The purpose of this paper is to explore the effectiveness of the Qinglan Project in promoting the professional growth of young secondary vocational teachers.Through the empirical analysis of the implementation process...The purpose of this paper is to explore the effectiveness of the Qinglan Project in promoting the professional growth of young secondary vocational teachers.Through the empirical analysis of the implementation process and effect,this paper finds that the Qinglan Project has a positive impact on the professional development of secondary vocational teachers,with a view to providing a guideline for the development of secondary vocational education.展开更多
According to several researches and survey findings, violence and the threat of violence are increasingly present at workplaces in the field of healthcare. In 2011, the Finnish Union of Health and Social Care Professi...According to several researches and survey findings, violence and the threat of violence are increasingly present at workplaces in the field of healthcare. In 2011, the Finnish Union of Health and Social Care Professionals--Tehy implemented a poster campaign targeted at the users of healthcare services, as well as healthcare staff. Representatives of local trade unions, as well as safety representatives, reported that the campaign was relevant. Most employers had a favorable attitude toward distributing campaign posters at the workplace. Raising this issue, which increases the mental burden of work and risks occupational safety at the workplace, helps to achieve improvements. Following the poster campaign, Tehy conducted an electronic survey in early 2012 about the impacts of the campaign among representatives of local trade unions （N= 279） and safety representatives （N = 278）. The campaign resulted in some working environment improvements, as well as an increase in reporting situations involving violence. On a more worrying note, the provision of workplace-level training on managing violent situations did not increase.展开更多
The development of materials with excellent microwave absorption(MWA)and electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding performances has currently received attention.Herein,mesophase pitch-based carbon foam(MPCF)with 3D i...The development of materials with excellent microwave absorption(MWA)and electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding performances has currently received attention.Herein,mesophase pitch-based carbon foam(MPCF)with 3D interconnected pore structure was prepared through the high pressure pyrolysis of mesophase coal tar pitch.It is found that the 3D interconnected cellular pores of MPCF facilitate multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves,which results in the minimum reflection loss(RLmin)value of MPCF reaches-37.84 dB with the effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 5.44 GHz at a thickness of 2.70 mm,and the total average electromagnetic shielding effectiveness(SE_(T))under 3.00 mm thickness achieves 26.52 dB in X-band.Subsequently,MPCF is activated by KOH to obtain activated carbon foam(A-MPCF).The average SE_(T)of A-MPCF achieves 103.00 dB for abundant nanopores on the pore cell walls,which leads to a transition from the multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves on the walls to diffuse reflection.Unfortunately,the reflection coefficient(R)of A-MPCF increases from 0.78 to 0.90.To reduce the R value,Fe_(3)O_(4)/A-MPCF was fabricated via the in situ growth of nano Fe_(3)O_(4)on A-MPCF.Consequently,the R value of Fe_(3)O_(4)/A-MPCF was reduced from 0.90 to 0.74,whereas the MWA performance was only slightly decreased.This work proposes a simple strategy for simultaneously adjusting MWA and EMI shielding performances of materials.展开更多
Cancer,ranging from early stages to metastatic spread,is one of the leading causes of death globally.Current treatment options,including chemotherapy,radiotherapy,and targeted drugs,have limitations substantial advers...Cancer,ranging from early stages to metastatic spread,is one of the leading causes of death globally.Current treatment options,including chemotherapy,radiotherapy,and targeted drugs,have limitations substantial adverse effects,the development of drug resistance,and high cost.To address these challenges,numerous studies have focused on repurposing existing drugs for anticancer therapy,with clotrimazole(CLZ)emerging as a promising candidate due to its notable anticancer activity.CLZ was first developed as an antifungal agent.Recently,significant anticancer effects have been observed making it a suitable candidate for drug repurposing.Compared with other azole-based antifungals,CLZ has shown distinct therapeutic effects on cancer cells via several pathways.Its ability to disrupt glycolysis by inhibiting phosphofructokinase(PFK)and hexokinase(HK)distinguishes it from other azoles.Furthermore,CLZ obstructs calcium homeostasis and critical survival pathways,such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)-p65,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K),and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways,inhibiting tumor growth,inducing apoptosis,and attenuating metastasis.This review summarizes the potential of CLZ repurposing for cancer therapy,emphasizing its well-established safety profile and cost-effectiveness while addressing unmet clinical needs in current cancer treatment.It briefly examines in vitro and in vivo assessments to understand the mechanisms and effects of CLZ on various cancer types.Furthermore,novel strategies such as nanoformulations and combination therapies with existing chemotherapeutic drugs have been highlighted to improve therapeutic outcomes.Preclinical studies have provided promising evidence for the efficacy of CLZ in different cancers,showing tumor regression and improved responses to conventional chemotherapy or targeted therapies.Given its evident preclinical results and diverse mechanisms of action,CLZ may be considered an antineoplastic agent.Further clinical research is required to fully elucidate its anticancer potential,potentially positing it as a valuable addition to currently available cancer treatments.展开更多
The next-generation RAN,known as Open Radio Access Network(ORAN),allows for several advantages,including cost-effectiveness,network flexibility,and interoperability.Now ORAN applications,utilising machine learning(ML)...The next-generation RAN,known as Open Radio Access Network(ORAN),allows for several advantages,including cost-effectiveness,network flexibility,and interoperability.Now ORAN applications,utilising machine learning(ML)and artificial intelligence(AI)techniques,have become standard practice.The need for Federated Learning(FL)for ML model training in ORAN environments is heightened by the modularised structure of the ORAN architecture and the shortcomings of conventional ML techniques.However,the traditional plaintext model update sharing of FL in multi-BS contexts is susceptible to privacy violations such as deep-leakage gradient assaults and inference.Therefore,this research presents a novel blockchain-assisted improved cryptographic privacy-preserving federated learning(BICPPFL)model,with the help of ORAN,to safely carry out federated learning and protect privacy.This model improves on the conventional masking technique for sharing model parameters by adding new characteristics.These features include the choice of distributed aggregators,validation for final model aggregation,and individual validation for BSs.To manage the security and privacy of FL processes,a combined homomorphic proxy-reencryption(HPReE)and lattice-cryptographic method(HPReEL)has been used.The upgraded delegated proof of stake(Up-DPoS)consensus protocol,which will provide quick validation of model exchanges and protect against malicious attacks,is employed for effective consensus across blockchain nodes.Without sacrificing performance metrics,the BICPPFL model strengthens privacy and adds security layers while facilitating the transfer of sensitive data across several BSs.The framework is deployed on top of a Hyperledger Fabric blockchain to evaluate its effectiveness.The experimental findings prove the reliability and privacy-preserving capability of the BICPPFL model.展开更多
Reliable and safe operation of batteries is increasingly challenged by diverse operating conditions and stringent demands for system resilience.Artificial intelligence(AI)has emerged as a transformative enabler of bat...Reliable and safe operation of batteries is increasingly challenged by diverse operating conditions and stringent demands for system resilience.Artificial intelligence(AI)has emerged as a transformative enabler of battery health management,offering capabilities beyond traditional models.This review provides a structured synthesis of recent progress in AI-enabled diagnostics.Advances in state estimationincluding state of health(SOH)and remaining useful life(RUL)-are first examined,with methodological breakthroughs identified across diverse task formulations.The evolution of AI architectures is then traced,from conventional neural networks to attention-based Transformers,physics-informed models,and federated learning,with particular attention to emerging paradigms such as foundation models,neuro-symbolic reasoning,and quantum machine learning that promise improved robustness and interpretability.To bridge laboratory innovation with deployment,a domain-adaptive four-stage data pipeline has emerged as a promising framework for real-world BMS signals-spanning operational segmentation,multi-scale denoising,degradation-aware feature engineering,and structured sample construction-designed to enhance generalization under heterogeneous and noisy conditions.Looking forward,a technological roadmap is outlined that integrates edge AI,digital twins,AIOps,quantum computing,wireless sensing,and self-repair systems.Collectively,these innovations transform batteries from passive energy reservoirs into intelligent cyber-physical agents endowed with perception,autonomous decision-making,and resilient fault response-paving the way toward truly battery-centric autonomous energy systems.展开更多
Bayan Obo rare earth mine is the largest light rare earth resource worldwide,primarily extracts rare earth elements(REEs)from mixed RE concentrates with bastnaesite and monazite.Nevertheless,the adoption of the concen...Bayan Obo rare earth mine is the largest light rare earth resource worldwide,primarily extracts rare earth elements(REEs)from mixed RE concentrates with bastnaesite and monazite.Nevertheless,the adoption of the concentrated sulfuric acid roasting metallurgical process has resulted in damage to the environment.Therefore,this paper adopted the method of selective mineral phase transformation(MPT)followed by enhanced micro-flotation.By determining the optimal MPT co nditions,the flotation recovery of bastnaesite-roasted products by the collector(phthalic acid,PA)is improved,and the enhanced separation of bastnaesite with monazite is realized.The results show that with the increase of roasting temperature and time,the bastnaesite decomposition product is CeOF and monazite does not change significantly.Subsequent micro-flotation exhibits a gradual decline in the PA consumption of bastnaesiteroasted products,while the flotation recovery of monazite-roasted products remains poor.The artificial mixed ore experiments result in a CeOF foam product with a content of 94.14%and a recovery of 85.80%,and a monazite tank product with a content of 73.53%and a recovery of 87.87%.Compared with the preroasting ore,the surface and interior of bastnaesite-roasted products develop numerous cracks and porosities,and no obvious structural damage is observed in monazite-roasted particles.As the roasting temperature increases,the mineral particles undergo recrystallization or closure,reducing the specific surface area of bastnaesite-roasted products and enhancing hydrophobicity,leading to diminished PA consumption.Fourier transform infrared and other flotation-relation tests show that PA is chemisorbed on the surface of CeOF.The MPT conditions are optimized in this study,which provides a reference for further advancing the efficient separation of bastnaesite and monazite.展开更多
Heavy metal contamination is a global issue caused by anthropogenic activities leading to severe negative effects on the environment and human health.To address this problem,bioremediation strategies utilizing plants ...Heavy metal contamination is a global issue caused by anthropogenic activities leading to severe negative effects on the environment and human health.To address this problem,bioremediation strategies utilizing plants such as Typha latifolia and their symbiotic fungi have been adopted to remediate contaminated areas and mitigate the harmful effects of these pollutants.In this study,the endophytic fungus Neosartorya fischeri was isolated from the roots of T.latifolia plants growing in heavy metal-contaminated sites.N.fischeri colonized the epidermis and root cortex and showed high tolerance to toxic concentrations of silver(Ag)(1 mg/kg),copper(Cu)(60 mg/kg)and cadmium(Cd)(8 mg/kg).N.fischeri removed 8.7%±0.5%Cd from the medium,biosorbed 15.24±0.2 mg/kg into its biomass,and enhanced the tolerance and bioaccumulation of Cd(184.18±1.14 mg/kg)in plant roots.Moreover,N.fischeri produces siderophores,volatile compounds and solubilizes phosphates,which improve plant fitness.This was evidenced by a 28%increase in photosynthetic pigments in T.latifolia plants colonized with N.fischeri.Additionally,N.fischeri inhibits the growth of important phytopathogens from the Fusarium genus.These findings highlight the important role of N.fischeri in enhancing the fitness and resilience of T.latifolia in hostile environments,demonstrating the potential of N.fischeri-T.latifolia association for the bioremediation of contaminated sites.展开更多
Additive manufacturing(AM),with its high flexibility,cost-effectiveness,and customization,significantly accelerates the advancement of nanogenerators,contributing to sustainable energy solutions and the Internet of Th...Additive manufacturing(AM),with its high flexibility,cost-effectiveness,and customization,significantly accelerates the advancement of nanogenerators,contributing to sustainable energy solutions and the Internet of Things.In this review,an in-depth analysis of AM for piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators is presented from the perspectives of fundamental mechanisms,recent advancements,and future prospects.It highlights AM-enabled advantages of versatility across materials,structural topology optimization,microstructure design,and integrated printing,which enhance critical performance indicators of nanogenerators,such as surface charge density and piezoelectric constant,thereby improving device performance compared to conventional fabrication.Common AM techniques for nanogenerators,including fused deposition modeling,direct ink writing,stereolithography,and digital light processing,are systematically examined in terms of their working principles,improved metrics(output voltage/current,power density),theoretical explanation,and application scopes.Hierarchical relationships connecting AM technologies with performance optimization and applications of nanogenerators are elucidated,providing a solid foundation for advancements in energy harvesting,self-powered sensors,wearable devices,and human-machine interaction.Furthermore,the challenges related to fabrication quality,cross-scale manufacturing,processing efficiency,and industrial deployment are critically discussed.Finally,the future prospects of AM for nanogenerators are explored,aiming to foster continuous progress and innovation in this field.展开更多
Graph neural networks(GNNs)have shown notable success in identifying security vulnerabilities within Ethereum smart contracts by capturing structural relationships encoded in control-and data-flow graphs.Despite their...Graph neural networks(GNNs)have shown notable success in identifying security vulnerabilities within Ethereum smart contracts by capturing structural relationships encoded in control-and data-flow graphs.Despite their effectiveness,most GNN-based vulnerability detectors operate as black boxes,making their decisions difficult to interpret and thus less suitable for critical security auditing.The information bottleneck(IB)principle provides a theoretical framework for isolating task-relevant graph components.However,existing IB-based implementations often encounter unstable optimization and limited understanding of code semantics.To address these issues,we introduce ContractGIB,an interpretable graph information bottleneck framework for function-level vulnerability analysis.ContractGIB introduces three main advances.First,ContractGIB introduces an Hilbert–Schmidt Independence Criterion(HSIC)based estimator that provides stable dependence measurement.Second,it incorporates a CodeBERT semantic module to improve node representations.Third,it initializes all nodes with pretrained CodeBERT embeddings,removing the need for hand-crafted features.For each contract function,ContractGIB identifies themost informative nodes forming an instance-specific explanatory subgraph that supports the model’s prediction.Comprehensive experiments on public smart contract datasets,including ESC andVSC,demonstrate thatContractGIB achieves superior performance compared to competitive GNN baselines,while offering clearer,instance-level interpretability.展开更多
Federated learning is a decentralized model training paradigm with significant potential.However,the quality of Federated Network’s client updates can vary due to non-IID data distributions,leading to suboptimal glob...Federated learning is a decentralized model training paradigm with significant potential.However,the quality of Federated Network’s client updates can vary due to non-IID data distributions,leading to suboptimal global models.To address this issue,we propose a novel client selection strategy called FedPA(Performance-Based Federated Averaging).This proposed model selectively aggregates client updates based on a predefined performance threshold.Only clients whose local models achieve an F1 score of 70%or higher after training are included in the aggregation process.Clients below this threshold receive the updated global model but do not contribute their parameters.In this way,the low-performance clients are still in the process of learning and,after some rounds,will be able to contribute.If no client meets the performance threshold in a given round,the system falls back to standard FedAvg aggregation.This ensures the global model continues to improve even when most clients perform poorly.We evaluate FedPA on a subset of the MURA dataset for abnormality detection in radiographs of four bone types.Compared to baseline federated learning algorithms such as Federated Averaging(FedAvg),Federated Proximal(FedProx),Federated Stochastic Gradient Descent(FedSGD),and Federated Batch Normalization(FedBN),FedPA consistently ranks first or second across key performance metrics,particularly in accuracy,F1 score,and recall.Moreover,FedPA demonstrates notable efficiency,achieving the lowest average round time(≈2270 s)and minimal memory usage(≈645.58 MB),all without relying on GPU resources.These results highlight FedPA’s effectiveness in improving global model quality while reducing computational overhead,positioning it as a promising approach for real-world federated learning applications in resource-constrained environments.展开更多
As a specific spoilage organism of seafood under refrigerated temperature conditions,Shewanella spp.tend to form biofilms that exacerbate the occurrence of seafood spoilage.Biofilm-promoting factor A(BpfA)has been rep...As a specific spoilage organism of seafood under refrigerated temperature conditions,Shewanella spp.tend to form biofilms that exacerbate the occurrence of seafood spoilage.Biofilm-promoting factor A(BpfA)has been reported to promote the adhesion and biofilm formation of Shewanella spp.,but its role in adhesion and biofilm formation of S.putrefaciens under cold stress needs to be further investigated.To better comprehend the effect of BpfA on adhesion and biofilm formation of S.putrefaciens under cold stress(4℃),bacterial adhesion and biofilm phenotype of S.putrefaciens CN32 WT andΔbpfA at 4℃were analyzed and performed transcriptomics.The results showed that the deletion of bpfA had almost no effect on the growth of S.putrefaciens CN32 at 4℃,but weakened the unicellular adhesion capacity of S.putrefaciens CN32 and destabilized the stability of the multicellular adhesion layer.In addition,the biomass of the mature biofilm formed byΔbpfA was merely around 50%of that observed in the mature biofilm of S.putrefaciens CN32 WT,the average thickness and volume of the biofilm decreased by 18%and 27%,respectively,and the composition of the biofilm changed.Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the deletion of bpfA led to differential expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways such as bacterial chemotaxis,two-component system,tyrosine metabolism,drug metabolism-other enzymes and biofilm formation-Vibrio cholerae,which in turn influenced bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation.Those results advance our acknowledgment of the character of BpfA on adhesion and biofilm formation of S.putrefaciens CN32,which contributes to understanding bacterial adhesion and the control of biofilm formation.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a global health challenge with increasing prevalence rates,particularly in low-and middle-income countries.Anthocyanins(ACs)are potential bioactive compounds found in various fruits and vegetab...Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a global health challenge with increasing prevalence rates,particularly in low-and middle-income countries.Anthocyanins(ACs)are potential bioactive compounds found in various fruits and vegetables,attracting the attention of researchers due to their possible role in managing diabetes and its complications.Studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of ACs on blood sugar levels,insulin sensitivity,and glucose tolerance.These effects may be associated with multiple mechanisms,including increased glucose transporter type 4(GLUT4)expression,enhanced glucose uptake,AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)and protein kinase C(PKC)phosphorylation,improved insulin sensitivity,activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT)signaling,increased glutathione(GSH)synthesis,production of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)secretion,induction of antioxidant enzymes,improved beta-cell functioning,and activation of insulin signaling pathways.The activity of enzymes(alpha amylase,glucosidase,and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV[DPP-IV])and the expression of inflammatory biomarkers(tumor necrosis factor[TNF],IL6,and MCP1)are reduced.These findings suggest the potential of ACs as adjunctive therapies.However,further studies,including well-structured clinical trials,are needed to explore the optimal dosage and long-term efficacy of ACs in diabetes management.展开更多
Male breast cancer(MBC)is rare,representing 0.5%–1%of all breast cancers,but its incidence is increasing due to improved diagnostics and awareness.MBC typically presents in older men,is human epidermal growth factor ...Male breast cancer(MBC)is rare,representing 0.5%–1%of all breast cancers,but its incidence is increasing due to improved diagnostics and awareness.MBC typically presents in older men,is human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-negative and estrogen receptor(ER)-positive,and lacks routine screening,leading to delayed diagnosis and advanced disease.Major risk factors include hormonal imbalance,radiation exposure,obesity,alcohol use,and Breast Cancer Gene 1 and 2(BRCA1/2)mutations.Clinically,it may resemble gynecomastia but usually appears as a unilateral,painless mass or nipple discharge.Advances in imaging and liquid biopsy have enhanced early detection.Molecular mechanisms involve hormonal signaling,HER2/epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)pathways,tumor suppressor gene alterations,and epigenetic changes.While standard treatments mirror those for female breast cancer,emerging options such as cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6(CDK4/6),and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase(PARP)inhibitors,immunotherapy,and precision medicine are reshaping management.Incorporating artificial intelligence,molecular profiling,and male-specific clinical trials is essential to improve outcomes and bridge current diagnostic and therapeutic gaps.展开更多
Laser-induced aerosols,predominantly submicron in size,pose significant environmental and health risks during the decommissioning of nuclear reactors.This study experimentally investigated the removal of laser-generat...Laser-induced aerosols,predominantly submicron in size,pose significant environmental and health risks during the decommissioning of nuclear reactors.This study experimentally investigated the removal of laser-generated aerosol particles using a water spray system integrated with an innovative system for pre-injecting electrically charged mist in our facility.To simulate aerosol generation in reactor decommissioning,a high-power laser was used to irradiate various materials(including stainless steel,carbon steel,and concrete),generating aerosol particles that were agglomerated with injected water mist and subsequently scavenged by water spray.Experimental results demonstrate enhanced aerosol removal via aerosol-mist agglomeration,with charged mist significantly improving particle capture by increasing wettability and size.The average improvements for the stainless steel,carbon steel,and concrete were 40%,44%,and 21%,respectively.The results of experiments using charged mist with different polarities(both positive and negative)and different surface coatings reveal that the dominant polarity of aerosols varies with the irradiated materials,influenced by their crystal structure and electron emission properties.Notably,surface coatings such as ZrO_(2)and CeO_(2)were found to possibly alter aerosol charging characteristics,thereby affecting aerosol removal efficiency with charged mist configurations.The innovative aerosol-mist agglomeration approach shows promise in mitigating radiation exposure,ensuring environmental safety,and reducing contaminated water during reactor dismantling.This study contributes critical knowledge for the development of advanced aerosol management strategies for nuclear reactor decommissioning.The understanding obtained in this work is also expected to be useful for various environmental and chemical engineering applications such as gas decontamination,air purification,and pollution control.展开更多
This study developed a novel heterogeneous Vis-Photo+Fenton-like system by integrating visible-light-responsive Co_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2) photocatalysis with peroxymonosulfate(PMS)activation for efficient atrazine(ATZ)degra...This study developed a novel heterogeneous Vis-Photo+Fenton-like system by integrating visible-light-responsive Co_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2) photocatalysis with peroxymonosulfate(PMS)activation for efficient atrazine(ATZ)degradation.The synergistic process achieved complete ATZ removal within 60 min under near-neutral pH(6.9),outperform-ing individual Fenton-like(39%)and photocatalytic(24%)processes.Key factors influencing the degradation efficiency included light sources(UV>visible),pH(optimal at 6.9),catalyst dosage(0.01 g Co_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2)),and PMS:ATZ molar ratio(1:2).The system exhibited a synergistic coefficient of 5.03(degradation)and 1.97(miner-alization),attributed to enhanced radical generation and accelerated Co^(3+)/Co^(2+)redox cycling through photoin-duced electron transfer.Intermediate analysis revealed dealkylation,dechlorination,and oxidation pathways,with reduced toxicity of by-products(e.g.,CEAT,CIAT)confirmed by ecotoxicity assessments.The mineralization efficiency(Vis-Photo+Fenton-like)reached 83.1%,significantly higher than that of standalone processes(Fenton-like:43.2%;photocatalysis:30.5%).The catalyst demonstrated excellent stability(nearly 90%recov-ery,<1μg/L Co leaching)and practical applicability.This study provides an efficient,sludge-free,and solar-compatible strategy for eliminating persistent herbicides in water treatment.展开更多
In the last twenty years, in the United States and other Western countries, dry needling （DN） became a hot and debatable topic, not only in academic but also in legal fields. This White Paper is to provide the autho...In the last twenty years, in the United States and other Western countries, dry needling （DN） became a hot and debatable topic, not only in academic but also in legal fields. This White Paper is to provide the authoritative information of DN versus acupuncture to academic scholars, healthcare professional administrators, lawmakers, and the general public through providing the authoritative evidence and experts＇ opinions regarding critical issues of DN versus acupuncture, and then reach consensus. DN is the use of dry needles alone, either solid filiform acupuncture needles or hollow-core hypodermic needles, to insert into the body for the treatment of muscle pain and related myofascial pain syndrome. DN is sometimes also known as intramuscular stimulation, trigger points （TrP） acupuncture, TrP DN, myofascial TrP DN, or biomedical acupuncture. InWestern countries, DN is a form of simplified acupuncture using biomedical language in treating myofascial pain, a contemporary development of a portion of Ashi point acupuncture from Chinese acupuncture. It seeks to redefine acupuncture by reframing its theoretical principles in a Western manner. DN-like needling with filiform needles have been widely used in Chinese acupuncture practice over the past 2,000 years, and with hypodermic needles has been used in China in acupuncture practice for at least 72 years. In Eastern countries, such as China, since late of 1800s or earlier, DN is a common name of acupuncture among acupuncturists and the general public, which has a broader scope of indications, not limited to treating the myofascial pain.展开更多
In the United States and other Western countries, dry needling has been a topic in academic and legal fields. This White Paper is to provide the authoritative information of dry needling versus acupuncture to academic...In the United States and other Western countries, dry needling has been a topic in academic and legal fields. This White Paper is to provide the authoritative information of dry needling versus acupuncture to academic scholars, healthcare professionals, administrators, policymakers, and the general public by providing the authoritative evidence and expertise regarding critical issues of dry needling and reaching a consensus. We conclude that Dr. Travell, Dr. Gunn, Dr. Baldry and others who have promoted dry needling by simply rebranding（1） acupuncture as dry needling and（2） acupuncture points as trigger points（dry needling points）. Dry needling simply using English biomedical terms（especially using ＂fascia＂ hypothesis） in replace of their equivalent Chinese medical terms. Dry needling is an over-simplified version of acupuncture derived from traditional Chinese acupuncture except for emphasis on biomedical language when treating neuromuscularskeletal pain（dry needling promoters redefined it as ＂myofascial pain＂）. Trigger points belong to the category of Ashi acupuncture points in traditional Chinese acupuncture, and they are not a new discovery. By applying acupuncture points, dry needling is actually trigger point acupuncture, an invasive therapy（a surgical procedure） instead of manual therapy. Dr. Travell admitted to the general public that dry needling is acupuncture, and acupuncture professionals practice dry needling as acupuncture therapy and there are several criteria in acupuncture profession to locate trigger points as acupuncture points. Among acupuncture schools, dry needling practitioners emphasize acupuncture＇s local responses while other acupuncturists pay attention to the responses of both local, distal, and whole body responses. For patients＇ safety, dry needling practitioners should meet standards required for licensed acupuncturists and physicians.展开更多
Summary of Dry Needling Issues Academic Perspective In regards to terminology,dry needling（DN） is a synonym to acupuncture,just a different English translation from the original Chinese term ＂针刺＂（Zhen Ci）.In C...Summary of Dry Needling Issues Academic Perspective In regards to terminology,dry needling（DN） is a synonym to acupuncture,just a different English translation from the original Chinese term ＂针刺＂（Zhen Ci）.In China,展开更多
文摘The purpose of this paper is to explore the effectiveness of the Qinglan Project in promoting the professional growth of young secondary vocational teachers.Through the empirical analysis of the implementation process and effect,this paper finds that the Qinglan Project has a positive impact on the professional development of secondary vocational teachers,with a view to providing a guideline for the development of secondary vocational education.
文摘According to several researches and survey findings, violence and the threat of violence are increasingly present at workplaces in the field of healthcare. In 2011, the Finnish Union of Health and Social Care Professionals--Tehy implemented a poster campaign targeted at the users of healthcare services, as well as healthcare staff. Representatives of local trade unions, as well as safety representatives, reported that the campaign was relevant. Most employers had a favorable attitude toward distributing campaign posters at the workplace. Raising this issue, which increases the mental burden of work and risks occupational safety at the workplace, helps to achieve improvements. Following the poster campaign, Tehy conducted an electronic survey in early 2012 about the impacts of the campaign among representatives of local trade unions （N= 279） and safety representatives （N = 278）. The campaign resulted in some working environment improvements, as well as an increase in reporting situations involving violence. On a more worrying note, the provision of workplace-level training on managing violent situations did not increase.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378181).
文摘The development of materials with excellent microwave absorption(MWA)and electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding performances has currently received attention.Herein,mesophase pitch-based carbon foam(MPCF)with 3D interconnected pore structure was prepared through the high pressure pyrolysis of mesophase coal tar pitch.It is found that the 3D interconnected cellular pores of MPCF facilitate multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves,which results in the minimum reflection loss(RLmin)value of MPCF reaches-37.84 dB with the effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 5.44 GHz at a thickness of 2.70 mm,and the total average electromagnetic shielding effectiveness(SE_(T))under 3.00 mm thickness achieves 26.52 dB in X-band.Subsequently,MPCF is activated by KOH to obtain activated carbon foam(A-MPCF).The average SE_(T)of A-MPCF achieves 103.00 dB for abundant nanopores on the pore cell walls,which leads to a transition from the multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves on the walls to diffuse reflection.Unfortunately,the reflection coefficient(R)of A-MPCF increases from 0.78 to 0.90.To reduce the R value,Fe_(3)O_(4)/A-MPCF was fabricated via the in situ growth of nano Fe_(3)O_(4)on A-MPCF.Consequently,the R value of Fe_(3)O_(4)/A-MPCF was reduced from 0.90 to 0.74,whereas the MWA performance was only slightly decreased.This work proposes a simple strategy for simultaneously adjusting MWA and EMI shielding performances of materials.
文摘Cancer,ranging from early stages to metastatic spread,is one of the leading causes of death globally.Current treatment options,including chemotherapy,radiotherapy,and targeted drugs,have limitations substantial adverse effects,the development of drug resistance,and high cost.To address these challenges,numerous studies have focused on repurposing existing drugs for anticancer therapy,with clotrimazole(CLZ)emerging as a promising candidate due to its notable anticancer activity.CLZ was first developed as an antifungal agent.Recently,significant anticancer effects have been observed making it a suitable candidate for drug repurposing.Compared with other azole-based antifungals,CLZ has shown distinct therapeutic effects on cancer cells via several pathways.Its ability to disrupt glycolysis by inhibiting phosphofructokinase(PFK)and hexokinase(HK)distinguishes it from other azoles.Furthermore,CLZ obstructs calcium homeostasis and critical survival pathways,such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)-p65,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K),and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways,inhibiting tumor growth,inducing apoptosis,and attenuating metastasis.This review summarizes the potential of CLZ repurposing for cancer therapy,emphasizing its well-established safety profile and cost-effectiveness while addressing unmet clinical needs in current cancer treatment.It briefly examines in vitro and in vivo assessments to understand the mechanisms and effects of CLZ on various cancer types.Furthermore,novel strategies such as nanoformulations and combination therapies with existing chemotherapeutic drugs have been highlighted to improve therapeutic outcomes.Preclinical studies have provided promising evidence for the efficacy of CLZ in different cancers,showing tumor regression and improved responses to conventional chemotherapy or targeted therapies.Given its evident preclinical results and diverse mechanisms of action,CLZ may be considered an antineoplastic agent.Further clinical research is required to fully elucidate its anticancer potential,potentially positing it as a valuable addition to currently available cancer treatments.
文摘The next-generation RAN,known as Open Radio Access Network(ORAN),allows for several advantages,including cost-effectiveness,network flexibility,and interoperability.Now ORAN applications,utilising machine learning(ML)and artificial intelligence(AI)techniques,have become standard practice.The need for Federated Learning(FL)for ML model training in ORAN environments is heightened by the modularised structure of the ORAN architecture and the shortcomings of conventional ML techniques.However,the traditional plaintext model update sharing of FL in multi-BS contexts is susceptible to privacy violations such as deep-leakage gradient assaults and inference.Therefore,this research presents a novel blockchain-assisted improved cryptographic privacy-preserving federated learning(BICPPFL)model,with the help of ORAN,to safely carry out federated learning and protect privacy.This model improves on the conventional masking technique for sharing model parameters by adding new characteristics.These features include the choice of distributed aggregators,validation for final model aggregation,and individual validation for BSs.To manage the security and privacy of FL processes,a combined homomorphic proxy-reencryption(HPReE)and lattice-cryptographic method(HPReEL)has been used.The upgraded delegated proof of stake(Up-DPoS)consensus protocol,which will provide quick validation of model exchanges and protect against malicious attacks,is employed for effective consensus across blockchain nodes.Without sacrificing performance metrics,the BICPPFL model strengthens privacy and adds security layers while facilitating the transfer of sensitive data across several BSs.The framework is deployed on top of a Hyperledger Fabric blockchain to evaluate its effectiveness.The experimental findings prove the reliability and privacy-preserving capability of the BICPPFL model.
基金funded by the Independent Innovation Projects of the Hubei Longzhong Laboratory(2022ZZ-24)。
文摘Reliable and safe operation of batteries is increasingly challenged by diverse operating conditions and stringent demands for system resilience.Artificial intelligence(AI)has emerged as a transformative enabler of battery health management,offering capabilities beyond traditional models.This review provides a structured synthesis of recent progress in AI-enabled diagnostics.Advances in state estimationincluding state of health(SOH)and remaining useful life(RUL)-are first examined,with methodological breakthroughs identified across diverse task formulations.The evolution of AI architectures is then traced,from conventional neural networks to attention-based Transformers,physics-informed models,and federated learning,with particular attention to emerging paradigms such as foundation models,neuro-symbolic reasoning,and quantum machine learning that promise improved robustness and interpretability.To bridge laboratory innovation with deployment,a domain-adaptive four-stage data pipeline has emerged as a promising framework for real-world BMS signals-spanning operational segmentation,multi-scale denoising,degradation-aware feature engineering,and structured sample construction-designed to enhance generalization under heterogeneous and noisy conditions.Looking forward,a technological roadmap is outlined that integrates edge AI,digital twins,AIOps,quantum computing,wireless sensing,and self-repair systems.Collectively,these innovations transform batteries from passive energy reservoirs into intelligent cyber-physical agents endowed with perception,autonomous decision-making,and resilient fault response-paving the way toward truly battery-centric autonomous energy systems.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2905800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52174242)the National Youth Talent Support Program(QNBJ-2023-03)。
文摘Bayan Obo rare earth mine is the largest light rare earth resource worldwide,primarily extracts rare earth elements(REEs)from mixed RE concentrates with bastnaesite and monazite.Nevertheless,the adoption of the concentrated sulfuric acid roasting metallurgical process has resulted in damage to the environment.Therefore,this paper adopted the method of selective mineral phase transformation(MPT)followed by enhanced micro-flotation.By determining the optimal MPT co nditions,the flotation recovery of bastnaesite-roasted products by the collector(phthalic acid,PA)is improved,and the enhanced separation of bastnaesite with monazite is realized.The results show that with the increase of roasting temperature and time,the bastnaesite decomposition product is CeOF and monazite does not change significantly.Subsequent micro-flotation exhibits a gradual decline in the PA consumption of bastnaesiteroasted products,while the flotation recovery of monazite-roasted products remains poor.The artificial mixed ore experiments result in a CeOF foam product with a content of 94.14%and a recovery of 85.80%,and a monazite tank product with a content of 73.53%and a recovery of 87.87%.Compared with the preroasting ore,the surface and interior of bastnaesite-roasted products develop numerous cracks and porosities,and no obvious structural damage is observed in monazite-roasted particles.As the roasting temperature increases,the mineral particles undergo recrystallization or closure,reducing the specific surface area of bastnaesite-roasted products and enhancing hydrophobicity,leading to diminished PA consumption.Fourier transform infrared and other flotation-relation tests show that PA is chemisorbed on the surface of CeOF.The MPT conditions are optimized in this study,which provides a reference for further advancing the efficient separation of bastnaesite and monazite.
文摘Heavy metal contamination is a global issue caused by anthropogenic activities leading to severe negative effects on the environment and human health.To address this problem,bioremediation strategies utilizing plants such as Typha latifolia and their symbiotic fungi have been adopted to remediate contaminated areas and mitigate the harmful effects of these pollutants.In this study,the endophytic fungus Neosartorya fischeri was isolated from the roots of T.latifolia plants growing in heavy metal-contaminated sites.N.fischeri colonized the epidermis and root cortex and showed high tolerance to toxic concentrations of silver(Ag)(1 mg/kg),copper(Cu)(60 mg/kg)and cadmium(Cd)(8 mg/kg).N.fischeri removed 8.7%±0.5%Cd from the medium,biosorbed 15.24±0.2 mg/kg into its biomass,and enhanced the tolerance and bioaccumulation of Cd(184.18±1.14 mg/kg)in plant roots.Moreover,N.fischeri produces siderophores,volatile compounds and solubilizes phosphates,which improve plant fitness.This was evidenced by a 28%increase in photosynthetic pigments in T.latifolia plants colonized with N.fischeri.Additionally,N.fischeri inhibits the growth of important phytopathogens from the Fusarium genus.These findings highlight the important role of N.fischeri in enhancing the fitness and resilience of T.latifolia in hostile environments,demonstrating the potential of N.fischeri-T.latifolia association for the bioremediation of contaminated sites.
基金support from the Research Committee of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University(Project codes:RMJK and 4-ZZSJ)supported by a grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(Project No.PolyU15212523).
文摘Additive manufacturing(AM),with its high flexibility,cost-effectiveness,and customization,significantly accelerates the advancement of nanogenerators,contributing to sustainable energy solutions and the Internet of Things.In this review,an in-depth analysis of AM for piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators is presented from the perspectives of fundamental mechanisms,recent advancements,and future prospects.It highlights AM-enabled advantages of versatility across materials,structural topology optimization,microstructure design,and integrated printing,which enhance critical performance indicators of nanogenerators,such as surface charge density and piezoelectric constant,thereby improving device performance compared to conventional fabrication.Common AM techniques for nanogenerators,including fused deposition modeling,direct ink writing,stereolithography,and digital light processing,are systematically examined in terms of their working principles,improved metrics(output voltage/current,power density),theoretical explanation,and application scopes.Hierarchical relationships connecting AM technologies with performance optimization and applications of nanogenerators are elucidated,providing a solid foundation for advancements in energy harvesting,self-powered sensors,wearable devices,and human-machine interaction.Furthermore,the challenges related to fabrication quality,cross-scale manufacturing,processing efficiency,and industrial deployment are critically discussed.Finally,the future prospects of AM for nanogenerators are explored,aiming to foster continuous progress and innovation in this field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52208424,52208416,52078091,and 52108399)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2021SHZDZX0102).
文摘Graph neural networks(GNNs)have shown notable success in identifying security vulnerabilities within Ethereum smart contracts by capturing structural relationships encoded in control-and data-flow graphs.Despite their effectiveness,most GNN-based vulnerability detectors operate as black boxes,making their decisions difficult to interpret and thus less suitable for critical security auditing.The information bottleneck(IB)principle provides a theoretical framework for isolating task-relevant graph components.However,existing IB-based implementations often encounter unstable optimization and limited understanding of code semantics.To address these issues,we introduce ContractGIB,an interpretable graph information bottleneck framework for function-level vulnerability analysis.ContractGIB introduces three main advances.First,ContractGIB introduces an Hilbert–Schmidt Independence Criterion(HSIC)based estimator that provides stable dependence measurement.Second,it incorporates a CodeBERT semantic module to improve node representations.Third,it initializes all nodes with pretrained CodeBERT embeddings,removing the need for hand-crafted features.For each contract function,ContractGIB identifies themost informative nodes forming an instance-specific explanatory subgraph that supports the model’s prediction.Comprehensive experiments on public smart contract datasets,including ESC andVSC,demonstrate thatContractGIB achieves superior performance compared to competitive GNN baselines,while offering clearer,instance-level interpretability.
文摘Federated learning is a decentralized model training paradigm with significant potential.However,the quality of Federated Network’s client updates can vary due to non-IID data distributions,leading to suboptimal global models.To address this issue,we propose a novel client selection strategy called FedPA(Performance-Based Federated Averaging).This proposed model selectively aggregates client updates based on a predefined performance threshold.Only clients whose local models achieve an F1 score of 70%or higher after training are included in the aggregation process.Clients below this threshold receive the updated global model but do not contribute their parameters.In this way,the low-performance clients are still in the process of learning and,after some rounds,will be able to contribute.If no client meets the performance threshold in a given round,the system falls back to standard FedAvg aggregation.This ensures the global model continues to improve even when most clients perform poorly.We evaluate FedPA on a subset of the MURA dataset for abnormality detection in radiographs of four bone types.Compared to baseline federated learning algorithms such as Federated Averaging(FedAvg),Federated Proximal(FedProx),Federated Stochastic Gradient Descent(FedSGD),and Federated Batch Normalization(FedBN),FedPA consistently ranks first or second across key performance metrics,particularly in accuracy,F1 score,and recall.Moreover,FedPA demonstrates notable efficiency,achieving the lowest average round time(≈2270 s)and minimal memory usage(≈645.58 MB),all without relying on GPU resources.These results highlight FedPA’s effectiveness in improving global model quality while reducing computational overhead,positioning it as a promising approach for real-world federated learning applications in resource-constrained environments.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472401).
文摘As a specific spoilage organism of seafood under refrigerated temperature conditions,Shewanella spp.tend to form biofilms that exacerbate the occurrence of seafood spoilage.Biofilm-promoting factor A(BpfA)has been reported to promote the adhesion and biofilm formation of Shewanella spp.,but its role in adhesion and biofilm formation of S.putrefaciens under cold stress needs to be further investigated.To better comprehend the effect of BpfA on adhesion and biofilm formation of S.putrefaciens under cold stress(4℃),bacterial adhesion and biofilm phenotype of S.putrefaciens CN32 WT andΔbpfA at 4℃were analyzed and performed transcriptomics.The results showed that the deletion of bpfA had almost no effect on the growth of S.putrefaciens CN32 at 4℃,but weakened the unicellular adhesion capacity of S.putrefaciens CN32 and destabilized the stability of the multicellular adhesion layer.In addition,the biomass of the mature biofilm formed byΔbpfA was merely around 50%of that observed in the mature biofilm of S.putrefaciens CN32 WT,the average thickness and volume of the biofilm decreased by 18%and 27%,respectively,and the composition of the biofilm changed.Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the deletion of bpfA led to differential expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways such as bacterial chemotaxis,two-component system,tyrosine metabolism,drug metabolism-other enzymes and biofilm formation-Vibrio cholerae,which in turn influenced bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation.Those results advance our acknowledgment of the character of BpfA on adhesion and biofilm formation of S.putrefaciens CN32,which contributes to understanding bacterial adhesion and the control of biofilm formation.
文摘Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a global health challenge with increasing prevalence rates,particularly in low-and middle-income countries.Anthocyanins(ACs)are potential bioactive compounds found in various fruits and vegetables,attracting the attention of researchers due to their possible role in managing diabetes and its complications.Studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of ACs on blood sugar levels,insulin sensitivity,and glucose tolerance.These effects may be associated with multiple mechanisms,including increased glucose transporter type 4(GLUT4)expression,enhanced glucose uptake,AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)and protein kinase C(PKC)phosphorylation,improved insulin sensitivity,activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT)signaling,increased glutathione(GSH)synthesis,production of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)secretion,induction of antioxidant enzymes,improved beta-cell functioning,and activation of insulin signaling pathways.The activity of enzymes(alpha amylase,glucosidase,and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV[DPP-IV])and the expression of inflammatory biomarkers(tumor necrosis factor[TNF],IL6,and MCP1)are reduced.These findings suggest the potential of ACs as adjunctive therapies.However,further studies,including well-structured clinical trials,are needed to explore the optimal dosage and long-term efficacy of ACs in diabetes management.
文摘Male breast cancer(MBC)is rare,representing 0.5%–1%of all breast cancers,but its incidence is increasing due to improved diagnostics and awareness.MBC typically presents in older men,is human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-negative and estrogen receptor(ER)-positive,and lacks routine screening,leading to delayed diagnosis and advanced disease.Major risk factors include hormonal imbalance,radiation exposure,obesity,alcohol use,and Breast Cancer Gene 1 and 2(BRCA1/2)mutations.Clinically,it may resemble gynecomastia but usually appears as a unilateral,painless mass or nipple discharge.Advances in imaging and liquid biopsy have enhanced early detection.Molecular mechanisms involve hormonal signaling,HER2/epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)pathways,tumor suppressor gene alterations,and epigenetic changes.While standard treatments mirror those for female breast cancer,emerging options such as cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6(CDK4/6),and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase(PARP)inhibitors,immunotherapy,and precision medicine are reshaping management.Incorporating artificial intelligence,molecular profiling,and male-specific clinical trials is essential to improve outcomes and bridge current diagnostic and therapeutic gaps.
基金financial support from the Nuclear Energy Science&Technology and Human Resource Development Project of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency/Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science(No.R04I034)The author Ruicong Xu appreciates the scholarship(financial support)from the China Scholarship Council(CSC,No.202106380073).
文摘Laser-induced aerosols,predominantly submicron in size,pose significant environmental and health risks during the decommissioning of nuclear reactors.This study experimentally investigated the removal of laser-generated aerosol particles using a water spray system integrated with an innovative system for pre-injecting electrically charged mist in our facility.To simulate aerosol generation in reactor decommissioning,a high-power laser was used to irradiate various materials(including stainless steel,carbon steel,and concrete),generating aerosol particles that were agglomerated with injected water mist and subsequently scavenged by water spray.Experimental results demonstrate enhanced aerosol removal via aerosol-mist agglomeration,with charged mist significantly improving particle capture by increasing wettability and size.The average improvements for the stainless steel,carbon steel,and concrete were 40%,44%,and 21%,respectively.The results of experiments using charged mist with different polarities(both positive and negative)and different surface coatings reveal that the dominant polarity of aerosols varies with the irradiated materials,influenced by their crystal structure and electron emission properties.Notably,surface coatings such as ZrO_(2)and CeO_(2)were found to possibly alter aerosol charging characteristics,thereby affecting aerosol removal efficiency with charged mist configurations.The innovative aerosol-mist agglomeration approach shows promise in mitigating radiation exposure,ensuring environmental safety,and reducing contaminated water during reactor dismantling.This study contributes critical knowledge for the development of advanced aerosol management strategies for nuclear reactor decommissioning.The understanding obtained in this work is also expected to be useful for various environmental and chemical engineering applications such as gas decontamination,air purification,and pollution control.
基金supported by the Financial Supports of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51508056,52370030 and 42007352)the Chongqing Postgraduate Joint Training Base Project(No.JDLHPYJD2022005)the special fund of Henan Key Labora-tory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology(No.CJSZ2024001).
文摘This study developed a novel heterogeneous Vis-Photo+Fenton-like system by integrating visible-light-responsive Co_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2) photocatalysis with peroxymonosulfate(PMS)activation for efficient atrazine(ATZ)degradation.The synergistic process achieved complete ATZ removal within 60 min under near-neutral pH(6.9),outperform-ing individual Fenton-like(39%)and photocatalytic(24%)processes.Key factors influencing the degradation efficiency included light sources(UV>visible),pH(optimal at 6.9),catalyst dosage(0.01 g Co_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2)),and PMS:ATZ molar ratio(1:2).The system exhibited a synergistic coefficient of 5.03(degradation)and 1.97(miner-alization),attributed to enhanced radical generation and accelerated Co^(3+)/Co^(2+)redox cycling through photoin-duced electron transfer.Intermediate analysis revealed dealkylation,dechlorination,and oxidation pathways,with reduced toxicity of by-products(e.g.,CEAT,CIAT)confirmed by ecotoxicity assessments.The mineralization efficiency(Vis-Photo+Fenton-like)reached 83.1%,significantly higher than that of standalone processes(Fenton-like:43.2%;photocatalysis:30.5%).The catalyst demonstrated excellent stability(nearly 90%recov-ery,<1μg/L Co leaching)and practical applicability.This study provides an efficient,sludge-free,and solar-compatible strategy for eliminating persistent herbicides in water treatment.
文摘In the last twenty years, in the United States and other Western countries, dry needling （DN） became a hot and debatable topic, not only in academic but also in legal fields. This White Paper is to provide the authoritative information of DN versus acupuncture to academic scholars, healthcare professional administrators, lawmakers, and the general public through providing the authoritative evidence and experts＇ opinions regarding critical issues of DN versus acupuncture, and then reach consensus. DN is the use of dry needles alone, either solid filiform acupuncture needles or hollow-core hypodermic needles, to insert into the body for the treatment of muscle pain and related myofascial pain syndrome. DN is sometimes also known as intramuscular stimulation, trigger points （TrP） acupuncture, TrP DN, myofascial TrP DN, or biomedical acupuncture. InWestern countries, DN is a form of simplified acupuncture using biomedical language in treating myofascial pain, a contemporary development of a portion of Ashi point acupuncture from Chinese acupuncture. It seeks to redefine acupuncture by reframing its theoretical principles in a Western manner. DN-like needling with filiform needles have been widely used in Chinese acupuncture practice over the past 2,000 years, and with hypodermic needles has been used in China in acupuncture practice for at least 72 years. In Eastern countries, such as China, since late of 1800s or earlier, DN is a common name of acupuncture among acupuncturists and the general public, which has a broader scope of indications, not limited to treating the myofascial pain.
文摘In the United States and other Western countries, dry needling has been a topic in academic and legal fields. This White Paper is to provide the authoritative information of dry needling versus acupuncture to academic scholars, healthcare professionals, administrators, policymakers, and the general public by providing the authoritative evidence and expertise regarding critical issues of dry needling and reaching a consensus. We conclude that Dr. Travell, Dr. Gunn, Dr. Baldry and others who have promoted dry needling by simply rebranding（1） acupuncture as dry needling and（2） acupuncture points as trigger points（dry needling points）. Dry needling simply using English biomedical terms（especially using ＂fascia＂ hypothesis） in replace of their equivalent Chinese medical terms. Dry needling is an over-simplified version of acupuncture derived from traditional Chinese acupuncture except for emphasis on biomedical language when treating neuromuscularskeletal pain（dry needling promoters redefined it as ＂myofascial pain＂）. Trigger points belong to the category of Ashi acupuncture points in traditional Chinese acupuncture, and they are not a new discovery. By applying acupuncture points, dry needling is actually trigger point acupuncture, an invasive therapy（a surgical procedure） instead of manual therapy. Dr. Travell admitted to the general public that dry needling is acupuncture, and acupuncture professionals practice dry needling as acupuncture therapy and there are several criteria in acupuncture profession to locate trigger points as acupuncture points. Among acupuncture schools, dry needling practitioners emphasize acupuncture＇s local responses while other acupuncturists pay attention to the responses of both local, distal, and whole body responses. For patients＇ safety, dry needling practitioners should meet standards required for licensed acupuncturists and physicians.
文摘Summary of Dry Needling Issues Academic Perspective In regards to terminology,dry needling（DN） is a synonym to acupuncture,just a different English translation from the original Chinese term ＂针刺＂（Zhen Ci）.In China,
