Achieving high selectivity to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA)in the photocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)in aqueous solution advocates the principle of green and sustainable chemistry,but still rem...Achieving high selectivity to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA)in the photocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)in aqueous solution advocates the principle of green and sustainable chemistry,but still remains a significant challenge.Herein,manipulating the reactive oxygen species(ROS)has been realized and dramatically promotes the selective photocatalytic oxidation of HMF in aqueous solution.A high FDCAyield of 98.6% has been achieved after 3 h of visible light irradiation over the as-prepared FeO_(x)-Au/TiO_(2) catalyst,being one of the leading photocatalytic performances.Furthermore,satisfactory FDCA yields of higher than 80%could be realized even in the outdoor environment under natural sunlight irradiation,regardless of sunny or cloudy weather.A combination study including physical characterization,kinetic analysis,radical trapping experiments and density functional theory calculations unveils the rate-determining step(oxidation of hydroxyl group)and respective contributions of the generated ROS(1O_(2) and·O_(2)-)in each step of the entire reaction network.The present work would push ahead the understanding of HMF photocatalytic oxidation and contribute to the rational design of high-performance photocatalysts.展开更多
The performance degradation of micro light-emitting diodes(micro-LEDs)is closely associated with the deterioration of sidewall passivation layers under prolonged electrical bias.We investigate reliability improvements...The performance degradation of micro light-emitting diodes(micro-LEDs)is closely associated with the deterioration of sidewall passivation layers under prolonged electrical bias.We investigate reliability improvements in 20μm×20μm InGaN/GaN blue micro-LEDs by suppressing the formation of an unstable interfacial layer during sidewall passivation.SiO_(2)is deposited on the etched mesa sidewalls using either Sputtering or plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition(PECVD).Comparative analysis reveals that PECVD-passivated devices experience more severe performance degradation,primarily due to the increased leakage current.After 100 h of accelerated aging,external quantum efficiency decreases by 44%in PECVD-passivated samples,whereas Sputter-passivated devices exhibit only an11%reduction.This discrepancy is attributed to the formation of a thicker and chemically unstable gallium oxynitride(Ga-O_(X)-N_(1-X))interfacial layer at the SiO_(2)∕GaN-based interface,which facilitates the generation of sidewall defects.Suppressing the formation of this interlayer enhances the crystallinity and structural stability of the passivation layer,thereby mitigating the activation of point defects.Notably,Sputter deposition is more effective in minimizing the formation of Ga-O-N interlayer.These findings emphasize the critical role of achieving low-defect-density sidewall passivation to improve the reliability of micro-LEDs for next-generation high-resolution display applications.展开更多
Ti-5Al-5Mo-5Cr-2Zr-xNb with different Nb(abbreviated as Ti-5552-xNb,x=3,6,9,12,wt.%)contents were stretched at 923 K to study their superplastic behavior and mechanical properties below recrystallization temperature.T...Ti-5Al-5Mo-5Cr-2Zr-xNb with different Nb(abbreviated as Ti-5552-xNb,x=3,6,9,12,wt.%)contents were stretched at 923 K to study their superplastic behavior and mechanical properties below recrystallization temperature.The microstructure of as-cast Ti-5552-xNb alloy is consisted of a singleβphase,and theβgrain size increases slightly with the increase of Nb content.The thermal effect in the process of high temperature drawing leads to the precipitation ofαphase.The addition of Nb in Ti-5552 titanium alloys reduces theα/βphase transformation temperature,which causes a decrease in the volume fraction ofαphase.Reducing theαphase content reduces incompatibility,but too low a proportion ofαphase will lead to premature fracture,so tensile strength and plasticity firstly increase and then decrease.The results show that Ti-5552-9Nb titanium alloy shows the best tensile strength(307.2 MPa)and superplasticity(106%).The superplastic mechanism of Ti-5552-9Nb alloy is mainly caused by relative sliding ofβgrain boundaries and dislocation movement.展开更多
The microstructure of high Nb-TiAl alloys was optimized by the addition of a small amount of Ta elements to further improve their properties.A series of Ti46Al1.5Cr8Nb-xTa(x=0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0,at.%)alloys were prepar...The microstructure of high Nb-TiAl alloys was optimized by the addition of a small amount of Ta elements to further improve their properties.A series of Ti46Al1.5Cr8Nb-xTa(x=0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0,at.%)alloys were prepared by vacuum arc melting.The microstructure,mechanical properties,and related influencing mechanisms were systematically investigated.The results indicate that the solidification microstructure of the Ti46Al1.5Cr8Nb-xTa alloys comprises theγ-TiAl phase,α_(2)-Ti_(3)Al phase,and B2 phase.As the Ta content increases from 0.2 at.%to 1.0 at.%,the content ofα_(2)phase and B2 phase increases,while theγphase content decreases.Among them,the B2 phase shows the most pronounced change,being significantly refined,with its content increasing from 12.49%to 21.91%.In addition,the average size of the lamellar colony decreases from 160.65 to 94.44μm.The addition of the Ta element shifts the solidification path toward lower aluminum concentrations,leading to changes in phase content.The tantalum-induced increase in the B2 phase and enhanced supercooling at the solidification front provide the basis for lamellar colony refinement.Compressive testing at room temperature reveals that the Ti46 Al1.5 Cr8 Nb0.4 Ta alloy exhibits optimal compressive properties,achieving a compressive strength of 2,434 MPa and a compressive strain of 33.1%.The improvement of its properties is attributed to a combination of lamellar colony refinement,solid solution strengthening resulting from the incorporation of Ta element,and a reduction in the c/a of theγphase.展开更多
When the operating temperature of a solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC)is lower than the outlet temperature of a nuclear reactor,the reactor can be directly coupled with the SOEC as a high-temperature heat source.Howe...When the operating temperature of a solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC)is lower than the outlet temperature of a nuclear reactor,the reactor can be directly coupled with the SOEC as a high-temperature heat source.However,the key to the efficiency and return on investment of this hybrid energy system lies in the expected lifetime of the SOEC.This study assessed Ni-YSZ|YSZ|GDC|LSC fuel electrode support cells’long-term stability during electrolysis at 650℃with a current density of−0.5Acm^(−2)over 1818 h.The average voltage degradation rate of 2.63%kh^(−1)unfolded in two phases:an initial rapid decay(90 to 1120 h at 3.58%kh^(−1))and a stable decay(1120 to 1818 h at 2.14%kh^(−1)),emphasizing SOECs’probability coupling with nuclear reactors at 650℃.Post-1818-hour electrolysis revealed nickel particle formation associated with Ni(OH)_(x)diffusion and re-deposition,alongside a strontium-containing layer causing interface cracking.Despite minimal strontium segregation in the EDS,XPS data indicated surface segregation of Sr.This study provides crucial insights into prolonged SOEC operation,highlighting both its potential and challenges.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a complex neurodegenerative disorder associated with changes in inflammation,oxidative stress,and gut microbiota composition.Butyrolactone Ⅰ(BTL-Ⅰ),a fungal metabolite,has shown anti-infla...Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a complex neurodegenerative disorder associated with changes in inflammation,oxidative stress,and gut microbiota composition.Butyrolactone Ⅰ(BTL-Ⅰ),a fungal metabolite,has shown anti-inflammatory,microbiota regulating,and memory-improving potentials in previous in vitro and AlCl3-induced zebrafish studies.However,its effects of memory-improving and gutbrain axis regulating on Aβ-induced mammalian AD models have not been explored.In this study,intragastric administrated BTL-Ⅰ ameliorated cognitive deficits related to recognition and spatial memory impaired by Aβ_(1-42)intracerebroventricular injection in mice.BTL-Ⅰ maintained gut microbiota balance by increasing the abundance of Blautia,Muribaculaceae,Bacteroides,Akkermansia,etc.,and decreasing CAG-352,Clostridia UCG-014,different Lachnospiraceae groups,etc.,and Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio and elevated the levels of short-chain fatty acids.Additionally,it alleviated intestinal oxidative stress,inflammatory responses,and pathological damage.Furthermore,BTL-I reversed Aβ_(1-42)-induced activation of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus and inhibited the elevated oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines in both plasma and brain.The correlation analysis between the regulated taxa and biomarkers supports the role of gut microbiota in adjusting inflammation,oxidative stress,and memory.In conclusion,BTL-I may serve as a valuable drug lead for treating Alzheimer’s disease by systematically inhibiting microbiota imbalance,inflammation,and oxidative stress along the gut-brain axis.展开更多
To enhance the visible light response of titanium dioxide(TiO_(2)),titanium carbide(TiC)nanoparticles(NPs)were thermally treated in carbon powder,effectively overcoming the challenges associated with conventional dopi...To enhance the visible light response of titanium dioxide(TiO_(2)),titanium carbide(TiC)nanoparticles(NPs)were thermally treated in carbon powder,effectively overcoming the challenges associated with conventional doping methods.During the treatment,a TiO_(2)thin shell with oxygen vacancies(OVs)formed around the TiC NPs,creating a shell-core structure S-scheme photocatalyst.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and ultraviolet-visible(UV-vis)spectroscopy confirmed the successful formation of the TiO_(2)shell.By optimizing the shell thickness,the TiO_(2)-TiC shell-core structure achieved an ideal shell-core ratio,resulting in strong visible light absorption(400-800 nm),and the degradation rate constant of Rhodamine B(RhB)of sample cHT500 reached 0.0687 min^(−1),which is 20.8times higher than that of pristine TiO_(2)(0.0033 min^(−1))under visible-light irradiation.In addition,cytocompatibility tests showed that sample cHT500 exhibits favorable cell viability,which is comparable to that of TiO_(2)nanoparticles,and thus remarkably mitigates the poor biocompatibility inherent to TiC,making them promising candidates for biomedical and photocatalytic applications.展开更多
The original online version of this article was revised:The layout update for Article 758 has impacted the page range in the published issue,but did not affect the scholarly content.To ensure consistency with the orig...The original online version of this article was revised:The layout update for Article 758 has impacted the page range in the published issue,but did not affect the scholarly content.To ensure consistency with the originally assigned pages(2595-2614),we will need to publish an erratum to correct the article and restore the original page range.The original article has been corrected.展开更多
Background:Chiglitazar is a novel pan-agonist that can activate all three subtypes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor.It was approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus as monotherapy on October ...Background:Chiglitazar is a novel pan-agonist that can activate all three subtypes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor.It was approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus as monotherapy on October 19,2021,and as combination therapy with metformin when using metformin alone failed in blood glucose control on July 16,2024,by the National Medical Products Administration(NMPA)in China.However,pharmacokinetic(PK)study of this product in patients with renal impairment have not yet been conducted.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of renal impairment on the PK and safety after a single oral dose of Chiglitazar.Methods:This multicenter,open-label,parallel-controlled,single-dose Phase I clinical trial(NCT 05515458)enrolled 24 participants(12/group)with severe renal impairment(SRI)or normal renal function(NRF).All participants received a single oral dose of 48 mg chiglitazar after breakfast and the PK and safety was evaluated.Results:The median Tmax was similar in both SRI and NRF groups(5.01 vs.5.02 hours).The geometric mean ratios(GMR)for Cmax,AUC0-t,and AUC0-∞were 0.807(90%confidence interval[CI]:0.697–0.935),0.853(90%CI:0.713–1.02),and 0.855(90%CI:0.716–1.02),respectively,indicating that SRI did not significantly affect the exposure of chiglitazar.The Cmax was weakly positively correlated with eGFR(r=0.4798,P=0.0177)and creatinine clearance rate(r=0.4667,P=0.0215).Urinary excretion of chiglitazar was negligible in the SRI group,with average values of Ae0-t=2,900 ng,Fe0-t=0.0060%,and CLR=0.323 mL/h within 0–72 hours post-dose.The treatment-emergent adverse event(TEAE)incidence in the SRI group(16.7%,2/12)was comparable to that in the NRF group(25%,3/12).All TEAEs were of mild severity and were adjudicated by the investigators to be unrelated to chiglitazar.No serious AE were reported.Chiglitazar exhibits a favorable safety profile.Conclusion:Severe renal impairment does not significantly affect the PK and safety of chiglitazar,and no dose adjustment for mild,moderate,and severe renal impairments is required.展开更多
Gastric cancer(GC)remains a major global health challenge,because of its poor prognosis and limited treatment options in advanced stages1,2.Recent advancements in immunotherapy,highlighted by the findings of the CHECK...Gastric cancer(GC)remains a major global health challenge,because of its poor prognosis and limited treatment options in advanced stages1,2.Recent advancements in immunotherapy,highlighted by the findings of the CHECKMATE-649,ORIENT-16,and KEYNOTE-859 trials,have markedly transformed the treatment paradigm for advanced gastric cancer(AGC)3-5.展开更多
Dense cropping increases crop yield but intensifies resource competition,which reduces single plant yield and limits potential yield growth.Optimizing canopy spacing could enhance resource utilization,support crop mor...Dense cropping increases crop yield but intensifies resource competition,which reduces single plant yield and limits potential yield growth.Optimizing canopy spacing could enhance resource utilization,support crop morphological development and increase yield.Here,a three-year study was performed to verify the feasibility of adjusting row spacing to further enhance yield in densely planted soybeans.Of three row-spacing configurations(40-40,20-40,and 20-60 cm)and two planting densities(normal 180,000 plants ha 1 and high 270,000 plants ha 1).The differences in canopy structure,plant morphological development,photosynthetic capacity and their impact on yield were analyzed.Row spacing configurations have a significant effect on canopy transmittance(CT).The 20-60 cm row spacing configuration increased CT and creates a favorable canopy light environment,in which plant height is reduced,while branching is promoted.This approach reduces plant competition,optimizes the developments of leaf area per plant,specific leaf area,leaf area development rate,leaf area duration and photosynthetic physiological indices(F_(v)/F_(m),ETR,P_(n)).The significant increase of 11.9%-34.2%in canopy apparent photosynthesis(CAP)is attributed to the significant optimization of plant growth and photosynthetic physiology through CT,an important contributing factor to yield increases.The yield in the 20-60 cm treatment is 4.0%higher than in equidistant planting under normal planting density,but 5.9%under high density,primarily driven by CAP and pod number.These findings suggest that suitable row spacing configurations optimize the light environment for plants,promote source-sink transformation in soybeans,and further improve yield.In practice,a 20-60 cm row spacing configuration could be employed for high-density soybean planting to achieve a more substantial yield gain.展开更多
Significant exploration progress has been made in ultra-deep clastic rocks in the Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin,over recent years.A new round of comprehensive geological research has formed four new understandings:(1)Es...Significant exploration progress has been made in ultra-deep clastic rocks in the Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin,over recent years.A new round of comprehensive geological research has formed four new understandings:(1)Establish structural model consisting of multi-detachment composite,multi-stage structural superposition and multi-layer deformation.Multi-stage structural traps are overlapped vertically,and a series of structural traps are discovered in underlying ultra-deep layers.(2)Five sets of high-quality large-scale source rocks of three types of organic phases are developed in the Triassic and Jurassic systems,and forming a good combination of source-reservoir-cap rocks in ultra-deep layers with three sets of large-scale regional reservoir and cap rocks.(3)The formation of large oil and gas fields is controlled by four factors which are source,reservoir,cap rocks and fault.Based on the spatial configuration relationship of these four factors,a new three-dimensional reservoir formation model for ultra-deep clastic rocks in the Kuqa Depression has been established.(4)The next key exploration fields for ultra-deep clastic rocks in the Kuqa Depression include conventional and unconventional oil and gas.The conventional oil and gas fields include the deep multi-layer oil-gas accumulation zone in Kelasu,tight sandstone gas of Jurassic Ahe Formation in the northern structural zone,multi-target layer lithological oil and gas reservoirs in Zhongqiu–Dina structural zone,lithologic-stratigraphic and buried hill composite reservoirs in south slope and other favorable areas.Unconventional oil and gas fields include deep coal rock gas of Jurassic Kezilenuer and Yangxia formations,Triassic Tariqike Formation and Middle-Lower Jurassic and Upper Triassic continental shale gas.The achievements have important reference significance for enriching the theory of ultra-deep clastic rock oil and gas exploration and guiding the future oil and gas exploration deployment.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278021)State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering(No.SKL-ChE-23A01).
文摘Achieving high selectivity to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA)in the photocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)in aqueous solution advocates the principle of green and sustainable chemistry,but still remains a significant challenge.Herein,manipulating the reactive oxygen species(ROS)has been realized and dramatically promotes the selective photocatalytic oxidation of HMF in aqueous solution.A high FDCAyield of 98.6% has been achieved after 3 h of visible light irradiation over the as-prepared FeO_(x)-Au/TiO_(2) catalyst,being one of the leading photocatalytic performances.Furthermore,satisfactory FDCA yields of higher than 80%could be realized even in the outdoor environment under natural sunlight irradiation,regardless of sunny or cloudy weather.A combination study including physical characterization,kinetic analysis,radical trapping experiments and density functional theory calculations unveils the rate-determining step(oxidation of hydroxyl group)and respective contributions of the generated ROS(1O_(2) and·O_(2)-)in each step of the entire reaction network.The present work would push ahead the understanding of HMF photocatalytic oxidation and contribute to the rational design of high-performance photocatalysts.
基金supported by the Samsung Research Funding&Incubation Center of Samsung Electronics under Project No.SRFC-MA2402-05supported by the KENTECH Center for Shared Research Facilities。
文摘The performance degradation of micro light-emitting diodes(micro-LEDs)is closely associated with the deterioration of sidewall passivation layers under prolonged electrical bias.We investigate reliability improvements in 20μm×20μm InGaN/GaN blue micro-LEDs by suppressing the formation of an unstable interfacial layer during sidewall passivation.SiO_(2)is deposited on the etched mesa sidewalls using either Sputtering or plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition(PECVD).Comparative analysis reveals that PECVD-passivated devices experience more severe performance degradation,primarily due to the increased leakage current.After 100 h of accelerated aging,external quantum efficiency decreases by 44%in PECVD-passivated samples,whereas Sputter-passivated devices exhibit only an11%reduction.This discrepancy is attributed to the formation of a thicker and chemically unstable gallium oxynitride(Ga-O_(X)-N_(1-X))interfacial layer at the SiO_(2)∕GaN-based interface,which facilitates the generation of sidewall defects.Suppressing the formation of this interlayer enhances the crystallinity and structural stability of the passivation layer,thereby mitigating the activation of point defects.Notably,Sputter deposition is more effective in minimizing the formation of Ga-O-N interlayer.These findings emphasize the critical role of achieving low-defect-density sidewall passivation to improve the reliability of micro-LEDs for next-generation high-resolution display applications.
基金the financial support by the Major Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Project in Heilongjiang Province(ZC2023SH0075)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52425401,U2441255,52474377,and 52371015)+1 种基金the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by·CAST(2021QNRC001)the Henan Provincial Key Research and Development&Promotion Special Program(251111231400)。
文摘Ti-5Al-5Mo-5Cr-2Zr-xNb with different Nb(abbreviated as Ti-5552-xNb,x=3,6,9,12,wt.%)contents were stretched at 923 K to study their superplastic behavior and mechanical properties below recrystallization temperature.The microstructure of as-cast Ti-5552-xNb alloy is consisted of a singleβphase,and theβgrain size increases slightly with the increase of Nb content.The thermal effect in the process of high temperature drawing leads to the precipitation ofαphase.The addition of Nb in Ti-5552 titanium alloys reduces theα/βphase transformation temperature,which causes a decrease in the volume fraction ofαphase.Reducing theαphase content reduces incompatibility,but too low a proportion ofαphase will lead to premature fracture,so tensile strength and plasticity firstly increase and then decrease.The results show that Ti-5552-9Nb titanium alloy shows the best tensile strength(307.2 MPa)and superplasticity(106%).The superplastic mechanism of Ti-5552-9Nb alloy is mainly caused by relative sliding ofβgrain boundaries and dislocation movement.
基金the financial support by the Major Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Project in Heilongjiang Province(No.ZC2023SH0075)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52425401,U2441255,52474377,and 52371015)+1 种基金the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship·Program by CAST(No.2021QNRC001)the Henan Provincial Key Research and Development&Promotion Special Program(No.251111231400)。
文摘The microstructure of high Nb-TiAl alloys was optimized by the addition of a small amount of Ta elements to further improve their properties.A series of Ti46Al1.5Cr8Nb-xTa(x=0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0,at.%)alloys were prepared by vacuum arc melting.The microstructure,mechanical properties,and related influencing mechanisms were systematically investigated.The results indicate that the solidification microstructure of the Ti46Al1.5Cr8Nb-xTa alloys comprises theγ-TiAl phase,α_(2)-Ti_(3)Al phase,and B2 phase.As the Ta content increases from 0.2 at.%to 1.0 at.%,the content ofα_(2)phase and B2 phase increases,while theγphase content decreases.Among them,the B2 phase shows the most pronounced change,being significantly refined,with its content increasing from 12.49%to 21.91%.In addition,the average size of the lamellar colony decreases from 160.65 to 94.44μm.The addition of the Ta element shifts the solidification path toward lower aluminum concentrations,leading to changes in phase content.The tantalum-induced increase in the B2 phase and enhanced supercooling at the solidification front provide the basis for lamellar colony refinement.Compressive testing at room temperature reveals that the Ti46 Al1.5 Cr8 Nb0.4 Ta alloy exhibits optimal compressive properties,achieving a compressive strength of 2,434 MPa and a compressive strain of 33.1%.The improvement of its properties is attributed to a combination of lamellar colony refinement,solid solution strengthening resulting from the incorporation of Ta element,and a reduction in the c/a of theγphase.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA0400000)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2021253)+1 种基金the Major Science and Technology Projects of China National Offshore Oil Corporation Limited during the 14th Five Year Plan(No.KJGG-2022-12-CCUS-030500)the Photon Science Center for Carbon Neutrality of Chinese Academy of Science.
文摘When the operating temperature of a solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC)is lower than the outlet temperature of a nuclear reactor,the reactor can be directly coupled with the SOEC as a high-temperature heat source.However,the key to the efficiency and return on investment of this hybrid energy system lies in the expected lifetime of the SOEC.This study assessed Ni-YSZ|YSZ|GDC|LSC fuel electrode support cells’long-term stability during electrolysis at 650℃with a current density of−0.5Acm^(−2)over 1818 h.The average voltage degradation rate of 2.63%kh^(−1)unfolded in two phases:an initial rapid decay(90 to 1120 h at 3.58%kh^(−1))and a stable decay(1120 to 1818 h at 2.14%kh^(−1)),emphasizing SOECs’probability coupling with nuclear reactors at 650℃.Post-1818-hour electrolysis revealed nickel particle formation associated with Ni(OH)_(x)diffusion and re-deposition,alongside a strontium-containing layer causing interface cracking.Despite minimal strontium segregation in the EDS,XPS data indicated surface segregation of Sr.This study provides crucial insights into prolonged SOEC operation,highlighting both its potential and challenges.
基金Supported by the Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2022A1515010783)the Sustainable Development Program of Shenzhen Science and Technology Major Program(No.KCXFZ20240903093925033)+4 种基金the Guangdong Provincial Special Project in Science and Technology(No.2021A05240)the Special Project in Key Fields of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions(No.2021ZDZX2064)the Basic Research Project of Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(No.JCYJ20220530162014032)the Zhanjiang Marine Youth Talent Innovation Project(No.2022E05010)the Program for Scientific Research Start-up Funds of Guangdong Ocean University(Nos.R18008,060302042201)。
文摘Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a complex neurodegenerative disorder associated with changes in inflammation,oxidative stress,and gut microbiota composition.Butyrolactone Ⅰ(BTL-Ⅰ),a fungal metabolite,has shown anti-inflammatory,microbiota regulating,and memory-improving potentials in previous in vitro and AlCl3-induced zebrafish studies.However,its effects of memory-improving and gutbrain axis regulating on Aβ-induced mammalian AD models have not been explored.In this study,intragastric administrated BTL-Ⅰ ameliorated cognitive deficits related to recognition and spatial memory impaired by Aβ_(1-42)intracerebroventricular injection in mice.BTL-Ⅰ maintained gut microbiota balance by increasing the abundance of Blautia,Muribaculaceae,Bacteroides,Akkermansia,etc.,and decreasing CAG-352,Clostridia UCG-014,different Lachnospiraceae groups,etc.,and Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio and elevated the levels of short-chain fatty acids.Additionally,it alleviated intestinal oxidative stress,inflammatory responses,and pathological damage.Furthermore,BTL-I reversed Aβ_(1-42)-induced activation of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus and inhibited the elevated oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines in both plasma and brain.The correlation analysis between the regulated taxa and biomarkers supports the role of gut microbiota in adjusting inflammation,oxidative stress,and memory.In conclusion,BTL-I may serve as a valuable drug lead for treating Alzheimer’s disease by systematically inhibiting microbiota imbalance,inflammation,and oxidative stress along the gut-brain axis.
基金supported by the Inoue Enryo Memorial Grant of Toyo University(2023No.63)the He’nan Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(No.252300420433)the Leading goose research and development plan of Zhejiang,China(No.2023C02039).
文摘To enhance the visible light response of titanium dioxide(TiO_(2)),titanium carbide(TiC)nanoparticles(NPs)were thermally treated in carbon powder,effectively overcoming the challenges associated with conventional doping methods.During the treatment,a TiO_(2)thin shell with oxygen vacancies(OVs)formed around the TiC NPs,creating a shell-core structure S-scheme photocatalyst.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and ultraviolet-visible(UV-vis)spectroscopy confirmed the successful formation of the TiO_(2)shell.By optimizing the shell thickness,the TiO_(2)-TiC shell-core structure achieved an ideal shell-core ratio,resulting in strong visible light absorption(400-800 nm),and the degradation rate constant of Rhodamine B(RhB)of sample cHT500 reached 0.0687 min^(−1),which is 20.8times higher than that of pristine TiO_(2)(0.0033 min^(−1))under visible-light irradiation.In addition,cytocompatibility tests showed that sample cHT500 exhibits favorable cell viability,which is comparable to that of TiO_(2)nanoparticles,and thus remarkably mitigates the poor biocompatibility inherent to TiC,making them promising candidates for biomedical and photocatalytic applications.
文摘The original online version of this article was revised:The layout update for Article 758 has impacted the page range in the published issue,but did not affect the scholarly content.To ensure consistency with the originally assigned pages(2595-2614),we will need to publish an erratum to correct the article and restore the original page range.The original article has been corrected.
文摘Background:Chiglitazar is a novel pan-agonist that can activate all three subtypes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor.It was approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus as monotherapy on October 19,2021,and as combination therapy with metformin when using metformin alone failed in blood glucose control on July 16,2024,by the National Medical Products Administration(NMPA)in China.However,pharmacokinetic(PK)study of this product in patients with renal impairment have not yet been conducted.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of renal impairment on the PK and safety after a single oral dose of Chiglitazar.Methods:This multicenter,open-label,parallel-controlled,single-dose Phase I clinical trial(NCT 05515458)enrolled 24 participants(12/group)with severe renal impairment(SRI)or normal renal function(NRF).All participants received a single oral dose of 48 mg chiglitazar after breakfast and the PK and safety was evaluated.Results:The median Tmax was similar in both SRI and NRF groups(5.01 vs.5.02 hours).The geometric mean ratios(GMR)for Cmax,AUC0-t,and AUC0-∞were 0.807(90%confidence interval[CI]:0.697–0.935),0.853(90%CI:0.713–1.02),and 0.855(90%CI:0.716–1.02),respectively,indicating that SRI did not significantly affect the exposure of chiglitazar.The Cmax was weakly positively correlated with eGFR(r=0.4798,P=0.0177)and creatinine clearance rate(r=0.4667,P=0.0215).Urinary excretion of chiglitazar was negligible in the SRI group,with average values of Ae0-t=2,900 ng,Fe0-t=0.0060%,and CLR=0.323 mL/h within 0–72 hours post-dose.The treatment-emergent adverse event(TEAE)incidence in the SRI group(16.7%,2/12)was comparable to that in the NRF group(25%,3/12).All TEAEs were of mild severity and were adjudicated by the investigators to be unrelated to chiglitazar.No serious AE were reported.Chiglitazar exhibits a favorable safety profile.Conclusion:Severe renal impairment does not significantly affect the PK and safety of chiglitazar,and no dose adjustment for mild,moderate,and severe renal impairments is required.
基金supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant no.2021YFA0910100)Healthy Zhejiang One Million People Cohort(Grant no.K-20230085)+5 种基金Post-doctoral Innovative Talent Support Program(Grant no.BX2023375)Lingyan Project of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Science and Technology(Grant no.2025C02059)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.82304946,82473489,and 82403546)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant nos.LR21H280001,LGF22H160056,ZCLQN25H1602,and LMS25H160006)Medicine and Health Science Fund of Zhejiang Province Health Commission(Grant nos.2025KY047 and 2022KY658)Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission(Grant no.2022ZA023).
文摘Gastric cancer(GC)remains a major global health challenge,because of its poor prognosis and limited treatment options in advanced stages1,2.Recent advancements in immunotherapy,highlighted by the findings of the CHECKMATE-649,ORIENT-16,and KEYNOTE-859 trials,have markedly transformed the treatment paradigm for advanced gastric cancer(AGC)3-5.
基金supported by the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0403305)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101845)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFE0105000)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-04).
文摘Dense cropping increases crop yield but intensifies resource competition,which reduces single plant yield and limits potential yield growth.Optimizing canopy spacing could enhance resource utilization,support crop morphological development and increase yield.Here,a three-year study was performed to verify the feasibility of adjusting row spacing to further enhance yield in densely planted soybeans.Of three row-spacing configurations(40-40,20-40,and 20-60 cm)and two planting densities(normal 180,000 plants ha 1 and high 270,000 plants ha 1).The differences in canopy structure,plant morphological development,photosynthetic capacity and their impact on yield were analyzed.Row spacing configurations have a significant effect on canopy transmittance(CT).The 20-60 cm row spacing configuration increased CT and creates a favorable canopy light environment,in which plant height is reduced,while branching is promoted.This approach reduces plant competition,optimizes the developments of leaf area per plant,specific leaf area,leaf area development rate,leaf area duration and photosynthetic physiological indices(F_(v)/F_(m),ETR,P_(n)).The significant increase of 11.9%-34.2%in canopy apparent photosynthesis(CAP)is attributed to the significant optimization of plant growth and photosynthetic physiology through CT,an important contributing factor to yield increases.The yield in the 20-60 cm treatment is 4.0%higher than in equidistant planting under normal planting density,but 5.9%under high density,primarily driven by CAP and pod number.These findings suggest that suitable row spacing configurations optimize the light environment for plants,promote source-sink transformation in soybeans,and further improve yield.In practice,a 20-60 cm row spacing configuration could be employed for high-density soybean planting to achieve a more substantial yield gain.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22B6002)PetroChina Science and Technology Project(2023ZZ14).
文摘Significant exploration progress has been made in ultra-deep clastic rocks in the Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin,over recent years.A new round of comprehensive geological research has formed four new understandings:(1)Establish structural model consisting of multi-detachment composite,multi-stage structural superposition and multi-layer deformation.Multi-stage structural traps are overlapped vertically,and a series of structural traps are discovered in underlying ultra-deep layers.(2)Five sets of high-quality large-scale source rocks of three types of organic phases are developed in the Triassic and Jurassic systems,and forming a good combination of source-reservoir-cap rocks in ultra-deep layers with three sets of large-scale regional reservoir and cap rocks.(3)The formation of large oil and gas fields is controlled by four factors which are source,reservoir,cap rocks and fault.Based on the spatial configuration relationship of these four factors,a new three-dimensional reservoir formation model for ultra-deep clastic rocks in the Kuqa Depression has been established.(4)The next key exploration fields for ultra-deep clastic rocks in the Kuqa Depression include conventional and unconventional oil and gas.The conventional oil and gas fields include the deep multi-layer oil-gas accumulation zone in Kelasu,tight sandstone gas of Jurassic Ahe Formation in the northern structural zone,multi-target layer lithological oil and gas reservoirs in Zhongqiu–Dina structural zone,lithologic-stratigraphic and buried hill composite reservoirs in south slope and other favorable areas.Unconventional oil and gas fields include deep coal rock gas of Jurassic Kezilenuer and Yangxia formations,Triassic Tariqike Formation and Middle-Lower Jurassic and Upper Triassic continental shale gas.The achievements have important reference significance for enriching the theory of ultra-deep clastic rock oil and gas exploration and guiding the future oil and gas exploration deployment.
