<strong>Introduction:</strong> Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is neglected in the planning of health services in Brazil. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of Diabetic Retinopathy in pat...<strong>Introduction:</strong> Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is neglected in the planning of health services in Brazil. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of Diabetic Retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) registered in the Unified Health System (SUS) of the semi-arid of Paraíba (PB-Brazil), using a score developed by the researchers to track this condition. <strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional study was carried out, in which DM2 patients registered at SUS in the city of S?o Mamede-PB was recruited. Ophthalmological and clinical data were collected, including: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist circumference/height ratio (WC/stature), smoking history, physical activity, time of diabetes and its control, blood pressure values and comorbidities. With these data, an original score for DR screening (DRSS) was performed. Qualitative variables were expressed by absolute and relative frequencies, and quantitative variables were expressed by means and standard deviations. p value ≤ 0.05 was used to reject the null hypothesis. <strong>Results:</strong> Ninety seven (64.7%) type 2 diabetic patients were recruited. Participants were predominantly women (64.9%), with a mean age of 65.8 years, of short stature (mean of 1.56 m), high BMI, with a predominance of the WC/stature ratio equal to or greater than 0.60, smokers and patients with systemic arterial hypertension (SAH). The main ophthalmological findings were: vascular changes compatible with Grade I/II Hypertensive Retinopathy (72.1%) and cataracts in about 50% of the eyes. The prevalence of DR was 12.4%. According to the DRSS results, it was found that most patients (85.6%) had a high risk score equal to or greater than 60 of developing DR. It was observed that the variables: WC, physical activity, time of diabetes and SAH showed a significant association with the risk of developing DR. In addition, BMI and WC/height ratio with higher values had a high risk of developing DR. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> There was association between medium and high DRSS risk diabetics with the probability of developing DR, recommending that all people with these characteristics should be referred to the specialist in order to screen for DR and other morbidities caused by diabetes.展开更多
Intraocular pressure (IOP) as measured by Goldmann Applana-tion Tonometry (GAT) is a major risk factor for glaucoma and is commonly used to both screen and classify patients with the disease and to set therapeutic tar...Intraocular pressure (IOP) as measured by Goldmann Applana-tion Tonometry (GAT) is a major risk factor for glaucoma and is commonly used to both screen and classify patients with the disease and to set therapeutic targets and evaluate response to treatment. The accuracy of GAT is known to be affected by Cen-展开更多
【正】Dear Editor,We thank Dr.Karabas and his colleagues for their interest in our article regarding Bilateral same-session intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors[1],and we are grateful fo...【正】Dear Editor,We thank Dr.Karabas and his colleagues for their interest in our article regarding Bilateral same-session intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors[1],and we are grateful for their thoughtful remarks.In展开更多
The eyelids protect the eyes and therefore vision.Diseases altering the eyelid structure or function threaten sight as well as cosmesis.An updated comprehensive understanding of eyelid anatomy,physiology,pathology,dia...The eyelids protect the eyes and therefore vision.Diseases altering the eyelid structure or function threaten sight as well as cosmesis.An updated comprehensive understanding of eyelid anatomy,physiology,pathology,diagnostics,and therapeutics is fundamental to a patient’s physical and psychological well-being.Eyelid diseases are involved in multiple pathological conditions.In this special series of Annals of Eye Science,the distinguished authors provide an update on the prognosis and treatment of eyelid diseases due to tumor,orbital fracture,congenital ptosis,and prosthetic eyes,among others,and introduce three-dimensional(3D)anthropometry to evaluate the periocular morphology pre-and postoperatively.展开更多
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is neglected in the planning of health services in Brazil. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of Diabetic Retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) registered in the Unified Health System (SUS) of the semi-arid of Paraíba (PB-Brazil), using a score developed by the researchers to track this condition. <strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional study was carried out, in which DM2 patients registered at SUS in the city of S?o Mamede-PB was recruited. Ophthalmological and clinical data were collected, including: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist circumference/height ratio (WC/stature), smoking history, physical activity, time of diabetes and its control, blood pressure values and comorbidities. With these data, an original score for DR screening (DRSS) was performed. Qualitative variables were expressed by absolute and relative frequencies, and quantitative variables were expressed by means and standard deviations. p value ≤ 0.05 was used to reject the null hypothesis. <strong>Results:</strong> Ninety seven (64.7%) type 2 diabetic patients were recruited. Participants were predominantly women (64.9%), with a mean age of 65.8 years, of short stature (mean of 1.56 m), high BMI, with a predominance of the WC/stature ratio equal to or greater than 0.60, smokers and patients with systemic arterial hypertension (SAH). The main ophthalmological findings were: vascular changes compatible with Grade I/II Hypertensive Retinopathy (72.1%) and cataracts in about 50% of the eyes. The prevalence of DR was 12.4%. According to the DRSS results, it was found that most patients (85.6%) had a high risk score equal to or greater than 60 of developing DR. It was observed that the variables: WC, physical activity, time of diabetes and SAH showed a significant association with the risk of developing DR. In addition, BMI and WC/height ratio with higher values had a high risk of developing DR. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> There was association between medium and high DRSS risk diabetics with the probability of developing DR, recommending that all people with these characteristics should be referred to the specialist in order to screen for DR and other morbidities caused by diabetes.
文摘Intraocular pressure (IOP) as measured by Goldmann Applana-tion Tonometry (GAT) is a major risk factor for glaucoma and is commonly used to both screen and classify patients with the disease and to set therapeutic targets and evaluate response to treatment. The accuracy of GAT is known to be affected by Cen-
文摘【正】Dear Editor,We thank Dr.Karabas and his colleagues for their interest in our article regarding Bilateral same-session intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors[1],and we are grateful for their thoughtful remarks.In
文摘The eyelids protect the eyes and therefore vision.Diseases altering the eyelid structure or function threaten sight as well as cosmesis.An updated comprehensive understanding of eyelid anatomy,physiology,pathology,diagnostics,and therapeutics is fundamental to a patient’s physical and psychological well-being.Eyelid diseases are involved in multiple pathological conditions.In this special series of Annals of Eye Science,the distinguished authors provide an update on the prognosis and treatment of eyelid diseases due to tumor,orbital fracture,congenital ptosis,and prosthetic eyes,among others,and introduce three-dimensional(3D)anthropometry to evaluate the periocular morphology pre-and postoperatively.
