溉处理使头季和再生季灌水量分别平均减少76%和85%,但产量和稻米的加工、外观和蒸煮食味品质在水分处理间无显著差异,且这一结果在不同试验地点间保持一致。这表明,与常规灌溉相比,节水抗旱稻和优质稻品种在节水灌溉条件下均能保持较为稳定的头季和再生季产量和稻米品质。优质稻头季和再生季产量分别为8.54 t hm^(-2)和5.88 t hm^(-2),相较于普通水稻产量差异不显著;但头季和再生季整精米率分别显著提高13.5个百分点和20.6个百分点,垩白粒率和垩白度分别显著降低22.6个百分点和6.4个百分点、10.8个百分点和1.8个百分点。节水抗旱稻在头季的产量以及稻米加工、外观和蒸煮食味品质方面与普通水稻无显著差异,但在再生季,产量显著下降17%,整精米率显著提高17.0个百分点,垩白粒率和垩白度分别降低5.5个百分点和1.0个百分点。在同一品种类型中,再生稻产量和稻米品质存在显著的品种间差异。相关性分析表明,再生季稻米的加工、外观和蒸煮食味品质指标均与头季相应指标呈正相关。因此,在降水条件较好的地区,结合优良水稻品种,实施“以雨养为主、关键生育期适时灌溉”的节水灌溉策略,可有效降低水分消耗、提升水分利用效率,同时实现再生稻的高产与优质目标。展开更多
为揭示长江中游冬油菜主要气象因子及重要农艺性状对产量形成的影响机制,本研究以北纬30°为界,系统比较分析该纬度线南北两侧冬油菜生态适应性与产量主导因子的异同,旨在为优化区域品种选育与精准栽培管理提供理论依据与实践指导...为揭示长江中游冬油菜主要气象因子及重要农艺性状对产量形成的影响机制,本研究以北纬30°为界,系统比较分析该纬度线南北两侧冬油菜生态适应性与产量主导因子的异同,旨在为优化区域品种选育与精准栽培管理提供理论依据与实践指导。本研究选取2006—2007、2009—2010、2016—2017和2019—2020等4个气候条件差异显著、涵盖典型油菜生长季节气候类型(温暖干燥、偏冷湿润、气候波动强)的年份,作为代表性试验年度,在北纬30°以北与北纬30°以南共6个国家冬油菜区域试验站点,收集全部参试品种的重要农艺性状,并结合气象数据,通过多元统计方法,解析区域气象因子差异及其对产量的影响、重要农艺性状的差异及其与产量的协同关系。结果表明,北纬30°以北地区冬季气温更低、昼夜温差更大、降水量相对较少、日照时数前期较少后期较多;而北纬30°以南地区则相对温暖但后期多雨寡照,两地区气候差异显著。北纬30°以北地区平均产量比北纬30°以南地区高779.1 kg hm^(-2)(P<0.01),北纬30°以北地区单株产量和角果数显著高于北纬30°以南地区,但病害压力较大。逐步回归分析显示,北纬30°以北地区产量主要受4月份降水等因素影响;而北纬30°以南地区则主要受12月份日照时数和3月份降水量影响。北纬30°以北地区产量主要由单株产量和每角粒数直接决定;而北纬30°以南地区则更依赖单株产量与千粒重的协同作用,同时需控制分枝数与千粒重的负向效应。广适性品系0112、9ZYYP27、科乐油4号在南北两区均表现优异;而品系华68P25、渝华7号、越优577等则表现出明显的地域专适性。长江中游北纬30°两侧冬油菜生态区在气候资源、产量构成及主导性状上存在显著分化,区域光温水格局显著影响产量形成机制。北纬30°以北地区应注重苗期光照利用与后期排涝,优选耐渍、抗菌核病强、单株产量高、粒数粒重兼优的品种;北纬30°以南地区则应重视中后期光照利用,注意选育高光效、耐渍、单株产量高、粒数多、含油量高品种。建议构建“广适性+专适性”相结合的区域化品种推广体系,协同推进精准育种与高效栽培,以实现长江中游冬油菜高产、稳产与绿色可持续发展。展开更多
Nondestructive measurement technology of phenotype can provide substantial phenotypic data support for applications such as seedling breeding,management,and quality testing.The current method of measuring seedling phe...Nondestructive measurement technology of phenotype can provide substantial phenotypic data support for applications such as seedling breeding,management,and quality testing.The current method of measuring seedling phenotypes mainly relies on manual measurement which is inefficient,subjective and destroys samples.Therefore,the paper proposes a nondestructive measurement method for the canopy phenotype of the watermelon plug seedlings based on deep learning.The Azure Kinect was used to shoot canopy color images,depth images,and RGB-D images of the watermelon plug seedlings.The Mask-RCNN network was used to classify,segment,and count the canopy leaves of the watermelon plug seedlings.To reduce the error of leaf area measurement caused by mutual occlusion of leaves,the leaves were repaired by CycleGAN,and the depth images were restored by image processing.Then,the Delaunay triangulation was adopted to measure the leaf area in the leaf point cloud.The YOLOX target detection network was used to identify the growing point position of each seedling on the plug tray.Then the depth differences between the growing point and the upper surface of the plug tray were calculated to obtain plant height.The experiment results show that the nondestructive measurement algorithm proposed in this paper achieves good measurement performance for the watermelon plug seedlings from the 1 true-leaf to 3 true-leaf stages.The average relative error of measurement is 2.33%for the number of true leaves,4.59%for the number of cotyledons,8.37%for the leaf area,and 3.27%for the plant height.The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm in this paper provides an effective solution for the nondestructive measurement of the canopy phenotype of the plug seedlings.展开更多
文摘The Green Corridor in the lower reaches of the Tarim River is not only a unique natural landscape in desert but also an important passageway. Nowadays, the ecologic environment of the corridor is getting worse and worse due to man’s economic activities and the lack of knowledge of the importance of the environment, which is one of is the three environment problems in Xinjiang. The corridor is in great need of planning and managing.
基金supported by Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province[Grant No.202303021221154]the Project of Shanxi Province Graduate Education and Teaching Reform[2022YJJG48]。
文摘Urbanization research is essential for the sustainable use of regional land resources and ecological environment protection.The expansion process and driving factors of urban construction land at different scales in the middle reaches of the Yellow River(MRYR)have not been comprehensively elucidated.In this study,we explored the distribution pattern of urban construction land on different slope gradients at different scales and analyzed its influencing factors.The main findings were as follows:(1)There has been significant expansion of urban construction land in the MRYR over the past 20 years.Spatial heterogeneity was observed in the regional urban construction land expansion process among different geomorphic regions.(2)The urban construction land in the MRYR was expanded vertically to areas with slopes of>5°,particularly in 2005–2010.Significant slope climbing of urban construction land was observed in the loess hilly-gully and rocky mountain areas.(3)In MRYR,68.45%of the counties were categorized as the slope-climbing types,including 37.38%high-slope-climbing types.(4)The regional population density and economic development level were closely associated with regional urban construction land area variability.(5)The climbing process of regional urban construction can effectively alleviate farmland encroachment and pressure on the regional ecological environment.The urban expansion of the metropolitan distribution areas in the Plain region(such as Xi'an,Taiyuan)had a relatively significant impact on the local carbon storage.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201303048)Major Program of Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(013GXNSFEA053003)
文摘Ecological experiment was conducted in this paper to study the allometric growth in Squaliobarbus curriculus larvae and juveniles from Zhaoqing Reach of the Pearl River. The results showed that after first feeding, the organs associated to swimming, feeling and feeding of larvae differentiated rapidly, and exhibited allometric growth. The head length, tail length and head height exhibited positive allometric growth, while trunk length exhibited negative allometric growth before reaching the growth inflexion point 20 d after first feeding, and positive allometric growth after the inflection point. Body height exhibited positive allometric growth both before and after the growth inflexion point at 18 d after first feeding. The inflexion points of snout length, eye diameter and post-eye head length occurred 23, 19 and 16 d after first feeding. For swimming organs, the dorsal fin, pelvic fins and anal fin exhibited positive allometric growth both before and after the inflexion point at 18, 19 and 17 d after first feeding; but the tail fin exhibited positive allometric growth before the inflexion point at 14 d after first feeding, and negative allometric growth after the inflexion point. S. curriculus larvae can possess various abilities soon after first feeding to survive at early stage due to the rapid development of swimming, feeling, feeding and other organs, which has important ecological significance to adapt to the complex external environment.
文摘倒伏是限制长江流域直播油菜高产稳产的关键因素之一,水稻秸秆还田后,氮肥运筹通过碳氮代谢和茎秆结构影响油菜抗倒性能。本研究采用裂区设计,以华油杂62为材料,基于稻-油轮作定位试验,研究秸秆管理耦合氮肥运筹对高密度直播油菜抗倒性的影响。以秸秆还田处理为主区(R0为秸秆不还田, R1为全量还田),以氮肥运筹为副区, CK为240 kg hm^(-2)的常规施氮量及基肥∶苗肥∶薹肥∶花肥=6∶4∶0∶0, N1、N2、N3、N4均为减氮20%,但基肥∶苗肥∶薹肥∶花肥分别为10∶0∶0∶0、6∶4∶0∶0、6∶2∶2∶0和6∶2∶0∶2,研究不同处理对成熟期油菜茎秆细胞壁成分、茎秆硅钙含量及花期茎秆显微结构等指标的影响。结果表明,相较于秸秆不还田,秸秆还田后,油菜成熟期地上部鲜重增加29.1%,茎秆抗折力增加23.3%,茎秆纤维素、总木质素、果胶、硅、钙含量分别显著(P<0.05)增加了26.3%、3.4%、30.6%、45.0%和9.5%,茎秆强度和韧性显著增强,但油菜株高、地上部鲜重的增幅大于茎秆抗折力增幅,导致倒伏指数平均增加了7.9%。合理的氮肥运筹可提高茎秆质量,从而降低倒伏指数。秸秆还田下N3处理使田间实际倒伏角度较常规施氮处理降低2.6%,茎秆抗折力增加15.2%,倒伏指数降低10.2%,优于其他处理。其机理是该处理显著增加了茎秆纤维素、果胶和钙含量及花期茎秆皮层厚度、表皮厚度、维管束长、横截面积、维管束数目以及维管束面积,显微结构排列更加合理,抗倒性显著增强。因此,在长江流域水稻秸秆还田和油菜高密直播条件下,以全生育期施氮192 kg hm^(-2)(基肥∶苗肥∶薹肥=6∶2∶2)为推荐施肥方案,可以减少氮肥投入,增强茎秆的抗倒伏能力,提高机械收获效率,实现高产抗倒协同的目标。
文摘为探究节水灌溉以及品种类型对再生稻产量和稻米品质的影响,2023年在湖北蕲春和浠水开展大田试验。以3个节水抗旱稻品种(旱优8200、旱优116和旱优73)和3个优质稻品种(箴两优郢香丝苗、荃优粤农丝苗和荃优607)为供试材料,以湖北省再生稻大面积种植的普通水稻品种(两优6326)为对照,设置常规灌溉和节水灌溉2种水分管理方式,分析再生稻模式下不同品种产量和稻米品质对水分管理的响应差异。结果表明,相较于常规灌溉,节水灌溉处理使头季和再生季灌水量分别平均减少76%和85%,但产量和稻米的加工、外观和蒸煮食味品质在水分处理间无显著差异,且这一结果在不同试验地点间保持一致。这表明,与常规灌溉相比,节水抗旱稻和优质稻品种在节水灌溉条件下均能保持较为稳定的头季和再生季产量和稻米品质。优质稻头季和再生季产量分别为8.54 t hm^(-2)和5.88 t hm^(-2),相较于普通水稻产量差异不显著;但头季和再生季整精米率分别显著提高13.5个百分点和20.6个百分点,垩白粒率和垩白度分别显著降低22.6个百分点和6.4个百分点、10.8个百分点和1.8个百分点。节水抗旱稻在头季的产量以及稻米加工、外观和蒸煮食味品质方面与普通水稻无显著差异,但在再生季,产量显著下降17%,整精米率显著提高17.0个百分点,垩白粒率和垩白度分别降低5.5个百分点和1.0个百分点。在同一品种类型中,再生稻产量和稻米品质存在显著的品种间差异。相关性分析表明,再生季稻米的加工、外观和蒸煮食味品质指标均与头季相应指标呈正相关。因此,在降水条件较好的地区,结合优良水稻品种,实施“以雨养为主、关键生育期适时灌溉”的节水灌溉策略,可有效降低水分消耗、提升水分利用效率,同时实现再生稻的高产与优质目标。
文摘为揭示长江中游冬油菜主要气象因子及重要农艺性状对产量形成的影响机制,本研究以北纬30°为界,系统比较分析该纬度线南北两侧冬油菜生态适应性与产量主导因子的异同,旨在为优化区域品种选育与精准栽培管理提供理论依据与实践指导。本研究选取2006—2007、2009—2010、2016—2017和2019—2020等4个气候条件差异显著、涵盖典型油菜生长季节气候类型(温暖干燥、偏冷湿润、气候波动强)的年份,作为代表性试验年度,在北纬30°以北与北纬30°以南共6个国家冬油菜区域试验站点,收集全部参试品种的重要农艺性状,并结合气象数据,通过多元统计方法,解析区域气象因子差异及其对产量的影响、重要农艺性状的差异及其与产量的协同关系。结果表明,北纬30°以北地区冬季气温更低、昼夜温差更大、降水量相对较少、日照时数前期较少后期较多;而北纬30°以南地区则相对温暖但后期多雨寡照,两地区气候差异显著。北纬30°以北地区平均产量比北纬30°以南地区高779.1 kg hm^(-2)(P<0.01),北纬30°以北地区单株产量和角果数显著高于北纬30°以南地区,但病害压力较大。逐步回归分析显示,北纬30°以北地区产量主要受4月份降水等因素影响;而北纬30°以南地区则主要受12月份日照时数和3月份降水量影响。北纬30°以北地区产量主要由单株产量和每角粒数直接决定;而北纬30°以南地区则更依赖单株产量与千粒重的协同作用,同时需控制分枝数与千粒重的负向效应。广适性品系0112、9ZYYP27、科乐油4号在南北两区均表现优异;而品系华68P25、渝华7号、越优577等则表现出明显的地域专适性。长江中游北纬30°两侧冬油菜生态区在气候资源、产量构成及主导性状上存在显著分化,区域光温水格局显著影响产量形成机制。北纬30°以北地区应注重苗期光照利用与后期排涝,优选耐渍、抗菌核病强、单株产量高、粒数粒重兼优的品种;北纬30°以南地区则应重视中后期光照利用,注意选育高光效、耐渍、单株产量高、粒数多、含油量高品种。建议构建“广适性+专适性”相结合的区域化品种推广体系,协同推进精准育种与高效栽培,以实现长江中游冬油菜高产、稳产与绿色可持续发展。
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFD1001900)the HZAU-AGIS Cooperation Fund(Grant No.SZYJY2022006).
文摘Nondestructive measurement technology of phenotype can provide substantial phenotypic data support for applications such as seedling breeding,management,and quality testing.The current method of measuring seedling phenotypes mainly relies on manual measurement which is inefficient,subjective and destroys samples.Therefore,the paper proposes a nondestructive measurement method for the canopy phenotype of the watermelon plug seedlings based on deep learning.The Azure Kinect was used to shoot canopy color images,depth images,and RGB-D images of the watermelon plug seedlings.The Mask-RCNN network was used to classify,segment,and count the canopy leaves of the watermelon plug seedlings.To reduce the error of leaf area measurement caused by mutual occlusion of leaves,the leaves were repaired by CycleGAN,and the depth images were restored by image processing.Then,the Delaunay triangulation was adopted to measure the leaf area in the leaf point cloud.The YOLOX target detection network was used to identify the growing point position of each seedling on the plug tray.Then the depth differences between the growing point and the upper surface of the plug tray were calculated to obtain plant height.The experiment results show that the nondestructive measurement algorithm proposed in this paper achieves good measurement performance for the watermelon plug seedlings from the 1 true-leaf to 3 true-leaf stages.The average relative error of measurement is 2.33%for the number of true leaves,4.59%for the number of cotyledons,8.37%for the leaf area,and 3.27%for the plant height.The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm in this paper provides an effective solution for the nondestructive measurement of the canopy phenotype of the plug seedlings.
