Fusarium pseudograminearum is a devastating pathogen that causes Fusarium crown rot(FCR)in wheat and poses a significant threat to wheat production in terms of grain yield and quality.However,the mechanism by which F....Fusarium pseudograminearum is a devastating pathogen that causes Fusarium crown rot(FCR)in wheat and poses a significant threat to wheat production in terms of grain yield and quality.However,the mechanism by which F.pseudograminearum infects wheat remains unclear.In this study,we aimed to elucidate these mechanisms by constructing a T-DNA insertion mutant library for the highly virulent strain WZ-8A of F.pseudograminearum.By screening this mutant library,we identified nine independent mutants that displayed impaired pathogenesis in barley leaves.Among these mutants,one possessed a disruption in the gene FpRCO1 that is an ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RCO1,encoding essential component of the Rpd3S histone deacetylase complex in F.pseudograminearum.To further investigate the role of FpRCO1 in F.pseudograminearum,we employed a split-marker approach to knock out FpRCO1 in F.pseudograminearum WZ-8A.FpRCO1 deletion mutants exhibit reduced vegetative growth,conidium production,and virulence in wheat coleoptiles and barley leaves,whereas the complementary strain restores these phenotypes.Moreover,under stress conditions,the FpRCO1 deletion mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to NaCl,sorbitol,and SDS,but possessed reduced sensitivity to H_(2)O_(2)compared to these characteristics in the wild-type strain.RNA-seq analysis revealed that deletion of FpRCO1 affected gene expression(particularly the downregulation of TRI gene expression),thus resulting in significantly reduced deoxynivalenol(DON)production.In summary,our findings highlight the pivotal role of FpRCO1 in regulating vegetative growth and development,asexual reproduction,DON production,and pathogenicity of F.pseudograminearum.This study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying F.pseudograminearum infection in wheat and may pave the way for the development of novel strategies to combat this devastating disease.展开更多
In this study, an FEM-SBFEM （scaled boundary finite element method） coupling procedure proposed by Fan et al. （2005） is adopted to obtain the dynamic responses of a submerged cylindrical shell subjected to plane s...In this study, an FEM-SBFEM （scaled boundary finite element method） coupling procedure proposed by Fan et al. （2005） is adopted to obtain the dynamic responses of a submerged cylindrical shell subjected to plane step or exponential acoustic shock waves. The coupling procedure can readily be applied to three-dimensional problem, however for clarity, the problems to be presented are hmited to two-dimeusional domain. In the analyses, the cylindrical shell is modeled by simple beam elements （using FEM）, while the effects of the surrounding infinite fluid is modeled by the SBFEM. In it, no free surface and seabed are involved. Compared with Fan and his co-authors＇ works, the FEM-SBFEM coupling procedure is further verified to be feasible for shock waves by benchmark examples. Furthermore, parametric studies are performed and presented to gain insight into effects of the geometric and material properties of the cylindrical shell on its dynamic responses.展开更多
Oblique perforation of thick metallic plates by rigid projectiles with various nose shapes is studied in this paper. Two perforation mechanisms, i.e., the hole enlargement for a sharp projectile nose and the plugging ...Oblique perforation of thick metallic plates by rigid projectiles with various nose shapes is studied in this paper. Two perforation mechanisms, i.e., the hole enlargement for a sharp projectile nose and the plugging formation for a blunt projectile nose, are considered in the proposed analytical model. It is shown that the perforation of a thick plate is dominated by several non-dimensional numbers, i.e., the impact function, the geometry function of projectile, the non-dimensional thickness of target and the impact obliquity. Explicit formulae are obtained to predict the ballistic limit, residual velocity and directional change for the oblique perforation of thick metallic plates. The proposed model is able to predict the critical condition for the occurrence of ricochet. The proposed model is validated by comparing the predictions with other existing models and independent experimental data.展开更多
There is an extremely urgent demand in the realm of power equipment,including power transformers,motors,and cables.Specifically,there is a pressing need for cellulose-based composite insulating paper that can exhibit ...There is an extremely urgent demand in the realm of power equipment,including power transformers,motors,and cables.Specifically,there is a pressing need for cellulose-based composite insulating paper that can exhibit high thermal conductivity,superior mechanical properties,and robust insulation characteristics.In response to this demand,this study adopted a‘simulation-guided experimental research’methodology.Firstly,based on molecular dynamics(MD)simulations,nano-kaolin(KL)/cellulose composite models with different contents were constructed.Then,according to the simulation results,the corresponding proportions of nano-KL/cellulose insulating paper were prepared.The simulation and experimental findings further reveal a sig-nificant effect of nano-KL.To be more precise,nano-KL can effectively fill the microscopic defects and voids within the cellulose structure.Moreover,nano-KL forms an orderly and regular thermal conductivity network in conjunction with cellulose.As a result,this network structure elevates the paper's overall thermal conductivity.Owing to its low-dielectric-loss characteristics,nano-KL reduces the microscopic charge polar-isation phenomenon within the composite structure.It curbs the migration of elec-trons,alleviates the concentration of electric field stress,and ultimately improves the electrical insulation performance of the modified insulating paper.Notably,the 4 wt%nano-KL/cellulose insulating paper exhibits optimal performance,and its tensile strength,thermal conductivity,volume resistivity,dielectric loss,and breakdown strength are 55.81 MPa,0.201 W·m^(−1)⋅K^(−1),4.58×10^(15)Ω·m,0.25%,and 57.81 kV/mm.This study demonstrates MD simulations'feasibility and effectiveness in providing theories and protocols for experiments.展开更多
Conventional metal-oxide-semiconductor(MOS)gas sensors are limited in wearable gas detection due to their non-flexibility,high operating temperature,and less durability.In this study,a yarn-based superhydrophobic flex...Conventional metal-oxide-semiconductor(MOS)gas sensors are limited in wearable gas detection due to their non-flexibility,high operating temperature,and less durability.In this study,a yarn-based superhydrophobic flexible wearable sensor for room-temperature ammonia gas detection was prepared based on the nano-size effect of both nanocore yarns prepared through electrostatic spinning and MOS gas-sensitive materials synthesized via a two-step hydrothermal synthesis approach.The yarn sensor has a response sensitivity of 13.11 towards 100 ppm(1 ppm=10^(−6))ammonia at room temperature,a response time and a recovery time of 36 and 21 s,respectively,and a detection limit as low as 10 ppm with the sensitivity of up to 4.76 towards ammonia.In addition,it displays commendable linearity within the concentration range of 10‒100 ppm,accompanied by remarkable selectivity and stability,while the hydrophobicity angle reaches 155.74°.Furthermore,its sensing performance still maintains stability even after repeated bending and prolonged operation.The sensor also has stable mechanical properties and flexibility,and can be affixed onto the fabric surface through sewing,which has a specific potential for clothing use.展开更多
Flexible joints represent the most vulnerable aspect of the immersed tunnel,necessitating effective waterproofing and the transmission of forces between tunnel segments.However,the role of longitudinal limit devices i...Flexible joints represent the most vulnerable aspect of the immersed tunnel,necessitating effective waterproofing and the transmission of forces between tunnel segments.However,the role of longitudinal limit devices in the seismic behavior of immersed tunnels is fre-quently overlooked in contemporary research on their seismic robustness.This study develops a longitudinal force model for flexible joints that incorporates the longitudinal limit device,building upon the beam-spring model of the immersed tunnel.Concurrently,a scaled partial experiment on the immersed tunnel’s flexible joint is undertaken,and validated and compared to the theoretical model.Subsequently,this model is utilized in the seismic assessment of the Ruyifang immersed tunnel.The computational findings revealed a considerable improvement in the seismic resilience of the immersed tunnel following the integration of longitudinal limit devices.With the incorporation of these devices,the opening of flexible joints diminished by 20%to 50%compared to scenarios lacking such devices.In addition,the peak acceleration of the tunnel segments’mid-point structural response decreased by approximately 50%,accompanied by a significant reduction in the internal force response within the tunnel segments.As proposed in this research,the longitudinal force model for flexible joints under longitudinal limit devices represents the behavior of immersed tunnels under seismic stress more accurately.These numerical simulation outcomes also offer valuable insights for designing flexible joints in immersed tunnels.展开更多
The cloud’s storage and query of private information have the cryptographic scholar due to the proliferation of cloud computing.In the traditional query mode,the private information stored in the cloud is at risk of ...The cloud’s storage and query of private information have the cryptographic scholar due to the proliferation of cloud computing.In the traditional query mode,the private information stored in the cloud is at risk of being leaked.In order to solve this problem,a cloud ciphertext database system based on homomorphic encryption is a valid workaround.This paper presents a new cloud ciphertext database system model,which is based on the existing ciphertext database mode research and homomorphic properties.This paper also implements a ciphertext database system based on a CRT-based additive homomorphic scheme according to the model.Through theoretical analysis,the model is CPA-level safe and correct.The experimental results show that users can correctly query and download the data in the ciphertext database on the untrusted cloud server through the model,and it has efficiency advantages.展开更多
The absorption of high-viscosity oil by traditional oil absorbing materials has always been a challenge.So there is an urgent need to solve the problem of slow absorption of high-viscosity oil.In this work,an emulsion...The absorption of high-viscosity oil by traditional oil absorbing materials has always been a challenge.So there is an urgent need to solve the problem of slow absorption of high-viscosity oil.In this work,an emulsion composed of polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS),carbon black(CB)and waterborne polyurethane(solid content 40%)was sprayed on the melamine foam(MF).After volatilization of organic solvents,the photothermal material CB was fixed on the MF framework,making it photothermal.By raising the temperature of the modified foam to accelerate the internal thermal movement of high-viscosity oil molecules around the foam,intermolecular forces are reduced,thereby accelerating the separation process.The absorption capacity of this modified MF towards organic solvents and oil is up to 79 times its own weight.In addition,the mechanical properties of the modified foam are improved to a certain extent,more conducive to the continuous oil-water separation.This photothermal absorption material provides ideas for the rapid removal of high-viscosity oil,heavy oil,etc.展开更多
Engineering experience shows that for transformers with long service life and serious moisture exposure,the inter‐turn paper insulation inside the winding will precipitate bubbles under the condition of electric fiel...Engineering experience shows that for transformers with long service life and serious moisture exposure,the inter‐turn paper insulation inside the winding will precipitate bubbles under the condition of electric field and conductor heating,which will endanger the equipment insulation.In order to explore the influence factors of bubbles formation in the moist insulating paper of transformers,based on the existing research on the influence of moisture content and gas dissolution in transformer oil,this study further considers the influence of air pressure(AP)and electric field and establishes an experimental platform to change the air pressure and electric field,thereby studying the formation characteristics of bubbles in oil‐paper insulation.The results show that air pressure and electric field can affect the initial temperature,volume,and shape of bubble formation.From 0 to−0.05 MPa for air pressure,the initial temperature of bubble generation decreased by 41℃,its maximum two‐dimensional projected area increased by 418.4%with more severe distortion,and the breakdown voltage decreased.When the AC voltage applied on the needle plate electrode increased from 0 to 10 kV,the initial temperature of bubble formation increased by 29℃,and the maximum two‐dimensional projection area increased by 336.6%.展开更多
Li metal anodes have attracted tremendous attention in the last decade because of their high theoretical capacities and low electrochemical potentials.However,until now,there has only been limited success in improving...Li metal anodes have attracted tremendous attention in the last decade because of their high theoretical capacities and low electrochemical potentials.However,until now,there has only been limited success in improving the interfacial and structural stabilities and in realizing the highly controllable and large-scale fabrication of this emerging material;these limitations have posed great obstacles to further performing fundamental and applied studies in Li metal anodes.In this review,we focus on summarizing the existing challenges of Li metal anodes based on the leap from coin cells to pouch cells and on outlining typical methods for designing Li metal anodes on demand;we controllably engineer their surface protection layers and structure sizes by encapsulating structured Li metal inside a variety of synthetic protection layers.We aim to provide a comprehensive understanding and serve as a strategic guide for designing and fabricating practicable Li metal anodes for use in pouch batteries.Challenges and opportunities regarding this burgeoning field are critically evaluated at the end of this review.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901835)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Henan Province of China(212102110145)the International(Regional)Cooperation and Exchange Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31961143018).
文摘Fusarium pseudograminearum is a devastating pathogen that causes Fusarium crown rot(FCR)in wheat and poses a significant threat to wheat production in terms of grain yield and quality.However,the mechanism by which F.pseudograminearum infects wheat remains unclear.In this study,we aimed to elucidate these mechanisms by constructing a T-DNA insertion mutant library for the highly virulent strain WZ-8A of F.pseudograminearum.By screening this mutant library,we identified nine independent mutants that displayed impaired pathogenesis in barley leaves.Among these mutants,one possessed a disruption in the gene FpRCO1 that is an ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RCO1,encoding essential component of the Rpd3S histone deacetylase complex in F.pseudograminearum.To further investigate the role of FpRCO1 in F.pseudograminearum,we employed a split-marker approach to knock out FpRCO1 in F.pseudograminearum WZ-8A.FpRCO1 deletion mutants exhibit reduced vegetative growth,conidium production,and virulence in wheat coleoptiles and barley leaves,whereas the complementary strain restores these phenotypes.Moreover,under stress conditions,the FpRCO1 deletion mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to NaCl,sorbitol,and SDS,but possessed reduced sensitivity to H_(2)O_(2)compared to these characteristics in the wild-type strain.RNA-seq analysis revealed that deletion of FpRCO1 affected gene expression(particularly the downregulation of TRI gene expression),thus resulting in significantly reduced deoxynivalenol(DON)production.In summary,our findings highlight the pivotal role of FpRCO1 in regulating vegetative growth and development,asexual reproduction,DON production,and pathogenicity of F.pseudograminearum.This study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying F.pseudograminearum infection in wheat and may pave the way for the development of novel strategies to combat this devastating disease.
文摘In this study, an FEM-SBFEM （scaled boundary finite element method） coupling procedure proposed by Fan et al. （2005） is adopted to obtain the dynamic responses of a submerged cylindrical shell subjected to plane step or exponential acoustic shock waves. The coupling procedure can readily be applied to three-dimensional problem, however for clarity, the problems to be presented are hmited to two-dimeusional domain. In the analyses, the cylindrical shell is modeled by simple beam elements （using FEM）, while the effects of the surrounding infinite fluid is modeled by the SBFEM. In it, no free surface and seabed are involved. Compared with Fan and his co-authors＇ works, the FEM-SBFEM coupling procedure is further verified to be feasible for shock waves by benchmark examples. Furthermore, parametric studies are performed and presented to gain insight into effects of the geometric and material properties of the cylindrical shell on its dynamic responses.
文摘Oblique perforation of thick metallic plates by rigid projectiles with various nose shapes is studied in this paper. Two perforation mechanisms, i.e., the hole enlargement for a sharp projectile nose and the plugging formation for a blunt projectile nose, are considered in the proposed analytical model. It is shown that the perforation of a thick plate is dominated by several non-dimensional numbers, i.e., the impact function, the geometry function of projectile, the non-dimensional thickness of target and the impact obliquity. Explicit formulae are obtained to predict the ballistic limit, residual velocity and directional change for the oblique perforation of thick metallic plates. The proposed model is able to predict the critical condition for the occurrence of ricochet. The proposed model is validated by comparing the predictions with other existing models and independent experimental data.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:52277138Guangxi Science Foundation for Outstanding Young Scholars,Grant/Award Number:202400489+1 种基金Guangxi Key R&D Programs,Grant/Award Numbers:Guike AB24010119,Guike AB25069468The Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education,Grant/Award Number:YCBZ2024052。
文摘There is an extremely urgent demand in the realm of power equipment,including power transformers,motors,and cables.Specifically,there is a pressing need for cellulose-based composite insulating paper that can exhibit high thermal conductivity,superior mechanical properties,and robust insulation characteristics.In response to this demand,this study adopted a‘simulation-guided experimental research’methodology.Firstly,based on molecular dynamics(MD)simulations,nano-kaolin(KL)/cellulose composite models with different contents were constructed.Then,according to the simulation results,the corresponding proportions of nano-KL/cellulose insulating paper were prepared.The simulation and experimental findings further reveal a sig-nificant effect of nano-KL.To be more precise,nano-KL can effectively fill the microscopic defects and voids within the cellulose structure.Moreover,nano-KL forms an orderly and regular thermal conductivity network in conjunction with cellulose.As a result,this network structure elevates the paper's overall thermal conductivity.Owing to its low-dielectric-loss characteristics,nano-KL reduces the microscopic charge polar-isation phenomenon within the composite structure.It curbs the migration of elec-trons,alleviates the concentration of electric field stress,and ultimately improves the electrical insulation performance of the modified insulating paper.Notably,the 4 wt%nano-KL/cellulose insulating paper exhibits optimal performance,and its tensile strength,thermal conductivity,volume resistivity,dielectric loss,and breakdown strength are 55.81 MPa,0.201 W·m^(−1)⋅K^(−1),4.58×10^(15)Ω·m,0.25%,and 57.81 kV/mm.This study demonstrates MD simulations'feasibility and effectiveness in providing theories and protocols for experiments.
基金supported by the Fund of China National-Textile and Apparel Council(Grant Nos.2022033 and 2022015).
文摘Conventional metal-oxide-semiconductor(MOS)gas sensors are limited in wearable gas detection due to their non-flexibility,high operating temperature,and less durability.In this study,a yarn-based superhydrophobic flexible wearable sensor for room-temperature ammonia gas detection was prepared based on the nano-size effect of both nanocore yarns prepared through electrostatic spinning and MOS gas-sensitive materials synthesized via a two-step hydrothermal synthesis approach.The yarn sensor has a response sensitivity of 13.11 towards 100 ppm(1 ppm=10^(−6))ammonia at room temperature,a response time and a recovery time of 36 and 21 s,respectively,and a detection limit as low as 10 ppm with the sensitivity of up to 4.76 towards ammonia.In addition,it displays commendable linearity within the concentration range of 10‒100 ppm,accompanied by remarkable selectivity and stability,while the hydrophobicity angle reaches 155.74°.Furthermore,its sensing performance still maintains stability even after repeated bending and prolonged operation.The sensor also has stable mechanical properties and flexibility,and can be affixed onto the fabric surface through sewing,which has a specific potential for clothing use.
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3003600)the Projects of International Cooperation and Exchanges of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant No.52020105002)+1 种基金NSFC(Grant No.51991393)the Basic and Applied Basic Research of Guangzhou School(Col-lege)Co-funded Project(Grant No.202201020155).
文摘Flexible joints represent the most vulnerable aspect of the immersed tunnel,necessitating effective waterproofing and the transmission of forces between tunnel segments.However,the role of longitudinal limit devices in the seismic behavior of immersed tunnels is fre-quently overlooked in contemporary research on their seismic robustness.This study develops a longitudinal force model for flexible joints that incorporates the longitudinal limit device,building upon the beam-spring model of the immersed tunnel.Concurrently,a scaled partial experiment on the immersed tunnel’s flexible joint is undertaken,and validated and compared to the theoretical model.Subsequently,this model is utilized in the seismic assessment of the Ruyifang immersed tunnel.The computational findings revealed a considerable improvement in the seismic resilience of the immersed tunnel following the integration of longitudinal limit devices.With the incorporation of these devices,the opening of flexible joints diminished by 20%to 50%compared to scenarios lacking such devices.In addition,the peak acceleration of the tunnel segments’mid-point structural response decreased by approximately 50%,accompanied by a significant reduction in the internal force response within the tunnel segments.As proposed in this research,the longitudinal force model for flexible joints under longitudinal limit devices represents the behavior of immersed tunnels under seismic stress more accurately.These numerical simulation outcomes also offer valuable insights for designing flexible joints in immersed tunnels.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(61370188,61732021)Beijing Municipal Education Commission Scientific Research Project(KM202010015009,KM202110015004)+4 种基金Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication Doctoral Funding Project(27170120003/020,27170122006)The BIGC Project(Ec202201)Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication Research Innovation Team Project(Eb202101)Intramural Discipline Construction Project of Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication(21090121021)Key Educational Reform Project of Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication(22150121033/009).
文摘The cloud’s storage and query of private information have the cryptographic scholar due to the proliferation of cloud computing.In the traditional query mode,the private information stored in the cloud is at risk of being leaked.In order to solve this problem,a cloud ciphertext database system based on homomorphic encryption is a valid workaround.This paper presents a new cloud ciphertext database system model,which is based on the existing ciphertext database mode research and homomorphic properties.This paper also implements a ciphertext database system based on a CRT-based additive homomorphic scheme according to the model.Through theoretical analysis,the model is CPA-level safe and correct.The experimental results show that users can correctly query and download the data in the ciphertext database on the untrusted cloud server through the model,and it has efficiency advantages.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11702187)the Research Fund of China National Textile and Apparel Council(Grant No.2022033)the Fuzhou Science and Technology Plan Sponsorship Project No.2022-Y-005.
文摘The absorption of high-viscosity oil by traditional oil absorbing materials has always been a challenge.So there is an urgent need to solve the problem of slow absorption of high-viscosity oil.In this work,an emulsion composed of polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS),carbon black(CB)and waterborne polyurethane(solid content 40%)was sprayed on the melamine foam(MF).After volatilization of organic solvents,the photothermal material CB was fixed on the MF framework,making it photothermal.By raising the temperature of the modified foam to accelerate the internal thermal movement of high-viscosity oil molecules around the foam,intermolecular forces are reduced,thereby accelerating the separation process.The absorption capacity of this modified MF towards organic solvents and oil is up to 79 times its own weight.In addition,the mechanical properties of the modified foam are improved to a certain extent,more conducive to the continuous oil-water separation.This photothermal absorption material provides ideas for the rapid removal of high-viscosity oil,heavy oil,etc.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:52277138,51867003Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Foundation of Guangxi University,Grant/Award Number:2022JCB008。
文摘Engineering experience shows that for transformers with long service life and serious moisture exposure,the inter‐turn paper insulation inside the winding will precipitate bubbles under the condition of electric field and conductor heating,which will endanger the equipment insulation.In order to explore the influence factors of bubbles formation in the moist insulating paper of transformers,based on the existing research on the influence of moisture content and gas dissolution in transformer oil,this study further considers the influence of air pressure(AP)and electric field and establishes an experimental platform to change the air pressure and electric field,thereby studying the formation characteristics of bubbles in oil‐paper insulation.The results show that air pressure and electric field can affect the initial temperature,volume,and shape of bubble formation.From 0 to−0.05 MPa for air pressure,the initial temperature of bubble generation decreased by 41℃,its maximum two‐dimensional projected area increased by 418.4%with more severe distortion,and the breakdown voltage decreased.When the AC voltage applied on the needle plate electrode increased from 0 to 10 kV,the initial temperature of bubble formation increased by 29℃,and the maximum two‐dimensional projection area increased by 336.6%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52071227,22109025)the Key Scientific Research Project in Shanxi Province(Grant No.201805D121003)+5 种基金the Special Found Projects for Central Government Guidance to Local Science and Technology Developmentthe Science and Technology Major Projects of Shanxi Province(20191102004)the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202103021222006)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(2019D111102)the Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(HGKY2019085)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(2021J05121).
文摘Li metal anodes have attracted tremendous attention in the last decade because of their high theoretical capacities and low electrochemical potentials.However,until now,there has only been limited success in improving the interfacial and structural stabilities and in realizing the highly controllable and large-scale fabrication of this emerging material;these limitations have posed great obstacles to further performing fundamental and applied studies in Li metal anodes.In this review,we focus on summarizing the existing challenges of Li metal anodes based on the leap from coin cells to pouch cells and on outlining typical methods for designing Li metal anodes on demand;we controllably engineer their surface protection layers and structure sizes by encapsulating structured Li metal inside a variety of synthetic protection layers.We aim to provide a comprehensive understanding and serve as a strategic guide for designing and fabricating practicable Li metal anodes for use in pouch batteries.Challenges and opportunities regarding this burgeoning field are critically evaluated at the end of this review.
