The micro-CT imaging of vasculature is a powerful tool for evaluation of angiogenesis,a prominent characteristic of hepatic fibrosis.The segment or bifurcation density,which is usually adopted to evaluate the degree o...The micro-CT imaging of vasculature is a powerful tool for evaluation of angiogenesis,a prominent characteristic of hepatic fibrosis.The segment or bifurcation density,which is usually adopted to evaluate the degree of hepatic fibrosis,does not always work and may lead to incorrect assessment,especially when the threedimensional vasculature obtained is imperfect in sample preparation or image collection.In this paper,we propose a new parameter to solve this problem.The experimental results demonstrate that the method is robust and reliable,and is practical for angiogenesis evaluation,despite of image data imperfections.This quantitative analysis method can be extended to investigate other kinds of diseases in which vasculature change is a key indicator.展开更多
①评价体力活动多和体力活动少的健康人群以及早期骨关节炎病人的局灶性软骨异常的程度。②确定T2和T1rho的测量对无症状的、体力活动多的人群的局灶性软骨病变的诊断价值。13例无症状、体力活动多的健康人，7例无症状、体力活动少的健...①评价体力活动多和体力活动少的健康人群以及早期骨关节炎病人的局灶性软骨异常的程度。②确定T2和T1rho的测量对无症状的、体力活动多的人群的局灶性软骨病变的诊断价值。13例无症状、体力活动多的健康人，7例无症状、体力活动少的健康人，17例轻度骨关节炎病人，接受了3．0 T MR膝关节检查。展开更多
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is an incurable neurological condition that results in a progressive mental deterioration. Although definitive diagnosis of AD is difficult, in practice, AD...Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is an incurable neurological condition that results in a progressive mental deterioration. Although definitive diagnosis of AD is difficult, in practice, AD diagnosis is largely based on clinical history and neuropsychological data including magnetic resource imaging (MRI). Increasing research has been reported on applying machine learning to AD recognition in recent years. This paper presents our latest contribution to the advance. It describes an automatic AD recognition algorithm that is based on deep learning on 3D brain MRI. The algorithm uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) to fulfil AD recognition. It is unique in that the three dimensional topology of brain is considered as a whole in AD recognition, resulting in an accurate recognition. The CNN used in this study consists of three consecutive groups of processing layers, two fully connected layers and a classification layer. In the structure, every one of the three groups is made up of three layers, including a convolutional layer, a pooling layer and a normalization layer. The algorithm was trained and tested using the MRI data from Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. The data used include the MRI scanning of about 47 AD patients and 34 normal controls. The experiment had shown that the proposed algorithm delivered a high AD recognition accuracy with a sensitivity of 1 and a specificity of 0.93.展开更多
Retrieving electrical impedance maps at the nanoscale rapidly via nondestructive inspection with a high signal-to-noise ratio is an unmet need,likely to impact various applications from biomedicine to energy conversio...Retrieving electrical impedance maps at the nanoscale rapidly via nondestructive inspection with a high signal-to-noise ratio is an unmet need,likely to impact various applications from biomedicine to energy conversion.In this study,we develop a multimodal functional imaging instrument that is characterized by the dual capability of impedance mapping and phase quantitation,high spatial resolution,and low temporal noise.To achieve this,we advance a quantitative phase imaging system,referred to as epi-magnified image spatial spectrum microscopy combined with electrical actuation,to provide complementary maps of the optical path and electrical impedance.We demonstrate our system with high-resolution maps of optical path differences and electrical impedance variations that can distinguish nanosized,semi-transparent,structured coatings involving two materials with relatively similar electrical properties.We map heterogeneous interfaces corresponding to an indium tin oxide layer exposed by holes with diameters as small as~550 nm in a titanium(dioxide)over-layer deposited on a glass support.We show that electrical modulation during the phase imaging of a macro-electrode is decisive for retrieving electrical impedance distributions with submicron spatial resolution-and beyond the limitations of electrode-based technologies(surface or scanning technologies).The findings,which are substantiated by a theoretical model that fits the experimental data very well enable achieving electro-optical maps with high spatial and temporal resolutions.The virtues and limitations of the novel optoelectrochemical method that provides grounds for a wider range of electrically modulated optical methods for measuring the electric field locally are critically discussed.展开更多
Hippocampal volume loss is an important biomarker in distinguishing subjects with Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） and its measurement in magnetic resonance images （MRI） is influenced by partial volume effects （PVE）. T...Hippocampal volume loss is an important biomarker in distinguishing subjects with Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） and its measurement in magnetic resonance images （MRI） is influenced by partial volume effects （PVE）. This paper describes a post-processing approach to quantify PVE for correction of the hippocampal volume by using a spatial fuzzyC-means （SFCM） method. The algorithm is evaluated on a dataset of 20 T1-weighted MRI scans sampled at two different resolutions. The corrected volumes for left and right hippocampus （HC） which are 23% and 18% for the low resolution and 6% and 5% for the high resolution datasets, respectively are lower than hippocampal volume results from manual segmentation. Results show the importance of applying this technique in AD detection with low resolution datasets.展开更多
One hundred and sixty-one surgically resected gastric carcinomas and 5 stomachs obtained at necropsy were evaluated using anti chromogranin A (CgA). CgA-Positive cells were found in 55 of 161 gastric carcinoma. Endocr...One hundred and sixty-one surgically resected gastric carcinomas and 5 stomachs obtained at necropsy were evaluated using anti chromogranin A (CgA). CgA-Positive cells were found in 55 of 161 gastric carcinoma. Endocrine cells (EC) of the 55 cases of rumors and extratumoral mucosa and 5 normal gastric mucosa were distinguished by immunoreastive gastrin (CAST), somatostatin (SS), serotonin (SERO), calcitonin (CT), ACTH, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) , glucagon (GLU) , pancreatic polypeptide (PP), bombesin (BOM). Each type EC in extratumoral mucosa was quantitated by Image analyser. TWO variants of changes of EC were identified on the basis of presence or absence of associated antral atrophy. In the group of antral atrophy, amount of G cells decreases than normal control (58. 7mm2, P<0. 001); D cells and BOM-positive cell also decrease; GLU-positive cells distributing in glands of intestinal metaplasia increase (18. 6/mm2, P<0. 001) in antral mucosa. There is not obvious change in the average thickness of fundic mucosa (1. 42mm, P>0. 05). Intestinal type carcinoma was more found in this group. G cell hyperplasia was observed in nontrophic antral extratumorel mucosa (211/mm2, P< 0. 001). G cell and D cell is in a ratio of about 14 to 1, however It is about 7. 6 to 1 in normal gastric antrum. BOM-positive cells are hyperplasia. The average thickness of fundic mucosa was found to be increased (1. 92mm, P<0.05). Diffuse type carcinoma was more found in this group. PP, ACTH, HCG-positive cells were discovered in the two groups. It suggests that endocrine substances may act as promoters of tumor growth and that different kinds of hormones may play a effect on different type of gastric carcinoma.展开更多
In 1969,Emil Wolf proposed diffraction tomography using coherent holographic imaging to extract 3D information from transparent,inhomogeneous objects.In the same era,the Wolf equations were first used to describe the ...In 1969,Emil Wolf proposed diffraction tomography using coherent holographic imaging to extract 3D information from transparent,inhomogeneous objects.In the same era,the Wolf equations were first used to describe the propagation correlations associated with partially coherent fields.Combining these two concepts,we present Wolf phase tomography(WPT),which is a method for performing diffraction tomography using partially coherent fields.WPT reconstruction works directly in the space-time domain,without the need for Fourier transformation,and decouples the refractive index(RI)distribution from the thickness of the sample.We demonstrate the WPT principle using the data acquired by a quantitative-phase-imaging method that upgrades an existing phase-contrast microscope by introducing controlled phase shifts between the incident and scattered fields.The illumination field in WPT is partially spatially coherent(emerging from a ring-shaped pupil function)and of low temporal coherence(white light),and as such,it is well suited for the Wolf equations.From three intensity measurements corresponding to different phase-contrast frames,the 3D RI distribution is obtained immediately by computing the Laplacian and second time derivative of the measured complex correlation function.We validate WPT with measurements of standard samples(microbeads),spermatozoa,and live neural cultures.The high throughput and simplicity of this method enables the study of 3D,dynamic events in living cells across the entire multiwell plate,with an RI sensitivity on the order of 10^(−5).展开更多
Most whole slide imaging(WSI)systems today rely on the"stop-and-stare"approach,where,at each field of view,the scanning stage is brought to a complete stop before the camera snaps a picture.This procedure en...Most whole slide imaging(WSI)systems today rely on the"stop-and-stare"approach,where,at each field of view,the scanning stage is brought to a complete stop before the camera snaps a picture.This procedure ensures that each image is free of motion blur,which comes at the expense of long acquisition times.In order to speed up the acquisition process,especially for large scanning areas,such as pathology slides,we developed an acquisition method in which the data is acquired continuously while the stage is moving at high speeds.Using generative adversarial networks(GANs),we demonstrate this ultra-fast imaging approach,referred to as GANscan,which restores sharp images from motion blurred videos.GANscan allows us to complete image acquisitions at 30x the throughput of stop-and-stare systems.This method is implemented on a Zeiss Axio Observer Z1 microscope,requires no specialized hardware,and accomplishes successful reconstructions at stage speeds of up to 5000 μm/s.We validate the proposed method by imaging H&E stained tissue sections.Our method not only retrieves crisp images from fast,continuous scans,but also adjusts for defocusing that occurs during scanning within+/-5 μm.Using a consumer GPU,the inference runs at<20 ms/image.展开更多
The coherent interaction between an electromagnetic field and a 3D weakly scattering medium results in a simple Fourier transform relationship between the object’s structure and the complex scattered field1.As a resu...The coherent interaction between an electromagnetic field and a 3D weakly scattering medium results in a simple Fourier transform relationship between the object’s structure and the complex scattered field1.As a result,knowledge about the phase of the scattered field is necessary for solving this inverse problem with a unique solution.However,in applications,such as X-ray crystallography,typically one only has experimental access to the amplitude of the diffracted field,which results in ambiguities of the reconstruction.This century-old challenge,known as“the phase problem”2 motivated the development of computational algorithms combined with a priori knowledge about the object of interest to limit the solution space.While generally successful,this approach sometimes led to multiple solutions,i.e.,different inferred object structures for the same set of data:“Not all the guesses have been successful.This is clear,for example,from the following:Two different structures were predicted for the mineral bixbyite,one by L.Pauling,the other by W.H.Zachariasen.It is not known which,if either,is correct.”(Chapter 7 in ref.2).展开更多
In 1948,predating lasers by more than a decade,Gabor proposed a“new microscopic principle”,which was initially aimed at correcting spherical aberrations in electron microscopy1.While the method has not produced an i...In 1948,predating lasers by more than a decade,Gabor proposed a“new microscopic principle”,which was initially aimed at correcting spherical aberrations in electron microscopy1.While the method has not produced an impact in its originally intended field,it opened a new direction,known as holography,in optics.Gabor’s technique allows one to store phase information by recording on film the intensity of a field emerging at a certain distance from an object.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2010CB834301)CAS-CSIRO Collaborative Research Project(GJHZ1303)+1 种基金the Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.11ZR1407800)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1232205,81430087 and81271574)
文摘The micro-CT imaging of vasculature is a powerful tool for evaluation of angiogenesis,a prominent characteristic of hepatic fibrosis.The segment or bifurcation density,which is usually adopted to evaluate the degree of hepatic fibrosis,does not always work and may lead to incorrect assessment,especially when the threedimensional vasculature obtained is imperfect in sample preparation or image collection.In this paper,we propose a new parameter to solve this problem.The experimental results demonstrate that the method is robust and reliable,and is practical for angiogenesis evaluation,despite of image data imperfections.This quantitative analysis method can be extended to investigate other kinds of diseases in which vasculature change is a key indicator.
文摘Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is an incurable neurological condition that results in a progressive mental deterioration. Although definitive diagnosis of AD is difficult, in practice, AD diagnosis is largely based on clinical history and neuropsychological data including magnetic resource imaging (MRI). Increasing research has been reported on applying machine learning to AD recognition in recent years. This paper presents our latest contribution to the advance. It describes an automatic AD recognition algorithm that is based on deep learning on 3D brain MRI. The algorithm uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) to fulfil AD recognition. It is unique in that the three dimensional topology of brain is considered as a whole in AD recognition, resulting in an accurate recognition. The CNN used in this study consists of three consecutive groups of processing layers, two fully connected layers and a classification layer. In the structure, every one of the three groups is made up of three layers, including a convolutional layer, a pooling layer and a normalization layer. The algorithm was trained and tested using the MRI data from Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. The data used include the MRI scanning of about 47 AD patients and 34 normal controls. The experiment had shown that the proposed algorithm delivered a high AD recognition accuracy with a sensitivity of 1 and a specificity of 0.93.
基金the Romanian Executive Unit for Higher Education,Research,Development and Innovation Funding for funding through Grants ERANET Euronanomed(NanoLight,135),Permed(POC4Allergies,138),ERANET-M-(SmartMatter,173)The support of the Attract project funded by the EC(HORIZON 2020-Grant Agreement no.777222)+1 种基金The support of Fonds europeen de developpement regional(FEDER)and the Walloon region under the Operational Program“Wallonia-2020.EU”(project CLEARPOWER)is gratefully acknowledged.G.P.,M.E.K.,H M,received funding from EBICS(US NSF,0939511)supported by MBM(US NSF,NRT-UtB,1735252)GP is grateful to NSF(0939511)and NIH(R01-GM129709 and R01-CA238191)。
文摘Retrieving electrical impedance maps at the nanoscale rapidly via nondestructive inspection with a high signal-to-noise ratio is an unmet need,likely to impact various applications from biomedicine to energy conversion.In this study,we develop a multimodal functional imaging instrument that is characterized by the dual capability of impedance mapping and phase quantitation,high spatial resolution,and low temporal noise.To achieve this,we advance a quantitative phase imaging system,referred to as epi-magnified image spatial spectrum microscopy combined with electrical actuation,to provide complementary maps of the optical path and electrical impedance.We demonstrate our system with high-resolution maps of optical path differences and electrical impedance variations that can distinguish nanosized,semi-transparent,structured coatings involving two materials with relatively similar electrical properties.We map heterogeneous interfaces corresponding to an indium tin oxide layer exposed by holes with diameters as small as~550 nm in a titanium(dioxide)over-layer deposited on a glass support.We show that electrical modulation during the phase imaging of a macro-electrode is decisive for retrieving electrical impedance distributions with submicron spatial resolution-and beyond the limitations of electrode-based technologies(surface or scanning technologies).The findings,which are substantiated by a theoretical model that fits the experimental data very well enable achieving electro-optical maps with high spatial and temporal resolutions.The virtues and limitations of the novel optoelectrochemical method that provides grounds for a wider range of electrically modulated optical methods for measuring the electric field locally are critically discussed.
文摘Hippocampal volume loss is an important biomarker in distinguishing subjects with Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） and its measurement in magnetic resonance images （MRI） is influenced by partial volume effects （PVE）. This paper describes a post-processing approach to quantify PVE for correction of the hippocampal volume by using a spatial fuzzyC-means （SFCM） method. The algorithm is evaluated on a dataset of 20 T1-weighted MRI scans sampled at two different resolutions. The corrected volumes for left and right hippocampus （HC） which are 23% and 18% for the low resolution and 6% and 5% for the high resolution datasets, respectively are lower than hippocampal volume results from manual segmentation. Results show the importance of applying this technique in AD detection with low resolution datasets.
文摘One hundred and sixty-one surgically resected gastric carcinomas and 5 stomachs obtained at necropsy were evaluated using anti chromogranin A (CgA). CgA-Positive cells were found in 55 of 161 gastric carcinoma. Endocrine cells (EC) of the 55 cases of rumors and extratumoral mucosa and 5 normal gastric mucosa were distinguished by immunoreastive gastrin (CAST), somatostatin (SS), serotonin (SERO), calcitonin (CT), ACTH, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) , glucagon (GLU) , pancreatic polypeptide (PP), bombesin (BOM). Each type EC in extratumoral mucosa was quantitated by Image analyser. TWO variants of changes of EC were identified on the basis of presence or absence of associated antral atrophy. In the group of antral atrophy, amount of G cells decreases than normal control (58. 7mm2, P<0. 001); D cells and BOM-positive cell also decrease; GLU-positive cells distributing in glands of intestinal metaplasia increase (18. 6/mm2, P<0. 001) in antral mucosa. There is not obvious change in the average thickness of fundic mucosa (1. 42mm, P>0. 05). Intestinal type carcinoma was more found in this group. G cell hyperplasia was observed in nontrophic antral extratumorel mucosa (211/mm2, P< 0. 001). G cell and D cell is in a ratio of about 14 to 1, however It is about 7. 6 to 1 in normal gastric antrum. BOM-positive cells are hyperplasia. The average thickness of fundic mucosa was found to be increased (1. 92mm, P<0.05). Diffuse type carcinoma was more found in this group. PP, ACTH, HCG-positive cells were discovered in the two groups. It suggests that endocrine substances may act as promoters of tumor growth and that different kinds of hormones may play a effect on different type of gastric carcinoma.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation(CBET0939511 STC,NRT-UtB 1735252)the National Institute of General Medical Sciences(GM129709)the National Cancer Institute(CA238191).
文摘In 1969,Emil Wolf proposed diffraction tomography using coherent holographic imaging to extract 3D information from transparent,inhomogeneous objects.In the same era,the Wolf equations were first used to describe the propagation correlations associated with partially coherent fields.Combining these two concepts,we present Wolf phase tomography(WPT),which is a method for performing diffraction tomography using partially coherent fields.WPT reconstruction works directly in the space-time domain,without the need for Fourier transformation,and decouples the refractive index(RI)distribution from the thickness of the sample.We demonstrate the WPT principle using the data acquired by a quantitative-phase-imaging method that upgrades an existing phase-contrast microscope by introducing controlled phase shifts between the incident and scattered fields.The illumination field in WPT is partially spatially coherent(emerging from a ring-shaped pupil function)and of low temporal coherence(white light),and as such,it is well suited for the Wolf equations.From three intensity measurements corresponding to different phase-contrast frames,the 3D RI distribution is obtained immediately by computing the Laplacian and second time derivative of the measured complex correlation function.We validate WPT with measurements of standard samples(microbeads),spermatozoa,and live neural cultures.The high throughput and simplicity of this method enables the study of 3D,dynamic events in living cells across the entire multiwell plate,with an RI sensitivity on the order of 10^(−5).
基金This work was funded bythe National Institute of Health(R01CA238191,R01GM129709)。
文摘Most whole slide imaging(WSI)systems today rely on the"stop-and-stare"approach,where,at each field of view,the scanning stage is brought to a complete stop before the camera snaps a picture.This procedure ensures that each image is free of motion blur,which comes at the expense of long acquisition times.In order to speed up the acquisition process,especially for large scanning areas,such as pathology slides,we developed an acquisition method in which the data is acquired continuously while the stage is moving at high speeds.Using generative adversarial networks(GANs),we demonstrate this ultra-fast imaging approach,referred to as GANscan,which restores sharp images from motion blurred videos.GANscan allows us to complete image acquisitions at 30x the throughput of stop-and-stare systems.This method is implemented on a Zeiss Axio Observer Z1 microscope,requires no specialized hardware,and accomplishes successful reconstructions at stage speeds of up to 5000 μm/s.We validate the proposed method by imaging H&E stained tissue sections.Our method not only retrieves crisp images from fast,continuous scans,but also adjusts for defocusing that occurs during scanning within+/-5 μm.Using a consumer GPU,the inference runs at<20 ms/image.
文摘The coherent interaction between an electromagnetic field and a 3D weakly scattering medium results in a simple Fourier transform relationship between the object’s structure and the complex scattered field1.As a result,knowledge about the phase of the scattered field is necessary for solving this inverse problem with a unique solution.However,in applications,such as X-ray crystallography,typically one only has experimental access to the amplitude of the diffracted field,which results in ambiguities of the reconstruction.This century-old challenge,known as“the phase problem”2 motivated the development of computational algorithms combined with a priori knowledge about the object of interest to limit the solution space.While generally successful,this approach sometimes led to multiple solutions,i.e.,different inferred object structures for the same set of data:“Not all the guesses have been successful.This is clear,for example,from the following:Two different structures were predicted for the mineral bixbyite,one by L.Pauling,the other by W.H.Zachariasen.It is not known which,if either,is correct.”(Chapter 7 in ref.2).
文摘In 1948,predating lasers by more than a decade,Gabor proposed a“new microscopic principle”,which was initially aimed at correcting spherical aberrations in electron microscopy1.While the method has not produced an impact in its originally intended field,it opened a new direction,known as holography,in optics.Gabor’s technique allows one to store phase information by recording on film the intensity of a field emerging at a certain distance from an object.
