In the present investigation, an attempt is made to examine the interdependencies among the operating parameters and their interactional effect on the separation performance of a water-only cyclone for treating ferrug...In the present investigation, an attempt is made to examine the interdependencies among the operating parameters and their interactional effect on the separation performance of a water-only cyclone for treating ferruginous chromite fines. Statistically designed experiments are carried out, and empirical models are developed for the critical response parameters, i,e., yield(%) to underflow, grade(%Cr_2O_3 and%SiO_2)and Cr:Fe ratio of the underflow stream. Further, using these empirical models, operating regime of the process parameters is optimized to obtain the peak performance of water-only cyclone. Also, efforts are made to validate the prediction models with the experimental results.展开更多
A novel radar-based system for longwall coal mine machine localisation is described. The system, based on a radar-ranging sensor and designed to localise mining equipment with respect to the mine tunnel gate road infr...A novel radar-based system for longwall coal mine machine localisation is described. The system, based on a radar-ranging sensor and designed to localise mining equipment with respect to the mine tunnel gate road infrastructure, is developed and trialled in an underground coal mine. The challenges of reliable sensing in the mine environment are considered, and the use of a radar sensor for localisation is justified. The difficulties of achieving reliable positioning using only the radar sensor are examined. Several probabilistic data processing techniques are explored in order to estimate two key localisation parameters from a single radar signal, namely along-track position and across-track position, with respect to the gate road structures. For the case of across-track position, a conventional Kalman filter approach is sufficient to achieve a reliable estimate. However for along-track position estimation, specific infrastructure elements on the gate road rib-wall must be identified by a tracking algorithm. Due to complexities associated with this data processing problem, a novel visual analytics approach was explored in a 3D interactive display to facilitate identification of significant features for use in a classifier algorithm. Based on the classifier output, identified elements are used as location waypoints to provide a robust and accurate mining equipment localisation estimate.展开更多
Microalgae are considered a promising feedstock for the production of food ingredients, cosmetics, pharmaceutical products and biofuels.The energy intensity of drying and cell breaking of algae and solvent recovery af...Microalgae are considered a promising feedstock for the production of food ingredients, cosmetics, pharmaceutical products and biofuels.The energy intensity of drying and cell breaking of algae and solvent recovery afterwards hindered the route of algae biorefinery. In this work the influences of freeze drying and cell breaking to the extraction efficiency of crude lipid yield and fatty acid yield were investigated. Results showed that drying and cell breaking are not necessary for N-ethyl butylamine extraction, because good yields were obtained without. Crude lipid yield and fatty acid yield using N-ethyl butylamine were comparable with Bligh & Dyer extraction, making N-ethyl butylamine a candidate for further development of an energy efficient lipid extraction technology for non-broken microalgae.展开更多
Biochar has high potential for long-term atmospheric carbon storage in terrestrial environments,contributing to meeting the UK and global greenhouse gas emission reduction targets.This study investigates the greenhous...Biochar has high potential for long-term atmospheric carbon storage in terrestrial environments,contributing to meeting the UK and global greenhouse gas emission reduction targets.This study investigates the greenhouse gas emissions and techno-economics associated with biochar produced from food waste anaerobic digestate using hydrothermal carbonisation followed by high-temperature post carbonisation.Owing to high moisture contents,digestates are challenging to valorise.However,these low-value feedstocks have steady availability with minimal competition for other applications.The study focuses on food waste digestate supply,biochar production,biochar agricultural field application,and transportation activities.Minimising digestate transport through co-locating biochar production facilities with anaerobic digestion displayed greenhouse gas mitigation costs of<￡100 tCO_(2)eq^(−1)(125 USD tCO_(2)eq^(−1)).The 88%stable carbon fraction of the biochar,which is resistant to degradation in soil,is primarily responsible for the effective removal of atmospheric greenhouse gases.This results in net emissions reductions of 1.15-1.20 tCO_(2)eq per tonne of biochar,predominantly due to the long-term storage of durable carbon(1.7 tCO_(2)eq per tonne of biochar).Using 50%of the UK’s projected available food waste digestate by 2030 offers a sequester potential of 93 ktCO_(2)eq p.a.,requiring 28 biochar facilities at 20 kt p.a.capacity.Sensitivity analysis emphasises the influence of the gate fee charged to process digestate,highlighting its importance for economic success of the biochar production.Further studies are needed to investigate the potential technology enhancements to reduce fossil-fuel use and provide greater certainty of the co-benefits of biochar application in agricultural soil.展开更多
文摘In the present investigation, an attempt is made to examine the interdependencies among the operating parameters and their interactional effect on the separation performance of a water-only cyclone for treating ferruginous chromite fines. Statistically designed experiments are carried out, and empirical models are developed for the critical response parameters, i,e., yield(%) to underflow, grade(%Cr_2O_3 and%SiO_2)and Cr:Fe ratio of the underflow stream. Further, using these empirical models, operating regime of the process parameters is optimized to obtain the peak performance of water-only cyclone. Also, efforts are made to validate the prediction models with the experimental results.
文摘A novel radar-based system for longwall coal mine machine localisation is described. The system, based on a radar-ranging sensor and designed to localise mining equipment with respect to the mine tunnel gate road infrastructure, is developed and trialled in an underground coal mine. The challenges of reliable sensing in the mine environment are considered, and the use of a radar sensor for localisation is justified. The difficulties of achieving reliable positioning using only the radar sensor are examined. Several probabilistic data processing techniques are explored in order to estimate two key localisation parameters from a single radar signal, namely along-track position and across-track position, with respect to the gate road structures. For the case of across-track position, a conventional Kalman filter approach is sufficient to achieve a reliable estimate. However for along-track position estimation, specific infrastructure elements on the gate road rib-wall must be identified by a tracking algorithm. Due to complexities associated with this data processing problem, a novel visual analytics approach was explored in a 3D interactive display to facilitate identification of significant features for use in a classifier algorithm. Based on the classifier output, identified elements are used as location waypoints to provide a robust and accurate mining equipment localisation estimate.
基金performed within the AlgaePARC Biorefinery program with financial support from the Netherlands'Ministry of Economic Affairs in the framework of the TKI BioBased Economy under contract nr.TKIBE01009
文摘Microalgae are considered a promising feedstock for the production of food ingredients, cosmetics, pharmaceutical products and biofuels.The energy intensity of drying and cell breaking of algae and solvent recovery afterwards hindered the route of algae biorefinery. In this work the influences of freeze drying and cell breaking to the extraction efficiency of crude lipid yield and fatty acid yield were investigated. Results showed that drying and cell breaking are not necessary for N-ethyl butylamine extraction, because good yields were obtained without. Crude lipid yield and fatty acid yield using N-ethyl butylamine were comparable with Bligh & Dyer extraction, making N-ethyl butylamine a candidate for further development of an energy efficient lipid extraction technology for non-broken microalgae.
基金supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council[grant number BB/V011596/1]Department of Business,Energy and Industrial Strategy through the Direct Air Capture and Greenhouse Gas Removal Programme Phase 1 for the grant"Bio-waste to Biochar(B to B)via Hydrothermal Carbonisation and Post-Carbonisation”(https://www.gov.uk/gover nment/publi catio ns/direct-air-captu re-and-other-green house-gas-remov al-techn ologi es-compe tition/proje cts-selec ted-for-phase-1-of-the-direct-air-captu re-and-green house-gas-remov al-progr amme).
文摘Biochar has high potential for long-term atmospheric carbon storage in terrestrial environments,contributing to meeting the UK and global greenhouse gas emission reduction targets.This study investigates the greenhouse gas emissions and techno-economics associated with biochar produced from food waste anaerobic digestate using hydrothermal carbonisation followed by high-temperature post carbonisation.Owing to high moisture contents,digestates are challenging to valorise.However,these low-value feedstocks have steady availability with minimal competition for other applications.The study focuses on food waste digestate supply,biochar production,biochar agricultural field application,and transportation activities.Minimising digestate transport through co-locating biochar production facilities with anaerobic digestion displayed greenhouse gas mitigation costs of<￡100 tCO_(2)eq^(−1)(125 USD tCO_(2)eq^(−1)).The 88%stable carbon fraction of the biochar,which is resistant to degradation in soil,is primarily responsible for the effective removal of atmospheric greenhouse gases.This results in net emissions reductions of 1.15-1.20 tCO_(2)eq per tonne of biochar,predominantly due to the long-term storage of durable carbon(1.7 tCO_(2)eq per tonne of biochar).Using 50%of the UK’s projected available food waste digestate by 2030 offers a sequester potential of 93 ktCO_(2)eq p.a.,requiring 28 biochar facilities at 20 kt p.a.capacity.Sensitivity analysis emphasises the influence of the gate fee charged to process digestate,highlighting its importance for economic success of the biochar production.Further studies are needed to investigate the potential technology enhancements to reduce fossil-fuel use and provide greater certainty of the co-benefits of biochar application in agricultural soil.
