Background:A significant challenge regarding notable historical figures is determining the accuracy of the words and actions attributed to them with the limited available evidence,when their biographers have presented...Background:A significant challenge regarding notable historical figures is determining the accuracy of the words and actions attributed to them with the limited available evidence,when their biographers have presented a biased life assessment.Lauded as a founding suffragette,the first female school principal,and the first white female practicing physician in Canada,Dr.Emily Stowe did not help historians.She destroyed her records,leaving her life story to be told by her daughter,who portrayed her as a heroine–a view that has persisted since the start of the 20th century.To improve the accuracy of assessing the life of Emily Stowe,as much information as possible about Stowe must be collected and interpreted.Methods:Presented is a narrative research method for analyzing historical figures that examines 22 life-changing events in the life of Stowe by answering six types of questions about each event:when,where,who,what,how,and why.Results:This narrative research,representing a psychoanalytic research process,finds that much of the repeated story of Stowe is either exaggerated or likely false.Conclusion:Following the example of Emily Stowe,this unique method is applicable for improving the historical accuracy in assessing the lives of other notable figures.It represents a method extendable to those currently alive,outside the public eye,searching to develop their own narrative.展开更多
Spinal cord injury results in permanent loss of neurological functions due to severance of neural networks.Transplantation of neural stem cells holds promise to repair disrupted connections.Yet,ensuring the survival a...Spinal cord injury results in permanent loss of neurological functions due to severance of neural networks.Transplantation of neural stem cells holds promise to repair disrupted connections.Yet,ensuring the survival and integration of neural stem cells into the host neural circuit remains a formidable challenge.Here,we investigated whether modifying the intrinsic properties of neural stem cells could enhance their integration post-transplantation.We focused on phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN),a well-characterized tumor suppressor known to critically regulate neuronal survival and axonal regeneration.By deleting Pten in mouse neural stem cells,we observed increased neurite outgrowth and enhanced resistance to neurotoxic environments in culture.Upon transplantation into injured spinal cords,Pten-deficient neural stem cells exhibited higher survival and more extensive rostrocaudal distribution.To examine the potential influence of partial PTEN suppression,rat neural stem cells were treated with short hairpin RNA targeting PTEN,and the PTEN knockdown resulted in significant improvements in neurite growth,survival,and neurosphere motility in vitro.Transplantation of sh PTEN-treated neural stem cells into the injured spinal cord also led to an increase in graft survival and migration to an extent similar to that of complete deletion.Moreover,PTEN suppression facilitated neurite elongation from NSC-derived neurons migrating from the lesion epicenter.These findings suggest that modifying intrinsic signaling pathways,such as PTEN,within neural stem cells could bolster their therapeutic efficacy,offering potential avenues for future regenerative strategies for spinal cord injury.展开更多
Burnout is an escalating global occupational health challenge,requiring valid and reliable assessment tools.This study validates the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory(CBI)for assessing burnout among Sudanese workers in the...Burnout is an escalating global occupational health challenge,requiring valid and reliable assessment tools.This study validates the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory(CBI)for assessing burnout among Sudanese workers in the education,healthcare,and banking sectors,where burnout prevalence is high.Utilizing the 19-item CBI,translated into Arabic,the study measured burnout across three dimensions:Personal Burnout(PB),Work-related Burnout(WB),and Client-related Burnout(CB).A total of 1068 participants were surveyed,including 438 teachers(41%),326 healthcare workers(30.5%),and 304 bank employees(28.5%).Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses confirmed the construct validity of the CBI,while concurrent validity was supported through moderate to high correlations with the Maslach Burnout Inventory(MBI)domains,except for a weak correlation between Depersonalization and PB/WB.Reliability was established through Cronbach’s Alpha(α),McDonald’s Omega(ω),Composite Reliability(CR),Average Variance Extracted(AVE),and discriminant validity,all of which were satisfactory across the three groups.The study resulted in two final versions of the CBI:a 17-item version for healthcare workers and a 19-item version for teachers and bank employees.Both versions are available in Arabic,and stakeholders are recommended to use the CBI tailored to each sector’s specific psychometric properties.This tailored approach ensures accurate measurement of burnout,aiding psychologists,therapists,and policymakers in addressing and mitigating burnout effectively within each professional group.展开更多
Surgical repair has been the standard therapy for severe mitral regurgitation causing symptoms or left ventricular dysfunction.Percutaneous mitral valve repair has become an appealing alternative approach for patients...Surgical repair has been the standard therapy for severe mitral regurgitation causing symptoms or left ventricular dysfunction.Percutaneous mitral valve repair has become an appealing alternative approach for patients who are not suitable for surgery.However,clinical trial data are not available on the institutional impact of a percutaneous mitral valve repair program on mitral valve surgery.The current study retrospectively evaluated the impact of the MitraClip program on the mitral valve surgery volume and outcomes.Patient data were retrieved from the 2 years before and the 2 years after initiation of the MitraClip program.The volume of MitraClip procedures increased from eight cases in 2015 to 91 cases in 2017.Since the initiation of the MitraClip program in 2015,the volume of both mitral valve replacement and mitral valve repair also increased(43 vs.60 and 110 vs.154,respectively).Importantly,we observed improved surgical outcomes,including fewer perioperative complications and lower operative mortality and in-hospital mortality.Data from our single-institution experience indicate that the introduction of the MitraClip program is associated with increased mitral valve surgery volume and improved outcomes.The establishment of the MitraClip program enables the hospital to provide higher quality of care and potentially become a referring center for structural heart patients.展开更多
Optimal health during pregnancy is crucial for ensuring the well-being of the mother and the developing fetus.This article is focused on the impact of oral health and the role of personalized oral hygiene management i...Optimal health during pregnancy is crucial for ensuring the well-being of the mother and the developing fetus.This article is focused on the impact of oral health and the role of personalized oral hygiene management in addressing prevalent dental issues among pregnant women,with particular emphasis on periodontal disease and dental caries.Despite the high prevalence of these dental problems and their association with obstetric complications such as pre-term birth and low birth weight,many pregnant women do not receive adequate dental care.This gap in care is often due to misconceptions about the safety of dental treat-ments during pregnancy and lack of awareness on the part of healthcare profes-sionals.Appreciations of the impacts of oral health and personalization of oral hygiene strategies such as tailored education and support,have proven effective in improving oral health in this population.Significant reductions in the incidence of caries and periodontal disease may be achieved by adapting care to the specific needs of each patient,thereby enhancing maternal and fetal health outcomes.Integration of personalized oral hygiene management into maternal health pro-grams and enhancement of ongoing education for pregnant women and healthcare professionals are essential steps in the reduction of pregnancy-related risks and improvement of maternal and neonatal well-being.Core Tip:In this article,we reviewed a recent study on the effects of personalized oral hygiene management on the oral health of pregnant women,as discussed in the article by Men et al.The study demonstrated that personalized oral hygiene interventions significantly improved oral health outcomes during pregnancy by reducing the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease.We emphasized the importance of individualized oral care programs that integrate education and tailored support,and we highlighted their significance in enhancing maternal and fetal health.This approach underscores the need for incorporating personalized oral hygiene management into routine prenatal care in order to optimize health outcomes.CONCLUSION This article emphasizes the critical role of personalized oral hygiene management in improving oral health during pregnancy.By tailoring oral care strategies to individual needs,significant improvements in dental health may be achieved,as evidenced by the reduced CAT scores observed in the experimental group in the study by Men et al[25].This personalized approach not only addresses common oral issues such as dental caries and periodontal disease but also underscores the broader implications for maternal and fetal health.Despite the positive results,there remains a gap in consistency in the application of oral health practices during pregnancy,partly due to misconceptions and lack of awareness among patients and healthcare providers.Future research should aim at validating these findings across diverse populations,investigating the impact of oral hygiene interventions at various stages of pregnancy,and evaluating their long-term effects on maternal and fetal health.Integrating personalized oral hygiene management into maternal health programs and promoting continuous education for pregnant women and healthcare professionals are essential steps toward enhancing overall health outcomes.By proactively managing oral health,the risks associated with pregnancy may be reduced while improving maternal and neonatal well-being.展开更多
γ-Secretase,called“the proteasome of the membrane,”is a membrane-embedded protease complex that cleaves 150+peptide substrates with central roles in biology and medicine,including amyloid precursor protein and the ...γ-Secretase,called“the proteasome of the membrane,”is a membrane-embedded protease complex that cleaves 150+peptide substrates with central roles in biology and medicine,including amyloid precursor protein and the Notch family of cell-surface receptors.Mutations inγ-secretase and amyloid precursor protein lead to early-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease.γ-Secretase has thus served as a critical drug target for treating familial Alzheimer’s disease and the more common late-onset Alzheimer’s disease as well.However,critical gaps remain in understanding the mechanisms of processive proteolysis of substrates,the effects of familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations,and allosteric modulation of substrate cleavage byγ-secretase.In this review,we focus on recent studies of structural dynamic mechanisms ofγ-secretase.Different mechanisms,including the“Fit-Stay-Trim,”“Sliding-Unwinding,”and“Tilting-Unwinding,”have been proposed for substrate proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein byγ-secretase based on all-atom molecular dynamics simulations.While an incorrect registry of the Notch1 substrate was identified in the cryo-electron microscopy structure of Notch1-boundγ-secretase,molecular dynamics simulations on a resolved model of Notch1-boundγ-secretase that was reconstructed using the amyloid precursor protein-boundγ-secretase as a template successfully capturedγ-secretase activation for proper cleavages of both wildtype and mutant Notch,being consistent with biochemical experimental findings.The approach could be potentially applied to decipher the processing mechanisms of various substrates byγ-secretase.In addition,controversy over the effects of familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations,particularly the issue of whether they stabilize or destabilizeγ-secretase-substrate complexes,is discussed.Finally,an outlook is provided for future studies ofγ-secretase,including pathways of substrate binding and product release,effects of modulators on familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations of theγ-secretase-substrate complexes.Comprehensive understanding of the functional mechanisms ofγ-secretase will greatly facilitate the rational design of effective drug molecules for treating familial Alzheimer’s disease and perhaps Alzheimer’s disease in general.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide;however,its therapeutic options are limited.Understanding the molecular mechanisms of HCC could provide insight into new ...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide;however,its therapeutic options are limited.Understanding the molecular mechanisms of HCC could provide insight into new therapies.Emerging studies indicate the important role of long-noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)in the pathogenesis of HCC.The expression of the well-studied lncRNA taurine upregulated gene 1(TUG1)is upregulated in HCC tissues,but its transcriptomic effects in HCC cells remain unexplored.We established TUG1-knockdown and control HCC cells for RNA-seq experiments.KEGG analysis revealed glycolysis as the top enriched pathway upon TUG1 silencing.Accordingly,TUG1-depleted HCC cells showed impairments in glucose uptake,ATP synthesis,and lactate production.Clinical HCC tissue data revealed positive gene expression correlations between TUG1 and several glycolysis-related genes.To identify a molecular function of TUG1 in glycolysis,we explored the competing endogenous model and used bioinformatic tools to find the five microRNAs(miRNAs)that had the most binding sites for TUG1.Among these miRNAs,miR-122-5p exhibited an inverse correlation in gene expression with most TUG1-regulated glycolysis genes,including PKM,ALDOA,ENO2,and PFKM.Dual-luciferase assays demonstrated the direct interaction between TUG1 and miR-122-5p and between miR-122-5p and the 3ʹuntranslated regions of both PKM and ALDOA.We further showed that inhibition of miR-122-5p alleviated the suppression of glycolysis induced by TUG1 depletion.Together,our RNA-seq analysis of TUG1-depleted HCC cells,combined with clinical data,reveals a critical role of TUG1 in regulating glycolysis and provides new insight into its oncogenic function in HCC.展开更多
Extracellular vesicles(EVs)have arisen as potential therapeutic tools in managing infectious diseases because EVs can regulate cell-to-cell signaling,function as drug transport mechanisms,and influence immune reaction...Extracellular vesicles(EVs)have arisen as potential therapeutic tools in managing infectious diseases because EVs can regulate cell-to-cell signaling,function as drug transport mechanisms,and influence immune reactions.They are obtained from a myriad of sources,such as plants,humans,and animal cells.EVs like exosomes and ectosomes can be utilized in their native form as therapeutics or engineered to encompass antimicrobials,vaccines,and oligonucleotides of interest with a targeted delivery strategy.An in-depth understanding of host-pathogen dynamics provides a solid foundation for exploiting its full potential in therapeutics against infectious diseases.This review mainly offers an extensive summary of EVs,comprising their various origins,formations,and pathogen relationships.It further provides insights into the various techniques utilized in isolating and engineering these vesicles to target infectious diseases and how challenges involving large-scale production and cargo loading efficiency should be addressed for clinical application.Finally,preclinical and clinical implementations of EVs derived from animals,plants,and microorganisms are elucidated,stressing their promise for designing innovative antimicrobial approaches.展开更多
Neuroinflammation has been identified as a crucial element in several neurological disorders. Glial cells play a critical role in directing neuroinflammation, both in deleterious and beneficial ways.
Objective:This study aims to determine the effectiveness of giving a combination of Fe tablets and beetroot juice in increasing hemoglobin(Hb)levels of pregnant women with anemia in the Mataram City area.Methods:This ...Objective:This study aims to determine the effectiveness of giving a combination of Fe tablets and beetroot juice in increasing hemoglobin(Hb)levels of pregnant women with anemia in the Mataram City area.Methods:This study was designed with quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test with control design.The location of this study was conducted in the city of Mataram on pregnant women with anemia.The sample of this study was pregnant women with mild anemia based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,divided into 2 groups:a control group and a treatment group of 15 respondents each,bringing the total respondents to 30 people.Analysis of Hb level measurement results was carried out using the independent sample t-test.Results:The results obtained in the treatment group(combination of beet juice and Fe tablets)were the mean pre-test of 9.93 mg/dL and post-test of 11.90 mg/dL(P-value=0.000),which means there is effectiveness in increasing hemoglobin levels while in the control group.Comparison of increased Hb levels of the control group and significantly different treatments marked by a P value of 0.001.Conclusions:the combination of Fe tablets and beetroot juice is effective in increasing Hb levels of pregnant women with anemia in the Mataram City area.展开更多
Taste buds relay taste sensory information to the primary taste neurons but depend on those same neurons for essential components to maintain function.While denervation-induced taste bud degeneration and subsequent re...Taste buds relay taste sensory information to the primary taste neurons but depend on those same neurons for essential components to maintain function.While denervation-induced taste bud degeneration and subsequent regeneration were discovered decades ago,the mechanisms underlying these phenomena(e.g.,heterogenous cellular responses to nerve injury and the signaling pathways involved)remain poorly understood.Here,using mouse genetics,nerve injury models,pharmacologic manipulation,and taste bud organoid models,we identify a specific subpopulation of taste cells,predominantly c-Kit-expressing sweet cells,that exhibit superior resistance to nerve injury.We found the c-Kit inhibitor imatinib selectively reduced the number of residual c-Kit-expressing sweet cells at post-operation week 2,subsequently attenuating the re-emergence of other type II cells by post-operation week 4.In taste bud organoids,c-Kit-expressing cells were resistant to R-spondin withdrawal but susceptible to imatinib,while other taste cell types showed the opposite behavior.We also observed a distinct population of residual taste cells that acquired stem-like properties,generating clonal descendent cells among suprabasal keratinocytes independent of c-Kit signaling.Together,our findings reveal that c-Kit signaling confers resilience on c-Kit-expressing sweet cells and supports the broader reconstruction of taste buds during the later regenerative stage following nerve injury.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA)remains a serious and potentially preventable complication among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM),particularly in Saudi Arabia.Psychological constructs such as perceive...BACKGROUND Diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA)remains a serious and potentially preventable complication among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM),particularly in Saudi Arabia.Psychological constructs such as perceived severity and susceptibility influence health behaviour,yet their role in pediatric diabetes management remains underexplored.AIM To examine psychological predictors of DKA in children with T1DM using the health belief model,and to assess the role of caregiver-perceived understanding in influencing adherence and DKA occurrence.METHODS A case-control study was conducted at Prince Sultan Military Medical City in Riyadh,Saudi Arabia,involving 191 caregivers of children with T1DM(96 cases with a history of DKA and 95 controls without).Validated questionnaires measured perceived severity,susceptibility,understanding,and adherence.Statistical analyses included independent t-tests,Pearson and Spearman correlations,and multiple regression.RESULTS Perceived understanding was the strongest predictor of adherence(β=1.03,P<0.001)and was inversely associated with DKA occurrence(P<0.001).Children without a DKA history had significantly higher levels of perceived understanding and adherence.Perceived severity had a moderate positive association with adherence,while perceived susceptibility showed a weak negative correlation.CONCLUSION Caregiver-perceived understanding plays a critical role in adherence and DKA prevention.These findings support expanding the health belief model to include perceived understanding as a distinct construct and highlight the importance of integrating comprehension-focused strategies into pediatric diabetes education.展开更多
This study reviews the health benefits of white tea and the development of new products derived from white tea.The core processing procedures such as withering and drying play a pivotal role in shaping the unique char...This study reviews the health benefits of white tea and the development of new products derived from white tea.The core processing procedures such as withering and drying play a pivotal role in shaping the unique characteristics of white tea.In the withering phase,water gradually diminishes,and endogenous polyphenol oxidase induces a slight oxidation of polyphenols which leads to a delicate fermentation process.This not only helps preserve the integrity of most components but also imparts an exclusive flavor and taste to white tea.Additionally,white tea stands out as a rich source of polyphenols,polysaccharides,and saponins.These bioactive components which can be extractable during brewing are conferring a myriad of health benefits.These benefits include antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-aging,anti-radiation,anti-hyperglycemia,anti hyperlipidemia,neuroprotection,and cardiovascular-protection properties.Innovative applications range from ready-to-drink infusions to skincare products.The review proposes white tea as a raw material for supplements,meal replacements,and confectionery.Various studies suggest its potential in enhancing gut health,supporting endurance,and contributing to photoprotection in skincare.The article concludes by highlighting white tea’s adaptability,its role as a bridge between tradition and modernity,and its potential to shape the future of functional foods and beverages.Overall,white tea emerges as a versatile resource with applications extending beyond traditional consumption,offering a holistic approach to health and wellness.展开更多
BACKGROUND The generation of intrabony defects due to the iatrogenic use of elastic bands is an undesirable situation that can result in persistent gingival inflammation with subsequent bone degradation,thus ultimatel...BACKGROUND The generation of intrabony defects due to the iatrogenic use of elastic bands is an undesirable situation that can result in persistent gingival inflammation with subsequent bone degradation,thus ultimately leading to tooth loss.CASE SUMMARY This clinical case involved a 27-year-old male patient who complained of persistent inflammation and bleeding in the upper anterior region of the gums,despite having undergone dental cleaning for at least 4 years.The dental and medical history indicated the use of removable orthodontic appliances for 8 years,after which braces were placed for 2 years.The intraoral evaluation revealed inflammation and localized suppuration in teeth 11 and 12.Measurements of 2-7 mm for probing depth and 1-5 mm for clinical attachment loss were detected,and combined bone loss was observed via radiographs.Based on the clinical and radiographic findings,localized stage III,grade C periodontitis was diagnosed.During subgingival debridement,two elastic bands emerged around the involved teeth.The bone defects persisted;therefore,they were surgically addressed using a papilla preservation flap and guided tissue regeneration(GTR).CONCLUSION The use of elastic bands of various sizes and elasticities is often essential in multiple orthodontic treatments.However,it is crucial to perform a thorough check-up for each patient during treatment and at the end of treatment to remove any remaining residue of resin,metal bands,or orthodontic bands.Additionally,it is imperative to inform the patients of the importance of attending their follow-up appointments.The use of elastic bands in orthodontics requires special care;moreover,GTR is a management option for intrabony defects associated with the iatrogenic use of bands.展开更多
A unitized regenerative fuel cell(URFC)is a device that may function reversibly as either a fuel cell(FC)or water elec-trolysis(WE).An important component of this device is the Membrane electrode assembly(MEA).Therefo...A unitized regenerative fuel cell(URFC)is a device that may function reversibly as either a fuel cell(FC)or water elec-trolysis(WE).An important component of this device is the Membrane electrode assembly(MEA).Therefore,this study aimed to compare the performance outcomes of MEA using electrodes with single and three catalyst layers.This study measured Electrochemical Surface Area(ECSA),Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy(EIS),X-ray Diffraction analysis(XRD),and X-ray Fluorescence(XRF).Furthermore,the round-trip efficiency(RTE)of the MEA,as w ell as the performance in FC and WE mode,was measured.In comparison,The ECSA values of Pt-Ru/C and Pt/C with three catalyst layers were higher than the single catalyst layer.This result was supported by electrode characterization data for XRD and XRF.The respective electrical conductivity values of Pt-Ru/C and Pt/C with three catalyst layers are also higher than the single cata-lyst layer,and the performance of URFC using MEA with three catalyst layers has the highest value of RTE among the MEA performances of URFC,which is 100%at a current density of 4 mA·cm-2.展开更多
The increasing demand for high-capacity energy storage,spurred by the growth of renewable energy,has accelerated the pursuit of cost-effective and sustainable aqueous zinc-ion batteries as a viable alternative to trad...The increasing demand for high-capacity energy storage,spurred by the growth of renewable energy,has accelerated the pursuit of cost-effective and sustainable aqueous zinc-ion batteries as a viable alternative to traditional lithium-ion batteries.In this study,a cation-anion coordination cathode material(Zn-MnO_(2)F_(X))is proposed,which regulates the central valence state of Mn ions by covalently anchoring manganese oxides with Zn ions and F ions to inhibit Jahn-Teller distortion and manganese dissolution.展开更多
The Jabodetabek Metropolitan Area(JMA),Indonesia’s largest urban agglomeration,faces severe challenges due to rapid population growth and environmental degradation.Expanding urban areas has led to a reduction in gree...The Jabodetabek Metropolitan Area(JMA),Indonesia’s largest urban agglomeration,faces severe challenges due to rapid population growth and environmental degradation.Expanding urban areas has led to a reduction in green spaces,damaging ecosystem services,and exacerbating urban heat island effect,soil erosion,and flood risk.Therefore,this study identified key ecosystem service indicators,including Urban Heat Mitigation(UHM),Sediment Retention(SR),and Flood Risk Mitigation(FRM),and defined the spatial pattern of ecosystem services and its management zones in the JMA in 2024.Spatial data and ecosystem service indicators were analyzed using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST)and spatial clustering analysis tool(e.g.,Rustiadi’s Quantitative Zoning Method(RQZM)Ⅱ),and the results served as the basis for formulating strategic recommendations.This study highlighted significant regional disparities.Jakarta,Tangerang Regency,Bekasi Regency,Depok City,Tangerang City,South Tangerang City,and Bekasi City experienced the increase of urban heat effect and flood risk due to dense infrastructure and limited green spaces.Conversely,southern peri-urban areas of Bogor Regency demonstrated higher ecological capacities,particularly in water infiltration and temperature regulation,but remained vulnerable to soil erosion due to urban expansion.The results underscored the critical imbalance between growing urban demands and the diminishing capacity of peri-urban areas to supply ecosystem services,which is driven by the transformation of green spaces into built-up areas.To address these challenges,this study proposed the Nature-Based Solutions(NBS)by emphasizing forested area conservation in the southern region of the JMA,natural landscape restoration and rehabilitation in the central region,and a hybrid of natural and artificial ecosystem creation in the northern region.展开更多
Tailoring functional interfacial layers through molecular design of electrolyte additives has emerged as a prevalent strategy to modulate interfacial reactions and stabilize aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs).In this w...Tailoring functional interfacial layers through molecular design of electrolyte additives has emerged as a prevalent strategy to modulate interfacial reactions and stabilize aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs).In this work,the effect of alkyl chain-induced conformation evolution in interfacial layers on stabilizing the zinc anode was systematically studied using linear cationic surfactant additives.Based on the electrochemical tests and COMSOL simulations,these additives expanded the electrochemical stability window of electrolytes and formed zincophilic-hydrophobic interfacial layers on the anode surface,thus suppressing side reactions and blocking water erosion.Moreover,the interfacial layers not only increased the nucleation overpotential of zinc ions,thus alleviating the electrolyte concentration polarization,but also restricted the 2D diffusion of zinc ions on the anode surface,thereby inducing uniform deposition of finer zinc particles and inhibiting dendrite growth.Furthermore,theoretical calculations revealed that va rying alkyl chain lengths in cationic surfactants and their adsorption configurations resulted in different interfacial layer thicknesses.Especially the dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride(DTAC),the dodecyl group provided a robust hydrophobic layer,effectively stabilizing the zinc anode.And the Zn‖Zn cell with ZSO-DTAC electrolyte achieved a long lifespan of 2000 h at 1 mA cm^(-2),the Zn‖Cu cell exhibited an excellent Coulombic efficiency of 99.69%at 2 mA cm^(-2).In addition,the Zn‖MnO_(2) full cell delivered an initial capacity of 149.44 mA h g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1),with 83.02%capacity retention after 2000cycles.This work provided fundamental insights into modulating interfacial conformations and reactions to stabilize zinc anodes by surfactant-type additives,offering practical guidance for electrolyte optimization in high-performance AZIBs.展开更多
Primary liver cancer(PLC)is a prevalent malignancy with high incidence and mortality rates globally.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),primarily resulting from hepatitis B virus infections in Asia,constitutes most PLC case...Primary liver cancer(PLC)is a prevalent malignancy with high incidence and mortality rates globally.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),primarily resulting from hepatitis B virus infections in Asia,constitutes most PLC cases.Despite advancements in targeted therapies and localized treatments,the 5-year survival rate remains low,indicating limited efficacy of current approaches.The advent of immunotherapy,particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),has brought new hope for patients with PLC.However,the liver's unique immune microenvironment presents significant challenges to the effectiveness of immunotherapy in HCC.This article reviews recent research developments in liver cancer immunotherapy,focusing on ICIs,combination therapies,emerging treatments,and prospective future directions.展开更多
The 19th Workshop on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate(WAMC)and the 8th Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere(YOPP-SH)meeting were held in June 2024 at the Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center,The Ohio...The 19th Workshop on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate(WAMC)and the 8th Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere(YOPP-SH)meeting were held in June 2024 at the Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center,The Ohio State University,Columbus,Ohio.These hybrid events convened 79 participants from 15 nations to foster international collaboration on Antarctic meteorology,climate research,and forecasting.The WAMC featured presentations on automatic weather stations,numerical weather prediction,Antarctic sea ice dynamics,and extreme weather events.The YOPP-SH meeting emphasized the positive impacts of enhanced observations during the 2022 Winter Special Observing Period(SOP)on forecast accuracy and addressed the transition toward the Polar Coupled Analysis and Prediction for Services(PCAPS)initiative.The outcomes reflect significant advancements in polar meteorological research and underscore the importance of sustained collaborative efforts,including improved observational networks and advanced modeling systems,to address the unique challenges of Antarctic meteorology.Future workshops will continue to support and expand upon these critical themes.展开更多
文摘Background:A significant challenge regarding notable historical figures is determining the accuracy of the words and actions attributed to them with the limited available evidence,when their biographers have presented a biased life assessment.Lauded as a founding suffragette,the first female school principal,and the first white female practicing physician in Canada,Dr.Emily Stowe did not help historians.She destroyed her records,leaving her life story to be told by her daughter,who portrayed her as a heroine–a view that has persisted since the start of the 20th century.To improve the accuracy of assessing the life of Emily Stowe,as much information as possible about Stowe must be collected and interpreted.Methods:Presented is a narrative research method for analyzing historical figures that examines 22 life-changing events in the life of Stowe by answering six types of questions about each event:when,where,who,what,how,and why.Results:This narrative research,representing a psychoanalytic research process,finds that much of the repeated story of Stowe is either exaggerated or likely false.Conclusion:Following the example of Emily Stowe,this unique method is applicable for improving the historical accuracy in assessing the lives of other notable figures.It represents a method extendable to those currently alive,outside the public eye,searching to develop their own narrative.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea,Nos.2021R1A2C2006110,2021M3E5D9021364,2019R1A5A2026045(to BGK)the Korea Initiative for Fostering University of Research and Innovation(KIURI)Program of the NRF funded by the MSIT(to HK),No.NRF2021M3H1A104892211(to HSK)。
文摘Spinal cord injury results in permanent loss of neurological functions due to severance of neural networks.Transplantation of neural stem cells holds promise to repair disrupted connections.Yet,ensuring the survival and integration of neural stem cells into the host neural circuit remains a formidable challenge.Here,we investigated whether modifying the intrinsic properties of neural stem cells could enhance their integration post-transplantation.We focused on phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN),a well-characterized tumor suppressor known to critically regulate neuronal survival and axonal regeneration.By deleting Pten in mouse neural stem cells,we observed increased neurite outgrowth and enhanced resistance to neurotoxic environments in culture.Upon transplantation into injured spinal cords,Pten-deficient neural stem cells exhibited higher survival and more extensive rostrocaudal distribution.To examine the potential influence of partial PTEN suppression,rat neural stem cells were treated with short hairpin RNA targeting PTEN,and the PTEN knockdown resulted in significant improvements in neurite growth,survival,and neurosphere motility in vitro.Transplantation of sh PTEN-treated neural stem cells into the injured spinal cord also led to an increase in graft survival and migration to an extent similar to that of complete deletion.Moreover,PTEN suppression facilitated neurite elongation from NSC-derived neurons migrating from the lesion epicenter.These findings suggest that modifying intrinsic signaling pathways,such as PTEN,within neural stem cells could bolster their therapeutic efficacy,offering potential avenues for future regenerative strategies for spinal cord injury.
基金funded by King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia,grant number(ORFFT-2025-136-1).
文摘Burnout is an escalating global occupational health challenge,requiring valid and reliable assessment tools.This study validates the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory(CBI)for assessing burnout among Sudanese workers in the education,healthcare,and banking sectors,where burnout prevalence is high.Utilizing the 19-item CBI,translated into Arabic,the study measured burnout across three dimensions:Personal Burnout(PB),Work-related Burnout(WB),and Client-related Burnout(CB).A total of 1068 participants were surveyed,including 438 teachers(41%),326 healthcare workers(30.5%),and 304 bank employees(28.5%).Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses confirmed the construct validity of the CBI,while concurrent validity was supported through moderate to high correlations with the Maslach Burnout Inventory(MBI)domains,except for a weak correlation between Depersonalization and PB/WB.Reliability was established through Cronbach’s Alpha(α),McDonald’s Omega(ω),Composite Reliability(CR),Average Variance Extracted(AVE),and discriminant validity,all of which were satisfactory across the three groups.The study resulted in two final versions of the CBI:a 17-item version for healthcare workers and a 19-item version for teachers and bank employees.Both versions are available in Arabic,and stakeholders are recommended to use the CBI tailored to each sector’s specific psychometric properties.This tailored approach ensures accurate measurement of burnout,aiding psychologists,therapists,and policymakers in addressing and mitigating burnout effectively within each professional group.
文摘Surgical repair has been the standard therapy for severe mitral regurgitation causing symptoms or left ventricular dysfunction.Percutaneous mitral valve repair has become an appealing alternative approach for patients who are not suitable for surgery.However,clinical trial data are not available on the institutional impact of a percutaneous mitral valve repair program on mitral valve surgery.The current study retrospectively evaluated the impact of the MitraClip program on the mitral valve surgery volume and outcomes.Patient data were retrieved from the 2 years before and the 2 years after initiation of the MitraClip program.The volume of MitraClip procedures increased from eight cases in 2015 to 91 cases in 2017.Since the initiation of the MitraClip program in 2015,the volume of both mitral valve replacement and mitral valve repair also increased(43 vs.60 and 110 vs.154,respectively).Importantly,we observed improved surgical outcomes,including fewer perioperative complications and lower operative mortality and in-hospital mortality.Data from our single-institution experience indicate that the introduction of the MitraClip program is associated with increased mitral valve surgery volume and improved outcomes.The establishment of the MitraClip program enables the hospital to provide higher quality of care and potentially become a referring center for structural heart patients.
文摘Optimal health during pregnancy is crucial for ensuring the well-being of the mother and the developing fetus.This article is focused on the impact of oral health and the role of personalized oral hygiene management in addressing prevalent dental issues among pregnant women,with particular emphasis on periodontal disease and dental caries.Despite the high prevalence of these dental problems and their association with obstetric complications such as pre-term birth and low birth weight,many pregnant women do not receive adequate dental care.This gap in care is often due to misconceptions about the safety of dental treat-ments during pregnancy and lack of awareness on the part of healthcare profes-sionals.Appreciations of the impacts of oral health and personalization of oral hygiene strategies such as tailored education and support,have proven effective in improving oral health in this population.Significant reductions in the incidence of caries and periodontal disease may be achieved by adapting care to the specific needs of each patient,thereby enhancing maternal and fetal health outcomes.Integration of personalized oral hygiene management into maternal health pro-grams and enhancement of ongoing education for pregnant women and healthcare professionals are essential steps in the reduction of pregnancy-related risks and improvement of maternal and neonatal well-being.Core Tip:In this article,we reviewed a recent study on the effects of personalized oral hygiene management on the oral health of pregnant women,as discussed in the article by Men et al.The study demonstrated that personalized oral hygiene interventions significantly improved oral health outcomes during pregnancy by reducing the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease.We emphasized the importance of individualized oral care programs that integrate education and tailored support,and we highlighted their significance in enhancing maternal and fetal health.This approach underscores the need for incorporating personalized oral hygiene management into routine prenatal care in order to optimize health outcomes.CONCLUSION This article emphasizes the critical role of personalized oral hygiene management in improving oral health during pregnancy.By tailoring oral care strategies to individual needs,significant improvements in dental health may be achieved,as evidenced by the reduced CAT scores observed in the experimental group in the study by Men et al[25].This personalized approach not only addresses common oral issues such as dental caries and periodontal disease but also underscores the broader implications for maternal and fetal health.Despite the positive results,there remains a gap in consistency in the application of oral health practices during pregnancy,partly due to misconceptions and lack of awareness among patients and healthcare providers.Future research should aim at validating these findings across diverse populations,investigating the impact of oral hygiene interventions at various stages of pregnancy,and evaluating their long-term effects on maternal and fetal health.Integrating personalized oral hygiene management into maternal health programs and promoting continuous education for pregnant women and healthcare professionals are essential steps toward enhancing overall health outcomes.By proactively managing oral health,the risks associated with pregnancy may be reduced while improving maternal and neonatal well-being.
基金supported in part by Award 2121063 from National Science Foundation(to YM)AG66986 from the National Institutes of Health(to MSW).
文摘γ-Secretase,called“the proteasome of the membrane,”is a membrane-embedded protease complex that cleaves 150+peptide substrates with central roles in biology and medicine,including amyloid precursor protein and the Notch family of cell-surface receptors.Mutations inγ-secretase and amyloid precursor protein lead to early-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease.γ-Secretase has thus served as a critical drug target for treating familial Alzheimer’s disease and the more common late-onset Alzheimer’s disease as well.However,critical gaps remain in understanding the mechanisms of processive proteolysis of substrates,the effects of familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations,and allosteric modulation of substrate cleavage byγ-secretase.In this review,we focus on recent studies of structural dynamic mechanisms ofγ-secretase.Different mechanisms,including the“Fit-Stay-Trim,”“Sliding-Unwinding,”and“Tilting-Unwinding,”have been proposed for substrate proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein byγ-secretase based on all-atom molecular dynamics simulations.While an incorrect registry of the Notch1 substrate was identified in the cryo-electron microscopy structure of Notch1-boundγ-secretase,molecular dynamics simulations on a resolved model of Notch1-boundγ-secretase that was reconstructed using the amyloid precursor protein-boundγ-secretase as a template successfully capturedγ-secretase activation for proper cleavages of both wildtype and mutant Notch,being consistent with biochemical experimental findings.The approach could be potentially applied to decipher the processing mechanisms of various substrates byγ-secretase.In addition,controversy over the effects of familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations,particularly the issue of whether they stabilize or destabilizeγ-secretase-substrate complexes,is discussed.Finally,an outlook is provided for future studies ofγ-secretase,including pathways of substrate binding and product release,effects of modulators on familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations of theγ-secretase-substrate complexes.Comprehensive understanding of the functional mechanisms ofγ-secretase will greatly facilitate the rational design of effective drug molecules for treating familial Alzheimer’s disease and perhaps Alzheimer’s disease in general.
基金supported by the Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund Chulalongkorn University(Grant No.HEAF67300078)the 90th Anniversary Scholarship,Chulalongkorn University Ratchadapisek Sompoch Fund(Grant No.Batch#55,T.Boonto)the Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer,Faculty of Medicine,Chulalongkorn University.T.Boonto was supported by the scholarship from the Graduate School,Chulalongkorn University,to commemorate the 72^(nd) anniversary of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej(Grant No.Batch#22).
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide;however,its therapeutic options are limited.Understanding the molecular mechanisms of HCC could provide insight into new therapies.Emerging studies indicate the important role of long-noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)in the pathogenesis of HCC.The expression of the well-studied lncRNA taurine upregulated gene 1(TUG1)is upregulated in HCC tissues,but its transcriptomic effects in HCC cells remain unexplored.We established TUG1-knockdown and control HCC cells for RNA-seq experiments.KEGG analysis revealed glycolysis as the top enriched pathway upon TUG1 silencing.Accordingly,TUG1-depleted HCC cells showed impairments in glucose uptake,ATP synthesis,and lactate production.Clinical HCC tissue data revealed positive gene expression correlations between TUG1 and several glycolysis-related genes.To identify a molecular function of TUG1 in glycolysis,we explored the competing endogenous model and used bioinformatic tools to find the five microRNAs(miRNAs)that had the most binding sites for TUG1.Among these miRNAs,miR-122-5p exhibited an inverse correlation in gene expression with most TUG1-regulated glycolysis genes,including PKM,ALDOA,ENO2,and PFKM.Dual-luciferase assays demonstrated the direct interaction between TUG1 and miR-122-5p and between miR-122-5p and the 3ʹuntranslated regions of both PKM and ALDOA.We further showed that inhibition of miR-122-5p alleviated the suppression of glycolysis induced by TUG1 depletion.Together,our RNA-seq analysis of TUG1-depleted HCC cells,combined with clinical data,reveals a critical role of TUG1 in regulating glycolysis and provides new insight into its oncogenic function in HCC.
基金funded by the National Science Foundation grant(IOS-1900377),received by QLM and EPSCoR GRSP Round 19 grant received by SVTW.
文摘Extracellular vesicles(EVs)have arisen as potential therapeutic tools in managing infectious diseases because EVs can regulate cell-to-cell signaling,function as drug transport mechanisms,and influence immune reactions.They are obtained from a myriad of sources,such as plants,humans,and animal cells.EVs like exosomes and ectosomes can be utilized in their native form as therapeutics or engineered to encompass antimicrobials,vaccines,and oligonucleotides of interest with a targeted delivery strategy.An in-depth understanding of host-pathogen dynamics provides a solid foundation for exploiting its full potential in therapeutics against infectious diseases.This review mainly offers an extensive summary of EVs,comprising their various origins,formations,and pathogen relationships.It further provides insights into the various techniques utilized in isolating and engineering these vesicles to target infectious diseases and how challenges involving large-scale production and cargo loading efficiency should be addressed for clinical application.Finally,preclinical and clinical implementations of EVs derived from animals,plants,and microorganisms are elucidated,stressing their promise for designing innovative antimicrobial approaches.
基金supported by a grant from the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation(NRF),which is funded by the Korean government(MSIP)(NRF-2020M3E5D9079764)(to KS)。
文摘Neuroinflammation has been identified as a crucial element in several neurological disorders. Glial cells play a critical role in directing neuroinflammation, both in deleterious and beneficial ways.
基金supported by Muhammadiyah Research Grant (RisetMu) Batch Ⅵ (No. 1687.186/PD/I.3/D/2022)
文摘Objective:This study aims to determine the effectiveness of giving a combination of Fe tablets and beetroot juice in increasing hemoglobin(Hb)levels of pregnant women with anemia in the Mataram City area.Methods:This study was designed with quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test with control design.The location of this study was conducted in the city of Mataram on pregnant women with anemia.The sample of this study was pregnant women with mild anemia based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,divided into 2 groups:a control group and a treatment group of 15 respondents each,bringing the total respondents to 30 people.Analysis of Hb level measurement results was carried out using the independent sample t-test.Results:The results obtained in the treatment group(combination of beet juice and Fe tablets)were the mean pre-test of 9.93 mg/dL and post-test of 11.90 mg/dL(P-value=0.000),which means there is effectiveness in increasing hemoglobin levels while in the control group.Comparison of increased Hb levels of the control group and significantly different treatments marked by a P value of 0.001.Conclusions:the combination of Fe tablets and beetroot juice is effective in increasing Hb levels of pregnant women with anemia in the Mataram City area.
基金supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean Government(Ministry of Science and ICT,RS-2023-00208193 to Y.T.J.)by a grant of the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI)funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare(RS-2024-00403511 to D.-H.K.)by a Korea University grant(K2117151 to Y.T.J.)。
文摘Taste buds relay taste sensory information to the primary taste neurons but depend on those same neurons for essential components to maintain function.While denervation-induced taste bud degeneration and subsequent regeneration were discovered decades ago,the mechanisms underlying these phenomena(e.g.,heterogenous cellular responses to nerve injury and the signaling pathways involved)remain poorly understood.Here,using mouse genetics,nerve injury models,pharmacologic manipulation,and taste bud organoid models,we identify a specific subpopulation of taste cells,predominantly c-Kit-expressing sweet cells,that exhibit superior resistance to nerve injury.We found the c-Kit inhibitor imatinib selectively reduced the number of residual c-Kit-expressing sweet cells at post-operation week 2,subsequently attenuating the re-emergence of other type II cells by post-operation week 4.In taste bud organoids,c-Kit-expressing cells were resistant to R-spondin withdrawal but susceptible to imatinib,while other taste cell types showed the opposite behavior.We also observed a distinct population of residual taste cells that acquired stem-like properties,generating clonal descendent cells among suprabasal keratinocytes independent of c-Kit signaling.Together,our findings reveal that c-Kit signaling confers resilience on c-Kit-expressing sweet cells and supports the broader reconstruction of taste buds during the later regenerative stage following nerve injury.
基金Supported by the Ongoing Research Funding Program at King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia,No.ORF-2025-1315.
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA)remains a serious and potentially preventable complication among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM),particularly in Saudi Arabia.Psychological constructs such as perceived severity and susceptibility influence health behaviour,yet their role in pediatric diabetes management remains underexplored.AIM To examine psychological predictors of DKA in children with T1DM using the health belief model,and to assess the role of caregiver-perceived understanding in influencing adherence and DKA occurrence.METHODS A case-control study was conducted at Prince Sultan Military Medical City in Riyadh,Saudi Arabia,involving 191 caregivers of children with T1DM(96 cases with a history of DKA and 95 controls without).Validated questionnaires measured perceived severity,susceptibility,understanding,and adherence.Statistical analyses included independent t-tests,Pearson and Spearman correlations,and multiple regression.RESULTS Perceived understanding was the strongest predictor of adherence(β=1.03,P<0.001)and was inversely associated with DKA occurrence(P<0.001).Children without a DKA history had significantly higher levels of perceived understanding and adherence.Perceived severity had a moderate positive association with adherence,while perceived susceptibility showed a weak negative correlation.CONCLUSION Caregiver-perceived understanding plays a critical role in adherence and DKA prevention.These findings support expanding the health belief model to include perceived understanding as a distinct construct and highlight the importance of integrating comprehension-focused strategies into pediatric diabetes education.
基金jointly supported by Guangdong Higher Education Upgrading Plan (2021-2025) at Beijing Normal-Hong Kong Baptist University,Zhuhai,China (UICR0400015-24,UICR0400016-24)
文摘This study reviews the health benefits of white tea and the development of new products derived from white tea.The core processing procedures such as withering and drying play a pivotal role in shaping the unique characteristics of white tea.In the withering phase,water gradually diminishes,and endogenous polyphenol oxidase induces a slight oxidation of polyphenols which leads to a delicate fermentation process.This not only helps preserve the integrity of most components but also imparts an exclusive flavor and taste to white tea.Additionally,white tea stands out as a rich source of polyphenols,polysaccharides,and saponins.These bioactive components which can be extractable during brewing are conferring a myriad of health benefits.These benefits include antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-aging,anti-radiation,anti-hyperglycemia,anti hyperlipidemia,neuroprotection,and cardiovascular-protection properties.Innovative applications range from ready-to-drink infusions to skincare products.The review proposes white tea as a raw material for supplements,meal replacements,and confectionery.Various studies suggest its potential in enhancing gut health,supporting endurance,and contributing to photoprotection in skincare.The article concludes by highlighting white tea’s adaptability,its role as a bridge between tradition and modernity,and its potential to shape the future of functional foods and beverages.Overall,white tea emerges as a versatile resource with applications extending beyond traditional consumption,offering a holistic approach to health and wellness.
文摘BACKGROUND The generation of intrabony defects due to the iatrogenic use of elastic bands is an undesirable situation that can result in persistent gingival inflammation with subsequent bone degradation,thus ultimately leading to tooth loss.CASE SUMMARY This clinical case involved a 27-year-old male patient who complained of persistent inflammation and bleeding in the upper anterior region of the gums,despite having undergone dental cleaning for at least 4 years.The dental and medical history indicated the use of removable orthodontic appliances for 8 years,after which braces were placed for 2 years.The intraoral evaluation revealed inflammation and localized suppuration in teeth 11 and 12.Measurements of 2-7 mm for probing depth and 1-5 mm for clinical attachment loss were detected,and combined bone loss was observed via radiographs.Based on the clinical and radiographic findings,localized stage III,grade C periodontitis was diagnosed.During subgingival debridement,two elastic bands emerged around the involved teeth.The bone defects persisted;therefore,they were surgically addressed using a papilla preservation flap and guided tissue regeneration(GTR).CONCLUSION The use of elastic bands of various sizes and elasticities is often essential in multiple orthodontic treatments.However,it is crucial to perform a thorough check-up for each patient during treatment and at the end of treatment to remove any remaining residue of resin,metal bands,or orthodontic bands.Additionally,it is imperative to inform the patients of the importance of attending their follow-up appointments.The use of elastic bands in orthodontics requires special care;moreover,GTR is a management option for intrabony defects associated with the iatrogenic use of bands.
基金support from the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia under grant HICOE-2023-005.
文摘A unitized regenerative fuel cell(URFC)is a device that may function reversibly as either a fuel cell(FC)or water elec-trolysis(WE).An important component of this device is the Membrane electrode assembly(MEA).Therefore,this study aimed to compare the performance outcomes of MEA using electrodes with single and three catalyst layers.This study measured Electrochemical Surface Area(ECSA),Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy(EIS),X-ray Diffraction analysis(XRD),and X-ray Fluorescence(XRF).Furthermore,the round-trip efficiency(RTE)of the MEA,as w ell as the performance in FC and WE mode,was measured.In comparison,The ECSA values of Pt-Ru/C and Pt/C with three catalyst layers were higher than the single catalyst layer.This result was supported by electrode characterization data for XRD and XRF.The respective electrical conductivity values of Pt-Ru/C and Pt/C with three catalyst layers are also higher than the single cata-lyst layer,and the performance of URFC using MEA with three catalyst layers has the highest value of RTE among the MEA performances of URFC,which is 100%at a current density of 4 mA·cm-2.
基金support from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019 T120189)Analytical&Testing Center of Tiangong University for characterization of al the samplesprovided by Cangzhou Institute of Tiangong University(Grant No.TGCYY-F-0301)。
文摘The increasing demand for high-capacity energy storage,spurred by the growth of renewable energy,has accelerated the pursuit of cost-effective and sustainable aqueous zinc-ion batteries as a viable alternative to traditional lithium-ion batteries.In this study,a cation-anion coordination cathode material(Zn-MnO_(2)F_(X))is proposed,which regulates the central valence state of Mn ions by covalently anchoring manganese oxides with Zn ions and F ions to inhibit Jahn-Teller distortion and manganese dissolution.
基金funded by the Directorate General of Higher Education,Research,and Technology,Ministry of Education,Culture,Research,and Technology,Indonesia,under the Research Program Implementation Contract for the year 2024 under subcontract number 027/ES/PG.02.00.PL/2024.
文摘The Jabodetabek Metropolitan Area(JMA),Indonesia’s largest urban agglomeration,faces severe challenges due to rapid population growth and environmental degradation.Expanding urban areas has led to a reduction in green spaces,damaging ecosystem services,and exacerbating urban heat island effect,soil erosion,and flood risk.Therefore,this study identified key ecosystem service indicators,including Urban Heat Mitigation(UHM),Sediment Retention(SR),and Flood Risk Mitigation(FRM),and defined the spatial pattern of ecosystem services and its management zones in the JMA in 2024.Spatial data and ecosystem service indicators were analyzed using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST)and spatial clustering analysis tool(e.g.,Rustiadi’s Quantitative Zoning Method(RQZM)Ⅱ),and the results served as the basis for formulating strategic recommendations.This study highlighted significant regional disparities.Jakarta,Tangerang Regency,Bekasi Regency,Depok City,Tangerang City,South Tangerang City,and Bekasi City experienced the increase of urban heat effect and flood risk due to dense infrastructure and limited green spaces.Conversely,southern peri-urban areas of Bogor Regency demonstrated higher ecological capacities,particularly in water infiltration and temperature regulation,but remained vulnerable to soil erosion due to urban expansion.The results underscored the critical imbalance between growing urban demands and the diminishing capacity of peri-urban areas to supply ecosystem services,which is driven by the transformation of green spaces into built-up areas.To address these challenges,this study proposed the Nature-Based Solutions(NBS)by emphasizing forested area conservation in the southern region of the JMA,natural landscape restoration and rehabilitation in the central region,and a hybrid of natural and artificial ecosystem creation in the northern region.
基金funding provided by Cangzhou Institute of Tiangong University(Grant No.TGCYY-F-0301)Hebei Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.E2025110039)。
文摘Tailoring functional interfacial layers through molecular design of electrolyte additives has emerged as a prevalent strategy to modulate interfacial reactions and stabilize aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs).In this work,the effect of alkyl chain-induced conformation evolution in interfacial layers on stabilizing the zinc anode was systematically studied using linear cationic surfactant additives.Based on the electrochemical tests and COMSOL simulations,these additives expanded the electrochemical stability window of electrolytes and formed zincophilic-hydrophobic interfacial layers on the anode surface,thus suppressing side reactions and blocking water erosion.Moreover,the interfacial layers not only increased the nucleation overpotential of zinc ions,thus alleviating the electrolyte concentration polarization,but also restricted the 2D diffusion of zinc ions on the anode surface,thereby inducing uniform deposition of finer zinc particles and inhibiting dendrite growth.Furthermore,theoretical calculations revealed that va rying alkyl chain lengths in cationic surfactants and their adsorption configurations resulted in different interfacial layer thicknesses.Especially the dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride(DTAC),the dodecyl group provided a robust hydrophobic layer,effectively stabilizing the zinc anode.And the Zn‖Zn cell with ZSO-DTAC electrolyte achieved a long lifespan of 2000 h at 1 mA cm^(-2),the Zn‖Cu cell exhibited an excellent Coulombic efficiency of 99.69%at 2 mA cm^(-2).In addition,the Zn‖MnO_(2) full cell delivered an initial capacity of 149.44 mA h g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1),with 83.02%capacity retention after 2000cycles.This work provided fundamental insights into modulating interfacial conformations and reactions to stabilize zinc anodes by surfactant-type additives,offering practical guidance for electrolyte optimization in high-performance AZIBs.
文摘Primary liver cancer(PLC)is a prevalent malignancy with high incidence and mortality rates globally.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),primarily resulting from hepatitis B virus infections in Asia,constitutes most PLC cases.Despite advancements in targeted therapies and localized treatments,the 5-year survival rate remains low,indicating limited efficacy of current approaches.The advent of immunotherapy,particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),has brought new hope for patients with PLC.However,the liver's unique immune microenvironment presents significant challenges to the effectiveness of immunotherapy in HCC.This article reviews recent research developments in liver cancer immunotherapy,focusing on ICIs,combination therapies,emerging treatments,and prospective future directions.
基金support from the Office of Polar Programs of the National Science Foundation(Grant Nos.2205398,2233182,1951720,1951603,2301362).
文摘The 19th Workshop on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate(WAMC)and the 8th Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere(YOPP-SH)meeting were held in June 2024 at the Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center,The Ohio State University,Columbus,Ohio.These hybrid events convened 79 participants from 15 nations to foster international collaboration on Antarctic meteorology,climate research,and forecasting.The WAMC featured presentations on automatic weather stations,numerical weather prediction,Antarctic sea ice dynamics,and extreme weather events.The YOPP-SH meeting emphasized the positive impacts of enhanced observations during the 2022 Winter Special Observing Period(SOP)on forecast accuracy and addressed the transition toward the Polar Coupled Analysis and Prediction for Services(PCAPS)initiative.The outcomes reflect significant advancements in polar meteorological research and underscore the importance of sustained collaborative efforts,including improved observational networks and advanced modeling systems,to address the unique challenges of Antarctic meteorology.Future workshops will continue to support and expand upon these critical themes.
