Driven by increasing global population and by growing demand for individual wealth, the consumption of energy and raw materials as well as the steadily growing CO2 concentration in atmosphere pose great challenges to ...Driven by increasing global population and by growing demand for individual wealth, the consumption of energy and raw materials as well as the steadily growing CO2 concentration in atmosphere pose great challenges to process engineering. This complex multi-scale discipline deals with the transformation of mass by energy to manifold products in different industrial fields under economical and ecological sus- tainable conditions. In growing circular economy, process engineering increasingly plays an important role in recovering valuable components from very diffuse material flows leaving the user stocks following widely variable time periods of use. As well it is engaged in thermal recovery of energy therefrom and in environmentally safe disposal of residual solid wastes whose recovery economically is not feasible. An efficient recovery of materials and energy following the laws of entropy is a must. A complex network of mass, energy, transportation and information flows has to be regarded with growing traded quantities of used goods even on global level. Important constraints in time, however, exist for a necessary realization of innovative new processes and communal mobility and industrial infrastructure on medium and large scale. Based on reasonable long term and highly reliable statistics from industrial organizations repre- senting steel and paper industry, some limits and trends of possible developments in processing of those industries with long recycling experience will be discussed.展开更多
The evolution of human civilization is becoming increasingly synchronized with the development of science and technology. Every step toward advancement achieved by humans showcases our creativity and ability to realiz...The evolution of human civilization is becoming increasingly synchronized with the development of science and technology. Every step toward advancement achieved by humans showcases our creativity and ability to realize ideas in practice. However, due to human activities aimed at goal fulfillment, Mother Earth has undeniably undergone many irreversible changes, which in turn have negatively impacted the environment [1].展开更多
Data-driven process monitoring is an effective approach to assure safe operation of modern manufacturing and energy systems,such as thermal power plants being studied in this work.Industrial processes are inherently d...Data-driven process monitoring is an effective approach to assure safe operation of modern manufacturing and energy systems,such as thermal power plants being studied in this work.Industrial processes are inherently dynamic and need to be monitored using dynamic algorithms.Mainstream dynamic algorithms rely on concatenating current measurement with past data.This work proposes a new,alternative dynamic process monitoring algorithm,using dot product feature analysis(DPFA).DPFA computes the dot product of consecutive samples,thus naturally capturing the process dynamics through temporal correlation.At the same time,DPFA's online computational complexity is lower than not just existing dynamic algorithms,but also classical static algorithms(e.g.,principal component analysis and slow feature analysis).The detectability of the new algorithm is analyzed for three types of faults typically seen in process systems:sensor bias,process fault and gain change fault.Through experiments with a numerical example and real data from a thermal power plant,the DPFA algorithm is shown to be superior to the state-of-the-art methods,in terms of better monitoring performance(fault detection rate and false alarm rate)and lower computational complexity.展开更多
The purity of electronic-grade chemicals significantly impacts electronic components.Although crystallization has been used to purify cerium ammonium nitrate(CAN),the impurity removal mechanism underlying different cr...The purity of electronic-grade chemicals significantly impacts electronic components.Although crystallization has been used to purify cerium ammonium nitrate(CAN),the impurity removal mechanism underlying different crystallization parameters remains unclear.Traditional analytical methods of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)have problems in detecting trace Fe accurately,because of the high concentration of Ce and interference of polyatomic ions.Therefore,this study developed a new method integrating the standard addition and internal standard methods and explored the role of the kinetic energy discrimination mode.This new approach effectively overcomes Ce-related matrix interference and fills the gap in ultra-trace impurity detection.Furthermore,the study investigated the effects of cooling rate,seed mass loading and seed size on the removal of Fe impurity.The seed mass loading affects the average crystal size through regulating secondary nucleation and crystal growth.The removal of Fe in CAN is determined by surface adsorption and agglomeration.Under the condition of the cooling rate of 0.2 K·min^(-1),and addition of 0.5%(mass)600-680 μm seeds,the Fe content is the lowest,at only 0.24 mg·L^(-1),and the Fe removal rate reaches 92.28%.展开更多
A sensor,serving as a transducer,produces a quantifiable output in response to a predetermined input stimulus,which may be of a chemical or physical nature.The field of gas detection has experienced a substantial surg...A sensor,serving as a transducer,produces a quantifiable output in response to a predetermined input stimulus,which may be of a chemical or physical nature.The field of gas detection has experienced a substantial surge in research activity,attributable to the diverse functionalities and enhanced accessibility of advanced active materials.In this work,recent advances in gas sensors,specifically those utilizing Field Effect Transistors(FETs),are summarized,including device configurations,response characteristics,sensor materials,and application domains.In pursuing high-performance artificial olfactory systems,the evolution of FET gas sensors necessitates their synchronization with material advancements.These materials should have large surface areas to enhance gas adsorption,efficient conversion of gas input to detectable signals,and strong mechanical qualities.The exploration of gas-sensitive materials has covered diverse categories,such as organic semiconductor polymers,conductive organic compounds and polymers,metal oxides,metal-organic frameworks,and low-dimensional materials.The application of gas sensing technology holds significant promise in domains such as industrial safety,environmental monitoring,and medical diagnostics.This comprehensive review thoroughly examines recent progress,identifies prevailing technical challenges,and outlines prospects for gas detection technology utilizing field effect transistors.The primary aim is to provide a valuable reference for driving the development of the next generation of gas-sensitive monitoring and detection systems characterized by improved sensitivity,selectivity,and intelligence.展开更多
The synthesis of propylene carbonate(PC)from CO_(2) and propylene oxide(PO)is a typical gas-liquid biphasic system,where gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency significantly influences CO_(2) cycloaddition reactions.Here...The synthesis of propylene carbonate(PC)from CO_(2) and propylene oxide(PO)is a typical gas-liquid biphasic system,where gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency significantly influences CO_(2) cycloaddition reactions.Here,we proposed a microchannel reaction system for the CO_(2) cycloaddition reaction catalyzed by ionic liquid within an aqueous environment.The effect of liquid flow rate,temperature and residence time on gas-liquid flow pattern,catalytic performance and mass transfer were systematically investigated.The results revealed that the PC generation rate reached 560.11 mmol·ml^(−1)·h^(−1)at a 50 cm of flow distance under reaction conditions of 105℃,2.5 MPa,QG=176 ml·min^(−1) and QL=0.3 ml·min^(−1).Variations in mass transfer rate and reaction rate at different flow distances were experimentally studied.The reaction efficiency gradually decreased with increasing flow distance,which were attributed to the reduction of mass transfer caused by decreasing bubble velocity.Optimizing bubble velocity at an appropriate position enhanced reaction efficiency by improving mass transfer,achieving a 97.7%PC yield within 2.85 min.Furthermore,a kinetic model coupling intrinsic kinetics with gas-liquid mass transfer was developed for CO_(2) cycloaddition reaction.The kinetic model was applied to predict PC reaction rates in microchannel reactors at various temperatures and liquid flow rates,achieving an average relative error of 9.6%.展开更多
The carbonylation of amines offers a promising route for synthesizing N-substituted carbamates with high atom economy.However,conventional catalysts exhibit limited catalytic efficiency,and the underlying proton trans...The carbonylation of amines offers a promising route for synthesizing N-substituted carbamates with high atom economy.However,conventional catalysts exhibit limited catalytic efficiency,and the underlying proton transfer mechanism remains elusive.Herein,we reported a metal-free,room-temperature strategy utilizing 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene(TBD)as a dual hydrogen bond catalyst to synergistically activate propylamine(PA)and dimethyl carbonate(DMC).This green catalytic system achieves a 10-fold acceleration in reaction rate compared to other hydrogen bonding catalysts under mild conditions.This is enabled by dual hydrogen bonding of TBD with PA and DMC,which facilitates rapid proton transfer and stabilizes tetrahedral intermediates.Theoretical calculations confirm that the dual hydrogen bond system significantly lowers activation energy compared to single hydrogen bond analogs.Furthermore,it was revealed that the hydrogen bonding network within the product is the primary factor responsible for the sluggish reaction rate.This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a dual hydrogen bond system in accelerating the carbonylation of amines and provides a green route to access carbamates.展开更多
This article presents a new synergistic extraction system composed of Cyanex 272(C272,bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid)and iso-octanol for Sc_(3+) separation.The proposed synergistic system possessed an Sc^(3...This article presents a new synergistic extraction system composed of Cyanex 272(C272,bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid)and iso-octanol for Sc_(3+) separation.The proposed synergistic system possessed an Sc^(3+) extraction efficiency of 93.5%and a back-extraction efficiency of 82.7%,with selectivity coefficients of β_(Sc/Fe)=459 and β_(Sc/Al)=4241,which are considerably higher as compared to the current extraction systems.The extraction mechanism was studied and interpreted.The enhanced extraction efficiency is attributed to the increased hydrophobicity of the ternary complex,whereas the back-extraction efficiency can be ascribed to the attenuated stability of the complex.C272 and C272–iso-octanol systems also possess considerable surface activity,which is beneficial for the phase separation in solvent extraction.Based on the solvent extraction results,a preliminary study was conducted on polymer inclusion membranes(PIMs)using the binary system for Sc^(3+) separation to avoid the formation of the third phase,achieving an optimal initial flux of PIM of 6.71×10^(−4)mol·m^(−2)·h^(−1).Our results provide valuable information on highly efficient Sc^(3+) separation,and the study on PIM extraction has shown a green alternative to solvent extraction.展开更多
Membra ne electrode assemblies(MEAs)are pivotal to advancing proton exchange membra ne water electrolysis(PEMWE),yet conventional designs suffer from limited triple-phase boundaries(TPBs),inefficient mass/charge trans...Membra ne electrode assemblies(MEAs)are pivotal to advancing proton exchange membra ne water electrolysis(PEMWE),yet conventional designs suffer from limited triple-phase boundaries(TPBs),inefficient mass/charge transport,and insufficient durability.This study introduces a three-dimensional ordered pattern-array(3D OPA)architecture fabricated via a scalable laser-machined mask and hot-pressing strategy.The 3D OPA MEA achieves a current density of 3.73 A cm^(-2) at 2 V,demonstrating a 50%performance improvement over the conventional MEA(2.48 A cm^(-2)),alongside a degradation rate of 26.6μV h^(-1) in a highly dynamic accelerated stress test(AST).Additionally,numerical simulations corroborate that the OPA architecture optimizes localized oxygen diffusion and liquid water replenishment,enhancing reaction kinetics.The 3D OPA architecture enhances TPBs and establishes optimized gas-liquid tra nsport pathways,significantly improving catalyst utilization while minimizing mass transfer overpotential and bubble-induced losses.Furthermore,its interlocking design reinforces mechanical interactions,reducing ohmic resistance a nd ensuring sustained mecha nical integrity and electrochemical durability.This work provides a simple,cost-effective,and scalable approach for patterned MEAs,addressing critical barriers to PEMWE commercialization through rational TPB engineering and transport pathway optimization.展开更多
A novel faujasite(FAU) type zeolitized ceramsite(FZC) was prepared via a novel three dimensional(3D) in-pore growth method.FZC is a centimeter sized spherical particle with a 3-dimensional radial morphology inside,wit...A novel faujasite(FAU) type zeolitized ceramsite(FZC) was prepared via a novel three dimensional(3D) in-pore growth method.FZC is a centimeter sized spherical particle with a 3-dimensional radial morphology inside,with a specific surface area and pore volume 6 and 30 times that of the original ceramsite,respectively.The unique structure was constructed through electrostatic and polymerization interactions between hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB) micelles,ceramic pore walls and silicate aluminate ions,which could simultaneously improve adsorption capacity and mass transfer,endowing FZC with excellent heavy metal adsorption properties.FZC-50 could remove the majority of Cu and Zn from solution within shorter periods(73.3 % and 80.0 %of original ceramsite,respectively) with larger adsorption capacities(340 % and 370 % of original ceramsite,respectively).Theoretical analysis and regeneration experiments both indicate that the adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) and Zn(Ⅱ) on FZC-50 is dominated by ion exchange.And the spent sorbent can be effectively regenerated by NaCl,and the cycle number is expected to be 33 and 26 times for Cu(Ⅱ) and Zn(Ⅱ) adsorption,respectively.This work proposed a novel synthesis route to construct a 3D multi-stage porous zeolite inside ceramsite,and opened up new ideas for the further development of zeolitized ceramsite.展开更多
The electrochemical oxidation of biomass-derived platform molecule 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)represents a crucial pathway for green transformation into high-value chemicals,yet its reaction pathway selectivity,effic...The electrochemical oxidation of biomass-derived platform molecule 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)represents a crucial pathway for green transformation into high-value chemicals,yet its reaction pathway selectivity,efficiency,and catalyst stability are strongly dependent on the electrolyte pH environment.Under alkaline conditions,high OH−concentration facilitates preferential aldehyde group oxidation and efficient deprotonation,enabling highly efficient synthesis of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid,but simultaneously induces HMF self-degradation and complicates product separation.As pH decreases,the reaction mechanism shifts toward enhanced hydroxymethyl oxidation,leading to intermediate accumulation(such as 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid,2,5-diformylfuran,and 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid)with challenging selectivity control and significantly slowed reaction kinetics.This review comprehensively examines the systematic differences in HMF oxidation pathways and surface catalytic mechanisms across the full pH range from alkaline to acidic conditions.Addressing the distinct reaction characteristics and core challenges in alkaline,near-neutral,and acidic media,we systematically evaluate design strategies for high-efficiency electrocatalysts and explore reactor design aspects.Future research should focus on process integration(with tailored reactor design)for energy consumption reduction in alkaline systems,targeted synthesis of diverse oxidation products in near-neutral systems,and innovative catalyst development for acidic systems,thereby advancing the efficiency,selectivity,and practical application of HMF electrooxidation technologies across the entire pH spectrum through synergistic optimization of catalyst,reactor,and process.展开更多
Dimethylphenols serve as important intermediates in synthesizing pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals,yet traditional distillation struggles to separate their isomers due to minimal boiling point differences,and the deve...Dimethylphenols serve as important intermediates in synthesizing pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals,yet traditional distillation struggles to separate their isomers due to minimal boiling point differences,and the development of melt crystallization is hampered by lacking solid–liquid equilibrium (SLE) data for some isomers.Therefore,the SLE data of both binary and ternary mixtures of 2,3-dimethylphenol (2,3-DMP),3,5-dimethylphenol (3,5-DMP),and 3,4-dimethylphenol (3,4-DMP) were determined by using differential scanning calorimetry in this work.Additionally,crystallographic analysis was conducted to investigate the thermodynamic characteristics of these mixtures.The experimental results indicated that all the systems investigated in this research exhibited eutectic behavior.The experimentally obtained SLE data were well correlated with the Wilson and non-random two-liquid models.The excess thermodynamic functions were calculated to analyze the types and intensities of the molecular interactions occurring in the mixtures.Furthermore,this study developed a model for the correlation between the theoretical crystallization yield and the actual cooling yield and final yield in melt crystallization.This study has furnished reliable data essential for developing and optimizing the melt crystallization process of mixtures of 2,3-DMP,3,5-DMP,and 3,4-DMP.展开更多
Single-atom catalysts for alkyne semi-hydrogenation have been extensively investigated due to their high metal utilization and improved olefin selectivity.However,their reactivity is hindered by the sluggish activatio...Single-atom catalysts for alkyne semi-hydrogenation have been extensively investigated due to their high metal utilization and improved olefin selectivity.However,their reactivity is hindered by the sluggish activation of reactants on isolated sites.Herein,a non-precise metal catalyst consisting of Ni-Cu hetero-diatomic pairs was prepared using a sequential deposition method.The diatomic sites catalyst exhibited an unprecedented activity among non-precious catalysts with over 98%conversion and 77 mol_(C2H2) mol_(metal)^(-1) h^(-1) at 180℃,whereas the single-atom catalysts of Cu/C and Ni/C were almost inert under the same conditions.Experimental and theoretical results revealed the crucial diatomic synergy between the Ni-Cu pairs,wherein acetylene was adsorbed on Ni sites and hydrogen was adsorbed on Cu sites,and the diatomic site enabled spontaneous desorption of ethylene.The superior activity of the diatomic catalyst was observed,resulting from the enhanced dominance of d-electrons of Ni near the Fermi level.The research demonstrates an approach to designing non-precise metal catalysts with extraordinary catalytic performance for alkyne hydrogenation.展开更多
Ionic liquids(ILs)have exhibited great application potential in many fields due to their unique properties.Molecular dynamics(MD)simulation has been widely employed to investigate their microscopic structure.However,c...Ionic liquids(ILs)have exhibited great application potential in many fields due to their unique properties.Molecular dynamics(MD)simulation has been widely employed to investigate their microscopic structure.However,classical molecular dynamics simulations struggle to accurately describe the complex interactions in ILs using the existing parameterized force fields.Recently,the MD simulations based on machine learning force fields(MLFFs)trained by first-principles calculations have attracted considerable attentions due to their abilities to balance computational accuracy and efficiency.Herein,we report the Bayesian-based MLFFs which can be successfully applied in IL systems and accelerate MD simulation.The calculated atomic forces,structures,and vibrational behaviors were validated to match the accuracy of firstprinciples calculations.Properties of the imidazolium-based ILs,including density,self-diffusion coefficients,viscosity,and radial distribution functions were predicted at the extended scales.Z-bonds that describe the unique structures in ILs were analyzed and the influences of Cpositions,temperature,and solvent H2O on Z-bonding configurations were systematically investigated.Our results confirmed that MLFFs presented the strong feasibility to investigate the large and complex systems,especially to predict structures and properties of the ILs.And the procedure described for MLFFs provides valuable guidance for researchers who are studying ILs.展开更多
The rapid growth of the automobile industry has substantially increased end-of-life tires(ELT)production with over 2300 million units manufactured in 2022.Despite known processes to recover materials and energy from E...The rapid growth of the automobile industry has substantially increased end-of-life tires(ELT)production with over 2300 million units manufactured in 2022.Despite known processes to recover materials and energy from ELT,a significant number of tires still end up in landfills,posing environmental problems.Pyrolysis offers a promising alternative to produce energy and marketable products like recovered carbon black(rCB).Incorpo-rating rCB into rubber matrices shows potential for partially replacing commercial carbon black,but more research is required to understand its reinforcing effects and recyclability through repeated pyrolysis cycles.Furthermore,tire composition variability affects rCB quality,challenging consistent production for market ap-plications.Post-treatments like activation and demineralization enhance rCB properties but pose challenges,with higher activation degrees improving pore structure but reducing carbon content while demineralization removes impurities but raises concerns about chemical use and equipment wear.Further research is needed to develop scalable and economically viable post-treatments along with their life cycle assessment.Here,a comprehensive literature review on rCB activation and demineralization is presented and,since the ultimate goal is to reuse rCB in the production of new tires,the rCB incorporation into rubber matrices is also reviewed.展开更多
Data-driven deep learning modeling has been increasingly applied to quality prediction in complex chemical processes.However,the data show complex temporal features due to different residence times and strong coupling...Data-driven deep learning modeling has been increasingly applied to quality prediction in complex chemical processes.However,the data show complex temporal features due to different residence times and strong coupling relationships among chemical entities.This study proposes a multi-scale temporal feature extraction module to extract local dynamic temporal features across different time scales and combines it with long short-term memory(LSTM)networks to capture global temporal patterns,thereby taking full advantage of available data.In addition,variable-wise channel attention is integrated into the model to enhance attention on the essential parts of the feature maps and improve predictive performance.Furthermore,by analyzing the attention weights,the model quickly identifies the key variables that significantly affect the predictions.Finally,the model is applied to a real corn starch liquefaction process and achieves an accurate product quality prediction with an R^(2) value of 0.9392,which represents a 4%to 9%improvement over traditional models and demonstrates the superiority of the proposed approach.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs) are regarded as one of the most promising energy conversion and storage devices.Nevertheless,side reactions and dendrite growth on the zinc metal anode hinder their widespread applica...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs) are regarded as one of the most promising energy conversion and storage devices.Nevertheless,side reactions and dendrite growth on the zinc metal anode hinder their widespread application.In this study,hemin was employed as a multi-functional artificial interface for the first time to inhibit the disordered growth of zinc dendrites and mitigate side reactions.Theoretical calculations indicate that hemin is preferentially adsorbed onto the zinc anode,thus blocking the interaction between the active zinc anode and electrolyte.Compared with zinc foil,the Hemin@Zn anode demonstrates enhanced corrosion resistance,a decrease in hydrogen evolution,and more orderly deposition of zinc.As expected,the symmetric cell with Hemin@Zn anode can sustain up to 4000 h at 0.2 mA/cm^(2),0.2 mAh/cm^(2).Asymmetric Zn//Cu cells exhibit an average coulombic efficiency exceeding 99.72 % during 500 cycles.Moreover,the full cell Hemin@Zn//NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10) delivers a superior capacity up to 367 m Ah/g and the discharge capacity retention reaches 124 mAh/g after 1200 cycles even at a current density of 5 A/g.This work provides a simple and effective method for constructing a robust artificial interface to promote the application of long-life AZIBs.展开更多
The cold sintering process(CSP)is a green and innovative method of material densification at low temperatures(<350°C).The traditional CSP entails the addition of liquid phases as a solvent to achieve material ...The cold sintering process(CSP)is a green and innovative method of material densification at low temperatures(<350°C).The traditional CSP entails the addition of liquid phases as a solvent to achieve material densification through the dissolution-precipitation mechanism.However,it is difficult to realize for materials with low solubility.To address this challenge,a universal cold sintering method without the addition of liquid phases has been proposed in this work.The addition of a special polyester-polymer assisted the densification of insoluble ceramics,and hydroxyapatite(HA)and Al_(2)O_(3)were successfully sintered below 100°C,achieving 95-100%densities in a short time(5-20 min).This achievement can be attributed to the low glass transition temperature and the abundance of active sites(C=O)of the polyester-polymer.The denser ceramics exhibited enhanced mechanical properties,with the compression strength of polymer-assisted CSP HA increasing by 147.3%compared to the nanoparticles.Additionally,serving as an advanced bone substitute material,HA underwent quantitative analysis using the CCK-8 method and assessed the impact of polymer presence on cell proliferation and cytotoxicity.Meanwhile,a tight bonding between the polymer and ceramic materials was achieved during CSP,providing a generalized method for designing multifunctional ceramic-polymer.展开更多
The iron and steel industry is one of the largest contributors to U.S.and global greenhouse gas emissions.Hydrogen can act as a promising reducing agent and clean energy carrier to decarbonize this sector,and has rece...The iron and steel industry is one of the largest contributors to U.S.and global greenhouse gas emissions.Hydrogen can act as a promising reducing agent and clean energy carrier to decarbonize this sector,and has received significant attention in terms of process modelling,techno-economic analysis,and life cycle assessment in recent years.Policy incentives,hydrogen storage and transportation,and water stress levels are key factors that require significantly more consideration in order to realize hydrogen's potential to decarbonize this industry.This review demonstrates the need for a systematic understanding and critical assessment of these areas,and their profound impacts on the decarbonization of the iron and steel sector.Furthermore,hydrogen and water supply face competition from other hard-to-decarbonize sectors,which should be considered on national and regional levels.Lastly,future research should also consider the impact of other environmental factors and hydrogen leak when deploying hydrogen at scale for industrial decarbonization.展开更多
Thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)consists of a hardsegment and a soft segment,where the former affords mechanical strength and thermalstability,while the latter provides a possibility of good ionic conductivity by promo...Thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)consists of a hardsegment and a soft segment,where the former affords mechanical strength and thermalstability,while the latter provides a possibility of good ionic conductivity by promoting dissociation of ions from the lithium salt.Thus,TPU attracts a wide interest recently as a promising polymer electrolyte for solid-state lithium batteries.However,the relatively low ionic conductivity of TPU still restricts its actual applications due to the aggregation of polymer chains,which greatly reduces the dissociation of lithium salts.Herein,a strategy to address this challenge was adopted by in situ polymerization poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate)(PEGDA)in fully dispersed TPU.Hence a stretchable solid-state electrolyte(denoted as TELL and the contrast sample was denoted as TLL)with high ionic conductivity of 7.18×10^(-4) S/cm was obtained at room temperature.The Li^(+)transference number is 0.85 in Li|TELL|Li cell and can stably undergo charge-discharge cycles for 1400 h at a current density of 0.1 mA/cm^(2),while the contrast sample is short-circuited after 634 h of cycling.The LiFePO_(4)|TELL|Li cell achieves a capacity retention of 78.93%after 200 cycles at 2 C.The LiFePO_(4)|TLL| Li cellonly gains the capacity retention of 51.9%after 50 cyclesat the same current density.So,the method adopted here may provide a new approach to realize a flexible solid-state electrolyte with high ion-conductivity.展开更多
文摘Driven by increasing global population and by growing demand for individual wealth, the consumption of energy and raw materials as well as the steadily growing CO2 concentration in atmosphere pose great challenges to process engineering. This complex multi-scale discipline deals with the transformation of mass by energy to manifold products in different industrial fields under economical and ecological sus- tainable conditions. In growing circular economy, process engineering increasingly plays an important role in recovering valuable components from very diffuse material flows leaving the user stocks following widely variable time periods of use. As well it is engaged in thermal recovery of energy therefrom and in environmentally safe disposal of residual solid wastes whose recovery economically is not feasible. An efficient recovery of materials and energy following the laws of entropy is a must. A complex network of mass, energy, transportation and information flows has to be regarded with growing traded quantities of used goods even on global level. Important constraints in time, however, exist for a necessary realization of innovative new processes and communal mobility and industrial infrastructure on medium and large scale. Based on reasonable long term and highly reliable statistics from industrial organizations repre- senting steel and paper industry, some limits and trends of possible developments in processing of those industries with long recycling experience will be discussed.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21922813,21921005,22178364,21978291 and 21776289)the Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.IAGM2020C16 and IAGM2020C21)。
文摘The evolution of human civilization is becoming increasingly synchronized with the development of science and technology. Every step toward advancement achieved by humans showcases our creativity and ability to realize ideas in practice. However, due to human activities aimed at goal fulfillment, Mother Earth has undeniably undergone many irreversible changes, which in turn have negatively impacted the environment [1].
基金supported in part by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(62225303)the National Natural Science Fundation of China(62303039,62433004)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(BX20230034,2023M730190)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(buctrc202201,QNTD2023-01)the High Performance Computing Platform,College of Information Science and Technology,Beijing University of Chemical Technology
文摘Data-driven process monitoring is an effective approach to assure safe operation of modern manufacturing and energy systems,such as thermal power plants being studied in this work.Industrial processes are inherently dynamic and need to be monitored using dynamic algorithms.Mainstream dynamic algorithms rely on concatenating current measurement with past data.This work proposes a new,alternative dynamic process monitoring algorithm,using dot product feature analysis(DPFA).DPFA computes the dot product of consecutive samples,thus naturally capturing the process dynamics through temporal correlation.At the same time,DPFA's online computational complexity is lower than not just existing dynamic algorithms,but also classical static algorithms(e.g.,principal component analysis and slow feature analysis).The detectability of the new algorithm is analyzed for three types of faults typically seen in process systems:sensor bias,process fault and gain change fault.Through experiments with a numerical example and real data from a thermal power plant,the DPFA algorithm is shown to be superior to the state-of-the-art methods,in terms of better monitoring performance(fault detection rate and false alarm rate)and lower computational complexity.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22308358,22208346,22421003)IPE Project for Frontier Basic Research(QYJC-2023-05)+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFC3902701)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-038).
文摘The purity of electronic-grade chemicals significantly impacts electronic components.Although crystallization has been used to purify cerium ammonium nitrate(CAN),the impurity removal mechanism underlying different crystallization parameters remains unclear.Traditional analytical methods of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)have problems in detecting trace Fe accurately,because of the high concentration of Ce and interference of polyatomic ions.Therefore,this study developed a new method integrating the standard addition and internal standard methods and explored the role of the kinetic energy discrimination mode.This new approach effectively overcomes Ce-related matrix interference and fills the gap in ultra-trace impurity detection.Furthermore,the study investigated the effects of cooling rate,seed mass loading and seed size on the removal of Fe impurity.The seed mass loading affects the average crystal size through regulating secondary nucleation and crystal growth.The removal of Fe in CAN is determined by surface adsorption and agglomeration.Under the condition of the cooling rate of 0.2 K·min^(-1),and addition of 0.5%(mass)600-680 μm seeds,the Fe content is the lowest,at only 0.24 mg·L^(-1),and the Fe removal rate reaches 92.28%.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3707201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52320105003)+2 种基金the Informatization Plan of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.CAS-WX2023PY-0103)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.E3ET1803)sponsored by the Alliance of International Science Organizations(ANSO)scholarship for young talents.
文摘A sensor,serving as a transducer,produces a quantifiable output in response to a predetermined input stimulus,which may be of a chemical or physical nature.The field of gas detection has experienced a substantial surge in research activity,attributable to the diverse functionalities and enhanced accessibility of advanced active materials.In this work,recent advances in gas sensors,specifically those utilizing Field Effect Transistors(FETs),are summarized,including device configurations,response characteristics,sensor materials,and application domains.In pursuing high-performance artificial olfactory systems,the evolution of FET gas sensors necessitates their synchronization with material advancements.These materials should have large surface areas to enhance gas adsorption,efficient conversion of gas input to detectable signals,and strong mechanical qualities.The exploration of gas-sensitive materials has covered diverse categories,such as organic semiconductor polymers,conductive organic compounds and polymers,metal oxides,metal-organic frameworks,and low-dimensional materials.The application of gas sensing technology holds significant promise in domains such as industrial safety,environmental monitoring,and medical diagnostics.This comprehensive review thoroughly examines recent progress,identifies prevailing technical challenges,and outlines prospects for gas detection technology utilizing field effect transistors.The primary aim is to provide a valuable reference for driving the development of the next generation of gas-sensitive monitoring and detection systems characterized by improved sensitivity,selectivity,and intelligence.
基金supported by the National Key Projects for Fundamental Research and development of China(2020YFA0710202)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M761567)Shandong Postdoctoral Science Foundation(SDCX-ZG-202400271).
文摘The synthesis of propylene carbonate(PC)from CO_(2) and propylene oxide(PO)is a typical gas-liquid biphasic system,where gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency significantly influences CO_(2) cycloaddition reactions.Here,we proposed a microchannel reaction system for the CO_(2) cycloaddition reaction catalyzed by ionic liquid within an aqueous environment.The effect of liquid flow rate,temperature and residence time on gas-liquid flow pattern,catalytic performance and mass transfer were systematically investigated.The results revealed that the PC generation rate reached 560.11 mmol·ml^(−1)·h^(−1)at a 50 cm of flow distance under reaction conditions of 105℃,2.5 MPa,QG=176 ml·min^(−1) and QL=0.3 ml·min^(−1).Variations in mass transfer rate and reaction rate at different flow distances were experimentally studied.The reaction efficiency gradually decreased with increasing flow distance,which were attributed to the reduction of mass transfer caused by decreasing bubble velocity.Optimizing bubble velocity at an appropriate position enhanced reaction efficiency by improving mass transfer,achieving a 97.7%PC yield within 2.85 min.Furthermore,a kinetic model coupling intrinsic kinetics with gas-liquid mass transfer was developed for CO_(2) cycloaddition reaction.The kinetic model was applied to predict PC reaction rates in microchannel reactors at various temperatures and liquid flow rates,achieving an average relative error of 9.6%.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC3905400)the Clean Combustion and Low-carbon Utilization of Coal,Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant No.XDA 29000000.
文摘The carbonylation of amines offers a promising route for synthesizing N-substituted carbamates with high atom economy.However,conventional catalysts exhibit limited catalytic efficiency,and the underlying proton transfer mechanism remains elusive.Herein,we reported a metal-free,room-temperature strategy utilizing 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene(TBD)as a dual hydrogen bond catalyst to synergistically activate propylamine(PA)and dimethyl carbonate(DMC).This green catalytic system achieves a 10-fold acceleration in reaction rate compared to other hydrogen bonding catalysts under mild conditions.This is enabled by dual hydrogen bonding of TBD with PA and DMC,which facilitates rapid proton transfer and stabilizes tetrahedral intermediates.Theoretical calculations confirm that the dual hydrogen bond system significantly lowers activation energy compared to single hydrogen bond analogs.Furthermore,it was revealed that the hydrogen bonding network within the product is the primary factor responsible for the sluggish reaction rate.This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a dual hydrogen bond system in accelerating the carbonylation of amines and provides a green route to access carbamates.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund(U24A20557)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDC0230403)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378393,22208356)“Hundred Talents Program”of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Chinese Academy of Sciences stably supports the youth team plan in the field of basic research(YSBR 038)Key Research&Development projects in Qinghai Province(2023-HZ-805).
文摘This article presents a new synergistic extraction system composed of Cyanex 272(C272,bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid)and iso-octanol for Sc_(3+) separation.The proposed synergistic system possessed an Sc^(3+) extraction efficiency of 93.5%and a back-extraction efficiency of 82.7%,with selectivity coefficients of β_(Sc/Fe)=459 and β_(Sc/Al)=4241,which are considerably higher as compared to the current extraction systems.The extraction mechanism was studied and interpreted.The enhanced extraction efficiency is attributed to the increased hydrophobicity of the ternary complex,whereas the back-extraction efficiency can be ascribed to the attenuated stability of the complex.C272 and C272–iso-octanol systems also possess considerable surface activity,which is beneficial for the phase separation in solvent extraction.Based on the solvent extraction results,a preliminary study was conducted on polymer inclusion membranes(PIMs)using the binary system for Sc^(3+) separation to avoid the formation of the third phase,achieving an optimal initial flux of PIM of 6.71×10^(−4)mol·m^(−2)·h^(−1).Our results provide valuable information on highly efficient Sc^(3+) separation,and the study on PIM extraction has shown a green alternative to solvent extraction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22579043,52461040,22202053,52274297)the Hainan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(G20250218018E)+2 种基金the first batch of“Nanhai New Star”industrial innovation talent platform project(202309006)the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(ZDYF2025GXJS004)the Start-up Research Foundation of Hainan University(KYQD(ZR)-21124)。
文摘Membra ne electrode assemblies(MEAs)are pivotal to advancing proton exchange membra ne water electrolysis(PEMWE),yet conventional designs suffer from limited triple-phase boundaries(TPBs),inefficient mass/charge transport,and insufficient durability.This study introduces a three-dimensional ordered pattern-array(3D OPA)architecture fabricated via a scalable laser-machined mask and hot-pressing strategy.The 3D OPA MEA achieves a current density of 3.73 A cm^(-2) at 2 V,demonstrating a 50%performance improvement over the conventional MEA(2.48 A cm^(-2)),alongside a degradation rate of 26.6μV h^(-1) in a highly dynamic accelerated stress test(AST).Additionally,numerical simulations corroborate that the OPA architecture optimizes localized oxygen diffusion and liquid water replenishment,enhancing reaction kinetics.The 3D OPA architecture enhances TPBs and establishes optimized gas-liquid tra nsport pathways,significantly improving catalyst utilization while minimizing mass transfer overpotential and bubble-induced losses.Furthermore,its interlocking design reinforces mechanical interactions,reducing ohmic resistance a nd ensuring sustained mecha nical integrity and electrochemical durability.This work provides a simple,cost-effective,and scalable approach for patterned MEAs,addressing critical barriers to PEMWE commercialization through rational TPB engineering and transport pathway optimization.
基金supported by Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(No.202301BE070001-056)Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects(No.202202AG050019)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3906003)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2021044)Beijing Nova Program(No.2024072).
文摘A novel faujasite(FAU) type zeolitized ceramsite(FZC) was prepared via a novel three dimensional(3D) in-pore growth method.FZC is a centimeter sized spherical particle with a 3-dimensional radial morphology inside,with a specific surface area and pore volume 6 and 30 times that of the original ceramsite,respectively.The unique structure was constructed through electrostatic and polymerization interactions between hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB) micelles,ceramic pore walls and silicate aluminate ions,which could simultaneously improve adsorption capacity and mass transfer,endowing FZC with excellent heavy metal adsorption properties.FZC-50 could remove the majority of Cu and Zn from solution within shorter periods(73.3 % and 80.0 %of original ceramsite,respectively) with larger adsorption capacities(340 % and 370 % of original ceramsite,respectively).Theoretical analysis and regeneration experiments both indicate that the adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) and Zn(Ⅱ) on FZC-50 is dominated by ion exchange.And the spent sorbent can be effectively regenerated by NaCl,and the cycle number is expected to be 33 and 26 times for Cu(Ⅱ) and Zn(Ⅱ) adsorption,respectively.This work proposed a novel synthesis route to construct a 3D multi-stage porous zeolite inside ceramsite,and opened up new ideas for the further development of zeolitized ceramsite.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFA1507400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22325805,22441010,22408203)+2 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.JQ22003)the Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations(24HHWCSS00007)Tsinghua University Dushi Program,and Sinopec Group(PR20232572).
文摘The electrochemical oxidation of biomass-derived platform molecule 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)represents a crucial pathway for green transformation into high-value chemicals,yet its reaction pathway selectivity,efficiency,and catalyst stability are strongly dependent on the electrolyte pH environment.Under alkaline conditions,high OH−concentration facilitates preferential aldehyde group oxidation and efficient deprotonation,enabling highly efficient synthesis of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid,but simultaneously induces HMF self-degradation and complicates product separation.As pH decreases,the reaction mechanism shifts toward enhanced hydroxymethyl oxidation,leading to intermediate accumulation(such as 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid,2,5-diformylfuran,and 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid)with challenging selectivity control and significantly slowed reaction kinetics.This review comprehensively examines the systematic differences in HMF oxidation pathways and surface catalytic mechanisms across the full pH range from alkaline to acidic conditions.Addressing the distinct reaction characteristics and core challenges in alkaline,near-neutral,and acidic media,we systematically evaluate design strategies for high-efficiency electrocatalysts and explore reactor design aspects.Future research should focus on process integration(with tailored reactor design)for energy consumption reduction in alkaline systems,targeted synthesis of diverse oxidation products in near-neutral systems,and innovative catalyst development for acidic systems,thereby advancing the efficiency,selectivity,and practical application of HMF electrooxidation technologies across the entire pH spectrum through synergistic optimization of catalyst,reactor,and process.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22308358,22208346,22421003)IPE Project for Frontier Basic Research(QYJC-2023-05)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-038).
文摘Dimethylphenols serve as important intermediates in synthesizing pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals,yet traditional distillation struggles to separate their isomers due to minimal boiling point differences,and the development of melt crystallization is hampered by lacking solid–liquid equilibrium (SLE) data for some isomers.Therefore,the SLE data of both binary and ternary mixtures of 2,3-dimethylphenol (2,3-DMP),3,5-dimethylphenol (3,5-DMP),and 3,4-dimethylphenol (3,4-DMP) were determined by using differential scanning calorimetry in this work.Additionally,crystallographic analysis was conducted to investigate the thermodynamic characteristics of these mixtures.The experimental results indicated that all the systems investigated in this research exhibited eutectic behavior.The experimentally obtained SLE data were well correlated with the Wilson and non-random two-liquid models.The excess thermodynamic functions were calculated to analyze the types and intensities of the molecular interactions occurring in the mixtures.Furthermore,this study developed a model for the correlation between the theoretical crystallization yield and the actual cooling yield and final yield in melt crystallization.This study has furnished reliable data essential for developing and optimizing the melt crystallization process of mixtures of 2,3-DMP,3,5-DMP,and 3,4-DMP.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA1501803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant No.21978148&52206156)。
文摘Single-atom catalysts for alkyne semi-hydrogenation have been extensively investigated due to their high metal utilization and improved olefin selectivity.However,their reactivity is hindered by the sluggish activation of reactants on isolated sites.Herein,a non-precise metal catalyst consisting of Ni-Cu hetero-diatomic pairs was prepared using a sequential deposition method.The diatomic sites catalyst exhibited an unprecedented activity among non-precious catalysts with over 98%conversion and 77 mol_(C2H2) mol_(metal)^(-1) h^(-1) at 180℃,whereas the single-atom catalysts of Cu/C and Ni/C were almost inert under the same conditions.Experimental and theoretical results revealed the crucial diatomic synergy between the Ni-Cu pairs,wherein acetylene was adsorbed on Ni sites and hydrogen was adsorbed on Cu sites,and the diatomic site enabled spontaneous desorption of ethylene.The superior activity of the diatomic catalyst was observed,resulting from the enhanced dominance of d-electrons of Ni near the Fermi level.The research demonstrates an approach to designing non-precise metal catalysts with extraordinary catalytic performance for alkyne hydrogenation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22278397)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2024SMECP01).
文摘Ionic liquids(ILs)have exhibited great application potential in many fields due to their unique properties.Molecular dynamics(MD)simulation has been widely employed to investigate their microscopic structure.However,classical molecular dynamics simulations struggle to accurately describe the complex interactions in ILs using the existing parameterized force fields.Recently,the MD simulations based on machine learning force fields(MLFFs)trained by first-principles calculations have attracted considerable attentions due to their abilities to balance computational accuracy and efficiency.Herein,we report the Bayesian-based MLFFs which can be successfully applied in IL systems and accelerate MD simulation.The calculated atomic forces,structures,and vibrational behaviors were validated to match the accuracy of firstprinciples calculations.Properties of the imidazolium-based ILs,including density,self-diffusion coefficients,viscosity,and radial distribution functions were predicted at the extended scales.Z-bonds that describe the unique structures in ILs were analyzed and the influences of Cpositions,temperature,and solvent H2O on Z-bonding configurations were systematically investigated.Our results confirmed that MLFFs presented the strong feasibility to investigate the large and complex systems,especially to predict structures and properties of the ILs.And the procedure described for MLFFs provides valuable guidance for researchers who are studying ILs.
基金financed by national funds through the FCT/MCTES(PIDDAC)the support of“H2 Driven Green Agenda”,nr.C644923817-00000037,investment project nr.50+1 种基金financed by the Recovery and Resilience Plan(PRR)by European Union-Next Generation EU.
文摘The rapid growth of the automobile industry has substantially increased end-of-life tires(ELT)production with over 2300 million units manufactured in 2022.Despite known processes to recover materials and energy from ELT,a significant number of tires still end up in landfills,posing environmental problems.Pyrolysis offers a promising alternative to produce energy and marketable products like recovered carbon black(rCB).Incorpo-rating rCB into rubber matrices shows potential for partially replacing commercial carbon black,but more research is required to understand its reinforcing effects and recyclability through repeated pyrolysis cycles.Furthermore,tire composition variability affects rCB quality,challenging consistent production for market ap-plications.Post-treatments like activation and demineralization enhance rCB properties but pose challenges,with higher activation degrees improving pore structure but reducing carbon content while demineralization removes impurities but raises concerns about chemical use and equipment wear.Further research is needed to develop scalable and economically viable post-treatments along with their life cycle assessment.Here,a comprehensive literature review on rCB activation and demineralization is presented and,since the ultimate goal is to reuse rCB in the production of new tires,the rCB incorporation into rubber matrices is also reviewed.
基金the financial support provided by the Special Foundation for State Major Basic Research Program of China(2021YFD2101005)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22478057,22178045).
文摘Data-driven deep learning modeling has been increasingly applied to quality prediction in complex chemical processes.However,the data show complex temporal features due to different residence times and strong coupling relationships among chemical entities.This study proposes a multi-scale temporal feature extraction module to extract local dynamic temporal features across different time scales and combines it with long short-term memory(LSTM)networks to capture global temporal patterns,thereby taking full advantage of available data.In addition,variable-wise channel attention is integrated into the model to enhance attention on the essential parts of the feature maps and improve predictive performance.Furthermore,by analyzing the attention weights,the model quickly identifies the key variables that significantly affect the predictions.Finally,the model is applied to a real corn starch liquefaction process and achieves an accurate product quality prediction with an R^(2) value of 0.9392,which represents a 4%to 9%improvement over traditional models and demonstrates the superiority of the proposed approach.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52372188)Natural Science Foundation of Henan (Nos.242300421625,252300421333)+4 种基金CAS Henan Industrial Technology Innovation & Incubation Center (No.2024121)Key Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Henan Province (Nos.22A150042,23A150038,and 24A150019)2023 Introduction of studying abroad talent programthe China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2019 M652546)Key Project of Science and Technology of Henan Province (No.252102240007)。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs) are regarded as one of the most promising energy conversion and storage devices.Nevertheless,side reactions and dendrite growth on the zinc metal anode hinder their widespread application.In this study,hemin was employed as a multi-functional artificial interface for the first time to inhibit the disordered growth of zinc dendrites and mitigate side reactions.Theoretical calculations indicate that hemin is preferentially adsorbed onto the zinc anode,thus blocking the interaction between the active zinc anode and electrolyte.Compared with zinc foil,the Hemin@Zn anode demonstrates enhanced corrosion resistance,a decrease in hydrogen evolution,and more orderly deposition of zinc.As expected,the symmetric cell with Hemin@Zn anode can sustain up to 4000 h at 0.2 mA/cm^(2),0.2 mAh/cm^(2).Asymmetric Zn//Cu cells exhibit an average coulombic efficiency exceeding 99.72 % during 500 cycles.Moreover,the full cell Hemin@Zn//NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10) delivers a superior capacity up to 367 m Ah/g and the discharge capacity retention reaches 124 mAh/g after 1200 cycles even at a current density of 5 A/g.This work provides a simple and effective method for constructing a robust artificial interface to promote the application of long-life AZIBs.
基金supported by the Jilin Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.20240101118JC)the funds of Medical+X cross innovation team granted by medical department of Jilin University(No.2022JBGS07)+1 种基金the Jilin Province Science and Technology development project(No.20210101437JC)the WU JIEPING Medical Foundation(No.320.6750.2023-3-20 to TGM)。
文摘The cold sintering process(CSP)is a green and innovative method of material densification at low temperatures(<350°C).The traditional CSP entails the addition of liquid phases as a solvent to achieve material densification through the dissolution-precipitation mechanism.However,it is difficult to realize for materials with low solubility.To address this challenge,a universal cold sintering method without the addition of liquid phases has been proposed in this work.The addition of a special polyester-polymer assisted the densification of insoluble ceramics,and hydroxyapatite(HA)and Al_(2)O_(3)were successfully sintered below 100°C,achieving 95-100%densities in a short time(5-20 min).This achievement can be attributed to the low glass transition temperature and the abundance of active sites(C=O)of the polyester-polymer.The denser ceramics exhibited enhanced mechanical properties,with the compression strength of polymer-assisted CSP HA increasing by 147.3%compared to the nanoparticles.Additionally,serving as an advanced bone substitute material,HA underwent quantitative analysis using the CCK-8 method and assessed the impact of polymer presence on cell proliferation and cytotoxicity.Meanwhile,a tight bonding between the polymer and ceramic materials was achieved during CSP,providing a generalized method for designing multifunctional ceramic-polymer.
基金Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is supported by the Office of Science of the United States Department of Energy and operated under contract grant no. DE-AC02-05CH11231funded by the Industrial Efficiency & Decarbonization Office (IEDO) of United States Department of Energy
文摘The iron and steel industry is one of the largest contributors to U.S.and global greenhouse gas emissions.Hydrogen can act as a promising reducing agent and clean energy carrier to decarbonize this sector,and has received significant attention in terms of process modelling,techno-economic analysis,and life cycle assessment in recent years.Policy incentives,hydrogen storage and transportation,and water stress levels are key factors that require significantly more consideration in order to realize hydrogen's potential to decarbonize this industry.This review demonstrates the need for a systematic understanding and critical assessment of these areas,and their profound impacts on the decarbonization of the iron and steel sector.Furthermore,hydrogen and water supply face competition from other hard-to-decarbonize sectors,which should be considered on national and regional levels.Lastly,future research should also consider the impact of other environmental factors and hydrogen leak when deploying hydrogen at scale for industrial decarbonization.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52263010 and 52372188)2023 Introduction of studying abroad talent program,Henan Provincial Key Scientific Research Project of Collegesand Universities(No.23A150038)+1 种基金Key Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Henan Province(No.22A150042)the National students'platform for innovation and entrepreneurship training program(No.201910476010).
文摘Thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)consists of a hardsegment and a soft segment,where the former affords mechanical strength and thermalstability,while the latter provides a possibility of good ionic conductivity by promoting dissociation of ions from the lithium salt.Thus,TPU attracts a wide interest recently as a promising polymer electrolyte for solid-state lithium batteries.However,the relatively low ionic conductivity of TPU still restricts its actual applications due to the aggregation of polymer chains,which greatly reduces the dissociation of lithium salts.Herein,a strategy to address this challenge was adopted by in situ polymerization poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate)(PEGDA)in fully dispersed TPU.Hence a stretchable solid-state electrolyte(denoted as TELL and the contrast sample was denoted as TLL)with high ionic conductivity of 7.18×10^(-4) S/cm was obtained at room temperature.The Li^(+)transference number is 0.85 in Li|TELL|Li cell and can stably undergo charge-discharge cycles for 1400 h at a current density of 0.1 mA/cm^(2),while the contrast sample is short-circuited after 634 h of cycling.The LiFePO_(4)|TELL|Li cell achieves a capacity retention of 78.93%after 200 cycles at 2 C.The LiFePO_(4)|TLL| Li cellonly gains the capacity retention of 51.9%after 50 cyclesat the same current density.So,the method adopted here may provide a new approach to realize a flexible solid-state electrolyte with high ion-conductivity.
