The main purpose of this literature review is to understand the effectiveness and impacts of Robotics Process Automation (RPA) on the practices of Project Management (PM). For attaining the purposes of the research st...The main purpose of this literature review is to understand the effectiveness and impacts of Robotics Process Automation (RPA) on the practices of Project Management (PM). For attaining the purposes of the research study, an extensive literature review was conducted, which helped in gaining a theoretical understanding. These findings were then justified with the help of current and relevant secondary sources in the analysis section. The findings suggested that RPA is quite advantageous for implementing in varied aspects of a business, especially in the field of project management. However, it can pose several challenges, which need to be taken into due consideration by the organizations during execution such as the capabilities of the employees and the abilities of the existing systems to incorporate automation, among others. It was ultimately concluded that RPA is highly advantageous for project management teams but its effective implementation is the key to success.展开更多
Risk management in Botswana has been very ineffective at assisting projects to be on time, on budget, and meeting client＇s/buyer＇s expectations. Traditional risk management attempts to manage, control, and direct a ...Risk management in Botswana has been very ineffective at assisting projects to be on time, on budget, and meeting client＇s/buyer＇s expectations. Traditional risk management attempts to manage, control, and direct a project through various phases, from planning and design, through procurement, and to construction. However, the risk management in Botswana seems to be either not implemented or not successful. The project performance in Botswana has a poor performance record. The researchers are attempting to identify why the traditional project/risk management is not working. In analyzing the problem in Botswana, the researchers discovered that the traditional risk management model was theoretically unsound, and designed a new project and risk model, with an entirely different approach to risk. The new model is an outgrowth of the highly successful Performance Information Procurement System （PIPS） and the Information Measurement Theory （IMT）/Kashiwagi Solution Model （KSM） concepts. The approach has been presented to some Botswana clients and academics and has received a favorable response. The development of the new risk model will lead to a huge change in the paradigm for delivering projects in Botswana. The theoretical development of the new risk model is ongoing at the University of Botswana as a part of a doctoral dissertation.展开更多
At 09:15 local time on May 13,2018 in the Republic of Mozambique,Li Zhanshu,a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Nationa...At 09:15 local time on May 13,2018 in the Republic of Mozambique,Li Zhanshu,a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC),and Veronica Macamo,Speaker of the Republic of Mozambique,attended the founding ceremony of the Chinese aid project for the Confucius Institute and Media Arts Institute in Mozambique.展开更多
Global Software Development （GSD） is a well established field of software engineering with the benefits of a global environment. Software Project Management （SPM） plays a key role in the success of GSD. As a resul...Global Software Development （GSD） is a well established field of software engineering with the benefits of a global environment. Software Project Management （SPM） plays a key role in the success of GSD. As a result, the need has arisen to study and evaluate the downsides of SPM for GSD, to thereby pave the way for the development of new methods, techniques, and tools with which to tackle them. This paper aims to identify and classify research on SPM approaches for GSD that are available in the literature, to identify their current weaknesses and strengths, and to analyze their applications in industry. We performed a Systematic Mapping Study （SMS） based on six classification criteria. Eighty-four papers were selected and analyzed. The results indicate that interest in SPM for GSD has been increasing since 2006. As a class of approaches, the most frequently reported methods （40%） are those used for coordination, planning, and monitoring, along with estimation techniques that can be used to better match a distributed project. SPM for GSD requires further investigation by researchers and practitioners, particularly with respect to cost and time estimations. These findings will help overcome the challenges that must to be considered in future SPM research for GSD, especially regarding collaboration and time-zone differences.展开更多
China is undertaking an increasing number of mega-infrastructure projects along with its rapid economic expansion.For participants in these projects,understand how to adapt the proper and efficient management strategi...China is undertaking an increasing number of mega-infrastructure projects along with its rapid economic expansion.For participants in these projects,understand how to adapt the proper and efficient management strategies is critical.In this paper,we propose three distinct models for companies under various background and management requirements,based on sophisticated data analysis and model development.Moreover,we successfully committed these models with hydropower development projects and achieved a great progress in enhancing management efficiency.展开更多
At present, China's economic development is very rapid, the development of construction projects have been significantly improved. The rapid development of social economy has promoted the rapid development of the ...At present, China's economic development is very rapid, the development of construction projects have been significantly improved. The rapid development of social economy has promoted the rapid development of the construction industry. At the same time, the construction of engineering projects has also brought new challenges, among which the most serious challenge is how to manage the whole process of cost consultation, which has a significant impact on the social economy, enterprise development and individuals. The project consulting management process in the whole project construction not only has a direct impact on the profit of the enterprise, but also has an impact on the effective management of the company's resources. In this respect, it is important and beneficial to study and analyze the consulting management and cost management in the whole construction process of engineering projects.展开更多
China's economic development has reached an unprecedented level, the level of urbanization is also rising rapidly, and the number of construction projects is increasing. With the continuous development and improve...China's economic development has reached an unprecedented level, the level of urbanization is also rising rapidly, and the number of construction projects is increasing. With the continuous development and improvement of China's socialist market economic system, the construction market has been standardized to a certain extent, and the construction project bidding system is developing towards legalization, which creates development opportunities for the construction project bidding agency service industry. The bidding agency service industry can provide professional services for construction units, which can play a very important role in project construction and promote the healthy development of the construction market and bidding towards standardization. Therefore, strengthening the quality management of construction project bidding agency has become the key work of the current construction industry. Next, the article discusses the quality management strategy of construction project bidding agency.展开更多
Based on a series of investigation and Research on the current situation of water conservancy project operation and management, this paper will point out some problems existing in the current management work for the r...Based on a series of investigation and Research on the current situation of water conservancy project operation and management, this paper will point out some problems existing in the current management work for the relevant industry. This paper expounds the actual situation of water conservancy project operation and management in the current society, and analyzes some problems that should be paid attention to in the operation and management of water conservancy projects.展开更多
Water conservancy and hydropower project and the development of our country and people's livelihood has a close connection, but through the actual investigation can be found that there are many problems in the con...Water conservancy and hydropower project and the development of our country and people's livelihood has a close connection, but through the actual investigation can be found that there are many problems in the construction management of the project, the point is extremely unfavorable to ensure the quality of the project. Therefore, in order to improve the construction quality of water conservancy and hydropower projects and fully reflect their social benefits, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the construction management of water conservancy and hydropower projects through the analysis of actual cases and investigations, and focuses on the study of countermeasures, in order to provide a reliable basis for staff to carry out their work.展开更多
This paper addresses the integrated processes of planning and scheduling of projects using technologies advanced tools as means for managing change in the era of the 4IR.The paper explores the traditional project mana...This paper addresses the integrated processes of planning and scheduling of projects using technologies advanced tools as means for managing change in the era of the 4IR.The paper explores the traditional project management planning and scheduling tools in conjunction with what technology has to offer,to bridge the gap between the traditional project management planning and scheduling tools and what the modern-day business market demands.An analysis of literature covering a wide range of theoretic and empirical studies was performed.The theories underlying various planning and scheduling methods were analysed in relation to the design of projects.A descriptive quantitative secondary data was used as a tool to assess the impact of technology on project planning for scheduling.The analysis of the study’s data was conducted using the principles of cross-tabulation.Inferences were drawn on the significant impact of the use of advanced technological tools on project planning for scheduling in current business time.Organisations can make use of the findings of this study to correctly apply the available advanced technological tools for more efficient schedule management planning to enhance the successful delivery of their projects.Further,this research can be used to provide learning opportunities for new and inexperienced planners and schedulers,and as a basis for further research in this field of knowledge.展开更多
This study employed tri-component continuous monitoring data from 10 measurement points on both sides of a base isolation layer in the basement of a large-span high-rise building in Beijing,as well as from a free-fiel...This study employed tri-component continuous monitoring data from 10 measurement points on both sides of a base isolation layer in the basement of a large-span high-rise building in Beijing,as well as from a free-field station and roof frame,during a Mw 5.5 magnitude earthquake in Pingyuan,Shandong,in 2023.The H/V spectral ratio method was used to evaluate the structural dynamic response characteristics of the building and analyze the regulatory effect of the base-isolation layer on seismic waves.The results indicate that during the earthquake,the peak frequency of the free-field and the measurement points below the base-isolation layer was stable at 0.17 Hz,whereas the main frequency of the measurement points above the base-isolation layer increased to 0.75–1.18 Hz,which is 4–6 times greater than that of the points below.The amplitude was suppressed by more than 70%,confirming that the base isolation layer effectively isolated the low-frequency energy from the ground and increased the response frequency of the building.When the building was excited by an earthquake,a three-tier frequency gradient was formed throughout the building:“base-isolation layer(0.17 Hz)-main body(1.18 Hz)-roof frame(3.83 Hz)”,which can effectively avoid resonance of the entire building.In addition,the composite base-isolation device changed the dynamic characteristics of the structure.The resonance period was extended from 0.74 s(theoretical value without base isolation)to 5.9 s(calculated value),and the resonance frequency was reduced from 1.35 to 0.17 Hz.This finding indicates that the base-isolation layer can enhance seismic performance by increasing flexibility and damping.展开更多
A research group at the University of Botswana has been investigating how culture and construction delivery system stability affect the Botswana construction industry performance. The government of Botswana is attempt...A research group at the University of Botswana has been investigating how culture and construction delivery system stability affect the Botswana construction industry performance. The government of Botswana is attempting to increase the construction performance and sustainability of the Botswana construction industry in an environment of local contractors who do not seem to have the expertise and experience. Currently, the Botswana industry is heavily dependent on foreign contractors. The researchers are trying to identify if the problem is the underdeveloped industry and Botswana culture, or potentially the combination of culture and unstable delivery system, and can a stable delivery system raise the performance of Botswana contractors. The two potential areas of interest are the country culture, and the project delivery/management model. The authors are using deductive logic, logical and simplistic models, and dominant or extreme information to minimizing the need to get into a long drawn out study of details which may be difficult to obtain and not necessarily solve the issue. The objective of the paper is to identify the best method to increase the performance of the construction industry, addressing both the cultural and delivery system problems. The preliminary measurement of the success of the solution is the acceptance of the concepts by major users in Botswana. This paper will propose the potential solution, which will be tested starting January 2011. If this solution is valid, it has a tremendous potential in underdeveloped countries.展开更多
Triclosan(TCS) poses harmful risks to ecosystems and human health owing to its endocrine-disrupting effects.Therefore,developing an efficient and sustainable technology to degrade TCS is urgently needed.Herein,cobalt ...Triclosan(TCS) poses harmful risks to ecosystems and human health owing to its endocrine-disrupting effects.Therefore,developing an efficient and sustainable technology to degrade TCS is urgently needed.Herein,cobalt oxyhydroxide @covalent organic frameworks(CoOOH@COFs) S-scheme heterojunction was synthesized,which combined the visible-light-driven photocatalysis and peroxymonosulfate(PMS) activation to synergistically generate abundant reactive oxygen species(ROSs) for TCS degradation.The degradation efficiency of TCS reached 100 % within 8 min in the Vis-CoOOH@COFs/PMS system,and the reaction rate constant was 0.456 min^(-1),which was nearly 1.90 and 2.85 times that of single Co OOH and COFs,and2.36 times that under dark condition,respectively.The density functional theory(DFT) calculations confirmed the energy band bending of CoOOH@COFs and S-scheme charge transport from COFs to Co OOH.Both experimental and theoretical analyses indicated that Co OOH@COFs in photocatalytic-PMS activation systems synergistically facilitated photo-generated carrier separation,enhanced interfacial electron transfer,accelerated PMS activation,and generated multiple ROSs.In particular,photogenerated electrons(e^(-))accelerated the Co(Ⅲ)/Co(Ⅱ) redox cycle,while the PMS captured the e-,which significantly decreased the charge combination of Co OOH@COFs.Radicals(O_(2)^(·-),^(·)OH,and SO_(4)^(·-)) and non-radicals(such as ^(1)O_(2),h^(+),and e^(-)) were both presented in the Vis-CoOOH@COFs/PMS system,with O_(2)^(-) playing a dominant role in TCS degradation.Furthermore,the pathway of TCS degradation and toxicity of intermediates were explored by DFT calculation and transformation product identification.Importantly,the environmentally friendly CoOOH@COFs S-scheme heterojunction exhibited excellent stability and reusability.In conclusion,this study innovatively designed an S-scheme heterojunction in the photocatalytic-PMS activation system,providing guidance and theoretical support for efficient and eco-friendly wastewater treatment.展开更多
Ballistic impact and sealed chamber tests were performed on the steel-encased reactive material projectile(SERMP)to understand its behind-plate overpressure effect when impacting the thin aluminum plates.The reactive ...Ballistic impact and sealed chamber tests were performed on the steel-encased reactive material projectile(SERMP)to understand its behind-plate overpressure effect when impacting the thin aluminum plates.The reactive material encased with a 1.5 mm thick 30CrMnSiNi2A steel shell was launched onto the initially sealed test chamber with a 3 mm thick 2024-T3 thin aluminum cover plate.Moreover,the overpressure signals in the test chamber were recorded by pressure sensors.The experimental results indicate an unusual behind-plate overpressure effect:as the density of the projectile increases from 6.43 g/cm^(3) to 7.58 g/cm^(3) by increasing the content of tungsten powder,although its total chemical energy decreases,it produces a higher behind-target overpressure at a lower impact velocity.A theoretical model is proposed to predict the reaction length of reactive material inside the projectile based on one-dimensional shock wave theory to understand this unexpected result.In addition,the deviation between the actual energy release and the theoretical calculation results,also the variation of overpressure rise time are analyzed and discussed.As the analyses show,when the SERMP successfully penetrates the cover plate,an increasing density of the reactive material inside the projectile always means that the delaying rarefaction wave effect,an increase of its internal pressure and strain rate levels.These factors lead to the increase of the overpressure limit velocity and reaction extent of the reactive material,while the overpressure rise time decreases.展开更多
According to the multi-project and program management theory, this paper analyzes the program generation principle and establishes a program based on progress goals. On the basis of the present situation of calculatio...According to the multi-project and program management theory, this paper analyzes the program generation principle and establishes a program based on progress goals. On the basis of the present situation of calculation of penalty for delay of the bidding section construction period with the critical path method, we studied the effects of contractor-induced delay of the bidding section construction period in detail, including the effects on the construction period of the bidding section itself, the earliest start times of the next bidding section and other subsequent bidding sections, and the construction period of the program, and then constructed a penalty model for delay of the bidding section construction period from the perspective of programs. Using the penalty model, we conducted a practical analysis of penalty for delay of the construction period of the Baoying station program in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. The model can help determine the amount of penalty for delay of the construction period in bidding sections scientifically and reasonably,展开更多
Vegetation maps are fundamental for regional-scale ecological research. However, information is often not sufficiently up to date for such research. The Loess Plateau is a key area for vegetation restoration projects ...Vegetation maps are fundamental for regional-scale ecological research. However, information is often not sufficiently up to date for such research. The Loess Plateau is a key area for vegetation restoration projects and a suitable area for regional ecological research. To carry out regional vegetation mapping based on the principles of hierarchical classification, object-oriented methods, visual interpretation, and accuracy assessment, this study integrated land cover, high-resolution remote sensing images, background environmental data, bioclimate zoning data, and field survey data from the Loess Plateau. To further clarify the implications of vegetation mapping, we compared the deviation of the 2015 vegetation map of the Loess Plateau(VMLP) and the widely used vegetation map of China(VMC)(1 : 1 000 000) for the expressed vegetation information and the evaluation of ecosystem services. The results indicated that 1) the vegetation of the Loess Plateau could be divided into 9 vegetation type groups and 18 vegetation types with classification accuracies of 87.76% and 83.97%, respectively;2) the distribution of vegetation had obvious zonal regularity;3) a deviation of 29.56 × 10^4 km^2 occurred when the vegetation coverage area was quantified with the VMC;4) the vegetation classification accuracy affected the ecosystem service assessment, the total water yield of the Loess Plateau calculated by the VMC and other required parameters was overestimated by 2.2 × 10^6 mm in 2015. Because vegetation mapping is a basic and important activity, that requires greater attention, this study provides supporting data for subsequent multivariate vegetation mapping and vegetation management for conservation and restoration.展开更多
The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao （HZM） Bridge is located at the Pearl River estuary and has a total length of 55 km. The HZM Bridge＇s main navigational crossing is by way of two 100 000 m2 artificial islands and a 6.7 km...The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao （HZM） Bridge is located at the Pearl River estuary and has a total length of 55 km. The HZM Bridge＇s main navigational crossing is by way of two 100 000 m2 artificial islands and a 6.7 km long undersea tunnel, which are the link＇s most critical parts.展开更多
Quality function development (QFD) matrix was introduced as a tool to measure the quality management performance of contractors. Engineering quality, quality management system components, and their relationship were d...Quality function development (QFD) matrix was introduced as a tool to measure the quality management performance of contractors. Engineering quality, quality management system components, and their relationship were defined. An integrated engineering quality system was decomposed into seven factors and the quality management system was composed of eight factors. Importance weights of all factors and their relationship point were acquired by questionnaires and interviews. Then, QFD matrix was formulated and the calculating process was proposed. This model was verified on a case study. The result shows that it is useful for contractor in benchmarking themselves and invaluable for owners in the process of deciding contractor.展开更多
Construction management innovation system of metro in China is put forward in this paper. Guidelines,objective system,new management ideas and contents of this construction management innovation system are set forth p...Construction management innovation system of metro in China is put forward in this paper. Guidelines,objective system,new management ideas and contents of this construction management innovation system are set forth particularly. The construction management innovation system of metro can meet needs of building harmonious and economized society and realizing sustainable development in China,it is also an important part of science & technology innovation system.展开更多
The construction of water conservancy projects should commence during optimal atmospheric conditions and non-flood period to ensure completion before the flood season begin in summer.In most areas of Northern China,th...The construction of water conservancy projects should commence during optimal atmospheric conditions and non-flood period to ensure completion before the flood season begin in summer.In most areas of Northern China,the temperature during winter remain at lower level,in which environmental factors play the most important role in the construction of water conservancy projects.In particular,low temperature directly affects the strength of concrete and delays its solidification,this highly affects the quality and progress of concrete construction.In order to overcome this barrier,better planning,for reasonable and effective construction techniques and targeted control measures should be adopted to reduce the adverse effects of low temperature to assure a strong and safe architecture.展开更多
文摘The main purpose of this literature review is to understand the effectiveness and impacts of Robotics Process Automation (RPA) on the practices of Project Management (PM). For attaining the purposes of the research study, an extensive literature review was conducted, which helped in gaining a theoretical understanding. These findings were then justified with the help of current and relevant secondary sources in the analysis section. The findings suggested that RPA is quite advantageous for implementing in varied aspects of a business, especially in the field of project management. However, it can pose several challenges, which need to be taken into due consideration by the organizations during execution such as the capabilities of the employees and the abilities of the existing systems to incorporate automation, among others. It was ultimately concluded that RPA is highly advantageous for project management teams but its effective implementation is the key to success.
文摘Risk management in Botswana has been very ineffective at assisting projects to be on time, on budget, and meeting client＇s/buyer＇s expectations. Traditional risk management attempts to manage, control, and direct a project through various phases, from planning and design, through procurement, and to construction. However, the risk management in Botswana seems to be either not implemented or not successful. The project performance in Botswana has a poor performance record. The researchers are attempting to identify why the traditional project/risk management is not working. In analyzing the problem in Botswana, the researchers discovered that the traditional risk management model was theoretically unsound, and designed a new project and risk model, with an entirely different approach to risk. The new model is an outgrowth of the highly successful Performance Information Procurement System （PIPS） and the Information Measurement Theory （IMT）/Kashiwagi Solution Model （KSM） concepts. The approach has been presented to some Botswana clients and academics and has received a favorable response. The development of the new risk model will lead to a huge change in the paradigm for delivering projects in Botswana. The theoretical development of the new risk model is ongoing at the University of Botswana as a part of a doctoral dissertation.
文摘At 09:15 local time on May 13,2018 in the Republic of Mozambique,Li Zhanshu,a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC),and Veronica Macamo,Speaker of the Republic of Mozambique,attended the founding ceremony of the Chinese aid project for the Confucius Institute and Media Arts Institute in Mozambique.
基金the research project MPHR PPR1-09the Moroccan MESRSFC and CNRST for their supporta part of the GINSENC-UCLM(TIN2015-70259-C2-1-R)and GINSENG-UMU(TIN2015-70259-C2-2-R)projects,supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy,Industry,and Competitiveness and European FEDER funds
文摘Global Software Development （GSD） is a well established field of software engineering with the benefits of a global environment. Software Project Management （SPM） plays a key role in the success of GSD. As a result, the need has arisen to study and evaluate the downsides of SPM for GSD, to thereby pave the way for the development of new methods, techniques, and tools with which to tackle them. This paper aims to identify and classify research on SPM approaches for GSD that are available in the literature, to identify their current weaknesses and strengths, and to analyze their applications in industry. We performed a Systematic Mapping Study （SMS） based on six classification criteria. Eighty-four papers were selected and analyzed. The results indicate that interest in SPM for GSD has been increasing since 2006. As a class of approaches, the most frequently reported methods （40%） are those used for coordination, planning, and monitoring, along with estimation techniques that can be used to better match a distributed project. SPM for GSD requires further investigation by researchers and practitioners, particularly with respect to cost and time estimations. These findings will help overcome the challenges that must to be considered in future SPM research for GSD, especially regarding collaboration and time-zone differences.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.50539130,51079070,70761058,and 51179086)the Ph.D.Programs Foundation of Ministry of China(Grant No.20091011294)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Engineering(Grant No.2009ZY7)
文摘China is undertaking an increasing number of mega-infrastructure projects along with its rapid economic expansion.For participants in these projects,understand how to adapt the proper and efficient management strategies is critical.In this paper,we propose three distinct models for companies under various background and management requirements,based on sophisticated data analysis and model development.Moreover,we successfully committed these models with hydropower development projects and achieved a great progress in enhancing management efficiency.
文摘At present, China's economic development is very rapid, the development of construction projects have been significantly improved. The rapid development of social economy has promoted the rapid development of the construction industry. At the same time, the construction of engineering projects has also brought new challenges, among which the most serious challenge is how to manage the whole process of cost consultation, which has a significant impact on the social economy, enterprise development and individuals. The project consulting management process in the whole project construction not only has a direct impact on the profit of the enterprise, but also has an impact on the effective management of the company's resources. In this respect, it is important and beneficial to study and analyze the consulting management and cost management in the whole construction process of engineering projects.
文摘China's economic development has reached an unprecedented level, the level of urbanization is also rising rapidly, and the number of construction projects is increasing. With the continuous development and improvement of China's socialist market economic system, the construction market has been standardized to a certain extent, and the construction project bidding system is developing towards legalization, which creates development opportunities for the construction project bidding agency service industry. The bidding agency service industry can provide professional services for construction units, which can play a very important role in project construction and promote the healthy development of the construction market and bidding towards standardization. Therefore, strengthening the quality management of construction project bidding agency has become the key work of the current construction industry. Next, the article discusses the quality management strategy of construction project bidding agency.
文摘Based on a series of investigation and Research on the current situation of water conservancy project operation and management, this paper will point out some problems existing in the current management work for the relevant industry. This paper expounds the actual situation of water conservancy project operation and management in the current society, and analyzes some problems that should be paid attention to in the operation and management of water conservancy projects.
文摘Water conservancy and hydropower project and the development of our country and people's livelihood has a close connection, but through the actual investigation can be found that there are many problems in the construction management of the project, the point is extremely unfavorable to ensure the quality of the project. Therefore, in order to improve the construction quality of water conservancy and hydropower projects and fully reflect their social benefits, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the construction management of water conservancy and hydropower projects through the analysis of actual cases and investigations, and focuses on the study of countermeasures, in order to provide a reliable basis for staff to carry out their work.
文摘This paper addresses the integrated processes of planning and scheduling of projects using technologies advanced tools as means for managing change in the era of the 4IR.The paper explores the traditional project management planning and scheduling tools in conjunction with what technology has to offer,to bridge the gap between the traditional project management planning and scheduling tools and what the modern-day business market demands.An analysis of literature covering a wide range of theoretic and empirical studies was performed.The theories underlying various planning and scheduling methods were analysed in relation to the design of projects.A descriptive quantitative secondary data was used as a tool to assess the impact of technology on project planning for scheduling.The analysis of the study’s data was conducted using the principles of cross-tabulation.Inferences were drawn on the significant impact of the use of advanced technological tools on project planning for scheduling in current business time.Organisations can make use of the findings of this study to correctly apply the available advanced technological tools for more efficient schedule management planning to enhance the successful delivery of their projects.Further,this research can be used to provide learning opportunities for new and inexperienced planners and schedulers,and as a basis for further research in this field of knowledge.
基金supported by the Deep Earth Probe and Mineral Resources Exploration-National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2025ZD005100)by Beijing Geolight Technology Co.,Ltd.under the project“The Impact of Strong Ground Motion on Buildings”(YF-202520).
文摘This study employed tri-component continuous monitoring data from 10 measurement points on both sides of a base isolation layer in the basement of a large-span high-rise building in Beijing,as well as from a free-field station and roof frame,during a Mw 5.5 magnitude earthquake in Pingyuan,Shandong,in 2023.The H/V spectral ratio method was used to evaluate the structural dynamic response characteristics of the building and analyze the regulatory effect of the base-isolation layer on seismic waves.The results indicate that during the earthquake,the peak frequency of the free-field and the measurement points below the base-isolation layer was stable at 0.17 Hz,whereas the main frequency of the measurement points above the base-isolation layer increased to 0.75–1.18 Hz,which is 4–6 times greater than that of the points below.The amplitude was suppressed by more than 70%,confirming that the base isolation layer effectively isolated the low-frequency energy from the ground and increased the response frequency of the building.When the building was excited by an earthquake,a three-tier frequency gradient was formed throughout the building:“base-isolation layer(0.17 Hz)-main body(1.18 Hz)-roof frame(3.83 Hz)”,which can effectively avoid resonance of the entire building.In addition,the composite base-isolation device changed the dynamic characteristics of the structure.The resonance period was extended from 0.74 s(theoretical value without base isolation)to 5.9 s(calculated value),and the resonance frequency was reduced from 1.35 to 0.17 Hz.This finding indicates that the base-isolation layer can enhance seismic performance by increasing flexibility and damping.
文摘A research group at the University of Botswana has been investigating how culture and construction delivery system stability affect the Botswana construction industry performance. The government of Botswana is attempting to increase the construction performance and sustainability of the Botswana construction industry in an environment of local contractors who do not seem to have the expertise and experience. Currently, the Botswana industry is heavily dependent on foreign contractors. The researchers are trying to identify if the problem is the underdeveloped industry and Botswana culture, or potentially the combination of culture and unstable delivery system, and can a stable delivery system raise the performance of Botswana contractors. The two potential areas of interest are the country culture, and the project delivery/management model. The authors are using deductive logic, logical and simplistic models, and dominant or extreme information to minimizing the need to get into a long drawn out study of details which may be difficult to obtain and not necessarily solve the issue. The objective of the paper is to identify the best method to increase the performance of the construction industry, addressing both the cultural and delivery system problems. The preliminary measurement of the success of the solution is the acceptance of the concepts by major users in Botswana. This paper will propose the potential solution, which will be tested starting January 2011. If this solution is valid, it has a tremendous potential in underdeveloped countries.
文摘Triclosan(TCS) poses harmful risks to ecosystems and human health owing to its endocrine-disrupting effects.Therefore,developing an efficient and sustainable technology to degrade TCS is urgently needed.Herein,cobalt oxyhydroxide @covalent organic frameworks(CoOOH@COFs) S-scheme heterojunction was synthesized,which combined the visible-light-driven photocatalysis and peroxymonosulfate(PMS) activation to synergistically generate abundant reactive oxygen species(ROSs) for TCS degradation.The degradation efficiency of TCS reached 100 % within 8 min in the Vis-CoOOH@COFs/PMS system,and the reaction rate constant was 0.456 min^(-1),which was nearly 1.90 and 2.85 times that of single Co OOH and COFs,and2.36 times that under dark condition,respectively.The density functional theory(DFT) calculations confirmed the energy band bending of CoOOH@COFs and S-scheme charge transport from COFs to Co OOH.Both experimental and theoretical analyses indicated that Co OOH@COFs in photocatalytic-PMS activation systems synergistically facilitated photo-generated carrier separation,enhanced interfacial electron transfer,accelerated PMS activation,and generated multiple ROSs.In particular,photogenerated electrons(e^(-))accelerated the Co(Ⅲ)/Co(Ⅱ) redox cycle,while the PMS captured the e-,which significantly decreased the charge combination of Co OOH@COFs.Radicals(O_(2)^(·-),^(·)OH,and SO_(4)^(·-)) and non-radicals(such as ^(1)O_(2),h^(+),and e^(-)) were both presented in the Vis-CoOOH@COFs/PMS system,with O_(2)^(-) playing a dominant role in TCS degradation.Furthermore,the pathway of TCS degradation and toxicity of intermediates were explored by DFT calculation and transformation product identification.Importantly,the environmentally friendly CoOOH@COFs S-scheme heterojunction exhibited excellent stability and reusability.In conclusion,this study innovatively designed an S-scheme heterojunction in the photocatalytic-PMS activation system,providing guidance and theoretical support for efficient and eco-friendly wastewater treatment.
基金supported by National Natural Science Founda-tion of China,grant number U1730112.
文摘Ballistic impact and sealed chamber tests were performed on the steel-encased reactive material projectile(SERMP)to understand its behind-plate overpressure effect when impacting the thin aluminum plates.The reactive material encased with a 1.5 mm thick 30CrMnSiNi2A steel shell was launched onto the initially sealed test chamber with a 3 mm thick 2024-T3 thin aluminum cover plate.Moreover,the overpressure signals in the test chamber were recorded by pressure sensors.The experimental results indicate an unusual behind-plate overpressure effect:as the density of the projectile increases from 6.43 g/cm^(3) to 7.58 g/cm^(3) by increasing the content of tungsten powder,although its total chemical energy decreases,it produces a higher behind-target overpressure at a lower impact velocity.A theoretical model is proposed to predict the reaction length of reactive material inside the projectile based on one-dimensional shock wave theory to understand this unexpected result.In addition,the deviation between the actual energy release and the theoretical calculation results,also the variation of overpressure rise time are analyzed and discussed.As the analyses show,when the SERMP successfully penetrates the cover plate,an increasing density of the reactive material inside the projectile always means that the delaying rarefaction wave effect,an increase of its internal pressure and strain rate levels.These factors lead to the increase of the overpressure limit velocity and reaction extent of the reactive material,while the overpressure rise time decreases.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Plan of China (Major Project of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, Grant No. 2006BAB04A13)the Philosophy and Social Science Fund of Education Department of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. 07SJD630006)+1 种基金the Third Key Discipline (Techno-Economics and Management) of the Project 211the Key Disciplines of Jiangsu Province (Engineering and Project Management)
文摘According to the multi-project and program management theory, this paper analyzes the program generation principle and establishes a program based on progress goals. On the basis of the present situation of calculation of penalty for delay of the bidding section construction period with the critical path method, we studied the effects of contractor-induced delay of the bidding section construction period in detail, including the effects on the construction period of the bidding section itself, the earliest start times of the next bidding section and other subsequent bidding sections, and the construction period of the program, and then constructed a penalty model for delay of the bidding section construction period from the perspective of programs. Using the penalty model, we conducted a practical analysis of penalty for delay of the construction period of the Baoying station program in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. The model can help determine the amount of penalty for delay of the construction period in bidding sections scientifically and reasonably,
基金Under the auspices of National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC0501601)Key Science and Technology Project of Yan’an Municipality(No.2016CGZH-14-03)。
文摘Vegetation maps are fundamental for regional-scale ecological research. However, information is often not sufficiently up to date for such research. The Loess Plateau is a key area for vegetation restoration projects and a suitable area for regional ecological research. To carry out regional vegetation mapping based on the principles of hierarchical classification, object-oriented methods, visual interpretation, and accuracy assessment, this study integrated land cover, high-resolution remote sensing images, background environmental data, bioclimate zoning data, and field survey data from the Loess Plateau. To further clarify the implications of vegetation mapping, we compared the deviation of the 2015 vegetation map of the Loess Plateau(VMLP) and the widely used vegetation map of China(VMC)(1 : 1 000 000) for the expressed vegetation information and the evaluation of ecosystem services. The results indicated that 1) the vegetation of the Loess Plateau could be divided into 9 vegetation type groups and 18 vegetation types with classification accuracies of 87.76% and 83.97%, respectively;2) the distribution of vegetation had obvious zonal regularity;3) a deviation of 29.56 × 10^4 km^2 occurred when the vegetation coverage area was quantified with the VMC;4) the vegetation classification accuracy affected the ecosystem service assessment, the total water yield of the Loess Plateau calculated by the VMC and other required parameters was overestimated by 2.2 × 10^6 mm in 2015. Because vegetation mapping is a basic and important activity, that requires greater attention, this study provides supporting data for subsequent multivariate vegetation mapping and vegetation management for conservation and restoration.
文摘The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao （HZM） Bridge is located at the Pearl River estuary and has a total length of 55 km. The HZM Bridge＇s main navigational crossing is by way of two 100 000 m2 artificial islands and a 6.7 km long undersea tunnel, which are the link＇s most critical parts.
基金Funded by Postgraduate Scientific and Technical Innovation Project in Universities and Colleges of Jiangsu Province(CXLX_0161)
文摘Quality function development (QFD) matrix was introduced as a tool to measure the quality management performance of contractors. Engineering quality, quality management system components, and their relationship were defined. An integrated engineering quality system was decomposed into seven factors and the quality management system was composed of eight factors. Importance weights of all factors and their relationship point were acquired by questionnaires and interviews. Then, QFD matrix was formulated and the calculating process was proposed. This model was verified on a case study. The result shows that it is useful for contractor in benchmarking themselves and invaluable for owners in the process of deciding contractor.
文摘Construction management innovation system of metro in China is put forward in this paper. Guidelines,objective system,new management ideas and contents of this construction management innovation system are set forth particularly. The construction management innovation system of metro can meet needs of building harmonious and economized society and realizing sustainable development in China,it is also an important part of science & technology innovation system.
文摘The construction of water conservancy projects should commence during optimal atmospheric conditions and non-flood period to ensure completion before the flood season begin in summer.In most areas of Northern China,the temperature during winter remain at lower level,in which environmental factors play the most important role in the construction of water conservancy projects.In particular,low temperature directly affects the strength of concrete and delays its solidification,this highly affects the quality and progress of concrete construction.In order to overcome this barrier,better planning,for reasonable and effective construction techniques and targeted control measures should be adopted to reduce the adverse effects of low temperature to assure a strong and safe architecture.
