BACKGROUND A diagnosis of a chronic disease has been shown to predispose patients to the development of feeding and eating disorders(FEDs).AIM To screen children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)for ...BACKGROUND A diagnosis of a chronic disease has been shown to predispose patients to the development of feeding and eating disorders(FEDs).AIM To screen children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)for FEDs and compare them to their counterparts with short stature.METHODS A total of 110 children and adolescents(55 with T1DM and 55 with short stature)were enrolled in the study.The SCOFF questionnaire was used to screen for possible FEDs,while anthropometric and dietary data were also collected.RESULTS Approximately 60%of the children with T1DM screened positive for FEDs compared to 30.9%of the children with short stature.Having a T1DM tripled the chances of screening positive for FEDs and halved the annual growth rate of children with T1DM.No differences were noted in the dietary intake between groups.CONCLUSION The results necessitate the education of pediatric endocrinologists and diabetologists on proper screening and identification of children at risk for developing FEDs.A prompt diagnosis might help children catch up growth and attain their genetically predisposed height.展开更多
A heart attack disrupts the normal flow of blood to the heart muscle,potentially causing severe damage or death if not treated promptly.It can lead to long-term health complications,reduce quality of life,and signific...A heart attack disrupts the normal flow of blood to the heart muscle,potentially causing severe damage or death if not treated promptly.It can lead to long-term health complications,reduce quality of life,and significantly impact daily activities and overall well-being.Despite the growing popularity of deep learning,several drawbacks persist,such as complexity and the limitation of single-model learning.In this paper,we introduce a residual learning-based feature fusion technique to achieve high accuracy in differentiating abnormal cardiac rhythms heart sound.Combining MobileNet with DenseNet201 for feature fusion leverages MobileNet lightweight,efficient architecture with DenseNet201,dense connections,resulting in enhanced feature extraction and improved model performance with reduced computational cost.To further enhance the fusion,we employed residual learning to optimize the hierarchical features of heart abnormal sounds during training.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed fusion method achieved an accuracy of 95.67%on the benchmark PhysioNet-2016 Spectrogram dataset.To further validate the performance,we applied it to the BreakHis dataset with a magnification level of 100X.The results indicate that the model maintains robust performance on the second dataset,achieving an accuracy of 96.55%.it highlights its consistent performance,making it a suitable for various applications.展开更多
In the realm of medical rarity,the convergence of infective endocarditis with the development of an aortic root abscess stands as a formidable challenge,often bearing a grim prognosis.Recognizing this perilous conditi...In the realm of medical rarity,the convergence of infective endocarditis with the development of an aortic root abscess stands as a formidable challenge,often bearing a grim prognosis.Recognizing this perilous condition requires a vigilant eye.Embolic events stemming from infective endocarditis can precipitate acute coronary syndrome,adding another layer of complexity to diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
Photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction to multi-carbon(C^(2+))products using solar energy is a promising route to carbon neutrality[1].Among these products,ethanol has attracted significant attention due to its high energy de...Photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction to multi-carbon(C^(2+))products using solar energy is a promising route to carbon neutrality[1].Among these products,ethanol has attracted significant attention due to its high energy density and convenient storage.However,achieving high selectivity for ethanol remains challenging because the reaction involves complex multi-electron transfer processes,and the ethanol pathway shares the same intermediate with the ethylene pathway,while the ethylene pathway has a thermodynamic advantage[2].This phenomenon makes it difficult to precisely control C-C coupling selectivity.展开更多
The significance of gut microbiota(GM)in human health is being increasingly researched.An imbalance in GM composition,known as dysbiosis,is linked to various and other health issues.In addition,antibiotics are the pri...The significance of gut microbiota(GM)in human health is being increasingly researched.An imbalance in GM composition,known as dysbiosis,is linked to various and other health issues.In addition,antibiotics are the primary and most significant factors leading to major changes in the composition and function of the GM,which may result in colonization by antimicrobial-resistant(AMR)pathogens.Therefore,alternative antibiotic strategies for combating AMR pathogens are urgently needed.This narrative review highlights current knowledge regarding various pertinent strategies for decolonizing bacterial pathogens from GM and emphasizes decolonization therapies’critical role in pediatric surgical disorders.Strategies such as decontamination of the digestive tract utilizing antibiotics,the use of probiotics,and particularly fecal microbiota transplantation have introduced new options for clinical treatment.These treatments show the potential to restore GM balance and have demonstrated advantages for intestinal disorders related to pediatric surgery,including inflammatory bowel disease,neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis,Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis,and short bowel syndrome.Despite GM therapeutics,recent strategies are still in their developmental phase and exhibit challenges that need further research.Thus,potential future directions for GMtargeted decolonization therapies are under consideration.Innovative alternative strategies to combat AMR though GM modulation in disorders related to pediatric surgery appear to be promising and should continue to be prioritized for further research and development.展开更多
Kounis syndrome(KS)is a rare but clinically significant condition characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of acute coronary syndrome(ACS)and allergic reactions,which can develop in patients with either normal or ...Kounis syndrome(KS)is a rare but clinically significant condition characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of acute coronary syndrome(ACS)and allergic reactions,which can develop in patients with either normal or diseased coronary arteries.[1,2]The condition is typically triggered by various allergens including medications(particularly contrast media),environmental factors,or food exposures,with symptom onset usually occurring within one hour of exposure.展开更多
Defect engineering significantly enhances electrocatalytic performance by modulating electronic structures and interfacial coordination,yet the dynamic correlation between defect evolution and catalytic activity durin...Defect engineering significantly enhances electrocatalytic performance by modulating electronic structures and interfacial coordination,yet the dynamic correlation between defect evolution and catalytic activity during reactions remains unclear.Herein,density functional theory(DFT)calculations first reveal the modulation of sulfur vacancy concentrations on Co_(9)S_(8)electronic structures,predicting that optimized vacancy concentrations enable highly efficient electrocatalytic water splitting.Experimentally fabricated Co_(9)S_(8)with appropriate sulfur vacancies exhibits superior bifunctional activity(HER:164 mV@_(η10);OER:297 mV@_(η100)).The MCS-assembled overall water splitting system demonstrates stable operation at 1.57 V(10 mA cm^(−2))for over 60 h.Experimental studies illustrate that sulfur vacancies preferentially adsorb OH^(−)during reactions,inducing the formation of CoOOH active phases.DFT analysis further indicates that OH^(−)adsorption weakens d-p orbital hybridization,optimizing hydrogen/oxygen intermediate adsorption energy barriers and ultimately enhancing catalytic performance.This work establishes novel paradigms for systematic development of catalysts through synergistic analysis of defect dynamics,electronic structures and catalytic performance.展开更多
This study examines how ball milling parameters,specifically rotational speeds(20,40,and 60 r/min)in dry and wet condi-tions,affect the development of mullite/5wt%nano-fly ash coatings on AISI 410 steel,focusing on th...This study examines how ball milling parameters,specifically rotational speeds(20,40,and 60 r/min)in dry and wet condi-tions,affect the development of mullite/5wt%nano-fly ash coatings on AISI 410 steel,focusing on their impact on feedstock powders and plasma-sprayed coatings.Optimized milling parameters at 60 r/min under wet conditions yielded high-quality feedstock powders with a particle size of 14μm and limited size distribution.Coatings produced from wet-milled powders demonstrated a higher deposition effi-ciency(35%)due to their smaller,uniformly distributed particles,which enhanced melting during the spraying process.These coatings also exhibited significantly lower porosity(7.9%),resulting in denser structures with superior mechanical properties,including a hardness of HV_(1)647,fracture toughness of 1.41 MPa·m^(0.5),and a smoother surface finish with a roughness(R_(a))of 6.1μm.Residual stress analysis showed that wet-milled coatings had higher residual stresses,reaching up to 165.95 MPa,compared to dry-milled coatings.This increase is attributed to finer particle sizes and rapid thermal cycling during deposition,which intensified tensile stresses within the coating.These results highlight the importance of optimizing milling parameters to enhance coating performance and process efficiency.展开更多
AIM:To compare the 12-month outcomes of visual performance and patient satisfaction of a higherorder aspheric monofocal intraocular lens(IOL)and a conventional monofocal IOL.METHODS:Prospective,randomized,comparative,...AIM:To compare the 12-month outcomes of visual performance and patient satisfaction of a higherorder aspheric monofocal intraocular lens(IOL)and a conventional monofocal IOL.METHODS:Prospective,randomized,comparative,double-blinded study including 22 patients who underwent bilateral cataract surgery with implantation of the Tecnis Eyhance ICB00 IOL in one eye(ICB00 group)and the Tecnis ZCB00 IOL in the fellow eye(ZCB00 group).Uncorrected distance(UDVA),corrected distance(CDVA),uncorrected intermediate(UIVA),distance-corrected intermediate(DCIVA),uncorrected near(UNVA),and distance-corrected near visual acuities(DCNVA)were evaluated during a 12-month follow-up.Contrast sensitivity,defocus curves,and reading text size were also evaluated.Patient satisfaction was assessed with a questionnaire at the 6-month postoperative visit.RESULTS:Mean postoperative logMAR UDVA was 0.01±0.12 and-0.02±0.10 in ICB00 and ZCB00 groups,respectively(P=0.37).Mean logMAR UIVA was 0.32±0.19 and 0.45±0.16 in ICB00 and ZCB00 groups,respectively(P=0.010).Differences between groups in UNVA did not reach statistical significance(P=0.16).The intermediate reading acuity at 66 cm(P=0.02)and 80 cm(P=0.04)was significantly better in the ICB00 group.Postoperative contrast sensitivity results did not differ significantly between groups(P>0.05).Patients reported high overall satisfaction,with 62%of patients using spectacles for reading in everyday life.CONCLUSION:The eyes of patients implanted with the enhanced monofocal IOL evaluated have significantly better visual acuity for intermediate distances with the same contrast sensitivity as a conventional monofocal IOL.展开更多
Cardiac resynchronization therapy （CRT） is associated with a favorable outcome only in patients with left bundle branch block （LBBB） pattern and in patients with a QRS duration 〉 150 ms, in patients with non-LBBB...Cardiac resynchronization therapy （CRT） is associated with a favorable outcome only in patients with left bundle branch block （LBBB） pattern and in patients with a QRS duration 〉 150 ms, in patients with non-LBBB pattern with a QRS duration of 120-150 ms usually is not beneficial. After adjusting for QRS duration, QRS morphology was no longer a determinant of the clinical response to CRT. In contrast to the mainstream view, we hypothesized that the unfavorable CRT outcome in patients with non-LBBB and a QRS duration of 120-150 ms is not due to the QRS morphology itself, but to less dyssynchrony and unfavorable patient characteristics in this subgroup, such as more ischemic etiology and greater prevalence of male patients compared with patients with LBBB pattern. Further, the current CRT technique is devised to eliminate the dyssynchrony present in patients with LBBB pattern and inappropriate to eliminate the dyssynchrony in patients with non-LBBB pattern. We also hypothesized that electrocardiography may also provide information about the presence of interventricular and left intraventricular dyssynchrony and the approximate location of the latest activated left ventricular （LV） region. To this end, we devised new ECG criteria to estimate interventricular and LV intraventricular dyssynchrony and the approximate location of the latest activated LV region. Our preliminary data demonstrated that the latest activated LV region in patients with nonspecific intraventricular conduction disturbance （NICD） pattern might be at a remote site from that present in patients with LBBB pattern, which might necessitate the invention of a novel CRT technique for patients with NICD pattern. The application of the new interventricular and LV intraventricular dyssynchrony ECG criteria and a potential novel CRT technique might decrease the currently high nonresponder rate in patients with NICD pattern.展开更多
The aim of the present review was to examine objective and subjective burdens in primary caregivers(usually family members) of patients with bipolar disorder(BD) and to list which symptoms of the patients are consider...The aim of the present review was to examine objective and subjective burdens in primary caregivers(usually family members) of patients with bipolar disorder(BD) and to list which symptoms of the patients are considered more burdensome by the caregivers. In order to provide a critical review about caregiver's burden in patients with bipolar disorder, we performed a detailed Pub Med, Bio Med Central, ISI Web of Science, Psyc INFO, Elsevier Science Direct and Cochrane Library search to identify all papers and book chapters in English published during the period between 1963 and November 2011. The highest levels of distress were caused by the patient's behavior and the patient's role dysfunction(work, education and social relationships). Furthermore, the caregiving role compromises other social roles occupied by the caregiver, becoming part of the heavy social cost of bipolar affective disorder. There is a need to better understand caregivers' views and personal perceptions of the stresses and demands arising from caring for someone with BD in order to develop practical appropriate interventions and to improve the training of caregivers.展开更多
To explore mechanism and protective effect of rosiglitazone on myocardial ischemia reperfusion(I/R) injury.Methods:A total of 48 male Japanese white big-ear rabbits were randomly divided into control group(A),I/R grou...To explore mechanism and protective effect of rosiglitazone on myocardial ischemia reperfusion(I/R) injury.Methods:A total of 48 male Japanese white big-ear rabbits were randomly divided into control group(A),I/R group(B),low dose of rosiglitazone group(C),high dose of rosiglitazone group(D).Plasma concentration of and also reduced the concentration of plasma serum creatine kinase(CK),CK-MB.high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hsCRP).ultrasuperoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MD.A).lactic acid glutathione skin peroxidase (C-SH-PX).nitric oxide(NO)and endothelin(ET) were measured 1 h later after I/R.Twenty-four hours after I/R the hearts were harvested for pathological and ultrastructural analysis.Area of myocardial infarction were tested.Results:Plasma concentration of CK,Ck-MB.hsCRP,NO. MDA and ET were decreased in C,D group compared with group B.Plasma concentration of T-SOD and GSH-Px were increased significantly in C.D group compared with group B.Compared with group B.pathological and ullraslructural changes in C and D group were slightly.There was significant difference in myocardial infarction area between group C.D and group B(P【0.05). Myocardial infarction area and arrhythmia rate were lower in group C,D compare with group B. Rosiglitazone may protect myocardium from I/R injury by enhancing T-SOD and GSH-Px concentration,inhibit inflammatory reaction,and improve endothelial function.展开更多
This paper describes pre-treatment methods to improve the bake-hardening response of naturally aged AA6022 （Al-0.6Mg-1.0Si）, which is an alloy used in automotive body panels. These methods are used to accelerate the...This paper describes pre-treatment methods to improve the bake-hardening response of naturally aged AA6022 （Al-0.6Mg-1.0Si）, which is an alloy used in automotive body panels. These methods are used to accelerate the artificial aging process, which proceeds 30-day period of natural aging. The precipitation behavior of the sheets of this aluminum alloy was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and electrical conductivity measurements, and subsequently confirmed by microstructure observations by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. Tensile tests and microhardness measurements were performed to determine the mechanical properties of the samples. Under simulated paint-baking conditions （30 min at 170℃）, the microhardness and the yield strength （YS） of the pre-strained ＋ pre-aged samples were found to be I13 HV and 225 MPa, respectively. These values are considerably higher than those of pre-aged samples, and they did not decrease significantly during the initial stage of artificial aging.展开更多
The Taihang Mountains area is an area in North China where serious mudflow hazards take place frequently. The hazards often obstrust traffic and make it difficult to carry out conventional ground investigations of the...The Taihang Mountains area is an area in North China where serious mudflow hazards take place frequently. The hazards often obstrust traffic and make it difficult to carry out conventional ground investigations of the mudflow hazards. This paper introduces the feasibility study of mudflow hazards by using Landsat-5TM data. The study has achieved a great success through adopting both the faint spectral enhancement technique for mudflow fans (or other depositional areas) and comprehensive study of the environmental background of pregnant mudflows. Thus, remote sensing as a fast, convenient, low-cost and effective technical method can be used to recognise the situation of mudflow hazards so that effective rescue can be provided.展开更多
Gardner's syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by the presence of colonic polyposis,osteomas and a multitude of soft tissue tumors. The syndrome may present at any age from 2 mo to 70 years with...Gardner's syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by the presence of colonic polyposis,osteomas and a multitude of soft tissue tumors. The syndrome may present at any age from 2 mo to 70 years with a variety of symptoms, either colonic or extracolonic.We present a case of a 11-year-old female patient with Gardner's syndrome who presented with a lumbar area desmoid tumor and treated with resection of the desmoid,restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis,A review of the current literature has been performed.展开更多
A 78-year-old man with a history of mitral valve prolapse underwent echocardiography during his cardiological check-up examination in 2011 in a symptom-free stage. Echocardiography revealed akinesis of the inferior se...A 78-year-old man with a history of mitral valve prolapse underwent echocardiography during his cardiological check-up examination in 2011 in a symptom-free stage. Echocardiography revealed akinesis of the inferior septum and inferobasal free wall as a novel finding suggesting a distal right coronary artery （RCA） lesion （Figure 1）. The systolic left ventricular function was normal. Earlier echocardiographies did not show wall motion abnormalities.展开更多
Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a global pandemic where several comorbidities have been shown to have a significant effect on mortality.Patients with diabetes mellitus(DM)have a higher mortality rate than non-DM ...Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a global pandemic where several comorbidities have been shown to have a significant effect on mortality.Patients with diabetes mellitus(DM)have a higher mortality rate than non-DM patients if they get COVID-19.Recent studies have indicated that patients with a history of diabetes can increase the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.Additionally,patients without any history of diabetes can acquire newonset DM when infected with COVID-19.Thus,there is a need to explore the bidirectional link between these two conditions,confirming the vicious loop between“DM/COVID-19”.This narrative review presents(1)the bidirectional association between the DM and COVID-19,(2)the manifestations of the DM/COVID-19 loop leading to cardiovascular disease,(3)an understanding of primary and secondary factors that influence mortality due to the DM/COVID-19 loop,(4)the role of vitamin-D in DM patients during COVID-19,and finally,(5)the monitoring tools for tracking atherosclerosis burden in DM patients during COVID-19 and“COVID-triggered DM”patients.We conclude that the bidirectional nature of DM/COVID-19 causes acceleration towards cardiovascular events.Due to this alarming condition,early monitoring of atherosclerotic burden is required in“Diabetes patients during COVID-19”or“new-onset Diabetes triggered by COVID-19 in Non-Diabetes patients”.展开更多
Background Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric problems,affecting approximately 1 in 12 children and 1 in 4 adolescents.Understanding the incidence,burden and correlated risks of anxiety disorders among ...Background Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric problems,affecting approximately 1 in 12 children and 1 in 4 adolescents.Understanding the incidence,burden and correlated risks of anxiety disorders among children and adolescents can help identify areas of success,stagnation and emerging threats,thereby facilitating effective improvement strategies.Aims To estimate the incidence and burden trends of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2019 in 204 countries and compare the incidence and disease burden in different countries.To examine the association between anxiety disorders and social indicators(healthcare access and quality of life).Methods Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.The age-standardised incidence rates(ASIRs)and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)were reported to assess the burden of anxiety disorders,and the estimated annual percentage change was calculated to quantify the temporal trends.Pearson’s correlation was used to investigate country-level risk factors for incidence and DALYs.Results Globally,there were 932 million incident cases of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents,739.29 per 100000 ASIRs and 380.62 million DALYs in 2019.From 1990 to 2019,the estimated annual percentage change of incidence of anxiety disorders decreased by 2.2%.Significant variations were observed in the age-standardised burden rate and the changing trend of anxiety disorders among countries.Portugal reported the highest ASIR of anxiety disorders,while Mexico had the largest increase rate of ASIR.In 2019,Portugal reported the highest number of DALYs(1001.71 million),and India(212.09 million)reported the lowest number of DALYs.The burden of anxiety disorders was positively correlated with the average number of psychiatrists,psychologists and nurses in the mental health sector(per 100000),and quality of life and the correlation coefficients were 0.58,0.67,0.43 and 0.53,respectively.Conclusions The incidence and global burden of anxiety disorders in adolescents have continued to decrease over the past 30 years.However,the incidence and disease burden in developed countries are still increasing steadily.Policymakers should design and implement mental health strategies for adolescents based on their specific developmental status,as well as the cultural and regional characteristics of each country.展开更多
Cavitation has a significant influence on the accurate control of the liquid filling rate and braking performance of a hydraulic retarder;however,previous studies of the flow field in hydraulic retarders have provided...Cavitation has a significant influence on the accurate control of the liquid filling rate and braking performance of a hydraulic retarder;however,previous studies of the flow field in hydraulic retarders have provided insufficient information in terms of considering cavitation.Here,the volume of fluid(VOF)method and a scale-resolving simulation(SRS)were employed to numerically and more comprehensively calculate and analyze the flow field in a retarder considering the cavitation phenomenon.The numerical models included the improved delayed detached eddy simulation(IDDES)model,stress-blended eddy simulation(SBES)model,dynamic large eddy simulation(DLES)model,and shear stress transport(SST)model in the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)model.All the calculations were typically validated by the brake torque in the impeller rather than the internal flow.The unsteady flow field indicated that the SBES and DLES models could better capture unsteady flow phenomena,such as the chord vortex.The SBES and DLES models could also better capture bubbles than the SST and IDDES models.Since the braking torque error of the SBES model was the smallest,the transient variation of the bubble volume fraction over time on a typical flow surface was analyzed in detail with the SBES model.It was found that bubbles mainly appeared in the center area of the blade suction surface,which coincided with the experiments.The accumulation of bubbles resulted in a larger bubble volume fraction in the center of the blade over time.In addition,the temperature variations of the pressure blade caused by heat transfer were further analyzed.More bubbles precipitated in the center of the blade,leading to a lower temperature in this area.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND A diagnosis of a chronic disease has been shown to predispose patients to the development of feeding and eating disorders(FEDs).AIM To screen children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)for FEDs and compare them to their counterparts with short stature.METHODS A total of 110 children and adolescents(55 with T1DM and 55 with short stature)were enrolled in the study.The SCOFF questionnaire was used to screen for possible FEDs,while anthropometric and dietary data were also collected.RESULTS Approximately 60%of the children with T1DM screened positive for FEDs compared to 30.9%of the children with short stature.Having a T1DM tripled the chances of screening positive for FEDs and halved the annual growth rate of children with T1DM.No differences were noted in the dietary intake between groups.CONCLUSION The results necessitate the education of pediatric endocrinologists and diabetologists on proper screening and identification of children at risk for developing FEDs.A prompt diagnosis might help children catch up growth and attain their genetically predisposed height.
文摘A heart attack disrupts the normal flow of blood to the heart muscle,potentially causing severe damage or death if not treated promptly.It can lead to long-term health complications,reduce quality of life,and significantly impact daily activities and overall well-being.Despite the growing popularity of deep learning,several drawbacks persist,such as complexity and the limitation of single-model learning.In this paper,we introduce a residual learning-based feature fusion technique to achieve high accuracy in differentiating abnormal cardiac rhythms heart sound.Combining MobileNet with DenseNet201 for feature fusion leverages MobileNet lightweight,efficient architecture with DenseNet201,dense connections,resulting in enhanced feature extraction and improved model performance with reduced computational cost.To further enhance the fusion,we employed residual learning to optimize the hierarchical features of heart abnormal sounds during training.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed fusion method achieved an accuracy of 95.67%on the benchmark PhysioNet-2016 Spectrogram dataset.To further validate the performance,we applied it to the BreakHis dataset with a magnification level of 100X.The results indicate that the model maintains robust performance on the second dataset,achieving an accuracy of 96.55%.it highlights its consistent performance,making it a suitable for various applications.
文摘In the realm of medical rarity,the convergence of infective endocarditis with the development of an aortic root abscess stands as a formidable challenge,often bearing a grim prognosis.Recognizing this perilous condition requires a vigilant eye.Embolic events stemming from infective endocarditis can precipitate acute coronary syndrome,adding another layer of complexity to diagnosis and treatment.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52473327,51572295 and 21273285)National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2021YFA1501300,2019YFC1907602).
文摘Photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction to multi-carbon(C^(2+))products using solar energy is a promising route to carbon neutrality[1].Among these products,ethanol has attracted significant attention due to its high energy density and convenient storage.However,achieving high selectivity for ethanol remains challenging because the reaction involves complex multi-electron transfer processes,and the ethanol pathway shares the same intermediate with the ethylene pathway,while the ethylene pathway has a thermodynamic advantage[2].This phenomenon makes it difficult to precisely control C-C coupling selectivity.
文摘The significance of gut microbiota(GM)in human health is being increasingly researched.An imbalance in GM composition,known as dysbiosis,is linked to various and other health issues.In addition,antibiotics are the primary and most significant factors leading to major changes in the composition and function of the GM,which may result in colonization by antimicrobial-resistant(AMR)pathogens.Therefore,alternative antibiotic strategies for combating AMR pathogens are urgently needed.This narrative review highlights current knowledge regarding various pertinent strategies for decolonizing bacterial pathogens from GM and emphasizes decolonization therapies’critical role in pediatric surgical disorders.Strategies such as decontamination of the digestive tract utilizing antibiotics,the use of probiotics,and particularly fecal microbiota transplantation have introduced new options for clinical treatment.These treatments show the potential to restore GM balance and have demonstrated advantages for intestinal disorders related to pediatric surgery,including inflammatory bowel disease,neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis,Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis,and short bowel syndrome.Despite GM therapeutics,recent strategies are still in their developmental phase and exhibit challenges that need further research.Thus,potential future directions for GMtargeted decolonization therapies are under consideration.Innovative alternative strategies to combat AMR though GM modulation in disorders related to pediatric surgery appear to be promising and should continue to be prioritized for further research and development.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB380-7300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12471455)+2 种基金the Clinical Cohort Construction Program of Peking University Third Hospital(BYSYDL2022005)the Key Clinical Projects of Peking University Third Hospital(BYSYZD2023006)the Innovation&Transfer Fund of Peking University Third Hospital(BYSYZHKC2023-109).
文摘Kounis syndrome(KS)is a rare but clinically significant condition characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of acute coronary syndrome(ACS)and allergic reactions,which can develop in patients with either normal or diseased coronary arteries.[1,2]The condition is typically triggered by various allergens including medications(particularly contrast media),environmental factors,or food exposures,with symptom onset usually occurring within one hour of exposure.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52473327,51572295,21273285 and 21003157)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA1501300,2019YFC1907602).
文摘Defect engineering significantly enhances electrocatalytic performance by modulating electronic structures and interfacial coordination,yet the dynamic correlation between defect evolution and catalytic activity during reactions remains unclear.Herein,density functional theory(DFT)calculations first reveal the modulation of sulfur vacancy concentrations on Co_(9)S_(8)electronic structures,predicting that optimized vacancy concentrations enable highly efficient electrocatalytic water splitting.Experimentally fabricated Co_(9)S_(8)with appropriate sulfur vacancies exhibits superior bifunctional activity(HER:164 mV@_(η10);OER:297 mV@_(η100)).The MCS-assembled overall water splitting system demonstrates stable operation at 1.57 V(10 mA cm^(−2))for over 60 h.Experimental studies illustrate that sulfur vacancies preferentially adsorb OH^(−)during reactions,inducing the formation of CoOOH active phases.DFT analysis further indicates that OH^(−)adsorption weakens d-p orbital hybridization,optimizing hydrogen/oxygen intermediate adsorption energy barriers and ultimately enhancing catalytic performance.This work establishes novel paradigms for systematic development of catalysts through synergistic analysis of defect dynamics,electronic structures and catalytic performance.
基金financially supported by the King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok(KMUTNB),Thailand(No.KMUTNB-63-KNOW-039)the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand(No.64-N201000-11-IO.SS03N3008589)the Program Management Unit for Human Resources&Institutional Development,Research and Innovation(No.B13F660125).
文摘This study examines how ball milling parameters,specifically rotational speeds(20,40,and 60 r/min)in dry and wet condi-tions,affect the development of mullite/5wt%nano-fly ash coatings on AISI 410 steel,focusing on their impact on feedstock powders and plasma-sprayed coatings.Optimized milling parameters at 60 r/min under wet conditions yielded high-quality feedstock powders with a particle size of 14μm and limited size distribution.Coatings produced from wet-milled powders demonstrated a higher deposition effi-ciency(35%)due to their smaller,uniformly distributed particles,which enhanced melting during the spraying process.These coatings also exhibited significantly lower porosity(7.9%),resulting in denser structures with superior mechanical properties,including a hardness of HV_(1)647,fracture toughness of 1.41 MPa·m^(0.5),and a smoother surface finish with a roughness(R_(a))of 6.1μm.Residual stress analysis showed that wet-milled coatings had higher residual stresses,reaching up to 165.95 MPa,compared to dry-milled coatings.This increase is attributed to finer particle sizes and rapid thermal cycling during deposition,which intensified tensile stresses within the coating.These results highlight the importance of optimizing milling parameters to enhance coating performance and process efficiency.
文摘AIM:To compare the 12-month outcomes of visual performance and patient satisfaction of a higherorder aspheric monofocal intraocular lens(IOL)and a conventional monofocal IOL.METHODS:Prospective,randomized,comparative,double-blinded study including 22 patients who underwent bilateral cataract surgery with implantation of the Tecnis Eyhance ICB00 IOL in one eye(ICB00 group)and the Tecnis ZCB00 IOL in the fellow eye(ZCB00 group).Uncorrected distance(UDVA),corrected distance(CDVA),uncorrected intermediate(UIVA),distance-corrected intermediate(DCIVA),uncorrected near(UNVA),and distance-corrected near visual acuities(DCNVA)were evaluated during a 12-month follow-up.Contrast sensitivity,defocus curves,and reading text size were also evaluated.Patient satisfaction was assessed with a questionnaire at the 6-month postoperative visit.RESULTS:Mean postoperative logMAR UDVA was 0.01±0.12 and-0.02±0.10 in ICB00 and ZCB00 groups,respectively(P=0.37).Mean logMAR UIVA was 0.32±0.19 and 0.45±0.16 in ICB00 and ZCB00 groups,respectively(P=0.010).Differences between groups in UNVA did not reach statistical significance(P=0.16).The intermediate reading acuity at 66 cm(P=0.02)and 80 cm(P=0.04)was significantly better in the ICB00 group.Postoperative contrast sensitivity results did not differ significantly between groups(P>0.05).Patients reported high overall satisfaction,with 62%of patients using spectacles for reading in everyday life.CONCLUSION:The eyes of patients implanted with the enhanced monofocal IOL evaluated have significantly better visual acuity for intermediate distances with the same contrast sensitivity as a conventional monofocal IOL.
文摘Cardiac resynchronization therapy （CRT） is associated with a favorable outcome only in patients with left bundle branch block （LBBB） pattern and in patients with a QRS duration 〉 150 ms, in patients with non-LBBB pattern with a QRS duration of 120-150 ms usually is not beneficial. After adjusting for QRS duration, QRS morphology was no longer a determinant of the clinical response to CRT. In contrast to the mainstream view, we hypothesized that the unfavorable CRT outcome in patients with non-LBBB and a QRS duration of 120-150 ms is not due to the QRS morphology itself, but to less dyssynchrony and unfavorable patient characteristics in this subgroup, such as more ischemic etiology and greater prevalence of male patients compared with patients with LBBB pattern. Further, the current CRT technique is devised to eliminate the dyssynchrony present in patients with LBBB pattern and inappropriate to eliminate the dyssynchrony in patients with non-LBBB pattern. We also hypothesized that electrocardiography may also provide information about the presence of interventricular and left intraventricular dyssynchrony and the approximate location of the latest activated left ventricular （LV） region. To this end, we devised new ECG criteria to estimate interventricular and LV intraventricular dyssynchrony and the approximate location of the latest activated LV region. Our preliminary data demonstrated that the latest activated LV region in patients with nonspecific intraventricular conduction disturbance （NICD） pattern might be at a remote site from that present in patients with LBBB pattern, which might necessitate the invention of a novel CRT technique for patients with NICD pattern. The application of the new interventricular and LV intraventricular dyssynchrony ECG criteria and a potential novel CRT technique might decrease the currently high nonresponder rate in patients with NICD pattern.
文摘The aim of the present review was to examine objective and subjective burdens in primary caregivers(usually family members) of patients with bipolar disorder(BD) and to list which symptoms of the patients are considered more burdensome by the caregivers. In order to provide a critical review about caregiver's burden in patients with bipolar disorder, we performed a detailed Pub Med, Bio Med Central, ISI Web of Science, Psyc INFO, Elsevier Science Direct and Cochrane Library search to identify all papers and book chapters in English published during the period between 1963 and November 2011. The highest levels of distress were caused by the patient's behavior and the patient's role dysfunction(work, education and social relationships). Furthermore, the caregiving role compromises other social roles occupied by the caregiver, becoming part of the heavy social cost of bipolar affective disorder. There is a need to better understand caregivers' views and personal perceptions of the stresses and demands arising from caring for someone with BD in order to develop practical appropriate interventions and to improve the training of caregivers.
基金supported by Planning Program of Department of Science and Technology of Liaoning Province(Grant No.2011225015)
文摘To explore mechanism and protective effect of rosiglitazone on myocardial ischemia reperfusion(I/R) injury.Methods:A total of 48 male Japanese white big-ear rabbits were randomly divided into control group(A),I/R group(B),low dose of rosiglitazone group(C),high dose of rosiglitazone group(D).Plasma concentration of and also reduced the concentration of plasma serum creatine kinase(CK),CK-MB.high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hsCRP).ultrasuperoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MD.A).lactic acid glutathione skin peroxidase (C-SH-PX).nitric oxide(NO)and endothelin(ET) were measured 1 h later after I/R.Twenty-four hours after I/R the hearts were harvested for pathological and ultrastructural analysis.Area of myocardial infarction were tested.Results:Plasma concentration of CK,Ck-MB.hsCRP,NO. MDA and ET were decreased in C,D group compared with group B.Plasma concentration of T-SOD and GSH-Px were increased significantly in C.D group compared with group B.Compared with group B.pathological and ullraslructural changes in C and D group were slightly.There was significant difference in myocardial infarction area between group C.D and group B(P【0.05). Myocardial infarction area and arrhythmia rate were lower in group C,D compare with group B. Rosiglitazone may protect myocardium from I/R injury by enhancing T-SOD and GSH-Px concentration,inhibit inflammatory reaction,and improve endothelial function.
文摘This paper describes pre-treatment methods to improve the bake-hardening response of naturally aged AA6022 （Al-0.6Mg-1.0Si）, which is an alloy used in automotive body panels. These methods are used to accelerate the artificial aging process, which proceeds 30-day period of natural aging. The precipitation behavior of the sheets of this aluminum alloy was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and electrical conductivity measurements, and subsequently confirmed by microstructure observations by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. Tensile tests and microhardness measurements were performed to determine the mechanical properties of the samples. Under simulated paint-baking conditions （30 min at 170℃）, the microhardness and the yield strength （YS） of the pre-strained ＋ pre-aged samples were found to be I13 HV and 225 MPa, respectively. These values are considerably higher than those of pre-aged samples, and they did not decrease significantly during the initial stage of artificial aging.
文摘The Taihang Mountains area is an area in North China where serious mudflow hazards take place frequently. The hazards often obstrust traffic and make it difficult to carry out conventional ground investigations of the mudflow hazards. This paper introduces the feasibility study of mudflow hazards by using Landsat-5TM data. The study has achieved a great success through adopting both the faint spectral enhancement technique for mudflow fans (or other depositional areas) and comprehensive study of the environmental background of pregnant mudflows. Thus, remote sensing as a fast, convenient, low-cost and effective technical method can be used to recognise the situation of mudflow hazards so that effective rescue can be provided.
文摘Gardner's syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by the presence of colonic polyposis,osteomas and a multitude of soft tissue tumors. The syndrome may present at any age from 2 mo to 70 years with a variety of symptoms, either colonic or extracolonic.We present a case of a 11-year-old female patient with Gardner's syndrome who presented with a lumbar area desmoid tumor and treated with resection of the desmoid,restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis,A review of the current literature has been performed.
文摘A 78-year-old man with a history of mitral valve prolapse underwent echocardiography during his cardiological check-up examination in 2011 in a symptom-free stage. Echocardiography revealed akinesis of the inferior septum and inferobasal free wall as a novel finding suggesting a distal right coronary artery （RCA） lesion （Figure 1）. The systolic left ventricular function was normal. Earlier echocardiographies did not show wall motion abnormalities.
文摘Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a global pandemic where several comorbidities have been shown to have a significant effect on mortality.Patients with diabetes mellitus(DM)have a higher mortality rate than non-DM patients if they get COVID-19.Recent studies have indicated that patients with a history of diabetes can increase the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.Additionally,patients without any history of diabetes can acquire newonset DM when infected with COVID-19.Thus,there is a need to explore the bidirectional link between these two conditions,confirming the vicious loop between“DM/COVID-19”.This narrative review presents(1)the bidirectional association between the DM and COVID-19,(2)the manifestations of the DM/COVID-19 loop leading to cardiovascular disease,(3)an understanding of primary and secondary factors that influence mortality due to the DM/COVID-19 loop,(4)the role of vitamin-D in DM patients during COVID-19,and finally,(5)the monitoring tools for tracking atherosclerosis burden in DM patients during COVID-19 and“COVID-triggered DM”patients.We conclude that the bidirectional nature of DM/COVID-19 causes acceleration towards cardiovascular events.Due to this alarming condition,early monitoring of atherosclerotic burden is required in“Diabetes patients during COVID-19”or“new-onset Diabetes triggered by COVID-19 in Non-Diabetes patients”.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82173636)the International Institute of Population Health,Peking University Health Science Center(Number:JKGL202302)the National Key Research and Development Plan Project(2022YFC3600904).The funders had no role in study design,data collection and analysis,decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.
文摘Background Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric problems,affecting approximately 1 in 12 children and 1 in 4 adolescents.Understanding the incidence,burden and correlated risks of anxiety disorders among children and adolescents can help identify areas of success,stagnation and emerging threats,thereby facilitating effective improvement strategies.Aims To estimate the incidence and burden trends of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2019 in 204 countries and compare the incidence and disease burden in different countries.To examine the association between anxiety disorders and social indicators(healthcare access and quality of life).Methods Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.The age-standardised incidence rates(ASIRs)and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)were reported to assess the burden of anxiety disorders,and the estimated annual percentage change was calculated to quantify the temporal trends.Pearson’s correlation was used to investigate country-level risk factors for incidence and DALYs.Results Globally,there were 932 million incident cases of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents,739.29 per 100000 ASIRs and 380.62 million DALYs in 2019.From 1990 to 2019,the estimated annual percentage change of incidence of anxiety disorders decreased by 2.2%.Significant variations were observed in the age-standardised burden rate and the changing trend of anxiety disorders among countries.Portugal reported the highest ASIR of anxiety disorders,while Mexico had the largest increase rate of ASIR.In 2019,Portugal reported the highest number of DALYs(1001.71 million),and India(212.09 million)reported the lowest number of DALYs.The burden of anxiety disorders was positively correlated with the average number of psychiatrists,psychologists and nurses in the mental health sector(per 100000),and quality of life and the correlation coefficients were 0.58,0.67,0.43 and 0.53,respectively.Conclusions The incidence and global burden of anxiety disorders in adolescents have continued to decrease over the past 30 years.However,the incidence and disease burden in developed countries are still increasing steadily.Policymakers should design and implement mental health strategies for adolescents based on their specific developmental status,as well as the cultural and regional characteristics of each country.
基金Project supported by the Key Scientific and Technological Project of Jilin Province(No.20170204066GX)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(No.20200201222JC)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Project of Jilin Provincial Education Department(No.JJKH20170785KJ)the Project of Jilin Provincial Science&Technology Department(No.20200301011RQ)the Advanced Manufacturing Projects of Government and University Co-construction Program funded by Jilin Province(No.SXGJSF2017-2),China。
文摘Cavitation has a significant influence on the accurate control of the liquid filling rate and braking performance of a hydraulic retarder;however,previous studies of the flow field in hydraulic retarders have provided insufficient information in terms of considering cavitation.Here,the volume of fluid(VOF)method and a scale-resolving simulation(SRS)were employed to numerically and more comprehensively calculate and analyze the flow field in a retarder considering the cavitation phenomenon.The numerical models included the improved delayed detached eddy simulation(IDDES)model,stress-blended eddy simulation(SBES)model,dynamic large eddy simulation(DLES)model,and shear stress transport(SST)model in the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)model.All the calculations were typically validated by the brake torque in the impeller rather than the internal flow.The unsteady flow field indicated that the SBES and DLES models could better capture unsteady flow phenomena,such as the chord vortex.The SBES and DLES models could also better capture bubbles than the SST and IDDES models.Since the braking torque error of the SBES model was the smallest,the transient variation of the bubble volume fraction over time on a typical flow surface was analyzed in detail with the SBES model.It was found that bubbles mainly appeared in the center area of the blade suction surface,which coincided with the experiments.The accumulation of bubbles resulted in a larger bubble volume fraction in the center of the blade over time.In addition,the temperature variations of the pressure blade caused by heat transfer were further analyzed.More bubbles precipitated in the center of the blade,leading to a lower temperature in this area.
