The Leafminers,representing a diverse group of insects from various genera within the Agromyzidae family,pose a significant threat to spinach(Spinacia oleracea L.)production.This study aimed to identify single nucleot...The Leafminers,representing a diverse group of insects from various genera within the Agromyzidae family,pose a significant threat to spinach(Spinacia oleracea L.)production.This study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers associated with leafminer resistance through a genome-wide association study(GWAS)and to evaluate the prediction accuracy(PA)for selecting resistant spinach using genomic prediction(GP).Using a dataset of 84301 SNPs obtained from whole-genome resequencing,seven GWAS models,including BLINK,FarmCPU,MLM,and MLMM in GAPIT 3,as well as MLM,GLM,and SMR in TASSEL 5,were employed to perform GWAS on a panel of 286 USDA spinach germplasm accessions.Three SNP markers,namely 1_115279256_C_T,3_157082529_C_T,and 4_168510908_T_G on chromosomes 1,3,and 4,respectively,were identified as associated with leafminer resistance.In the 30 kb flanking regions of these markers,four candidate genes(SOV1g031330,SOV1g031340,SOV4g047270,and SOV4g047280),encoding LOB domain-containing protein,KH domain-containing protein,were discovered.Nodulin-like domain-containing protein,and SAM domain-containing protein,were discovered.The PA for leafminer resistance selection was estimated using ten different SNP sets,including two GWAS-derived marker sets(three and 51 SNPs)and eight random marker sets(ranging from 51 to 10 K SNPs)analyzed by seven GP models.The findings emphasized the superior performance of GWAS-derived SNP sets,reaching a PA of up to 0.79 using the cBLUP model.Notably,this research marks the pioneering application of GP in the context of insect resistance,providing a significant advancement in the understanding and management of leafminer resistance in spinach cultivation.展开更多
Background:Syrian juniper is an economically important species and in danger of extinction.For these reasons,the best seedling production methods of the species should be determined and its plantations should be estab...Background:Syrian juniper is an economically important species and in danger of extinction.For these reasons,the best seedling production methods of the species should be determined and its plantations should be established.The aim of the study is to examine the impacts of altitude and different pretreatment combinations of cold and warm stratifications,citric acid,shaking seeds in bottles with crushed glass,and different stimulating agents including Baikal EM1,Biohumus,Polystimulin A6 and K hormones(PS-A6 and PS-K)on seed germination of Syrian juniper.To conduct the study,the cones of the Syrian junipers were collected from three different altitudes(1000,1200,and 1400 m a.s.l.)within the boundaries of Forest Management Directorate of Bozyazı,Mersin in Turkey.The seeds were subjected to three replicates per one treatment(altitude in interaction with pretreatment).There were 100 seeds per replicate.Results:Two-way ANOVA revealed significant effects of altitude,pretreatment,and their interaction on seedling emergence of Syrian juniper.Seeds from higher altitudes had higher germination rates in all pretreatments.The highest percent emergence(85%)was recorded in the combination consisting of shaking with crushed glass,both cold and warm stratification,and successive application of stimulators PS-A6 and PS-K.All the treatments with most germinating seeds encompassed shaking in crushed glass or soaking in citric acid,both warm and cold stratifications,and application of stimulating agents.Conclusions:The use of seeds from higher altitudes should be considered for seedling production of Syrian juniper due to their higher germination potential.Beyond altitudinal differences,specific pretreatments can rise germination potential more than twofold.展开更多
Seed aging adversely affects agricultural productivity by reducing germination rates and seedling vigor,leading to significant costs for seed banks and companies due to the need for frequent seed renewals.This study d...Seed aging adversely affects agricultural productivity by reducing germination rates and seedling vigor,leading to significant costs for seed banks and companies due to the need for frequent seed renewals.This study demonstrated the use of plasma-activated water(PAW),generated by a solar-powered corona dielectric barrier discharger,to enhance germination rates of spinach seeds that had been stored at 4℃ for 23 years.Treating seeds with PAW at 17 kV for 15 min improved germination(by 135%)and seedling growth compared to untreated seeds.Through detailed analysis,beneficial PAW properties for seed development were identified,and a molecular mechanism for this rejuvenation is proposed.The solar-powered microreactor used in this study is considered to represent a significant advancement in seed treatment technology,offering a sustainable solution to meet growing food demands while addressing environmental and resource sustainability challenges.展开更多
基金supported by USDA-SCRI(Grant Nos.2017-51181-26830 and 2023-51181-41321)USDA-AMS SCMP(Grant No.16SCCMAR0001)+1 种基金Arkansas Department of Agriculture SCBGP(Grant No.AM22SCBGPAR1130-00)USDA NIFA Hatch project ARK0VG2018 and ARK02440.
文摘The Leafminers,representing a diverse group of insects from various genera within the Agromyzidae family,pose a significant threat to spinach(Spinacia oleracea L.)production.This study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers associated with leafminer resistance through a genome-wide association study(GWAS)and to evaluate the prediction accuracy(PA)for selecting resistant spinach using genomic prediction(GP).Using a dataset of 84301 SNPs obtained from whole-genome resequencing,seven GWAS models,including BLINK,FarmCPU,MLM,and MLMM in GAPIT 3,as well as MLM,GLM,and SMR in TASSEL 5,were employed to perform GWAS on a panel of 286 USDA spinach germplasm accessions.Three SNP markers,namely 1_115279256_C_T,3_157082529_C_T,and 4_168510908_T_G on chromosomes 1,3,and 4,respectively,were identified as associated with leafminer resistance.In the 30 kb flanking regions of these markers,four candidate genes(SOV1g031330,SOV1g031340,SOV4g047270,and SOV4g047280),encoding LOB domain-containing protein,KH domain-containing protein,were discovered.Nodulin-like domain-containing protein,and SAM domain-containing protein,were discovered.The PA for leafminer resistance selection was estimated using ten different SNP sets,including two GWAS-derived marker sets(three and 51 SNPs)and eight random marker sets(ranging from 51 to 10 K SNPs)analyzed by seven GP models.The findings emphasized the superior performance of GWAS-derived SNP sets,reaching a PA of up to 0.79 using the cBLUP model.Notably,this research marks the pioneering application of GP in the context of insect resistance,providing a significant advancement in the understanding and management of leafminer resistance in spinach cultivation.
文摘Background:Syrian juniper is an economically important species and in danger of extinction.For these reasons,the best seedling production methods of the species should be determined and its plantations should be established.The aim of the study is to examine the impacts of altitude and different pretreatment combinations of cold and warm stratifications,citric acid,shaking seeds in bottles with crushed glass,and different stimulating agents including Baikal EM1,Biohumus,Polystimulin A6 and K hormones(PS-A6 and PS-K)on seed germination of Syrian juniper.To conduct the study,the cones of the Syrian junipers were collected from three different altitudes(1000,1200,and 1400 m a.s.l.)within the boundaries of Forest Management Directorate of Bozyazı,Mersin in Turkey.The seeds were subjected to three replicates per one treatment(altitude in interaction with pretreatment).There were 100 seeds per replicate.Results:Two-way ANOVA revealed significant effects of altitude,pretreatment,and their interaction on seedling emergence of Syrian juniper.Seeds from higher altitudes had higher germination rates in all pretreatments.The highest percent emergence(85%)was recorded in the combination consisting of shaking with crushed glass,both cold and warm stratification,and successive application of stimulators PS-A6 and PS-K.All the treatments with most germinating seeds encompassed shaking in crushed glass or soaking in citric acid,both warm and cold stratifications,and application of stimulating agents.Conclusions:The use of seeds from higher altitudes should be considered for seedling production of Syrian juniper due to their higher germination potential.Beyond altitudinal differences,specific pretreatments can rise germination potential more than twofold.
基金funded by the Arkansas Agriculture Experiment Station of the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture and the Center for Agricultural and Rural Sustainability(Hatch project:ARK02604).
文摘Seed aging adversely affects agricultural productivity by reducing germination rates and seedling vigor,leading to significant costs for seed banks and companies due to the need for frequent seed renewals.This study demonstrated the use of plasma-activated water(PAW),generated by a solar-powered corona dielectric barrier discharger,to enhance germination rates of spinach seeds that had been stored at 4℃ for 23 years.Treating seeds with PAW at 17 kV for 15 min improved germination(by 135%)and seedling growth compared to untreated seeds.Through detailed analysis,beneficial PAW properties for seed development were identified,and a molecular mechanism for this rejuvenation is proposed.The solar-powered microreactor used in this study is considered to represent a significant advancement in seed treatment technology,offering a sustainable solution to meet growing food demands while addressing environmental and resource sustainability challenges.
