The use of consecutive feeding was applied to investigate the response of the microbial biomass to a second addition of substrates in terms of biodegradation using batch tests as a promising alternative to predict the...The use of consecutive feeding was applied to investigate the response of the microbial biomass to a second addition of substrates in terms of biodegradation using batch tests as a promising alternative to predict the behavior of the process. Anaerobic digestion（AD） of the slaughterhouse waste（SB） and its co-digestion with manure（M）, various crops（VC）, and municipal solid waste were evaluated. The results were then correlated to previous findings obtained by the authors for similar mixtures in batch and semi-continuous operation modes. AD of the SB failed showing total inhibition after a second feeding. Co-digestion of the SB ＋ M showed a significant improvement for all of the response variables investigated after the second feeding, while co-digestion of the SB ＋ VC resulted in a decline in all of these response variables. Similar patterns were previously detected, during both the batch and the semi-continuous modes.展开更多
Glycerol-assisted instant catapult steam explosion(ICSE)of lignocellulose is an effective pretreatment method for enhancing sugar production compared to glycerol-free ICSE.In this study,glycerol-assisted ICSE of corn ...Glycerol-assisted instant catapult steam explosion(ICSE)of lignocellulose is an effective pretreatment method for enhancing sugar production compared to glycerol-free ICSE.In this study,glycerol-assisted ICSE of corn stover was studied in order to understand the reaction mechanisms and further optimize the process.Results showed that water extraction of corn stover prior to ICSE reduced pseudo-lignin formation.The combination of water extraction and glycerol-assisted ICSE led to the formation of lignin with a lower molecular weight(Mw)of 2851 g/mol than 3521 g/mole of that from the combination of water extraction and glycerol-free ICSE.1H-13C NMR analysis revealed that glycerol likely reacted with lignin carboxylic OHs through esterification while etherification of aliphatic OHs was not observed in ICSE.These lignin analyses indicated that glycerol protected lignin from condensation/repolymerization during glycerol-assisted ICSE.Enzymatic hydrolysis results showed that without water extraction increasing glycerol usage from 0.2 kg/kg stover to 0.4 kg/kg stover improved glucan digestibility to 78%but further increase to 0.5 kg/kg stover reduced glucan digestibility.In addition,at the glycerol usage of 0.2-0.4 kg/kg stover,washing of pretreated stover for removal of glycerol and other biomass-derived compounds did not improve glucan digestibility compared to unwashed ones.Combination of water extraction and glycerol-assisted ICSE led to a high glucan digestibility of 89.7%and a total glucose yield of 25.5 g glucose/100 g stover,which were 30.1%and 7.5 g/100 g stover higher than those derived from glycerol-free ICSE of stover,respectively.Since glycerol is a low-cost carbon source,the resulting enzymatic hydrolysate that contained both glucose and glycerol may be directly used to produce bioproducts by microbial fermentation.展开更多
In this study,a high impact resistant multi-layered composite consisting of continuous carbon fibre/nylon(CCF)and short carbon fibre/nylon(SCF)layers is developed via 3D printing technology.The effect of CCF/SCF layer...In this study,a high impact resistant multi-layered composite consisting of continuous carbon fibre/nylon(CCF)and short carbon fibre/nylon(SCF)layers is developed via 3D printing technology.The effect of CCF/SCF layers configuration on the impact resistance is investigated by low-velocity impact test,and the impact failure mechanism of the 3D printed composites is explored by microscopic observations and finite element(FE)simulation analysis.The results show that the 3D printed multi-layered composite with SCF layers distributed in the middle(HFA)exhibits higher impact resistant performance than the specimens with alternating SCF/CCF layers(HFB)and CCF layers distributed in the middle(HFC).The effect of CCF/SCF layers proportion on the impact performance is also studied by FE simulation,and the results show that the specimen with a CCF/SCF proportion of 7.0 exhibits the highest impact strength.展开更多
As a support material, zeolite can be used to promote the granulation process due to its high settable property and the ability to retain biomass on its surface. The present paper reports on the influence of zeolite a...As a support material, zeolite can be used to promote the granulation process due to its high settable property and the ability to retain biomass on its surface. The present paper reports on the influence of zeolite addition on the hydrodynamic behavior of an expanded granular sludge bed reactor（EGSB）. Different models were applied to fit the flow pattern and to compare EGSB hydrodynamic performance with and without the addition of zeolite. The experimental data fit the tanks in a series model for zeolite bed height of 5 cm and upflow velocity of 6 m/hr.Higher axial dispersion degree（D/uL） was obtained at lower heights of zeolite. The real hydraulic retention time（HRTr） was increased with both increased zeolite bed height and increased upflow velocity. The short-circuit results for 5 cm of zeolite bed and 6, 8 and 10 m/hr upflow velocity were 0.3, 0.24 and 0.19 respectively, demonstrating the feasibility of using zeolite for a proper hydrodynamic environment to operate the EGSB reactor. The presence of zeolite resulted in the higher percentage values of dead zones, ranging from 12% to 24%.Zeolite addition exerted a positive effect on the hydrodynamics pattern for this technology being advantageous for the anaerobic process because of its possible contribution to better biofilm agglomeration, granule formation and substrate-microorganism contact.展开更多
Lignin serves as a promising Ultraviolet(UV)absorber within sunscreen industry.However,the commercial development of lignin-containing sunscreens faces challenges due to their low sun protection factor(SPF)and dark co...Lignin serves as a promising Ultraviolet(UV)absorber within sunscreen industry.However,the commercial development of lignin-containing sunscreens faces challenges due to their low sun protection factor(SPF)and dark color in cosmetics industry.In this study,dual modifications on the chemical and physical structures of lignin were conducted to address these challenges.Initially,methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol(MBBT)was grafted onto alkali lignin(AL)through an atom transfer radical polymerization reaction,resulting in a polymer of AL-graft-MBBT_(3)(AL-g-MBBT_(3)).The sunscreen prepared with 10%AL-g-MBBT_(3) displays outstand-ing sun protection performance with a SPF of 42.93 and a light color with a color difference value(ΔE)of 45.6,in contrast to 10%AL with a SPF of 4.74 and aΔE value of 49.5.Subsequently,AL-g-MBBT_(3) was transformed into normal submicron spheres(AL-g-MBBT_(3) N)and TiO_(2)-loading submicron spheres(AL-g-MBBT_(3)/TiO_(2)).The sun protection performances of 10%AL-g-MBBT_(3) N@C and AL-g-MBBT_(3)/TiO_(2)@C sunscreens obviously surpass that of AL-g-MBBT_(3)@C sunscreen,achieving SPFs of 60.38 and 66.20,respectively.Additionally,there is a considerable improve-ment in the color of these sunscreens,withΔE values of 41.8 and 36.3,respectively.These results provide valuable insights into exploring lignin’s high-value applications in sunscreen.展开更多
In this study,an innovative and sustainable nanocarrier system that was made of rice husk-derived lignin and biosilica was developed for smart delivery of prochloraz(Pro),a widely used fungicide.Mesoporous silica nano...In this study,an innovative and sustainable nanocarrier system that was made of rice husk-derived lignin and biosilica was developed for smart delivery of prochloraz(Pro),a widely used fungicide.Mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNPs)were first synthesized from rice husk ash using hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB)as the structural agent through an acid precipitation method.The resulting MSNPs were further functionalized with amino groups(MSNPs-NH_(2))to enhance the loading of Pro onto the nanocarrier,likely due to a combination of hydrogen bonds,π-π interactions,and electrostatic interactions(Pro@MSNPs-NH_(2)).Lignin,recovered after an acid-catalyzed organosolv pretreatment of rice husk,was coated to Pro@MSNPs-NH_(2)(Pro@MSNPs-NH_(2)-lignin).The rice husk-derived nanocarrier system was evaluated in terms of its capacity to distribute,adhere to,and translocate within model plants(cotton,soybean,and tomato)as well as its efficacy against Fusarium oxysporum.The results revealed that lignin coating imparted hydrophobicity to hydrophilic MSNPs-NH_(2),enhancing their foliar distribution and adherence as well as washout resistance onto hydrophobic plant leaves.Moreover,translocation of Pro was improved because of the nano-scale size of MSNPs,overcoming the challenges in poor absorption by plant leaves.Bioactivity trial results showed that the Pro@MSNPs-NH_(2)-lignin delivery system exhibited effective fungicidal performance,which led to 80.5%of fungal growth inhibition at 0.125 mg Pro/mL on Day 4,comparable to 75.0%of growth inhibition with the use of pure prochloraz at the same loading.Overall,this study demonstrated the significant potential of rice husk-derived sustainable nanocarriers for efficient delivery of agrochemicals,supporting the development of sustainable and resilient agriculture.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Research and Education Board of the University of Boras,Sweden
文摘The use of consecutive feeding was applied to investigate the response of the microbial biomass to a second addition of substrates in terms of biodegradation using batch tests as a promising alternative to predict the behavior of the process. Anaerobic digestion（AD） of the slaughterhouse waste（SB） and its co-digestion with manure（M）, various crops（VC）, and municipal solid waste were evaluated. The results were then correlated to previous findings obtained by the authors for similar mixtures in batch and semi-continuous operation modes. AD of the SB failed showing total inhibition after a second feeding. Co-digestion of the SB ＋ M showed a significant improvement for all of the response variables investigated after the second feeding, while co-digestion of the SB ＋ VC resulted in a decline in all of these response variables. Similar patterns were previously detected, during both the batch and the semi-continuous modes.
基金supported by the Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project(222102520015)the Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talents of Central Plains,Henan province,China(204200510018).
文摘Glycerol-assisted instant catapult steam explosion(ICSE)of lignocellulose is an effective pretreatment method for enhancing sugar production compared to glycerol-free ICSE.In this study,glycerol-assisted ICSE of corn stover was studied in order to understand the reaction mechanisms and further optimize the process.Results showed that water extraction of corn stover prior to ICSE reduced pseudo-lignin formation.The combination of water extraction and glycerol-assisted ICSE led to the formation of lignin with a lower molecular weight(Mw)of 2851 g/mol than 3521 g/mole of that from the combination of water extraction and glycerol-free ICSE.1H-13C NMR analysis revealed that glycerol likely reacted with lignin carboxylic OHs through esterification while etherification of aliphatic OHs was not observed in ICSE.These lignin analyses indicated that glycerol protected lignin from condensation/repolymerization during glycerol-assisted ICSE.Enzymatic hydrolysis results showed that without water extraction increasing glycerol usage from 0.2 kg/kg stover to 0.4 kg/kg stover improved glucan digestibility to 78%but further increase to 0.5 kg/kg stover reduced glucan digestibility.In addition,at the glycerol usage of 0.2-0.4 kg/kg stover,washing of pretreated stover for removal of glycerol and other biomass-derived compounds did not improve glucan digestibility compared to unwashed ones.Combination of water extraction and glycerol-assisted ICSE led to a high glucan digestibility of 89.7%and a total glucose yield of 25.5 g glucose/100 g stover,which were 30.1%and 7.5 g/100 g stover higher than those derived from glycerol-free ICSE of stover,respectively.Since glycerol is a low-cost carbon source,the resulting enzymatic hydrolysate that contained both glucose and glycerol may be directly used to produce bioproducts by microbial fermentation.
基金This work was supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.11625210)the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51873153)+1 种基金the Shanghai Pujiang Program(Grant No.19PJ1410000)the Shanghai International Science and Technology Cooperation Fund Project(Grant No.19520713000).
文摘In this study,a high impact resistant multi-layered composite consisting of continuous carbon fibre/nylon(CCF)and short carbon fibre/nylon(SCF)layers is developed via 3D printing technology.The effect of CCF/SCF layers configuration on the impact resistance is investigated by low-velocity impact test,and the impact failure mechanism of the 3D printed composites is explored by microscopic observations and finite element(FE)simulation analysis.The results show that the 3D printed multi-layered composite with SCF layers distributed in the middle(HFA)exhibits higher impact resistant performance than the specimens with alternating SCF/CCF layers(HFB)and CCF layers distributed in the middle(HFC).The effect of CCF/SCF layers proportion on the impact performance is also studied by FE simulation,and the results show that the specimen with a CCF/SCF proportion of 7.0 exhibits the highest impact strength.
基金CAPES for financial support with the project 117/11
文摘As a support material, zeolite can be used to promote the granulation process due to its high settable property and the ability to retain biomass on its surface. The present paper reports on the influence of zeolite addition on the hydrodynamic behavior of an expanded granular sludge bed reactor（EGSB）. Different models were applied to fit the flow pattern and to compare EGSB hydrodynamic performance with and without the addition of zeolite. The experimental data fit the tanks in a series model for zeolite bed height of 5 cm and upflow velocity of 6 m/hr.Higher axial dispersion degree（D/uL） was obtained at lower heights of zeolite. The real hydraulic retention time（HRTr） was increased with both increased zeolite bed height and increased upflow velocity. The short-circuit results for 5 cm of zeolite bed and 6, 8 and 10 m/hr upflow velocity were 0.3, 0.24 and 0.19 respectively, demonstrating the feasibility of using zeolite for a proper hydrodynamic environment to operate the EGSB reactor. The presence of zeolite resulted in the higher percentage values of dead zones, ranging from 12% to 24%.Zeolite addition exerted a positive effect on the hydrodynamics pattern for this technology being advantageous for the anaerobic process because of its possible contribution to better biofilm agglomeration, granule formation and substrate-microorganism contact.
基金support for this work by Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province,China(No.2021GXNSFDA196006)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22268007+1 种基金No.21766002)Guangxi Innovation Driven Development Special Fund Project,China(No.AA17204092).
文摘Lignin serves as a promising Ultraviolet(UV)absorber within sunscreen industry.However,the commercial development of lignin-containing sunscreens faces challenges due to their low sun protection factor(SPF)and dark color in cosmetics industry.In this study,dual modifications on the chemical and physical structures of lignin were conducted to address these challenges.Initially,methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol(MBBT)was grafted onto alkali lignin(AL)through an atom transfer radical polymerization reaction,resulting in a polymer of AL-graft-MBBT_(3)(AL-g-MBBT_(3)).The sunscreen prepared with 10%AL-g-MBBT_(3) displays outstand-ing sun protection performance with a SPF of 42.93 and a light color with a color difference value(ΔE)of 45.6,in contrast to 10%AL with a SPF of 4.74 and aΔE value of 49.5.Subsequently,AL-g-MBBT_(3) was transformed into normal submicron spheres(AL-g-MBBT_(3) N)and TiO_(2)-loading submicron spheres(AL-g-MBBT_(3)/TiO_(2)).The sun protection performances of 10%AL-g-MBBT_(3) N@C and AL-g-MBBT_(3)/TiO_(2)@C sunscreens obviously surpass that of AL-g-MBBT_(3)@C sunscreen,achieving SPFs of 60.38 and 66.20,respectively.Additionally,there is a considerable improve-ment in the color of these sunscreens,withΔE values of 41.8 and 36.3,respectively.These results provide valuable insights into exploring lignin’s high-value applications in sunscreen.
基金support for A.A.B.C.from the Queensland University of Technology(QUT)the operational cost support from the Australian Research Council Linkage Project(No.LP200200965)the technical support from the QUT Central Analytical Research Facility.
文摘In this study,an innovative and sustainable nanocarrier system that was made of rice husk-derived lignin and biosilica was developed for smart delivery of prochloraz(Pro),a widely used fungicide.Mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNPs)were first synthesized from rice husk ash using hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB)as the structural agent through an acid precipitation method.The resulting MSNPs were further functionalized with amino groups(MSNPs-NH_(2))to enhance the loading of Pro onto the nanocarrier,likely due to a combination of hydrogen bonds,π-π interactions,and electrostatic interactions(Pro@MSNPs-NH_(2)).Lignin,recovered after an acid-catalyzed organosolv pretreatment of rice husk,was coated to Pro@MSNPs-NH_(2)(Pro@MSNPs-NH_(2)-lignin).The rice husk-derived nanocarrier system was evaluated in terms of its capacity to distribute,adhere to,and translocate within model plants(cotton,soybean,and tomato)as well as its efficacy against Fusarium oxysporum.The results revealed that lignin coating imparted hydrophobicity to hydrophilic MSNPs-NH_(2),enhancing their foliar distribution and adherence as well as washout resistance onto hydrophobic plant leaves.Moreover,translocation of Pro was improved because of the nano-scale size of MSNPs,overcoming the challenges in poor absorption by plant leaves.Bioactivity trial results showed that the Pro@MSNPs-NH_(2)-lignin delivery system exhibited effective fungicidal performance,which led to 80.5%of fungal growth inhibition at 0.125 mg Pro/mL on Day 4,comparable to 75.0%of growth inhibition with the use of pure prochloraz at the same loading.Overall,this study demonstrated the significant potential of rice husk-derived sustainable nanocarriers for efficient delivery of agrochemicals,supporting the development of sustainable and resilient agriculture.
