In recent years,the prevalence of diabetes in China has increased significantly,and approximately 11.9%of Chinese adults had diabetes in 2020.Moreover,there are several rigorous challenges in diabetes prevention and g...In recent years,the prevalence of diabetes in China has increased significantly,and approximately 11.9%of Chinese adults had diabetes in 2020.Moreover,there are several rigorous challenges in diabetes prevention and glycaemic control,especially at the primary medical care level.In order to guide primary healthcare providers in providing comprehensive and continuous care to affected patients,the Office for Primary Diabetes Care of the National Basic Public Health Service Program and the Chinese Diabetes Society issued national guidelines for the prevention and control of diabetes at the primary care level in 2025.The management objects were adults with type 2 diabetes aged≥18 years.The main contents include basic requirements for management,health management process,diagnosis,screening,evaluation,treatment,recognition and management of acute complications,traditional Chinese medicine,referral and health management and education.展开更多
Antioxidant activities of W and E extracts obtained from dried boxthorn (Lycium chinensis) fruit were measured based on DPPH radical scavenging and reducing powers, and their relationships with total phenolics, flavon...Antioxidant activities of W and E extracts obtained from dried boxthorn (Lycium chinensis) fruit were measured based on DPPH radical scavenging and reducing powers, and their relationships with total phenolics, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity were investigated. A linear correlation among antioxidant activity, total phenolics, and flavonoid content was observed in concentration-dependent mode. Both extracts showed > 95% DPPH radical-scavenging activity and the higher reducing power of 3200 ppm at the same concentration. The antioxidant potential of both extracts were compared with those of commercial antioxidants such as BHA, BHT, TBHQ, ferulic acid, and α-tocopherol using H2O2 scavenging activity, inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation, inhibition of hemolysis of rat erythrocyte induced by peroxyl radicals, and inhibition of Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation using rat brain tissue. In the H2O2 scavenging activity, E extract showed a comparable significant antioxidant power, comparable to commercial antioxidants, and no signifi-cant difference (P > 0.05) was found between W and E extracts on inhibition of the linoleic acid peroxidation. Whereas W extract exhibited a significant power in the hemolysis of rat erythrocytes, none was observed in E extract. In the Fe-induced lipid peroxidation using rat brain tissue, no significant difference (P > 0.05) was found between both ex-tracts, showing a comparable activity with those of synthetic antioxidants. Both W and E extracts of dried boxthorn (Lycium chinensis) fruit may have a potential as natural antioxidants to replace synthetic antioxidants.展开更多
Point and nonpoint sources of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) can cause reductions in water quality, including eutrophication. Nonpoint pollution represents a special challenge because of dispersed not easily identifi...Point and nonpoint sources of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) can cause reductions in water quality, including eutrophication. Nonpoint pollution represents a special challenge because of dispersed not easily identifiable sources such as the runoff from soil, nutrients, and other chemicals from agricultural fields and residential areas. Laguna Cartagena is a tropical freshwater wetland, situated in southwestern Puerto Rico. It is a eutrophic ecosystem, and its eutrophication is caused by both external nutrient loading and internal, mainly by phosphorus. This wetland has been affected by phosphorus loading from inorganic agricultural fertilizer in this historically oligotrophic wetland system until the end of subsidized fertilizer use and sugar cane cultivation in the late 1990s. This study identifies: 1) nonpoint sources of phosphorus (SRP, Soluble Reactive Phosphorus and TP, Total Phosphorus) and nitrogen (nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia) that enter Laguna Cartagena;and 2) the role of precipitation events on the contributions of phosphorus and nitrogen loading to ecosystems. Herein we assess water samples from five channelized external sources of P and N that enter Laguna Cartagena at two-week intervals from October 2013 through November 2014. Rainfall data were obtained weekly from a rain gauge. Standard methods were used for all chemical analyses. Results showed that the channelized waterways that carry water to the lagoon can be classified as hypereutrophic (>100 μg/L) for TP concentrations and oligotrophic (<200 μg/L) for nitrogen concentrations. Currently agriculture (rice and cattle) is the predominant land use at the nearby University of Puerto Rico (UPR) Lajas Agricultural Experiment Substation, the predominant nonpoint source of nutrient pollution (SRP, TP and ammonia) in the principal channelized water sources to the lagoon. Current nutrient loads are likely derived from fertilizers applied to the Substation’s rice fields, and a high density livestock. The second important cause of external surface water degradation (SRP, TP and ammonia) is the discharge from rural households in the drainage basin that discharge greywater directly to the environment, as indicated by the results from Cerro Alto hills immediately to the north of the lagoon. Precipitation also was associated with SRP, TP and ammonia loads.展开更多
Maintaining the water quality of lakes and reservoirs is part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, an initiative promoted by the United Nations, including anthropogenic and natural factors that may influenc...Maintaining the water quality of lakes and reservoirs is part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, an initiative promoted by the United Nations, including anthropogenic and natural factors that may influence water quality. The water reservoirs of Puerto Rico were built in watersheds to provide runoff control and for primary uses. The Cerrillos Reservoir is one of the largest water reservoirs in southern Puerto Rico, and is used as a source of potable water and for recreational activities. After hurricane Maria, in September 2017, many communities were without public water service and have obtained their drinking water from local rivers or their tributaries, without filtration or purification treatment. This research explored the physical-chemical parameters of Cerrillos Reservoir’s surface water from May 2018 to January 2019. The objective of the present study is to assess seasonal variations in surface water quality with respect to physical (temperature, turbidity, and conductivity), chemical (nutrient concentrations: (Phosphorus (P) (Soluble Reactive Phosphorus, phosphate, or orthophosphate) and Nitrogen (N) (nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia)), pH, and dissolved oxygen), and biological (total coliforms and <em>Escherichia coli</em>) parameters. Results suggest that Cerrillos Reservoir did not exceed the parameters of temperature, turbidity, conductivity, pH and DO, established by the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources (PRDNER). The reservoir showed a stable trophic state in relation to inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen as N and P concentrations did not increase sufficiently to disrupt this ecosystem. However, total coliforms exceeded the maximum parameter (23 MPN/100mL - 994 MPN/100mL) established for the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources and are likely to be the results of the disruption caused by hurricane Maria.展开更多
Objectives: Obesity rates in US are substantially higher among African-Americans than Whites. Racial disparities in obesity are sometimes ascribed to racial differences in socio-economic-status (SES). We used data fro...Objectives: Obesity rates in US are substantially higher among African-Americans than Whites. Racial disparities in obesity are sometimes ascribed to racial differences in socio-economic-status (SES). We used data from three states in the southern region of the US with high rates of obesity, to examine the extent of racial disparities within SES categories, particularly examining whether disparities grow smaller at higher levels of income and education. Methods: We used data (2001-2009) from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) for 79,676 respondents, African-American and white, from Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana. Multivariate logistic regressions were estimated. Analyses were conducted separately for males and females, for the full sample and by levels of education, income and aggregate SES. Risk-differences (RD), and Relative-Risk-Ratios (RR) were reported to enable inspection of magnitudes of racial gaps, which more conventional odds-ratios does not allow researchers to do. Results: The obesity-gap between African-Americans and Whites is larger for females than males. For males the gap becomes smaller and insignificant in higher education and income categories. For females, the gap remains statistically significant and is of comparable magnitude across all education and income categories. Conclusions: Racial disparities in obesity among males can be largely attributed to SES differences. However, racial disparities among females cannot simply be attributed to racial disparities in SES. Thus, reducing racial differences in income and education may not help reduce disparities in obesity risk among White and African-American females. Further research is required to understand why racial disparities in obesity exist within specific SES categories for females.展开更多
Objective:To detect and identify filarial parasites in dried blood spots(DBS)collected from domestic cats using high resolution melting real-time PCR(HRM RT-PCR).Methods:A total of 208 DBS were collected from domestic...Objective:To detect and identify filarial parasites in dried blood spots(DBS)collected from domestic cats using high resolution melting real-time PCR(HRM RT-PCR).Methods:A total of 208 DBS were collected from domestic cats in a brugian filariasis endemic areas in Surat Thani Province,southern Thailand.Microfilariae were found in 9 blood slides using Giemsa-stained thick blood film.The extracted DNA from blood spot volumes of 10 and 20μL DBS with positive filarial parasites in cats were performed using HRM RT-PCR method.The primers were designed based on the partial mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene for identifying Brugia malayi,Brugia pahangi,Dirofilaria immitis.All purified samples were then detected.Results:Using different volumes of 10μL and 20μL DBS could easily distinguish filarial parasites and showed similar results.PCR amplicons of Brugia malayi,Brugia pahangi and Dirofilaria immitis were determined at melting peak(temperature)of 75.70℃,77.46℃,and 73.56℃,respectively.All 9 positive DBS samples showed positive Brugia pahangi and similar nucleotide sequences.Conclusions:This HRM RT-PCR method is able to diagnose,identify and discriminate filarial parasites collected from DBS,which is simple and inexpensive compared with other probe-based genotyping methods.Furthermore,this method is useful to survey,prevent and control filariasis.展开更多
Background and aims:Indonesian government is regulating a family planning program to restricted fertility among reproductive aged.However,participated of married male for using contraceptive is very lowest in Indonesi...Background and aims:Indonesian government is regulating a family planning program to restricted fertility among reproductive aged.However,participated of married male for using contraceptive is very lowest in Indonesia.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 168 of married male(84 of condom method and 84 of vasectomy method)from April to August 2019 in Jember regency of East Java,Indonesia using purposive sampling method.A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure sociodemographic and contraceptive method of participants.Chi square test was performed to analyze the differences of characteristic of contraceptive method of condom and vasectomy among married male(P<0.05).Results:There were a significant differenced ethnic(χ^2=7.664,P-value=0.006)and access of information(χ^2=8.111,P-value=0.044)between condom and vasectomy method among married male.Conclusion:Characteristics of ethnic and access information are related with contraceptive method choosing for using condom and vasectomy among married male in Indonesia.Therefore,accessibility of contraceptive method through health education should be implemented for married male in Indonesia setting regarding their social and cultural context.展开更多
Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease disseminated through the centuries in the whole world which causes symptoms that go from self-limited diseases to hemorrhagic manifestations and organ failure,including acute kidne...Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease disseminated through the centuries in the whole world which causes symptoms that go from self-limited diseases to hemorrhagic manifestations and organ failure,including acute kidney injury(AKI),composing the severe disease known as the Weil's syndrome.Mortality rates varies according to the clinical presentation and usually increases when kidney injury is present,and is even higher in the setting of pulmonary hemorrhage.There are recent advances in the search for novel biomarkers of renal involvement and early detection of AKI in leptospirosis,as well as in its pathophysiology.We review in this article the clinical aspects of leptospirosis-associated AKI and the perspectives for future research.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with long COVID symptoms among children and adolescents who have recovered from COVID-19.Methods:This study applied a cross-sectional approach within...Objective:To investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with long COVID symptoms among children and adolescents who have recovered from COVID-19.Methods:This study applied a cross-sectional approach within community settings in a southern province of Vietnam.A structured questionnaire featuring socio-demographic information and common long COVID symptoms was employed.Phi correlation coefficients assessed associations among pairs of long COVID symptoms.Additionally,multivariable logistic regression models were performed to investigate the risk factors of long COVID in recovered COVID-19 children and adolescents.Results:Among 422 participants,39.3%reported long COVID symptoms,with a prevalence of 45.2%(SD=0.5)in children and 22.2%(SD=0.4)in adolescents.Common symptoms reported were cough 34.6%(SD=0.5),fatigue 20.6%(SD=0.4),shortness of breath 10.9%(SD=0.3),and lack of appetite 6.6%(SD=0.3).Concerning risk factors of long COVID,a higher risk was observed among demographic groups,including girls(OR 1.25,95%CI 1.15-1.37;P<0.001,reference:boys),children compared to adolescents(OR 1.24,95%CI 1.12-1.37;P<0.001),overweight individuals(OR 1.14,95%CI 1.02-1.27;P=0.018,reference:healthy weight),and participants without any COVID-19 vaccination(OR 1.36,95%CI 1.20-1.54;P<0.001),or have received only one single dose(OR 1.35,95%CI 1.10-1.64;P=0.004)compared to those who have received two doses.Besides,patients with a COVID-19 treatment duration exceeding two weeks also had a higher risk of long COVID(OR 1.32,95%CI 1.09-1.60;P=0.003)than those who recovered less than seven days.Conclusions:The insights from this study provide crucial guidance for predicting the factors associated with the occurrence of long COVID in pediatric patients,contributing to strategic interventions aimed at mitigating the long COVID risks among children and adolescents in Vietnam.展开更多
Background: Several studies indicate that depression is associated with non-viral suppression among persons living with HIV (PLWH) using antiretroviral therapy (ART) worldwide. However, among PLWH with major depressiv...Background: Several studies indicate that depression is associated with non-viral suppression among persons living with HIV (PLWH) using antiretroviral therapy (ART) worldwide. However, among PLWH with major depressive disorder, factors associated with non-viral suppression remain uncertain. We determined the prevalence and identified the factors associated with viral non-suppression among PLWH with major depressive disorder using ART in Northern Uganda. Method: A total of 30 primary care HIV clinics across three northern districts (Gulu, Kitgum, Pader) participated in the study. Using baseline data from the SEEK-GSP study, a cluster-randomized trial in northern Uganda (2016-2019) that involved 1140 PLWH with mild to moderate major depressive disorder;we examined the demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors using standardized questionnaires. Data on viral load was abstracted from clinic records and dichotomized into suppressed (Results: We recruited 1140 PLWH. The viral non-suppression prevalence was 12.2%. In multivariable analysis, the only baseline psychosocial variable independently associated with non-viral suppression was suicide risk (PRR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.05 - 2.32, p-value = 0.029). The prevalence odds for non-viral suppression were 56% higher among depressed PLWH with moderate to high suicide risk than those with low suicide risk. Among clinical variables, duration on ART ≥ 4 years was independently associated with non-viral suppression (PRR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.09 - 2.32, p-value = 0.015). Conclusions: Suicide risk and longer duration on ART are associated with non-viral suppression among anti-retroviral therapy users with mild to moderate major depressive disorder in Uganda. As ART is scaled up across Sub-Saharan Africa, first-line psychological care for depression and its complications is urgently needed in established HIV treatment centers.展开更多
Objective WHO recommends that every pregnant woman and newborn receive quality care throughout the pregnancy,delivery and postnatal periods.However,Maternal Mortality Ratio in Indonesia for 2015 reached 305 per 100000...Objective WHO recommends that every pregnant woman and newborn receive quality care throughout the pregnancy,delivery and postnatal periods.However,Maternal Mortality Ratio in Indonesia for 2015 reached 305 per 100000 live births,which exceeds the target of Sustainable Development Goals(<70 per 100000 live births).Receiving at least four times antenatal care(ANC4+)and skilled birth attendant(SBA)during childbirth is crucial for preventing maternal and neonatal deaths.The study aims to assess the determinants of ANC4+and SBA independently,evaluate the distribution of utilisation of ANC4+and SBA services,and further investigate the associations of two levels of continuity of services utilisation in Indonesia Design Data from the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey,a cross-sectional and large-scale national survey conducted in 2017 were used.Setting This study was set in Indonesia.Participants The study involved ever-married women of reproductive age(15-49 years)and had given birth in the last 5 years prior to the survey(n=15288).The dependent variables are the use of ANC4+and SBA.Individual,family and community factors,such as age,age at first birth,level of education,employment status,parity,autonomy in healthcare decision-making,level of education,employment status of spouses,household income,mass media consumption residence and distance from health facilities were also measured.Results Results showed that 11632(76.1%)women received ANC4+and SBA during childbirth.Multivariate analysis revealed that age,age at first birth,and parity have a statistically significant association with continuity of services utilisation.The odds of using continuity of services were higher among women older than 34 years(adjusted OR(aOR)1.54;95%CI 1.31 to 1.80)compared with women aged 15-24 years.Women with a favourable distance from health facilities were more likely to receive continuity of services utilisation(aOR 1.39;95%CI 1.24 to 1.57).Conclusions The continuity of services utilisation is associated with age,reproductive status,family influence and accessibility-related factors.Findings demonstrated the importance of enhancing early reproductive health education for men and women.The health system reinforcement,community empowerment and multisectoral engagement enhance accessibility to health facilities,reduce financial and geographical barriers,and produce strong quality care.展开更多
In the 1950s,shortly after the founding of the People’s Republic of China(PRC),the central government created the Patriotic Health Campaign(PHC)in order to standardize and disseminate healthfocused educational materi...In the 1950s,shortly after the founding of the People’s Republic of China(PRC),the central government created the Patriotic Health Campaign(PHC)in order to standardize and disseminate healthfocused educational materials intended to control and prevent infectious diseases(1).“Water improvement”,meaning measures aimed at providing safe drinking water for households in China,was an important part of the PHC.After 60 years of water improvement policies.展开更多
基金funded by the Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD0523300)the National Key Clinical Specialty Capacity Building for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases(Z155080000004)+1 种基金the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus(20DZ2270300)the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(SZSM202311019).
文摘In recent years,the prevalence of diabetes in China has increased significantly,and approximately 11.9%of Chinese adults had diabetes in 2020.Moreover,there are several rigorous challenges in diabetes prevention and glycaemic control,especially at the primary medical care level.In order to guide primary healthcare providers in providing comprehensive and continuous care to affected patients,the Office for Primary Diabetes Care of the National Basic Public Health Service Program and the Chinese Diabetes Society issued national guidelines for the prevention and control of diabetes at the primary care level in 2025.The management objects were adults with type 2 diabetes aged≥18 years.The main contents include basic requirements for management,health management process,diagnosis,screening,evaluation,treatment,recognition and management of acute complications,traditional Chinese medicine,referral and health management and education.
文摘Antioxidant activities of W and E extracts obtained from dried boxthorn (Lycium chinensis) fruit were measured based on DPPH radical scavenging and reducing powers, and their relationships with total phenolics, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity were investigated. A linear correlation among antioxidant activity, total phenolics, and flavonoid content was observed in concentration-dependent mode. Both extracts showed > 95% DPPH radical-scavenging activity and the higher reducing power of 3200 ppm at the same concentration. The antioxidant potential of both extracts were compared with those of commercial antioxidants such as BHA, BHT, TBHQ, ferulic acid, and α-tocopherol using H2O2 scavenging activity, inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation, inhibition of hemolysis of rat erythrocyte induced by peroxyl radicals, and inhibition of Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation using rat brain tissue. In the H2O2 scavenging activity, E extract showed a comparable significant antioxidant power, comparable to commercial antioxidants, and no signifi-cant difference (P > 0.05) was found between W and E extracts on inhibition of the linoleic acid peroxidation. Whereas W extract exhibited a significant power in the hemolysis of rat erythrocytes, none was observed in E extract. In the Fe-induced lipid peroxidation using rat brain tissue, no significant difference (P > 0.05) was found between both ex-tracts, showing a comparable activity with those of synthetic antioxidants. Both W and E extracts of dried boxthorn (Lycium chinensis) fruit may have a potential as natural antioxidants to replace synthetic antioxidants.
文摘Point and nonpoint sources of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) can cause reductions in water quality, including eutrophication. Nonpoint pollution represents a special challenge because of dispersed not easily identifiable sources such as the runoff from soil, nutrients, and other chemicals from agricultural fields and residential areas. Laguna Cartagena is a tropical freshwater wetland, situated in southwestern Puerto Rico. It is a eutrophic ecosystem, and its eutrophication is caused by both external nutrient loading and internal, mainly by phosphorus. This wetland has been affected by phosphorus loading from inorganic agricultural fertilizer in this historically oligotrophic wetland system until the end of subsidized fertilizer use and sugar cane cultivation in the late 1990s. This study identifies: 1) nonpoint sources of phosphorus (SRP, Soluble Reactive Phosphorus and TP, Total Phosphorus) and nitrogen (nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia) that enter Laguna Cartagena;and 2) the role of precipitation events on the contributions of phosphorus and nitrogen loading to ecosystems. Herein we assess water samples from five channelized external sources of P and N that enter Laguna Cartagena at two-week intervals from October 2013 through November 2014. Rainfall data were obtained weekly from a rain gauge. Standard methods were used for all chemical analyses. Results showed that the channelized waterways that carry water to the lagoon can be classified as hypereutrophic (>100 μg/L) for TP concentrations and oligotrophic (<200 μg/L) for nitrogen concentrations. Currently agriculture (rice and cattle) is the predominant land use at the nearby University of Puerto Rico (UPR) Lajas Agricultural Experiment Substation, the predominant nonpoint source of nutrient pollution (SRP, TP and ammonia) in the principal channelized water sources to the lagoon. Current nutrient loads are likely derived from fertilizers applied to the Substation’s rice fields, and a high density livestock. The second important cause of external surface water degradation (SRP, TP and ammonia) is the discharge from rural households in the drainage basin that discharge greywater directly to the environment, as indicated by the results from Cerro Alto hills immediately to the north of the lagoon. Precipitation also was associated with SRP, TP and ammonia loads.
文摘Maintaining the water quality of lakes and reservoirs is part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, an initiative promoted by the United Nations, including anthropogenic and natural factors that may influence water quality. The water reservoirs of Puerto Rico were built in watersheds to provide runoff control and for primary uses. The Cerrillos Reservoir is one of the largest water reservoirs in southern Puerto Rico, and is used as a source of potable water and for recreational activities. After hurricane Maria, in September 2017, many communities were without public water service and have obtained their drinking water from local rivers or their tributaries, without filtration or purification treatment. This research explored the physical-chemical parameters of Cerrillos Reservoir’s surface water from May 2018 to January 2019. The objective of the present study is to assess seasonal variations in surface water quality with respect to physical (temperature, turbidity, and conductivity), chemical (nutrient concentrations: (Phosphorus (P) (Soluble Reactive Phosphorus, phosphate, or orthophosphate) and Nitrogen (N) (nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia)), pH, and dissolved oxygen), and biological (total coliforms and <em>Escherichia coli</em>) parameters. Results suggest that Cerrillos Reservoir did not exceed the parameters of temperature, turbidity, conductivity, pH and DO, established by the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources (PRDNER). The reservoir showed a stable trophic state in relation to inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen as N and P concentrations did not increase sufficiently to disrupt this ecosystem. However, total coliforms exceeded the maximum parameter (23 MPN/100mL - 994 MPN/100mL) established for the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources and are likely to be the results of the disruption caused by hurricane Maria.
文摘Objectives: Obesity rates in US are substantially higher among African-Americans than Whites. Racial disparities in obesity are sometimes ascribed to racial differences in socio-economic-status (SES). We used data from three states in the southern region of the US with high rates of obesity, to examine the extent of racial disparities within SES categories, particularly examining whether disparities grow smaller at higher levels of income and education. Methods: We used data (2001-2009) from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) for 79,676 respondents, African-American and white, from Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana. Multivariate logistic regressions were estimated. Analyses were conducted separately for males and females, for the full sample and by levels of education, income and aggregate SES. Risk-differences (RD), and Relative-Risk-Ratios (RR) were reported to enable inspection of magnitudes of racial gaps, which more conventional odds-ratios does not allow researchers to do. Results: The obesity-gap between African-Americans and Whites is larger for females than males. For males the gap becomes smaller and insignificant in higher education and income categories. For females, the gap remains statistically significant and is of comparable magnitude across all education and income categories. Conclusions: Racial disparities in obesity among males can be largely attributed to SES differences. However, racial disparities among females cannot simply be attributed to racial disparities in SES. Thus, reducing racial differences in income and education may not help reduce disparities in obesity risk among White and African-American females. Further research is required to understand why racial disparities in obesity exist within specific SES categories for females.
文摘Objective:To detect and identify filarial parasites in dried blood spots(DBS)collected from domestic cats using high resolution melting real-time PCR(HRM RT-PCR).Methods:A total of 208 DBS were collected from domestic cats in a brugian filariasis endemic areas in Surat Thani Province,southern Thailand.Microfilariae were found in 9 blood slides using Giemsa-stained thick blood film.The extracted DNA from blood spot volumes of 10 and 20μL DBS with positive filarial parasites in cats were performed using HRM RT-PCR method.The primers were designed based on the partial mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene for identifying Brugia malayi,Brugia pahangi,Dirofilaria immitis.All purified samples were then detected.Results:Using different volumes of 10μL and 20μL DBS could easily distinguish filarial parasites and showed similar results.PCR amplicons of Brugia malayi,Brugia pahangi and Dirofilaria immitis were determined at melting peak(temperature)of 75.70℃,77.46℃,and 73.56℃,respectively.All 9 positive DBS samples showed positive Brugia pahangi and similar nucleotide sequences.Conclusions:This HRM RT-PCR method is able to diagnose,identify and discriminate filarial parasites collected from DBS,which is simple and inexpensive compared with other probe-based genotyping methods.Furthermore,this method is useful to survey,prevent and control filariasis.
文摘Background and aims:Indonesian government is regulating a family planning program to restricted fertility among reproductive aged.However,participated of married male for using contraceptive is very lowest in Indonesia.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 168 of married male(84 of condom method and 84 of vasectomy method)from April to August 2019 in Jember regency of East Java,Indonesia using purposive sampling method.A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure sociodemographic and contraceptive method of participants.Chi square test was performed to analyze the differences of characteristic of contraceptive method of condom and vasectomy among married male(P<0.05).Results:There were a significant differenced ethnic(χ^2=7.664,P-value=0.006)and access of information(χ^2=8.111,P-value=0.044)between condom and vasectomy method among married male.Conclusion:Characteristics of ethnic and access information are related with contraceptive method choosing for using condom and vasectomy among married male in Indonesia.Therefore,accessibility of contraceptive method through health education should be implemented for married male in Indonesia setting regarding their social and cultural context.
基金supported by the Brazilian Research Council(Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico–CNPq),grant number 301174/2017-2
文摘Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease disseminated through the centuries in the whole world which causes symptoms that go from self-limited diseases to hemorrhagic manifestations and organ failure,including acute kidney injury(AKI),composing the severe disease known as the Weil's syndrome.Mortality rates varies according to the clinical presentation and usually increases when kidney injury is present,and is even higher in the setting of pulmonary hemorrhage.There are recent advances in the search for novel biomarkers of renal involvement and early detection of AKI in leptospirosis,as well as in its pathophysiology.We review in this article the clinical aspects of leptospirosis-associated AKI and the perspectives for future research.
文摘Objective:To investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with long COVID symptoms among children and adolescents who have recovered from COVID-19.Methods:This study applied a cross-sectional approach within community settings in a southern province of Vietnam.A structured questionnaire featuring socio-demographic information and common long COVID symptoms was employed.Phi correlation coefficients assessed associations among pairs of long COVID symptoms.Additionally,multivariable logistic regression models were performed to investigate the risk factors of long COVID in recovered COVID-19 children and adolescents.Results:Among 422 participants,39.3%reported long COVID symptoms,with a prevalence of 45.2%(SD=0.5)in children and 22.2%(SD=0.4)in adolescents.Common symptoms reported were cough 34.6%(SD=0.5),fatigue 20.6%(SD=0.4),shortness of breath 10.9%(SD=0.3),and lack of appetite 6.6%(SD=0.3).Concerning risk factors of long COVID,a higher risk was observed among demographic groups,including girls(OR 1.25,95%CI 1.15-1.37;P<0.001,reference:boys),children compared to adolescents(OR 1.24,95%CI 1.12-1.37;P<0.001),overweight individuals(OR 1.14,95%CI 1.02-1.27;P=0.018,reference:healthy weight),and participants without any COVID-19 vaccination(OR 1.36,95%CI 1.20-1.54;P<0.001),or have received only one single dose(OR 1.35,95%CI 1.10-1.64;P=0.004)compared to those who have received two doses.Besides,patients with a COVID-19 treatment duration exceeding two weeks also had a higher risk of long COVID(OR 1.32,95%CI 1.09-1.60;P=0.003)than those who recovered less than seven days.Conclusions:The insights from this study provide crucial guidance for predicting the factors associated with the occurrence of long COVID in pediatric patients,contributing to strategic interventions aimed at mitigating the long COVID risks among children and adolescents in Vietnam.
文摘Background: Several studies indicate that depression is associated with non-viral suppression among persons living with HIV (PLWH) using antiretroviral therapy (ART) worldwide. However, among PLWH with major depressive disorder, factors associated with non-viral suppression remain uncertain. We determined the prevalence and identified the factors associated with viral non-suppression among PLWH with major depressive disorder using ART in Northern Uganda. Method: A total of 30 primary care HIV clinics across three northern districts (Gulu, Kitgum, Pader) participated in the study. Using baseline data from the SEEK-GSP study, a cluster-randomized trial in northern Uganda (2016-2019) that involved 1140 PLWH with mild to moderate major depressive disorder;we examined the demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors using standardized questionnaires. Data on viral load was abstracted from clinic records and dichotomized into suppressed (Results: We recruited 1140 PLWH. The viral non-suppression prevalence was 12.2%. In multivariable analysis, the only baseline psychosocial variable independently associated with non-viral suppression was suicide risk (PRR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.05 - 2.32, p-value = 0.029). The prevalence odds for non-viral suppression were 56% higher among depressed PLWH with moderate to high suicide risk than those with low suicide risk. Among clinical variables, duration on ART ≥ 4 years was independently associated with non-viral suppression (PRR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.09 - 2.32, p-value = 0.015). Conclusions: Suicide risk and longer duration on ART are associated with non-viral suppression among anti-retroviral therapy users with mild to moderate major depressive disorder in Uganda. As ART is scaled up across Sub-Saharan Africa, first-line psychological care for depression and its complications is urgently needed in established HIV treatment centers.
基金funded by the Directorate of Research and Community Engagement of Universitas Indonesia(NKB-773/UN2.RST/HKP.05.00/2020).
文摘Objective WHO recommends that every pregnant woman and newborn receive quality care throughout the pregnancy,delivery and postnatal periods.However,Maternal Mortality Ratio in Indonesia for 2015 reached 305 per 100000 live births,which exceeds the target of Sustainable Development Goals(<70 per 100000 live births).Receiving at least four times antenatal care(ANC4+)and skilled birth attendant(SBA)during childbirth is crucial for preventing maternal and neonatal deaths.The study aims to assess the determinants of ANC4+and SBA independently,evaluate the distribution of utilisation of ANC4+and SBA services,and further investigate the associations of two levels of continuity of services utilisation in Indonesia Design Data from the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey,a cross-sectional and large-scale national survey conducted in 2017 were used.Setting This study was set in Indonesia.Participants The study involved ever-married women of reproductive age(15-49 years)and had given birth in the last 5 years prior to the survey(n=15288).The dependent variables are the use of ANC4+and SBA.Individual,family and community factors,such as age,age at first birth,level of education,employment status,parity,autonomy in healthcare decision-making,level of education,employment status of spouses,household income,mass media consumption residence and distance from health facilities were also measured.Results Results showed that 11632(76.1%)women received ANC4+and SBA during childbirth.Multivariate analysis revealed that age,age at first birth,and parity have a statistically significant association with continuity of services utilisation.The odds of using continuity of services were higher among women older than 34 years(adjusted OR(aOR)1.54;95%CI 1.31 to 1.80)compared with women aged 15-24 years.Women with a favourable distance from health facilities were more likely to receive continuity of services utilisation(aOR 1.39;95%CI 1.24 to 1.57).Conclusions The continuity of services utilisation is associated with age,reproductive status,family influence and accessibility-related factors.Findings demonstrated the importance of enhancing early reproductive health education for men and women.The health system reinforcement,community empowerment and multisectoral engagement enhance accessibility to health facilities,reduce financial and geographical barriers,and produce strong quality care.
文摘In the 1950s,shortly after the founding of the People’s Republic of China(PRC),the central government created the Patriotic Health Campaign(PHC)in order to standardize and disseminate healthfocused educational materials intended to control and prevent infectious diseases(1).“Water improvement”,meaning measures aimed at providing safe drinking water for households in China,was an important part of the PHC.After 60 years of water improvement policies.
