This study examined how social desirability responses confound the relationship between gender and social media addiction.A total of 496 college student social media users(females=310,62.5%,mean age=20.15,SD=1.26)comp...This study examined how social desirability responses confound the relationship between gender and social media addiction.A total of 496 college student social media users(females=310,62.5%,mean age=20.15,SD=1.26)completed an online questionnaire on Social Media Addiction and Social Desirability.Mediation analysis revealed that females were at higher risk for social media addiction.On the other hand,the indirect effect of gender on social media addiction via social desirability is associated with lower social media addiction,which suggests that social desirability had a suppression effect on social media addiction associated with gender.ANOVA results showed that females reported higher social media addiction scores than males in the low social desirability group;in the high group,gender differences were insignificant.This study’s unique contribution is to suggest that females are at higher risk than males for developing addictive social media behaviors.Based on this finding,student social media safety interventions should be gender sensitive to the social desirability effect on females who may hide their true addiction as a result.展开更多
Background:Social media addiction,one of the behavioural addictions,is a significant predictor of job performance.It has also been posited that individuals whose fundamental requirements(e.g.,sleep)are not sufficientl...Background:Social media addiction,one of the behavioural addictions,is a significant predictor of job performance.It has also been posited that individuals whose fundamental requirements(e.g.,sleep)are not sufficiently met andwho lack adequate support(e.g.,perceived social support)are incapable of effectivelyharnessing theirpotential.The primary objective of this study is to examine themediating effects of sleep disorder and perceived social support on the relationship between social media addiction and job performance.Furthermore,it seeks to explore the moderating effects of perceived social support on sleep disorders and job performance.Methods:The data were collected through the questionnairemethod,and data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0.Moreover,statistical analysis encompasses correlation analysis,mediation,and moderation analysis.The data were gathered from 488 healthcare professionals(57.2%female),whose ages ranged from 24 to 56 years(Meanage±SD=37.86±6.71),using a convenience sample approach.Results:The results revealed significant relationships between social media addiction,job performance,perceived social support,and sleep disorder.The findings indicate that social media addiction negatively predicts job performance(β=−0.11,p<0.05).Sleep disorder(effect size=−0.02,95%CI=[−0.04,−0.00])and perceived social support(effect size=−0.01,95%CI=[−0.02,−0.00])mediate this relationship.Furthermore,perceived social supportmoderates the pathway between sleep disorder and job performance(index ofmoderatedmediation:−0.0040,95%CI=[−0.0070,−0.0010]).Conclusions:This study suggests that social media addiction negatively affects job performance through sleep disorders and perceived social support among healthcare professionals.The study’s findings are significant,as they suggest that treatments aimed at alleviating sleep disorders and enhancing perceived social support among medical workers may improve their job performance.展开更多
Objectives:This study aims to investigate the environmental and individual factors contributing to male nurses'psychological well-being and to explore the psychological mechanisms that may explain the links betwee...Objectives:This study aims to investigate the environmental and individual factors contributing to male nurses'psychological well-being and to explore the psychological mechanisms that may explain the links between nurses'practice environment and work engagement,thereby presenting the implications for nurse managers.Methods:A total of 161 male nurses from three tertiary first-class hospitals in Changsha City in China participated in the study.We collected the data using the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index,the Psychological Capital Questionnaire,and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale.Results:Scores of male nurses'practice environment(2.88±0.31),psychological capital(4.42±0.62),and work engagement(3.17±1.39)were all above the midpoint;however,the subscales"the nursing staffing and resources adequacy"(2.72±0.48),"hope"(4.33±0.72),and"dedication"(2.96±1.61)scored lowest.Nurses'practice environment and psychological capital positively predicted nurses'work engagement;psychological capital fully mediated the influence of nurses'practice environment on work engagement.Conclusions:Creating a supportive nursing practice environment can increase male nurses'work engagement by developing their psychological capital.Nurse managers can then provide reasonable workload and pathways for male nurses to achieve goals,thereby fostering their hope.展开更多
Objective:To explore the characteristics of metabolic changes in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder through 1H-MRS in neuroanatomical circuit comparing with age-matches controls.Methods:Fifty patients with p...Objective:To explore the characteristics of metabolic changes in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder through 1H-MRS in neuroanatomical circuit comparing with age-matches controls.Methods:Fifty patients with post-traumatic stress disorder and SO gender-and agematched normal controls were involved.The neurochemical abnormalities including the levels of choline(Cho)/ creatine(Cr) and N-acetylaspartate(NAA)/Cr were measured respectively in hippocampus and the anterior cingulate gyrus with three-dimension 1H-proton specrroscopy(3D 1H-MRS).Results:The values of NAA/Cr ratios in hippocampus and the anterior cingulate gyrus were significant lower in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder(1.71±0.32,left l.58±0.29, right 1.55±0.31) than that in controls(2.24±0.41,left 1.98±0.27,right 2.02±0.36)(P【0.05).but the values of Cho/Cr in hippocampus(left 1.64±0.23,right 1.66±0.34) were no significant with that of controls(left 1.48±0.29,right 1.54±0.38).Values of Cho/Cr in cingulate gyrus were significant higher in post-traumatic stress disorder patients(I.88±0.44) than that in controls(1.37.±0.32) (P【0.05).Conclusions:The results indicate some special neurochemical and histological structure changes in post-traumatic stress disorder patients,which might occurre earlier in anterior cingulate gyrusthe than in hippocampus.展开更多
背景:强迫症患者(Obsessive Compulsive Disorder,OCD)与强迫型人格障碍患者(Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder,OCPD)的认知功能还没有得到充分的研究。目标:验证OCD和OCPD患者的认知灵活性和计划能力。方法:本研究在德黑兰...背景:强迫症患者(Obsessive Compulsive Disorder,OCD)与强迫型人格障碍患者(Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder,OCPD)的认知功能还没有得到充分的研究。目标:验证OCD和OCPD患者的认知灵活性和计划能力。方法:本研究在德黑兰心理咨询门诊选定了25例OCD患者和20例OCPD患者,他们在既往两周都没有服药,并且从大学工作人员和当地社区居民中选定了25名健康对照者。对所有参与者均进行28项一般健康问卷(28-item version of the General Health Questionnaire,GHQ-28)、威斯康星卡片分类测验(Wisconsin Card Sorting Test,WCST)、和伦敦塔试验(Tower of London test,TOL))。本研究运用WCTS的两个测量指标(持续错误数和完成分类数)评估认知灵活性以及TOL的三个测量指标(12个试验总共的移动次数、总应答时和计划时间)评估计划能力。结果:2组患者的当前心理困扰程度显著高于对照组。在控制人口学因素和心理困扰水平后,OCD患者和OCPD患者在WCST测试中比对照组更容易出现持续性错误,而OCD患者(不包括OCPD患者)的完成分类数比对照组显著减少。OCD患者和OCDP患者都比对照组需要更多的移动次数来完成12项TOL任务,并且OCD患者比OCPD患者和对照组需要花更长的时间来完成任务。结论:与健康对照组相比,OCD和OCPD患者的认知灵活性和计划能力都有所受损,并且OCD和OCPD患者之间的认知功能测试也存在一些差异。我们需要对OCD和OCPD患者进行长期随访研究评估在强迫症状严重性加重与减轻时认知功能的改变,从而决定此类认知评估指标对于强迫症是否有诊断或临床关联性。展开更多
In this study, the relationship between social anxiety, coping style and loneliness amongst left-behind children was investigated. The participants were 773 left-behind children recruited from 8 junior middle schools ...In this study, the relationship between social anxiety, coping style and loneliness amongst left-behind children was investigated. The participants were 773 left-behind children recruited from 8 junior middle schools in rural areas of Zhejiang Province in China who completed the Social Anxiety Scale for Children, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and Children’s Loneliness Scale. Results show that there was a moderate correlation between social anxiety and loneliness, and these variables had a significant negative relationship with positive coping style and a significant positive relationship with negative coping style. Furthermore, the left-behind children’s social anxiety, coping style and loneliness were different within specific demographic groups, such as gender, only child status and different type of parental work. Also negative coping style moderated the association between loneliness and social anxiety, so that children who were more likely to use negative coping strategies showed a stronger relationship between social anxiety and loneliness. Finally, the left-behind children’s social anxiety not only directly predicted their loneliness, but also had an indirect effect mediated by their copying style.展开更多
Objectives:To examine Chinese nurses'practice of reading and understanding scientific literature and elucidate the motivating and deterring factors.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study conducted between March a...Objectives:To examine Chinese nurses'practice of reading and understanding scientific literature and elucidate the motivating and deterring factors.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study conducted between March and June 2015.A random sample of 853 full-time registered nurses from three tertiary and two secondary hospitals in China filled out a set of self-administered questionnaires,including literature habit questionnaire(41 items),the situational motivation scale and the socio-demographic and professional characteristics questionnaire(15 items).Results:Significant majority(89.2%)of the respondents reported perception of barriers to keeping up to date with literature.The language barrier was the most prominent,followed by poor presentation and readability of articles.Using simpler language when writing articles,improving ones'foreign language proficiency and getting education or training on nursing research were raised as the top facilitators.Additionally,reading and understanding literature was significantly associated with the nurses'educational background,motivation,genders and work settings.Conclusions:The survey of the current status of literature education among Chinese nurses suggests that providing protected time,training for critical thinking,and incentive mechanisms will help improve nurses'engagement in literature and create a culture of academic inquiry.展开更多
Patients with major depressive disorder （MDD） develop a negative cognitive bias, but how they respond to information in Chinese emotional words is unclear. Here we used a Stroop paradigm with subliminal Chinese emot...Patients with major depressive disorder （MDD） develop a negative cognitive bias, but how they respond to information in Chinese emotional words is unclear. Here we used a Stroop paradigm with subliminal Chinese emotional words to explore the event-related potential components of abnormal emotional processing Jn patients with MDD. The correct rate was similar in MDD and normal control groups, but MDD reaction time was longer than the normal controls, especially to the negative and neutral stimuli. In N270, repeated-measure analysis of variance demonstrated a significant main effect of the relation electrode and valence on peak amplitude and interactions between valence and electrode site. The peak amplitudes of the three kinds of words were different in the two groups （positive 〉 negative 〉 neutral）. The topography of the difference waves indicated that the difference distributed in the frontal and left parietal-temporal sites across the scalp. In N400, there was a significant main effect of the relation electrode and valence on peak amplitude, and the latency showed a main effect of the electrode and an interaction between electrode and group. The amplitudes induced by type of words were significantly different from each other in both groups （positive 〉 negative 〉 neutral）. The topography of the difference waves indicated that the effect of relation type was primarily at left and right frontal and central and left parietal-temporal regions. Both MDD patients and normal controls exhibited significant emotional Stroop effects during the processing of positive/negative Chinese emotional words. MDD patients showed interference in emotional stimuli in early cognitive processing that induced psychological resource intervention during late emotional information processing.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Go, a traditional Chinese chess-like game, requires many unknown functions of the brain including attention, imaging, problem solving and processing of spatial working memory. To date, it remains uncertai...BACKGROUND： Go, a traditional Chinese chess-like game, requires many unknown functions of the brain including attention, imaging, problem solving and processing of spatial working memory. To date, it remains uncertain whether the intellectual activities required to play Go are related to the frontal lobe. OBJECTIVE： To investigate various patterns of brain region activity while schizophrenic patients and normal subjects engaged in memorizing piece placement in the Chinese game of Go. Spatial working memory was measured in order to validate whether the prefrontal lobe participates in this memory process. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Non-randomized, concurrent control trial was performed at Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, between May and December 2004. PARTICIPANTS： A total of nine Chinese schizophrenic patients with no brain or bodily diseases and not undergoing electroshock treatment, who were in accordance with the DSM-Ⅳ criteria for schizophrenia, as well as thirteen healthy staffs and students with matched age, sex, and education were included. Patients and control subjects had no neurological disorders or mental retardation. In addition, all participants were right-handed. METHODS： The cognitive task for functional magnetic resonance imaging was a block design experiment. Both groups were asked to remember the placement of pieces in the Chinese game of Go on a computer screen. A brain activation map was analyzed in SPM99. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Brain responses were compared with regard to activation region size, volume, and asymmetry indices. RESULTS： Compared with the control group, the reaction time was significantly delayed in schizophrenics performing the working memory task （P 〈 0.05）. When performing the tasks, normal subjects showed significant activation of the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal lobe with left dominance; the asymmetry indices were： frontal lobe, ＋0.32; temporal lobe, 0.58; parietal lobe, 0.41 ; and occipital lobe, 0.34. On the other hand, schizophrenics showed right dominance and had a broader activation region of the prefrontal lobe （asymmetry indices： frontal lobe, 0.10; temporal lobe, ＋0.38; parietal lobe, ＋0.24; and occipital lobe, 0.00）. When comparing the normal group subtracted with the schizophrenic group, no significant lateralization was found in the frontal lobes but significant activation was found in the left anterior central gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus and in both sides of the cingulate gyrus. Comparing the schizophrenic group subtracted with the normal group, there was significant right lateralization of the frontal lobe and abnormally activated regions on both sides of the anterior central gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, right medial frontal gyrus and the right insular lobe. CONCLUSION： Different brain activation regions are involved in memorizing the placement of pieces in Chinese Go between schizophrenia and healthy subjects. Schizophrenics showed right dominance and border activation range, indicating that the prefrontal cortex plays an important role in memory information processing and resource allocation when remembering piece placement in the game of Go.展开更多
BACKGROUND ： Many experimental results have been found in previous studies on whether laterality of brain cingulate gyrus exists in processing Chinese words information. OBJECTIVE ： To observe the function of right ...BACKGROUND ： Many experimental results have been found in previous studies on whether laterality of brain cingulate gyrus exists in processing Chinese words information. OBJECTIVE ： To observe the function of right anterior cingulate gyrus and activation showed by MRI in processing Chinese words in a visual working memory judgment tasks, and evaluate the laterality of activated brain regions. DESIGN ： Observation experiment SETTING ： The Medical Psychological Research Center, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University.PARTICIPANTS： Thirteen healthy volunteers （7 males and 6 females）, aged （29±7）years ranging from 23 to 36 years old, participated in this fMRI study dunng August 2003 to Febuary 2004. They gave informed consent in accordance with guidelines set by Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. All subjects were native Chinese speakers and strongly right handed. METHODS ： In this study, Chinese numeral words were used as test materials and test mode of Sternberg was used in cognitive task, it was aimed to investigate the encephalic region involved in the storage and processing of Chinese numerical information. ①The head of subject was fixed with dense foam pad. Visual working task was performed according to the requests. Verbal working task was that the subject saw target items for four numerals written in Chinese, presenting for 1.5 s and then, after a short time by blank for 3.0 s. The subject saw one numeral presenting for 1.5 s and had to press one button if it was one of the shown numbers and another button if it did not belong to the presented numbers. There were two visual working memory stimuli in each stimulation block. The experiment was conducted in a single run, which consisted of seven blocks of visual working memory tasks. Different Chinese numerals were displayed in each block to avoid any practice effect （The response rate of the whole working memory task was 50%）. ②The activation of brain was scanned with a 1.5T MRI scanner （GE Signa Twinspeed） （slice thickness 5 mm, slice gap 1.5 mm, slice parallel to line between pars geniculate and splenium in corpus callosum from corona capitis to superior part of cerebellum, totally 16 to 18 layers）. ③The obtained images were pre-processed and statistically analysed with SPM 99 software. The procedure included timeslice adjusted, realigned, nomalized and smoothed, According to experimental task, data from each subject were analysed to obtain t value of each voxel. Brain activation image was got by Student＇s t test and statistic was presented by pseudo-color. Statistical parameter image was formed by overlapping brain activation image on three-dimensional structure image, and the threshold value was set at P〈 0.05 with ten or more continous voxels （T ≥ 4.64, K ≥ 10 voxels）. The brain activation images of all the subjects were calculated and overlapped into mean brain activation images. The regions with different activation density were found out. The activation voxels in regions-of-interest were checked to calculate a laterality index for each condition. The negative value indicated right hemisphere dominance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ： fMRI activation and laterality coefficient of Chinese numedal working task.RESULTS： Thirteen healthy subjects participated in the result analysis. ①fMRI activation of Chinese numerial working task： The results showed that the working memory task with Chinese words not only activated left cerebral cortex including left superior frontal gyrus （BA6/10）, left middle frontal gyrus （BA9）, left inferior frontal gyrus （BA45/9/47）, but also activated right cerebral cortex including right middle frontal gyrus （BA10/46/8）, right inferior frontal lobe （BA47）. Specially, peak activation was located in right anterior cingulate gyrus （BA32） with an activation volume of 879 （voxels）. It indicated that superior, middle and inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral Broca regions and anterior cingutate involved in the working memory of Chinese words. ②Asymmertry index ： The asymmetry index was -0.47 for frontal lobe, ＋0.42 for temporal lobe, ＋0.14 for parietal lobe and -1.00 for occipital lobe. It indicated that the right frontal lobe, left temporal lobe, left parietal lobe and dght occipital lobe were more involved in the Chinese numedal working task.展开更多
Absractive:This article try to illustrate the re lationship of self-value and person ality by paraphrasing these two concepts,and deduce the effects of self-value to personalit y from this.This article also point out ...Absractive:This article try to illustrate the re lationship of self-value and person ality by paraphrasing these two concepts,and deduce the effects of self-value to personalit y from this.This article also point out the questions how to direct and help university students to set proper s elf-value and then modle healthy personality.It bring forward supposition of the r esolvement of the questions.On the b ase of the demonstrative research we carry out a validative research.展开更多
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder. Despite its biological underpinnings, ASD is yet diagnosed based on behavioral assessments. The importance of early ASD detection is ...Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder. Despite its biological underpinnings, ASD is yet diagnosed based on behavioral assessments. The importance of early ASD detection is supported by a large body of evidence. Early diagnosis can facilitate more effective interventions, reducing the socioeconomic costs and improving the quality of life of both children with ASD and their families. This study aims to investigate the expression patterns of ASD-related microRNAs (miRNAs) in Iranian children with ASD compared with matched neurotypical controls, to identify candidate miRNA biomarkers.MethodValidation of ASD-related miRNAs was performed using the qRT-PCR method in plasma samples from 20 ASD and 20 unaffected individuals. Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified based on relative quantification analysis. Then, the diagnostic potential of each candidate miRNA was assessed using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsBased on statistical and bioinformatics analyses, eight miRNAs were recommended as candidate biomarkers. Furthermore, differential expression of five of these miRNAs—miR-146a-5p, miR-338-3p, miR-181b-5p, let-7a-5p, and miR-140-3p—was confirmed experimentally by qRT-PCR (p-value < 0.05) based on a t-test. miR-140-3p was not further detected as significant by the Mann–Whitney test. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curve were calculated for each validated miRNA and fell in the ranges of 75%–91%, 66.67%–83.33%, and 74%–90%, respectively.Conclusions This study revealed a panel of high-confidence differentially expressed miRNAs, which requires further investigation in larger sample sizes and by other validation tests. These findings could be a step forward in the field of ASD biomarker discovery.展开更多
基金supported by the Guangdong Education Science Planning Project(2024GXJK612).
文摘This study examined how social desirability responses confound the relationship between gender and social media addiction.A total of 496 college student social media users(females=310,62.5%,mean age=20.15,SD=1.26)completed an online questionnaire on Social Media Addiction and Social Desirability.Mediation analysis revealed that females were at higher risk for social media addiction.On the other hand,the indirect effect of gender on social media addiction via social desirability is associated with lower social media addiction,which suggests that social desirability had a suppression effect on social media addiction associated with gender.ANOVA results showed that females reported higher social media addiction scores than males in the low social desirability group;in the high group,gender differences were insignificant.This study’s unique contribution is to suggest that females are at higher risk than males for developing addictive social media behaviors.Based on this finding,student social media safety interventions should be gender sensitive to the social desirability effect on females who may hide their true addiction as a result.
文摘Background:Social media addiction,one of the behavioural addictions,is a significant predictor of job performance.It has also been posited that individuals whose fundamental requirements(e.g.,sleep)are not sufficiently met andwho lack adequate support(e.g.,perceived social support)are incapable of effectivelyharnessing theirpotential.The primary objective of this study is to examine themediating effects of sleep disorder and perceived social support on the relationship between social media addiction and job performance.Furthermore,it seeks to explore the moderating effects of perceived social support on sleep disorders and job performance.Methods:The data were collected through the questionnairemethod,and data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0.Moreover,statistical analysis encompasses correlation analysis,mediation,and moderation analysis.The data were gathered from 488 healthcare professionals(57.2%female),whose ages ranged from 24 to 56 years(Meanage±SD=37.86±6.71),using a convenience sample approach.Results:The results revealed significant relationships between social media addiction,job performance,perceived social support,and sleep disorder.The findings indicate that social media addiction negatively predicts job performance(β=−0.11,p<0.05).Sleep disorder(effect size=−0.02,95%CI=[−0.04,−0.00])and perceived social support(effect size=−0.01,95%CI=[−0.02,−0.00])mediate this relationship.Furthermore,perceived social supportmoderates the pathway between sleep disorder and job performance(index ofmoderatedmediation:−0.0040,95%CI=[−0.0070,−0.0010]).Conclusions:This study suggests that social media addiction negatively affects job performance through sleep disorders and perceived social support among healthcare professionals.The study’s findings are significant,as they suggest that treatments aimed at alleviating sleep disorders and enhancing perceived social support among medical workers may improve their job performance.
文摘Objectives:This study aims to investigate the environmental and individual factors contributing to male nurses'psychological well-being and to explore the psychological mechanisms that may explain the links between nurses'practice environment and work engagement,thereby presenting the implications for nurse managers.Methods:A total of 161 male nurses from three tertiary first-class hospitals in Changsha City in China participated in the study.We collected the data using the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index,the Psychological Capital Questionnaire,and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale.Results:Scores of male nurses'practice environment(2.88±0.31),psychological capital(4.42±0.62),and work engagement(3.17±1.39)were all above the midpoint;however,the subscales"the nursing staffing and resources adequacy"(2.72±0.48),"hope"(4.33±0.72),and"dedication"(2.96±1.61)scored lowest.Nurses'practice environment and psychological capital positively predicted nurses'work engagement;psychological capital fully mediated the influence of nurses'practice environment on work engagement.Conclusions:Creating a supportive nursing practice environment can increase male nurses'work engagement by developing their psychological capital.Nurse managers can then provide reasonable workload and pathways for male nurses to achieve goals,thereby fostering their hope.
基金funded by key Technology Projects in Hainan Province (Grant No.090209.zdxm2010043)
文摘Objective:To explore the characteristics of metabolic changes in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder through 1H-MRS in neuroanatomical circuit comparing with age-matches controls.Methods:Fifty patients with post-traumatic stress disorder and SO gender-and agematched normal controls were involved.The neurochemical abnormalities including the levels of choline(Cho)/ creatine(Cr) and N-acetylaspartate(NAA)/Cr were measured respectively in hippocampus and the anterior cingulate gyrus with three-dimension 1H-proton specrroscopy(3D 1H-MRS).Results:The values of NAA/Cr ratios in hippocampus and the anterior cingulate gyrus were significant lower in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder(1.71±0.32,left l.58±0.29, right 1.55±0.31) than that in controls(2.24±0.41,left 1.98±0.27,right 2.02±0.36)(P【0.05).but the values of Cho/Cr in hippocampus(left 1.64±0.23,right 1.66±0.34) were no significant with that of controls(left 1.48±0.29,right 1.54±0.38).Values of Cho/Cr in cingulate gyrus were significant higher in post-traumatic stress disorder patients(I.88±0.44) than that in controls(1.37.±0.32) (P【0.05).Conclusions:The results indicate some special neurochemical and histological structure changes in post-traumatic stress disorder patients,which might occurre earlier in anterior cingulate gyrusthe than in hippocampus.
文摘背景:强迫症患者(Obsessive Compulsive Disorder,OCD)与强迫型人格障碍患者(Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder,OCPD)的认知功能还没有得到充分的研究。目标:验证OCD和OCPD患者的认知灵活性和计划能力。方法:本研究在德黑兰心理咨询门诊选定了25例OCD患者和20例OCPD患者,他们在既往两周都没有服药,并且从大学工作人员和当地社区居民中选定了25名健康对照者。对所有参与者均进行28项一般健康问卷(28-item version of the General Health Questionnaire,GHQ-28)、威斯康星卡片分类测验(Wisconsin Card Sorting Test,WCST)、和伦敦塔试验(Tower of London test,TOL))。本研究运用WCTS的两个测量指标(持续错误数和完成分类数)评估认知灵活性以及TOL的三个测量指标(12个试验总共的移动次数、总应答时和计划时间)评估计划能力。结果:2组患者的当前心理困扰程度显著高于对照组。在控制人口学因素和心理困扰水平后,OCD患者和OCPD患者在WCST测试中比对照组更容易出现持续性错误,而OCD患者(不包括OCPD患者)的完成分类数比对照组显著减少。OCD患者和OCDP患者都比对照组需要更多的移动次数来完成12项TOL任务,并且OCD患者比OCPD患者和对照组需要花更长的时间来完成任务。结论:与健康对照组相比,OCD和OCPD患者的认知灵活性和计划能力都有所受损,并且OCD和OCPD患者之间的认知功能测试也存在一些差异。我们需要对OCD和OCPD患者进行长期随访研究评估在强迫症状严重性加重与减轻时认知功能的改变,从而决定此类认知评估指标对于强迫症是否有诊断或临床关联性。
文摘In this study, the relationship between social anxiety, coping style and loneliness amongst left-behind children was investigated. The participants were 773 left-behind children recruited from 8 junior middle schools in rural areas of Zhejiang Province in China who completed the Social Anxiety Scale for Children, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and Children’s Loneliness Scale. Results show that there was a moderate correlation between social anxiety and loneliness, and these variables had a significant negative relationship with positive coping style and a significant positive relationship with negative coping style. Furthermore, the left-behind children’s social anxiety, coping style and loneliness were different within specific demographic groups, such as gender, only child status and different type of parental work. Also negative coping style moderated the association between loneliness and social anxiety, so that children who were more likely to use negative coping strategies showed a stronger relationship between social anxiety and loneliness. Finally, the left-behind children’s social anxiety not only directly predicted their loneliness, but also had an indirect effect mediated by their copying style.
文摘Objectives:To examine Chinese nurses'practice of reading and understanding scientific literature and elucidate the motivating and deterring factors.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study conducted between March and June 2015.A random sample of 853 full-time registered nurses from three tertiary and two secondary hospitals in China filled out a set of self-administered questionnaires,including literature habit questionnaire(41 items),the situational motivation scale and the socio-demographic and professional characteristics questionnaire(15 items).Results:Significant majority(89.2%)of the respondents reported perception of barriers to keeping up to date with literature.The language barrier was the most prominent,followed by poor presentation and readability of articles.Using simpler language when writing articles,improving ones'foreign language proficiency and getting education or training on nursing research were raised as the top facilitators.Additionally,reading and understanding literature was significantly associated with the nurses'educational background,motivation,genders and work settings.Conclusions:The survey of the current status of literature education among Chinese nurses suggests that providing protected time,training for critical thinking,and incentive mechanisms will help improve nurses'engagement in literature and create a culture of academic inquiry.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30570609
文摘Patients with major depressive disorder （MDD） develop a negative cognitive bias, but how they respond to information in Chinese emotional words is unclear. Here we used a Stroop paradigm with subliminal Chinese emotional words to explore the event-related potential components of abnormal emotional processing Jn patients with MDD. The correct rate was similar in MDD and normal control groups, but MDD reaction time was longer than the normal controls, especially to the negative and neutral stimuli. In N270, repeated-measure analysis of variance demonstrated a significant main effect of the relation electrode and valence on peak amplitude and interactions between valence and electrode site. The peak amplitudes of the three kinds of words were different in the two groups （positive 〉 negative 〉 neutral）. The topography of the difference waves indicated that the difference distributed in the frontal and left parietal-temporal sites across the scalp. In N400, there was a significant main effect of the relation electrode and valence on peak amplitude, and the latency showed a main effect of the electrode and an interaction between electrode and group. The amplitudes induced by type of words were significantly different from each other in both groups （positive 〉 negative 〉 neutral）. The topography of the difference waves indicated that the effect of relation type was primarily at left and right frontal and central and left parietal-temporal regions. Both MDD patients and normal controls exhibited significant emotional Stroop effects during the processing of positive/negative Chinese emotional words. MDD patients showed interference in emotional stimuli in early cognitive processing that induced psychological resource intervention during late emotional information processing.
基金Supported by:the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars,No.60225015the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.30100054,30570609
文摘BACKGROUND： Go, a traditional Chinese chess-like game, requires many unknown functions of the brain including attention, imaging, problem solving and processing of spatial working memory. To date, it remains uncertain whether the intellectual activities required to play Go are related to the frontal lobe. OBJECTIVE： To investigate various patterns of brain region activity while schizophrenic patients and normal subjects engaged in memorizing piece placement in the Chinese game of Go. Spatial working memory was measured in order to validate whether the prefrontal lobe participates in this memory process. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Non-randomized, concurrent control trial was performed at Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, between May and December 2004. PARTICIPANTS： A total of nine Chinese schizophrenic patients with no brain or bodily diseases and not undergoing electroshock treatment, who were in accordance with the DSM-Ⅳ criteria for schizophrenia, as well as thirteen healthy staffs and students with matched age, sex, and education were included. Patients and control subjects had no neurological disorders or mental retardation. In addition, all participants were right-handed. METHODS： The cognitive task for functional magnetic resonance imaging was a block design experiment. Both groups were asked to remember the placement of pieces in the Chinese game of Go on a computer screen. A brain activation map was analyzed in SPM99. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Brain responses were compared with regard to activation region size, volume, and asymmetry indices. RESULTS： Compared with the control group, the reaction time was significantly delayed in schizophrenics performing the working memory task （P 〈 0.05）. When performing the tasks, normal subjects showed significant activation of the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal lobe with left dominance; the asymmetry indices were： frontal lobe, ＋0.32; temporal lobe, 0.58; parietal lobe, 0.41 ; and occipital lobe, 0.34. On the other hand, schizophrenics showed right dominance and had a broader activation region of the prefrontal lobe （asymmetry indices： frontal lobe, 0.10; temporal lobe, ＋0.38; parietal lobe, ＋0.24; and occipital lobe, 0.00）. When comparing the normal group subtracted with the schizophrenic group, no significant lateralization was found in the frontal lobes but significant activation was found in the left anterior central gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus and in both sides of the cingulate gyrus. Comparing the schizophrenic group subtracted with the normal group, there was significant right lateralization of the frontal lobe and abnormally activated regions on both sides of the anterior central gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, right medial frontal gyrus and the right insular lobe. CONCLUSION： Different brain activation regions are involved in memorizing the placement of pieces in Chinese Go between schizophrenia and healthy subjects. Schizophrenics showed right dominance and border activation range, indicating that the prefrontal cortex plays an important role in memory information processing and resource allocation when remembering piece placement in the game of Go.
基金the National Natural Science Youth Foundation of China, No. 30100054,30570609 the Grants from the National Science Fund for Dis-tinguished Young Scholars, No.60225015
文摘BACKGROUND ： Many experimental results have been found in previous studies on whether laterality of brain cingulate gyrus exists in processing Chinese words information. OBJECTIVE ： To observe the function of right anterior cingulate gyrus and activation showed by MRI in processing Chinese words in a visual working memory judgment tasks, and evaluate the laterality of activated brain regions. DESIGN ： Observation experiment SETTING ： The Medical Psychological Research Center, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University.PARTICIPANTS： Thirteen healthy volunteers （7 males and 6 females）, aged （29±7）years ranging from 23 to 36 years old, participated in this fMRI study dunng August 2003 to Febuary 2004. They gave informed consent in accordance with guidelines set by Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. All subjects were native Chinese speakers and strongly right handed. METHODS ： In this study, Chinese numeral words were used as test materials and test mode of Sternberg was used in cognitive task, it was aimed to investigate the encephalic region involved in the storage and processing of Chinese numerical information. ①The head of subject was fixed with dense foam pad. Visual working task was performed according to the requests. Verbal working task was that the subject saw target items for four numerals written in Chinese, presenting for 1.5 s and then, after a short time by blank for 3.0 s. The subject saw one numeral presenting for 1.5 s and had to press one button if it was one of the shown numbers and another button if it did not belong to the presented numbers. There were two visual working memory stimuli in each stimulation block. The experiment was conducted in a single run, which consisted of seven blocks of visual working memory tasks. Different Chinese numerals were displayed in each block to avoid any practice effect （The response rate of the whole working memory task was 50%）. ②The activation of brain was scanned with a 1.5T MRI scanner （GE Signa Twinspeed） （slice thickness 5 mm, slice gap 1.5 mm, slice parallel to line between pars geniculate and splenium in corpus callosum from corona capitis to superior part of cerebellum, totally 16 to 18 layers）. ③The obtained images were pre-processed and statistically analysed with SPM 99 software. The procedure included timeslice adjusted, realigned, nomalized and smoothed, According to experimental task, data from each subject were analysed to obtain t value of each voxel. Brain activation image was got by Student＇s t test and statistic was presented by pseudo-color. Statistical parameter image was formed by overlapping brain activation image on three-dimensional structure image, and the threshold value was set at P〈 0.05 with ten or more continous voxels （T ≥ 4.64, K ≥ 10 voxels）. The brain activation images of all the subjects were calculated and overlapped into mean brain activation images. The regions with different activation density were found out. The activation voxels in regions-of-interest were checked to calculate a laterality index for each condition. The negative value indicated right hemisphere dominance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ： fMRI activation and laterality coefficient of Chinese numedal working task.RESULTS： Thirteen healthy subjects participated in the result analysis. ①fMRI activation of Chinese numerial working task： The results showed that the working memory task with Chinese words not only activated left cerebral cortex including left superior frontal gyrus （BA6/10）, left middle frontal gyrus （BA9）, left inferior frontal gyrus （BA45/9/47）, but also activated right cerebral cortex including right middle frontal gyrus （BA10/46/8）, right inferior frontal lobe （BA47）. Specially, peak activation was located in right anterior cingulate gyrus （BA32） with an activation volume of 879 （voxels）. It indicated that superior, middle and inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral Broca regions and anterior cingutate involved in the working memory of Chinese words. ②Asymmertry index ： The asymmetry index was -0.47 for frontal lobe, ＋0.42 for temporal lobe, ＋0.14 for parietal lobe and -1.00 for occipital lobe. It indicated that the right frontal lobe, left temporal lobe, left parietal lobe and dght occipital lobe were more involved in the Chinese numedal working task.
文摘Absractive:This article try to illustrate the re lationship of self-value and person ality by paraphrasing these two concepts,and deduce the effects of self-value to personalit y from this.This article also point out the questions how to direct and help university students to set proper s elf-value and then modle healthy personality.It bring forward supposition of the r esolvement of the questions.On the b ase of the demonstrative research we carry out a validative research.
文摘Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder. Despite its biological underpinnings, ASD is yet diagnosed based on behavioral assessments. The importance of early ASD detection is supported by a large body of evidence. Early diagnosis can facilitate more effective interventions, reducing the socioeconomic costs and improving the quality of life of both children with ASD and their families. This study aims to investigate the expression patterns of ASD-related microRNAs (miRNAs) in Iranian children with ASD compared with matched neurotypical controls, to identify candidate miRNA biomarkers.MethodValidation of ASD-related miRNAs was performed using the qRT-PCR method in plasma samples from 20 ASD and 20 unaffected individuals. Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified based on relative quantification analysis. Then, the diagnostic potential of each candidate miRNA was assessed using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsBased on statistical and bioinformatics analyses, eight miRNAs were recommended as candidate biomarkers. Furthermore, differential expression of five of these miRNAs—miR-146a-5p, miR-338-3p, miR-181b-5p, let-7a-5p, and miR-140-3p—was confirmed experimentally by qRT-PCR (p-value < 0.05) based on a t-test. miR-140-3p was not further detected as significant by the Mann–Whitney test. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curve were calculated for each validated miRNA and fell in the ranges of 75%–91%, 66.67%–83.33%, and 74%–90%, respectively.Conclusions This study revealed a panel of high-confidence differentially expressed miRNAs, which requires further investigation in larger sample sizes and by other validation tests. These findings could be a step forward in the field of ASD biomarker discovery.
