Mycobacterium avium is an opportunistic bacterium associated with pathogenic behavior in both humans and animals. M. avium has evolved as a pathogen by having an environmental component in its life style. Prophages ar...Mycobacterium avium is an opportunistic bacterium associated with pathogenic behavior in both humans and animals. M. avium has evolved as a pathogen by having an environmental component in its life style. Prophages are the integrated viral forms in bacterium genome. They constitute about 10% - 20% of genome of many bacteria and they contribute to pathogenicity of microbes. We investigated whether the M. avium 104 genome contained prophages and evaluated the genes/proteins for putative functions. Three prophage genes were identified in the M. avium 104 database, and sequences were analyzed for specific motifs. The prophage sequences were then cloned in Mycobacterium smegmatis and the bacterial phenotype was evaluated in gain of function assays for environmental stresses, such as tolerance to extreme temperatures, UV light, biofilm formation and resistance to acid as well as macrophage survival. The results indicate that two of the prophage genes, MAV_0696 and MAV_2265, confer M. smegmatis with enhanced ability to produce biofilm. Using a Real-Time PCR, it was determined that MAV_0696 and MAV_2265 transcripts were upregulated upon biofilm formation by M. avium. The expression of MAV_2265 gene was significantly higher at all selected time points. In addition, the expression of MAV_2265 in M. smegmatis also led to significantly greater survival rate at pH 5.0 compared to the wild-type control. None of the other physical abilities were altered by overexpressing the prophage genes in M. smegmatis. In summary, we identified three prophage sequences in M. avium 104, from which two of them were found to be associated with biofilm formation and one with resistance to the acidic environment. Future studies will identify the mechanisms involved in the prophages function.展开更多
The purpose of this paper was to find the suitable condition between glycerol concentration and heating time treatment in the process of delignification and bioethanol production. The production of bioethanol consiste...The purpose of this paper was to find the suitable condition between glycerol concentration and heating time treatment in the process of delignification and bioethanol production. The production of bioethanol consisted of 3 main stages： hydrolysis, fermentation, and distillation. The best result was obtained by a glycerol concentration of 90% and 15 minutes of heating time. It was used to delignify the lignocellulose biomass waste of the sago dregs originally containing 36.56% of lignin, 37.6% of or-cellulose and 39.51% of holocellulose. Then after being delignificated by 90% of glycerol concentration with 15 minutes heating time, the lignin content decreased to 19.3%, while a-cellulose increased to 39.64% and holocellulose also increased to 62.18%. After the delignification was successful, it was followed by the bioethanol production to produce 25% of bioethanol. This research is expected to overcome the problem of the energy crisis, food crisis, and environmental pollution by the sago dregs.展开更多
Objective: To monitor the physiological characteristics and genes expression of obesity rat model after rambutan peel extract(RPE) treatment.Methods: Twenty-four 12-week-old male rats were divided into 4 groups: norma...Objective: To monitor the physiological characteristics and genes expression of obesity rat model after rambutan peel extract(RPE) treatment.Methods: Twenty-four 12-week-old male rats were divided into 4 groups: normal,obesity, obesity treated with ellagic acid(O-EA) and obesity treated with RPE30(ORPE30). Physiological characteristics were monitored by measuring body weight, calorie intake, size of adipocyte and level of triglyceride. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma(PPARg), CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins a and fatty acid binding protein 4(FABP4) expression were observed using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR methods.Results: Body weight gain of O-EA and O-RPE30 rats were lower than obesity group and size of adipocyte cells were smaller than obesity group(P < 0.05), but when we compared to normal group, those groups had higher body weight gain and larger adipocyte cells. The level of triglycerides, protein expression of PPARg and m RNA level of FABP4 genes were significantly downregulated on O-EA and O-RPE30 compared to obesity group(P < 0.05). Our results indicated that RPE had potential substance as inhibitor of body weight gain, declining of size of adipocyte, level of triglycerides, PPARg expression and m RNA level of FABP4 gene on obesity rat model.Conclusions: RPE have anti-obesity activity by inhibiting body weight gain, declining size of adipocyte, decreasing triglyceride, PPARg expression and m RNA level of FABP4 gene on obesity rat model.展开更多
The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruptions in the healthcare system,affecting vaccinations and the management of diphtheria cases.As a consequence of these disruptions,numerous countries have experienced a r...The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruptions in the healthcare system,affecting vaccinations and the management of diphtheria cases.As a consequence of these disruptions,numerous countries have experienced a resurgence or an increase in diphtheria cases.West Java province in Indonesia is identified as one of the high-risk areas for diphtheria,experiencing an upward trend in cases from 2021 to 2023.To analyze the situation,we developed an SIR model,which integrated DPT and booster vaccinations to determine the basic reproduction number,an essential parameter for infectious diseases.Through spatial analysis of geo-referenced data,we identified hotspots and explained diffusion in diphtheria case clusters.The calculation of R0 resulted in an R0=1.17,indicating the potential for a diphtheria outbreak in West Java.To control the increasing cases,one possible approach is to raise the booster vaccination coverage from the current 64.84%to 75.15%,as suggested by simulation results.Furthermore,the spatial analysis revealed that hot spot clusters were present in the western,central,and southern regions,posing a high risk not only in densely populated areas but also in rural regions.The diffusion pattern of diphtheria clusters displayed an expansion-contagious pattern.Understanding the rising trend of diphtheria cases and their geographic distribution can offer crucial insights for government and health authorities to manage the number of diphtheria cases and make informed decisions regarding the best prevention and intervention strategies.展开更多
Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has been extensively investigated as an alternative cancer treatment;however,its efficacy is limited by the low oxygen content and excess glutathione(GSH)in tumor tissues.With the emergence of...Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has been extensively investigated as an alternative cancer treatment;however,its efficacy is limited by the low oxygen content and excess glutathione(GSH)in tumor tissues.With the emergence of ferroptosis,which also impacts redox homeostasis,a combined PDT-ferroptosis approach holds promise for amplifying the efficacy of both treatments.However,concerns persist regarding biocompatibility and tumor-specific release.Here,we report a self-motivated co-nanoassembly for combined PDT and ferroptosis-driven tumor therapy.We first modify linoleic acid with protoporphyrin Ⅸ to form a lipidic derivative(denoted as PLA)and develop a light-boosted carrier-free nanoplatform(PLA@R NPs)by co-assembling the ferroptosis inducer RAS-selective lethal 3(RSL3)and PLA.Upon light irradiation,reactive oxygen species produced by PDT trigger linoleic acid peroxidation,leading to the destruction of the nanoparticles and the release of RSL3.The rapid release of RSL3 enhances PDT sensitivity by depleting GSH and utilizing the Fenton reaction to supplement oxygen.Additionally,PDT accelerates lipid peroxidation,further inducing ferroptosis.This self-motivated effect increases oxidative stress in tumor tissues,as confirmed by a tumor-on-a-chip model.Moreover,the in vivo therapeutic effect with the PLA@R NPs is significant,demonstrating the promising potential of combining PDT and ferroptosis using a light-boosted and self-motivated nanoplatform.展开更多
文摘Mycobacterium avium is an opportunistic bacterium associated with pathogenic behavior in both humans and animals. M. avium has evolved as a pathogen by having an environmental component in its life style. Prophages are the integrated viral forms in bacterium genome. They constitute about 10% - 20% of genome of many bacteria and they contribute to pathogenicity of microbes. We investigated whether the M. avium 104 genome contained prophages and evaluated the genes/proteins for putative functions. Three prophage genes were identified in the M. avium 104 database, and sequences were analyzed for specific motifs. The prophage sequences were then cloned in Mycobacterium smegmatis and the bacterial phenotype was evaluated in gain of function assays for environmental stresses, such as tolerance to extreme temperatures, UV light, biofilm formation and resistance to acid as well as macrophage survival. The results indicate that two of the prophage genes, MAV_0696 and MAV_2265, confer M. smegmatis with enhanced ability to produce biofilm. Using a Real-Time PCR, it was determined that MAV_0696 and MAV_2265 transcripts were upregulated upon biofilm formation by M. avium. The expression of MAV_2265 gene was significantly higher at all selected time points. In addition, the expression of MAV_2265 in M. smegmatis also led to significantly greater survival rate at pH 5.0 compared to the wild-type control. None of the other physical abilities were altered by overexpressing the prophage genes in M. smegmatis. In summary, we identified three prophage sequences in M. avium 104, from which two of them were found to be associated with biofilm formation and one with resistance to the acidic environment. Future studies will identify the mechanisms involved in the prophages function.
文摘The purpose of this paper was to find the suitable condition between glycerol concentration and heating time treatment in the process of delignification and bioethanol production. The production of bioethanol consisted of 3 main stages： hydrolysis, fermentation, and distillation. The best result was obtained by a glycerol concentration of 90% and 15 minutes of heating time. It was used to delignify the lignocellulose biomass waste of the sago dregs originally containing 36.56% of lignin, 37.6% of or-cellulose and 39.51% of holocellulose. Then after being delignificated by 90% of glycerol concentration with 15 minutes heating time, the lignin content decreased to 19.3%, while a-cellulose increased to 39.64% and holocellulose also increased to 62.18%. After the delignification was successful, it was followed by the bioethanol production to produce 25% of bioethanol. This research is expected to overcome the problem of the energy crisis, food crisis, and environmental pollution by the sago dregs.
基金Supported by DGHE Ministry of Education and Culture RI(Grant no.1056/UN.10.14/AK/2011)
文摘Objective: To monitor the physiological characteristics and genes expression of obesity rat model after rambutan peel extract(RPE) treatment.Methods: Twenty-four 12-week-old male rats were divided into 4 groups: normal,obesity, obesity treated with ellagic acid(O-EA) and obesity treated with RPE30(ORPE30). Physiological characteristics were monitored by measuring body weight, calorie intake, size of adipocyte and level of triglyceride. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma(PPARg), CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins a and fatty acid binding protein 4(FABP4) expression were observed using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR methods.Results: Body weight gain of O-EA and O-RPE30 rats were lower than obesity group and size of adipocyte cells were smaller than obesity group(P < 0.05), but when we compared to normal group, those groups had higher body weight gain and larger adipocyte cells. The level of triglycerides, protein expression of PPARg and m RNA level of FABP4 genes were significantly downregulated on O-EA and O-RPE30 compared to obesity group(P < 0.05). Our results indicated that RPE had potential substance as inhibitor of body weight gain, declining of size of adipocyte, level of triglycerides, PPARg expression and m RNA level of FABP4 gene on obesity rat model.Conclusions: RPE have anti-obesity activity by inhibiting body weight gain, declining size of adipocyte, decreasing triglyceride, PPARg expression and m RNA level of FABP4 gene on obesity rat model.
基金funded by Institut Teknologi Bandung(Research Grant ITB 2024).
文摘The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruptions in the healthcare system,affecting vaccinations and the management of diphtheria cases.As a consequence of these disruptions,numerous countries have experienced a resurgence or an increase in diphtheria cases.West Java province in Indonesia is identified as one of the high-risk areas for diphtheria,experiencing an upward trend in cases from 2021 to 2023.To analyze the situation,we developed an SIR model,which integrated DPT and booster vaccinations to determine the basic reproduction number,an essential parameter for infectious diseases.Through spatial analysis of geo-referenced data,we identified hotspots and explained diffusion in diphtheria case clusters.The calculation of R0 resulted in an R0=1.17,indicating the potential for a diphtheria outbreak in West Java.To control the increasing cases,one possible approach is to raise the booster vaccination coverage from the current 64.84%to 75.15%,as suggested by simulation results.Furthermore,the spatial analysis revealed that hot spot clusters were present in the western,central,and southern regions,posing a high risk not only in densely populated areas but also in rural regions.The diffusion pattern of diphtheria clusters displayed an expansion-contagious pattern.Understanding the rising trend of diphtheria cases and their geographic distribution can offer crucial insights for government and health authorities to manage the number of diphtheria cases and make informed decisions regarding the best prevention and intervention strategies.
基金the Project of China-Japan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System Research and Translation of Liaoning Province(No.2024JH2/102100007)Basic research project of 2024 Liaoning Provincial Department of Education Program(No.LJ212410163045)+1 种基金Liaoning Provincial Department of Education Program(No.LJKMZ20221353)the open fund of National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Formulations for Overcoming Delivery Barriers(No.2024-KFB-003).
文摘Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has been extensively investigated as an alternative cancer treatment;however,its efficacy is limited by the low oxygen content and excess glutathione(GSH)in tumor tissues.With the emergence of ferroptosis,which also impacts redox homeostasis,a combined PDT-ferroptosis approach holds promise for amplifying the efficacy of both treatments.However,concerns persist regarding biocompatibility and tumor-specific release.Here,we report a self-motivated co-nanoassembly for combined PDT and ferroptosis-driven tumor therapy.We first modify linoleic acid with protoporphyrin Ⅸ to form a lipidic derivative(denoted as PLA)and develop a light-boosted carrier-free nanoplatform(PLA@R NPs)by co-assembling the ferroptosis inducer RAS-selective lethal 3(RSL3)and PLA.Upon light irradiation,reactive oxygen species produced by PDT trigger linoleic acid peroxidation,leading to the destruction of the nanoparticles and the release of RSL3.The rapid release of RSL3 enhances PDT sensitivity by depleting GSH and utilizing the Fenton reaction to supplement oxygen.Additionally,PDT accelerates lipid peroxidation,further inducing ferroptosis.This self-motivated effect increases oxidative stress in tumor tissues,as confirmed by a tumor-on-a-chip model.Moreover,the in vivo therapeutic effect with the PLA@R NPs is significant,demonstrating the promising potential of combining PDT and ferroptosis using a light-boosted and self-motivated nanoplatform.
