Community forest management groups (CFMGs) in Bhutan exhibit participatory forest management practices that recognize the importance of community’s collective participation in the management of natural forest resourc...Community forest management groups (CFMGs) in Bhutan exhibit participatory forest management practices that recognize the importance of community’s collective participation in the management of natural forest resources. This approach involves the community in the stewardship of designated forest areas and resources to ensure sustainable livelihoods and realization of forest conservation objectives. The increase of CFMGs in the country has been successful. However, research on the extent of gender-inclusive participation in CFMGs is either insufficient or missing vis-à-vis the allocation of decision-making power. Therefore, this study analyzes the factors influencing gender participation in CFMGs and their integration into decision-making processes. Primary data were collected from 12 study sites spanning 4 regions, complemented by secondary data from the Forest Department. Regression models were used to identify factors significantly influencing CFMG member participation in decision-making. The empirical results of this study reveal that gender is a significant factor influencing participation in CFMG decision-making. The study concludes that there is insufficient participation of women members in decision-making processes. Therefore, consideration of gender should be included in the development phase of the CFMG policy in addition to promoting awareness of inequity between gender and the promotion of leadership roles for women in CFMGs.展开更多
Each year, rabies kills nearly 60,000 people worldwide. Asia and Africa are the most affected. It is a public health problem because of the number of stray dogs in these nations. In Guinea, rabies is endemic and cases...Each year, rabies kills nearly 60,000 people worldwide. Asia and Africa are the most affected. It is a public health problem because of the number of stray dogs in these nations. In Guinea, rabies is endemic and cases are often under-reported. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of rabies among human and animal exposures in Guinea. This was a retrospective analytical study from 2019 to 2021 conducted in the country’s human and veterinary health divisions and, primarily focused on rabies épidémiologique surveillance. The selection was based on human contact with an animal causing behavioural disorders, as well as animals put under observation following aggression on humans. The data were analysed using Epi Info version 21 software. Qualitative variables were expressed as proportions with 95% CIs, quantitative variables as mean ± standard deviation. The chi2 test and the Fischer exact test were used to compare proportions. A total of 85 veterinary facilities were visited and 100 animals registered, of which 93% were reported cases of exposure to canine rabies. One thousand five hundred and thirty-one (1531) people exposed to rabies were recorded between 2019 and 2021. During the period, the prevalence of human rabies was 0.533% [0.042 - 0.064] at 95% CI and that of canine rabies was 0.55% [0.039 - 0.061] at 95% CI. The biting animal was the dog in 97.2% of cases. Subjects over 45 years of age (57.7%) were the most affected. The prevalence of canine rabies was 0.5% compared with 0.533% for human rabies between 2019 and 2021. This low prevalence does not reflect the true extent of the phenomenon in Guinea, as few people consult health structures in the event of dog bites. Regular surveillance of the human and dog population is necessary for better rabies control in Guinea.展开更多
BACKGROUND The intestinal mucosal barrier is the first line of defense against numerous harmful substances,and it contributes to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.Recent studies reported that structural and fu...BACKGROUND The intestinal mucosal barrier is the first line of defense against numerous harmful substances,and it contributes to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.Recent studies reported that structural and functional changes in the intestinal mucosal barrier were involved in the pathogenesis of several intestinal diseases.However,no study thoroughly evaluated this barrier in patients with functional constipation(FC).AIM To investigate the intestinal mucosal barrier in FC,including the mucus barrier,intercellular junctions,mucosal immunity and gut permeability.METHODS Forty FC patients who fulfilled the Rome IV criteria and 24 healthy controls were recruited in the Department of Gastroenterology of China-Japan Friendship Hospital.The colonic mucus barrier,intercellular junctions in the colonic epithelium,mucosal immune state and gut permeability in FC patients were comprehensively examined.Goblet cells were stained with Alcian Blue/Periodic acid Schiff(AB/PAS)and counted.The ultrastructure of intercellular junctional complexes was observed under an electron microscope.Occludin and zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)in the colonic mucosa were located and quantified using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Colonic CD3+intraepithelial lymphocytes(IELs)and CD3+lymphocytes in the lamina propria were identified and counted using immunofluorescence.The serum levels of D-lactic acid and zonulin were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS Compared to healthy controls,the staining of mucus secreted by goblet cells was darker in FC patients,and the number of goblet cells per upper crypt in the colonic mucosa was significantly increased in FC patients(control,18.67±2.99;FC,22.42±4.09;P=0.001).The intercellular junctional complexes in the colonic epithelium were integral in FC patients.The distribution of mucosal occludin and ZO-1 was not altered in FC patients.No significant differences were found in occludin(control,5.76E-2±1.62E-2;FC,5.17E-2±1.80E-2;P=0.240)and ZO-1(control,2.29E-2±0.93E-2;FC,2.68E-2±1.60E-2;P=0.333)protein expression between the two groups.The mRNA levels in occludin and ZO-1 were not modified in FC patients compared to healthy controls(P=0.145,P=0.451,respectively).No significant differences were observed in the number of CD3+IELs per 100 epithelial cells(control,5.62±2.06;FC,4.50±2.16;P=0.070)and CD3+lamina propria lymphocytes(control,19.69±6.04/mm^(2);FC,22.70±11.38/mm^(2);P=0.273).There were no significant differences in serum D-lactic acid[control,5.21(4.46,5.49)mmol/L;FC,4.63(4.31,5.42)mmol/L;P=0.112]or zonulin[control,1.36(0.53,2.15)ng/mL;FC,0.94(0.47,1.56)ng/mL;P=0.185]levels between FC patients and healthy controls.CONCLUSION The intestinal mucosal barrier in FC patients exhibits a compensatory increase in goblet cells and integral intercellular junctions without activation of mucosal immunity or increased gut permeability.展开更多
This article discusses the role of the Souss river in disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation and sustainable development through mainstreaming natural capital into macro-economic policies. The river course...This article discusses the role of the Souss river in disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation and sustainable development through mainstreaming natural capital into macro-economic policies. The river course, rising from several headstreams in the high Atlas mountain and flowing westward for 180 km to the atlantic ocean is the beating heart of the Argan biosphere reserve. Its alluvial basin ensures the vital link between biodiversity and the population＇s utility functions for more than three million inhabitants. It is one of Morocco＇s most fertile regions where citrus fruits, vegetables, olives are grown beside an argan natural grove, and many of them are for export. Recent growing concern of local authorities tackles natural disasters and subsequent social issues associated to climate change, resource scarcities and flooding damages, especially after the 2014 flood events. This situation paved the way for local NGO incentives to embrace an ecological civilization approach for reconciliation with the Souss river. The local option adopted is to reverse the trend of intensive modem agriculture through a counterbalancing circular economy approach towards an agro-ecological producing pattern in order to sustain the river water balance.展开更多
Background:Understanding willingness to undergo pulmonary function tests(PFTs)and the factors associated with poor uptake of PFTs is crucial for improving early detection and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary...Background:Understanding willingness to undergo pulmonary function tests(PFTs)and the factors associated with poor uptake of PFTs is crucial for improving early detection and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).This study aimed to understand willingness to undergo PFTs among high-risk populations and identify any barriers that may contribute to low uptake of PFTs.Methods:We collected data from participants in the"Happy Breathing Program"in China.Participants who did not follow physicians’recommendations to undergo PFTs were invited to complete a survey regarding their willingness to undergo PFTs and their reasons for not undergoing PFTs.We estimated the proportion of participants who were willing to undergo PFTs and examined the various reasons for participants to not undergo PFTs.We conducted univariable and multivariable logistic regressions to analyze the impact of individual-level factors on willingness to undergo PFTs.Results:A total of 8475 participants who had completed the survey on willingness to undergo PFTs were included in this study.Out of these participants,7660(90.4%)were willing to undergo PFTs.Among those who were willing to undergo PFTs but actually did not,the main reasons for not doing so were geographical inaccessibility(n=3304,43.1%)and a lack of trust in primary healthcare institutions(n=2809,36.7%).Among the 815 participants who were unwilling to undergo PFTs,over half(n=447,54.8%)believed that they did not have health problems and would only consider PFTs when they felt unwell.In the multivariable regression,individuals who were≤54 years old,residing in rural townships,with a secondary educational level,with medical reimbursement,still working,with occupational exposure to dust,and aware of the abbreviation"COPD"were more willing to undergo PFTs.Conclusions:Willingness to undergo PFTs was high among high-risk populations.Policymakers may consider implementing strategies such as providing financial incentives,promoting education,and establishing community-based programs to enhance the utilization of PFTs.展开更多
文摘Community forest management groups (CFMGs) in Bhutan exhibit participatory forest management practices that recognize the importance of community’s collective participation in the management of natural forest resources. This approach involves the community in the stewardship of designated forest areas and resources to ensure sustainable livelihoods and realization of forest conservation objectives. The increase of CFMGs in the country has been successful. However, research on the extent of gender-inclusive participation in CFMGs is either insufficient or missing vis-à-vis the allocation of decision-making power. Therefore, this study analyzes the factors influencing gender participation in CFMGs and their integration into decision-making processes. Primary data were collected from 12 study sites spanning 4 regions, complemented by secondary data from the Forest Department. Regression models were used to identify factors significantly influencing CFMG member participation in decision-making. The empirical results of this study reveal that gender is a significant factor influencing participation in CFMG decision-making. The study concludes that there is insufficient participation of women members in decision-making processes. Therefore, consideration of gender should be included in the development phase of the CFMG policy in addition to promoting awareness of inequity between gender and the promotion of leadership roles for women in CFMGs.
文摘Each year, rabies kills nearly 60,000 people worldwide. Asia and Africa are the most affected. It is a public health problem because of the number of stray dogs in these nations. In Guinea, rabies is endemic and cases are often under-reported. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of rabies among human and animal exposures in Guinea. This was a retrospective analytical study from 2019 to 2021 conducted in the country’s human and veterinary health divisions and, primarily focused on rabies épidémiologique surveillance. The selection was based on human contact with an animal causing behavioural disorders, as well as animals put under observation following aggression on humans. The data were analysed using Epi Info version 21 software. Qualitative variables were expressed as proportions with 95% CIs, quantitative variables as mean ± standard deviation. The chi2 test and the Fischer exact test were used to compare proportions. A total of 85 veterinary facilities were visited and 100 animals registered, of which 93% were reported cases of exposure to canine rabies. One thousand five hundred and thirty-one (1531) people exposed to rabies were recorded between 2019 and 2021. During the period, the prevalence of human rabies was 0.533% [0.042 - 0.064] at 95% CI and that of canine rabies was 0.55% [0.039 - 0.061] at 95% CI. The biting animal was the dog in 97.2% of cases. Subjects over 45 years of age (57.7%) were the most affected. The prevalence of canine rabies was 0.5% compared with 0.533% for human rabies between 2019 and 2021. This low prevalence does not reflect the true extent of the phenomenon in Guinea, as few people consult health structures in the event of dog bites. Regular surveillance of the human and dog population is necessary for better rabies control in Guinea.
基金the National Key Technology Support Program during“12th Five-Year Plan”Period of China,No.2014BAI08B00the Project“The role of the gut microbiota and metabolites in the pathogenesis of diarrheapredominant irritable bowel syndrome”of China-Japan Friendship Hospital,No.2019-64-K44.
文摘BACKGROUND The intestinal mucosal barrier is the first line of defense against numerous harmful substances,and it contributes to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.Recent studies reported that structural and functional changes in the intestinal mucosal barrier were involved in the pathogenesis of several intestinal diseases.However,no study thoroughly evaluated this barrier in patients with functional constipation(FC).AIM To investigate the intestinal mucosal barrier in FC,including the mucus barrier,intercellular junctions,mucosal immunity and gut permeability.METHODS Forty FC patients who fulfilled the Rome IV criteria and 24 healthy controls were recruited in the Department of Gastroenterology of China-Japan Friendship Hospital.The colonic mucus barrier,intercellular junctions in the colonic epithelium,mucosal immune state and gut permeability in FC patients were comprehensively examined.Goblet cells were stained with Alcian Blue/Periodic acid Schiff(AB/PAS)and counted.The ultrastructure of intercellular junctional complexes was observed under an electron microscope.Occludin and zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)in the colonic mucosa were located and quantified using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Colonic CD3+intraepithelial lymphocytes(IELs)and CD3+lymphocytes in the lamina propria were identified and counted using immunofluorescence.The serum levels of D-lactic acid and zonulin were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS Compared to healthy controls,the staining of mucus secreted by goblet cells was darker in FC patients,and the number of goblet cells per upper crypt in the colonic mucosa was significantly increased in FC patients(control,18.67±2.99;FC,22.42±4.09;P=0.001).The intercellular junctional complexes in the colonic epithelium were integral in FC patients.The distribution of mucosal occludin and ZO-1 was not altered in FC patients.No significant differences were found in occludin(control,5.76E-2±1.62E-2;FC,5.17E-2±1.80E-2;P=0.240)and ZO-1(control,2.29E-2±0.93E-2;FC,2.68E-2±1.60E-2;P=0.333)protein expression between the two groups.The mRNA levels in occludin and ZO-1 were not modified in FC patients compared to healthy controls(P=0.145,P=0.451,respectively).No significant differences were observed in the number of CD3+IELs per 100 epithelial cells(control,5.62±2.06;FC,4.50±2.16;P=0.070)and CD3+lamina propria lymphocytes(control,19.69±6.04/mm^(2);FC,22.70±11.38/mm^(2);P=0.273).There were no significant differences in serum D-lactic acid[control,5.21(4.46,5.49)mmol/L;FC,4.63(4.31,5.42)mmol/L;P=0.112]or zonulin[control,1.36(0.53,2.15)ng/mL;FC,0.94(0.47,1.56)ng/mL;P=0.185]levels between FC patients and healthy controls.CONCLUSION The intestinal mucosal barrier in FC patients exhibits a compensatory increase in goblet cells and integral intercellular junctions without activation of mucosal immunity or increased gut permeability.
文摘This article discusses the role of the Souss river in disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation and sustainable development through mainstreaming natural capital into macro-economic policies. The river course, rising from several headstreams in the high Atlas mountain and flowing westward for 180 km to the atlantic ocean is the beating heart of the Argan biosphere reserve. Its alluvial basin ensures the vital link between biodiversity and the population＇s utility functions for more than three million inhabitants. It is one of Morocco＇s most fertile regions where citrus fruits, vegetables, olives are grown beside an argan natural grove, and many of them are for export. Recent growing concern of local authorities tackles natural disasters and subsequent social issues associated to climate change, resource scarcities and flooding damages, especially after the 2014 flood events. This situation paved the way for local NGO incentives to embrace an ecological civilization approach for reconciliation with the Souss river. The local option adopted is to reverse the trend of intensive modem agriculture through a counterbalancing circular economy approach towards an agro-ecological producing pattern in order to sustain the river water balance.
基金funding from the Strategic Research and Consulting Project of the Chinese Academy of Engineering(No.2022-XBZD-14)funding from the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(No.2021-I2M-1-049).
文摘Background:Understanding willingness to undergo pulmonary function tests(PFTs)and the factors associated with poor uptake of PFTs is crucial for improving early detection and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).This study aimed to understand willingness to undergo PFTs among high-risk populations and identify any barriers that may contribute to low uptake of PFTs.Methods:We collected data from participants in the"Happy Breathing Program"in China.Participants who did not follow physicians’recommendations to undergo PFTs were invited to complete a survey regarding their willingness to undergo PFTs and their reasons for not undergoing PFTs.We estimated the proportion of participants who were willing to undergo PFTs and examined the various reasons for participants to not undergo PFTs.We conducted univariable and multivariable logistic regressions to analyze the impact of individual-level factors on willingness to undergo PFTs.Results:A total of 8475 participants who had completed the survey on willingness to undergo PFTs were included in this study.Out of these participants,7660(90.4%)were willing to undergo PFTs.Among those who were willing to undergo PFTs but actually did not,the main reasons for not doing so were geographical inaccessibility(n=3304,43.1%)and a lack of trust in primary healthcare institutions(n=2809,36.7%).Among the 815 participants who were unwilling to undergo PFTs,over half(n=447,54.8%)believed that they did not have health problems and would only consider PFTs when they felt unwell.In the multivariable regression,individuals who were≤54 years old,residing in rural townships,with a secondary educational level,with medical reimbursement,still working,with occupational exposure to dust,and aware of the abbreviation"COPD"were more willing to undergo PFTs.Conclusions:Willingness to undergo PFTs was high among high-risk populations.Policymakers may consider implementing strategies such as providing financial incentives,promoting education,and establishing community-based programs to enhance the utilization of PFTs.
