FeCl_(3) solution is commonly used in the etching process of stainless steel.The typical etching waste liquid contains a significant amount of Fe^(3+),Fe^(2+),Cr^(3+),and Ni^(2+),making it difficult to reuse and posin...FeCl_(3) solution is commonly used in the etching process of stainless steel.The typical etching waste liquid contains a significant amount of Fe^(3+),Fe^(2+),Cr^(3+),and Ni^(2+),making it difficult to reuse and posing pollution issues.The FeCl_(3) etching waste liquid was the present subject,which aimed to extract Cr^(3+)and Ni^(2+)by selectively adjusting process parameters.Additionally,it investigates the migration behavior and phase transition mechanisms of the iron,chromium,and nickel in different solution systems during treatment,systematically elucidating the regeneration mechanisms of FeCl_(3) etching waste liquid.The results indicate that Cr and Ni can be recycled by controlling parameters such as pH value,temperature,and the valence states of the ions.Following a selective reduction of Fe^(3+)to Fe^(2+)using Fe powder,98.3%of Cr^(3+)was recovered by adjusting the solution’s pH.Subsequently,93.3%of Ni^(2+)was extracted from the Cr-depleted solution through further adjustments to the process parameters.The recovered Cr and Ni can be used to prepare Fe–Cr and Fe–Ni alloy powders.Furthermore,the FeCl_(3) etching solution was regenerated by oxidizing Fe^(2+)and recovering impurities.The theoretical support for the development of new processes for treating FeCl_(3) etching waste liquid is provided.展开更多
In order to achieve ultra-low emissions of SO_(2)and NO_(x),the oxygen blast furnace with sintering flue gas injection is presented as a promising novel process.The CO_(2)emission was examined,and a cost analysis of t...In order to achieve ultra-low emissions of SO_(2)and NO_(x),the oxygen blast furnace with sintering flue gas injection is presented as a promising novel process.The CO_(2)emission was examined,and a cost analysis of the process was conducted.The results show that in the cases when the top gas is not circulated(Cases 1–3),and the volume of injected sintering flue gas per ton of hot metal is below about 1250 m^(3),the total CO_(2)emissions decrease first and then increase as the oxygen content of the blast increases.When the volume of injected sintering flue gas per ton of hot metal exceeds approximately 1250 m^(3),the total CO_(2)emissions gradually decrease.When the recirculating top gas and the vacuum pressure swing adsorption are considered,the benefits of recovered gas can make the ironmaking cost close to or even lower than that of the ordinary blast furnace.Furthermore,the implementation of this approach leads to a substantial reduction in total CO_(2)emissions,with reductions of 69.13%(Case 4),70.60%(Case 5),and 71.07%(Case 6),respectively.By integrating previous research and current findings,the reasonable oxygen blast furnace with sintering flue gas injection can not only realize desulfurization and denitrification,but also achieve the goal of reducing CO_(2)emissions and ironmaking cost.展开更多
Shape has an undeniable impact on particle behaviour,and the shapes of naturally occurring granular matter are typically irregular.Computational studies of irregularly shaped particles are challenging but necessary to...Shape has an undeniable impact on particle behaviour,and the shapes of naturally occurring granular matter are typically irregular.Computational studies of irregularly shaped particles are challenging but necessary to gain a better understanding of the flow of particulate matter.This study focuses on the behaviour of irregular sinter particles and applies the discrete element method to examine the effects of static and rolling friction coefficients and particle shape on the angle of repose and porosity of sinter piles.A three-dimensional model of an irregular sinter particle reconstructed by close-range photogrammetry served as the template for generating multi-sphere particles with varying numbers of sub-spheres(1,3,7,22,and 135)and sphericity ranging from 1 to 0.69.Simulations of particle piles were conducted for a range of values of the coefficients of static and rolling friction.The results indicate that the angle of repose increases with static friction and also increases with rolling friction coefficient when it is lower than the static coefficient.The angle of repose shows clear dependence on particle shape,particularly for lower rolling friction coefficients.The friction coefficients for particles of five different shapes were individually determined through bulk calibration,and irregularly shaped particles in DEM were found to require lower friction coefficients.Porosity was marginally affected by the static and rolling friction coefficients for spherical particles,while non-spherical particles showed porosity increasing with the rolling friction coefficient.The relationship between particle sphericity and porosity was nonlinear:as sphericity decreases from 1.00 to 0.69,the porosity first decreases to a minimum and then increases.The findings confirmed that both friction and particle shape have a significant influence on the structure of sinter piles,with implications for material handling and processing in industrial applications.展开更多
Steelmaking industry faces urgent demands for both steel slag utilization and CO_(2)abatement.Ca and Mg of steel slag can be extracted by acid solution and used to prepare sorbents for CO_(2)capture.In this work,the c...Steelmaking industry faces urgent demands for both steel slag utilization and CO_(2)abatement.Ca and Mg of steel slag can be extracted by acid solution and used to prepare sorbents for CO_(2)capture.In this work,the calcium-based sorbents were prepared from stainless steel slag leachate by co-precipitation,and the initial CO_(2)chemisorption capacity of the calcium-based sorbent prepared from steel slag with the Ca and Mg molar ratio of 3.64:1 was 0.40 g/g.Moreover,the effect of Ca/Mg molar ratio on the morphology,structure,and CO_(2)chemisorption capacity of the calcium-based sorbents were investigated.The results show that the optimal Ca/Mg molar ratio of sorbent for CO_(2)capture was4.2:1,and the skeleton support effect of MgO in calcium-based sorbents was determined.Meanwhile,the chemisorption kinetics of the sorbents was studied using the Avrami-Erofeev model.There were two processes of CO_(2)chemisorption,and the activation energy of the first stage(reaction control)was found to be lower than that of the second stage(diffusion control).展开更多
Large amounts of steel slag(SS)and CO_(2)are produced globally each year during steel production.An SS-based carbon capture and utilization(SS-CCU)process for CO_(2)mineralization is suitable specifically for steel-ma...Large amounts of steel slag(SS)and CO_(2)are produced globally each year during steel production.An SS-based carbon capture and utilization(SS-CCU)process for CO_(2)mineralization is suitable specifically for steel-making industries for simultaneous mitigation of CO_(2)emissions and valorization of wastes.However,the SS-CCU process is currently in the stage of laboratory research and far away from industrial application.In this review,some SS-CCU processes,including direct and indirect carbonation processes,were explored and summarized.Herein,the key factors and mechanisms of the SS-based CO_(2)sequestration process were identified.The carbonation process efficacy and its environmental impact(including global warming,energy use,water use,and metallic pollutants)were evaluated.Furthermore,the challenges and prospects of the further development of the SS-CCU process were discussed.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52074078 and 52374327)the Applied Fundamental Research Program of Liaoning Province(No.2023JH2/101600002)+5 种基金the Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2022-YQ-09)the Shenyang Young Middle-Aged Scientific and Technological Innovation Talent Support Program,China(No.RC220491)the Liaoning Province Steel Industry-University-Research Innovation Alliance Cooperation Project of Bensteel Group,China(No.KJBLM202202)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Nos.N2201023 and N2325009)the Key Scientific Research Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education(2024JYTZD-03)the 111 Project(B16009).
文摘FeCl_(3) solution is commonly used in the etching process of stainless steel.The typical etching waste liquid contains a significant amount of Fe^(3+),Fe^(2+),Cr^(3+),and Ni^(2+),making it difficult to reuse and posing pollution issues.The FeCl_(3) etching waste liquid was the present subject,which aimed to extract Cr^(3+)and Ni^(2+)by selectively adjusting process parameters.Additionally,it investigates the migration behavior and phase transition mechanisms of the iron,chromium,and nickel in different solution systems during treatment,systematically elucidating the regeneration mechanisms of FeCl_(3) etching waste liquid.The results indicate that Cr and Ni can be recycled by controlling parameters such as pH value,temperature,and the valence states of the ions.Following a selective reduction of Fe^(3+)to Fe^(2+)using Fe powder,98.3%of Cr^(3+)was recovered by adjusting the solution’s pH.Subsequently,93.3%of Ni^(2+)was extracted from the Cr-depleted solution through further adjustments to the process parameters.The recovered Cr and Ni can be used to prepare Fe–Cr and Fe–Ni alloy powders.Furthermore,the FeCl_(3) etching solution was regenerated by oxidizing Fe^(2+)and recovering impurities.The theoretical support for the development of new processes for treating FeCl_(3) etching waste liquid is provided.
基金the financial supports from Hubei Provincial Key Technologies Research and Development Program(2022BCA058)China Scholarship Council(201908420169)the European Project“Towards Fossil-free Steel”.
文摘In order to achieve ultra-low emissions of SO_(2)and NO_(x),the oxygen blast furnace with sintering flue gas injection is presented as a promising novel process.The CO_(2)emission was examined,and a cost analysis of the process was conducted.The results show that in the cases when the top gas is not circulated(Cases 1–3),and the volume of injected sintering flue gas per ton of hot metal is below about 1250 m^(3),the total CO_(2)emissions decrease first and then increase as the oxygen content of the blast increases.When the volume of injected sintering flue gas per ton of hot metal exceeds approximately 1250 m^(3),the total CO_(2)emissions gradually decrease.When the recirculating top gas and the vacuum pressure swing adsorption are considered,the benefits of recovered gas can make the ironmaking cost close to or even lower than that of the ordinary blast furnace.Furthermore,the implementation of this approach leads to a substantial reduction in total CO_(2)emissions,with reductions of 69.13%(Case 4),70.60%(Case 5),and 71.07%(Case 6),respectively.By integrating previous research and current findings,the reasonable oxygen blast furnace with sintering flue gas injection can not only realize desulfurization and denitrification,but also achieve the goal of reducing CO_(2)emissions and ironmaking cost.
基金funded by China Scholarship Council(grant No.202106890009).
文摘Shape has an undeniable impact on particle behaviour,and the shapes of naturally occurring granular matter are typically irregular.Computational studies of irregularly shaped particles are challenging but necessary to gain a better understanding of the flow of particulate matter.This study focuses on the behaviour of irregular sinter particles and applies the discrete element method to examine the effects of static and rolling friction coefficients and particle shape on the angle of repose and porosity of sinter piles.A three-dimensional model of an irregular sinter particle reconstructed by close-range photogrammetry served as the template for generating multi-sphere particles with varying numbers of sub-spheres(1,3,7,22,and 135)and sphericity ranging from 1 to 0.69.Simulations of particle piles were conducted for a range of values of the coefficients of static and rolling friction.The results indicate that the angle of repose increases with static friction and also increases with rolling friction coefficient when it is lower than the static coefficient.The angle of repose shows clear dependence on particle shape,particularly for lower rolling friction coefficients.The friction coefficients for particles of five different shapes were individually determined through bulk calibration,and irregularly shaped particles in DEM were found to require lower friction coefficients.Porosity was marginally affected by the static and rolling friction coefficients for spherical particles,while non-spherical particles showed porosity increasing with the rolling friction coefficient.The relationship between particle sphericity and porosity was nonlinear:as sphericity decreases from 1.00 to 0.69,the porosity first decreases to a minimum and then increases.The findings confirmed that both friction and particle shape have a significant influence on the structure of sinter piles,with implications for material handling and processing in industrial applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52074078)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFC2901200)+4 种基金the Applied Fundamental Research Program of Liaoning Province(No.2023JH2/101600002)the Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2022-YQ-09)the Shenyang Young Middle-Aged Scientific and Technological Innovation Talent Support Program,China(No.RC220491)the Liaoning Province Steel Industry-University-Research Innovation Alliance Cooperation Project of Bensteel Group,China(No.KJBLM202202)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Nos.N2201023,N2325009)。
文摘Steelmaking industry faces urgent demands for both steel slag utilization and CO_(2)abatement.Ca and Mg of steel slag can be extracted by acid solution and used to prepare sorbents for CO_(2)capture.In this work,the calcium-based sorbents were prepared from stainless steel slag leachate by co-precipitation,and the initial CO_(2)chemisorption capacity of the calcium-based sorbent prepared from steel slag with the Ca and Mg molar ratio of 3.64:1 was 0.40 g/g.Moreover,the effect of Ca/Mg molar ratio on the morphology,structure,and CO_(2)chemisorption capacity of the calcium-based sorbents were investigated.The results show that the optimal Ca/Mg molar ratio of sorbent for CO_(2)capture was4.2:1,and the skeleton support effect of MgO in calcium-based sorbents was determined.Meanwhile,the chemisorption kinetics of the sorbents was studied using the Avrami-Erofeev model.There were two processes of CO_(2)chemisorption,and the activation energy of the first stage(reaction control)was found to be lower than that of the second stage(diffusion control).
基金supports by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52074078)National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC2901200)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N2125034,N2201023,and N2025035).
文摘Large amounts of steel slag(SS)and CO_(2)are produced globally each year during steel production.An SS-based carbon capture and utilization(SS-CCU)process for CO_(2)mineralization is suitable specifically for steel-making industries for simultaneous mitigation of CO_(2)emissions and valorization of wastes.However,the SS-CCU process is currently in the stage of laboratory research and far away from industrial application.In this review,some SS-CCU processes,including direct and indirect carbonation processes,were explored and summarized.Herein,the key factors and mechanisms of the SS-based CO_(2)sequestration process were identified.The carbonation process efficacy and its environmental impact(including global warming,energy use,water use,and metallic pollutants)were evaluated.Furthermore,the challenges and prospects of the further development of the SS-CCU process were discussed.
