The muscular system plays a critical role in the human body by governing skeletal movement,cardiovascular function,and the activities of digestive organs.Additionally,muscle tissues serve an endocrine function by secr...The muscular system plays a critical role in the human body by governing skeletal movement,cardiovascular function,and the activities of digestive organs.Additionally,muscle tissues serve an endocrine function by secreting myogenic cytokines,thereby regulating metabolism throughout the entire body.Maintaining muscle function requires iron homeostasis.Recent studies suggest that disruptions in iron metabolism and ferroptosis,a form of iron-dependent cell death,are essential contributors to the progression of a wide range of muscle diseases and disorders,including sarcopenia,cardiomyopathy,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Thus,a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms regulating iron metabolism and ferroptosis in these conditions is crucial for identifying potential therapeutic targets and developing new strategies for disease treatment and/or prevention.This review aims to summarize recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis in the context of muscle injury,as well as associated muscle diseases and disorders.Moreover,we discuss potential targets within the ferroptosis pathway and possible strategies for managing muscle disorders.Finally,we shed new light on current limitations and future prospects for therapeutic interventions targeting ferroptosis.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>Introduction:</strong></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verda...<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>Introduction:</strong></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The inflammatory mechanisms of COVID-19 suggest that corticosteroids may be beneficial, but their benefits must outweigh their potential risks. The RECOVERY trial results suggest that dexamethasone 6 mg/day </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(but not other steroids) may confer mortality benefits on ventilated COVID-19 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">patients.</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This is a narrative review of the literature about the use of ciclesonide and dexamethasone for COVID-19 patients. Literature is being created rapidly and this review is offered as a state-of-the-science narration.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The SARS-CoV-2 virus is an RNA virus whose RNA is transcribed via open reading frames, making its elimination difficult. Coronaviruses have evolved multiple strategies for proteolytic activation of the spike;viral replication occurs entirely in the cytoplasm. In this connection, the RNA-cleaving endoribonuclease (NSP-15 also known as EndoU) may play a key role by facilitating viral double-stranded RNA recognition by the host’s macrophages. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Furthermore, the virus is able to undergo RNA recombination rapidly,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> enabling it to evade host immunity and develop drug resistance. Ciclesonide is an inhaled corticosteroid that reduces lung inflammation and blocks the activity of specific kinases which may explain its anti-inflammatory effect. Dexamethasone is known to reduce mortality in ventilated COVID-19 patients.</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Discussion:</span></b></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Systemic corticosteroids were used in previous coronavirus epidemics (SARS and MERS) and pulmonary histology of these patients is similar to those in COVID-19 patients. Acute respiratory distress syndrome is the main cause of death in most COVID-19 infections and steroids may be effective in addressing that condition, brought on by cytokine storm. However, it should be noted that inhaled steroids likely have a narrower window for effect than systemic regimens.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Dexamethasone has been proven to confer mortality benefits on ventilated COVID-19 patients and may be used with inhaled ciclesonide, which has few side effects and can be locally metabolized. Further study is needed.</span></span></span>展开更多
In this perspective,we introduce the concept of Symbiopersonal Intelligence(SymAI)—a specialized form of artificial intelligence designed to facilitate and optimize symbiotic interactions between individuals and inte...In this perspective,we introduce the concept of Symbiopersonal Intelligence(SymAI)—a specialized form of artificial intelligence designed to facilitate and optimize symbiotic interactions between individuals and intelligent devices in digital medicine.SymAI represents a new frontier in personalized intelligent systems,adaptively learning from and catering to individual needs and behaviors.We explore its emergence and potential implementation in both personal and public healthcare,encompassing telemedicine,precision medicine,surgical assistance,chronic disease management,and policy optimization.Key technological frameworks and hardware enablers are outlined,with a particular emphasis on multimodal data retrieval,transmission,and processing,as well as personalized interventions delivered via wearable and implantable devices.By integrating artificial intelligence into sensor technologies and addressing barriers in flexible electronics,SymAI holds the potential to revolutionize digital health,offering more responsive,tailored care and improved health outcomes.展开更多
Respiratory muscle training can improve respiratory function by strengthening muscle mass,which is of great help to populations with respiratory system diseases and athletes.Existing respiratory muscle training method...Respiratory muscle training can improve respiratory function by strengthening muscle mass,which is of great help to populations with respiratory system diseases and athletes.Existing respiratory muscle training methods rely on resistance that hinders breathing,and the resistance cannot be adjusted automatically.However,the detection of the user's current muscle fatigue state and precise adjustment of resistance during respiratory muscle training are crucial to training efficiency.Here,we have developed a hybrid sensor that combines a triboelectric nanogenerator and a piezoelectric nanogenerator.This hybrid sensor can simultaneously collect both high-frequency and lowfrequency signals generated by the Karman vortex street effect with low hysteresis.When the airway height is 30 mm,the sensor size is 52μm×40 mm×17 mm,the output performance of the sensor is optimal,and the minimum response amplitude for the sensor is approximately 3 mm.Under normal breathing conditions,the output peak voltage is 7 V,the current is 100μA,the charge transfer amount generated by one movement is 55 nC,the response time is 0.16 s,and the sensitivity is 0.07 V/m·s^(-1).With the help of the principal component analysis algorithm,features related to the fatigue state of muscles were extracted from the collected signals,and the accuracy rate can reach 94.4%.Subsequently,the stepper motor will rotate to adjust the resistance appropriately.We fused the hybrid sensor,machine learning,control circuits,and stepper motors and fabricated a resistance self-adaptation program.Our findings inspire researchers in the field of rehabilitation and sports training to evaluate training status and improve training efficiency.展开更多
Iron,an essential mineral in the body,is involved in numerous physiological processes,making the maintenance of iron homeostasis crucial for overall health.Both iron overload and deficiency can cause various disorders...Iron,an essential mineral in the body,is involved in numerous physiological processes,making the maintenance of iron homeostasis crucial for overall health.Both iron overload and deficiency can cause various disorders and human diseases.Ferroptosis,a form of cell death dependent on iron,is characterized by the extensive peroxidation of lipids.Unlike other kinds of classical unprogrammed cell death,ferroptosis is primarily linked to disruptions in iron metabolism,lipid peroxidation,and antioxidant system imbalance.Ferroptosis is regulated through transcription,translation,and post-translational modifications,which affect cellular sensitivity to ferroptosis.Over the past decade or so,numerous diseases have been linked to ferroptosis as part of their etiology,including cancers,metabolic disorders,autoimmune diseases,central nervous system diseases,cardiovascular diseases,and musculoskeletal diseases.Ferroptosis-related proteins have become attractive targets for many major human diseases that are currently incurable,and some ferroptosis regulators have shown therapeutic effects in clinical trials although further validation of their clinical potential is needed.Therefore,in-depth analysis of ferroptosis and its potential molecular mechanisms in human diseases may offer additional strategies for clinical prevention and treatment.In this review,we discuss the physiological significance of iron homeostasis in the body,the potential contribution of ferroptosis to the etiology and development of human diseases,along with the evidence supporting targeting ferroptosis as a therapeutic approach.Importantly,we evaluate recent potential therapeutic targets and promising interventions,providing guidance for future targeted treatment therapies against human diseases.展开更多
Electrospun materials have attracted considerable attention in microbial fuel cells(MFC)owing to their porous structures,which facilitate the growth of electro-active biofilms(EABs).However,the impact of fiber diamete...Electrospun materials have attracted considerable attention in microbial fuel cells(MFC)owing to their porous structures,which facilitate the growth of electro-active biofilms(EABs).However,the impact of fiber diameter-controlled porous architectures on EAB growth and MFC performance has not been extensively studied.Herein,a highly conductive polypyrrole-modified electrospun polyacrylonitrile(PAN)mat was prepared as an electrode material for Shewanella putrefaciens CN32-based MFCs.The dominant pore size of the corresponding mat increases from 1 to around 20μm as the fiber diameter increases from 720 to 3770 nm.This variation affects the adhesion and growth behaviors of electrochemically active bacteria on the mat-based electrodes.The electrodes with poresranging from 2 to 10μm allow bacterial penetration into the interior,leading to significant biofilm loading and effective bioelectrocatalysis.However,the tight lamination of the electrospun fibers restricts bacterial growth in the deep interior space.We developed a friction-induced triboelectric expanding approach to rendering the mats with layered structures to overcome this limitation.The inter-layer spaces of the expanded conductive mat can facilitate bacterial loading from both sides of each layer and serve as channels to accelerate the catalysis of organic substances.Therefore,the expanded conductive mat with appropriate pore sizes delivers superior bioelectrocatalytic performance in MFCs and dye degradation.Based on the findings,a mechanism for the porous structure-controlled EAB formation and bioelectrocatalytic performance was proposed.This work may provide helpful guidance and insights for designing microfiber-based electrodes for microbial fuel cells.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82471593 to J.M.32330047 and 31930057 to F.W.+2 种基金and 82071970 to Y.W.and 82072506 to Y.L.)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hubei Province(2023AFA109 to Y.W.)Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2024AFB963 to Q.R.).
文摘The muscular system plays a critical role in the human body by governing skeletal movement,cardiovascular function,and the activities of digestive organs.Additionally,muscle tissues serve an endocrine function by secreting myogenic cytokines,thereby regulating metabolism throughout the entire body.Maintaining muscle function requires iron homeostasis.Recent studies suggest that disruptions in iron metabolism and ferroptosis,a form of iron-dependent cell death,are essential contributors to the progression of a wide range of muscle diseases and disorders,including sarcopenia,cardiomyopathy,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Thus,a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms regulating iron metabolism and ferroptosis in these conditions is crucial for identifying potential therapeutic targets and developing new strategies for disease treatment and/or prevention.This review aims to summarize recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis in the context of muscle injury,as well as associated muscle diseases and disorders.Moreover,we discuss potential targets within the ferroptosis pathway and possible strategies for managing muscle disorders.Finally,we shed new light on current limitations and future prospects for therapeutic interventions targeting ferroptosis.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>Introduction:</strong></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The inflammatory mechanisms of COVID-19 suggest that corticosteroids may be beneficial, but their benefits must outweigh their potential risks. The RECOVERY trial results suggest that dexamethasone 6 mg/day </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(but not other steroids) may confer mortality benefits on ventilated COVID-19 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">patients.</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This is a narrative review of the literature about the use of ciclesonide and dexamethasone for COVID-19 patients. Literature is being created rapidly and this review is offered as a state-of-the-science narration.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The SARS-CoV-2 virus is an RNA virus whose RNA is transcribed via open reading frames, making its elimination difficult. Coronaviruses have evolved multiple strategies for proteolytic activation of the spike;viral replication occurs entirely in the cytoplasm. In this connection, the RNA-cleaving endoribonuclease (NSP-15 also known as EndoU) may play a key role by facilitating viral double-stranded RNA recognition by the host’s macrophages. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Furthermore, the virus is able to undergo RNA recombination rapidly,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> enabling it to evade host immunity and develop drug resistance. Ciclesonide is an inhaled corticosteroid that reduces lung inflammation and blocks the activity of specific kinases which may explain its anti-inflammatory effect. Dexamethasone is known to reduce mortality in ventilated COVID-19 patients.</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Discussion:</span></b></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Systemic corticosteroids were used in previous coronavirus epidemics (SARS and MERS) and pulmonary histology of these patients is similar to those in COVID-19 patients. Acute respiratory distress syndrome is the main cause of death in most COVID-19 infections and steroids may be effective in addressing that condition, brought on by cytokine storm. However, it should be noted that inhaled steroids likely have a narrower window for effect than systemic regimens.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Dexamethasone has been proven to confer mortality benefits on ventilated COVID-19 patients and may be used with inhaled ciclesonide, which has few side effects and can be locally metabolized. Further study is needed.</span></span></span>
基金support from National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3605800,2024YFA1107202)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(14380532,2024300419)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20220780,BE2022818)Nanjing Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(202305001,202205020).
文摘In this perspective,we introduce the concept of Symbiopersonal Intelligence(SymAI)—a specialized form of artificial intelligence designed to facilitate and optimize symbiotic interactions between individuals and intelligent devices in digital medicine.SymAI represents a new frontier in personalized intelligent systems,adaptively learning from and catering to individual needs and behaviors.We explore its emergence and potential implementation in both personal and public healthcare,encompassing telemedicine,precision medicine,surgical assistance,chronic disease management,and policy optimization.Key technological frameworks and hardware enablers are outlined,with a particular emphasis on multimodal data retrieval,transmission,and processing,as well as personalized interventions delivered via wearable and implantable devices.By integrating artificial intelligence into sensor technologies and addressing barriers in flexible electronics,SymAI holds the potential to revolutionize digital health,offering more responsive,tailored care and improved health outcomes.
基金National Key R&D Project from the Minister of Science and Technology,Grant/Award Number:2023YFB3208101National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:T2125003+5 种基金National Key R&D Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2022YFE0111700China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2023M743446Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hubei Province,Grant/Award Number:2023AFA109Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(Natural Science),Grant/Award Number:ZK2023-032Guizhou Provincial Key Technology R&D Program,Grant/Award Number:2024161Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Respiratory muscle training can improve respiratory function by strengthening muscle mass,which is of great help to populations with respiratory system diseases and athletes.Existing respiratory muscle training methods rely on resistance that hinders breathing,and the resistance cannot be adjusted automatically.However,the detection of the user's current muscle fatigue state and precise adjustment of resistance during respiratory muscle training are crucial to training efficiency.Here,we have developed a hybrid sensor that combines a triboelectric nanogenerator and a piezoelectric nanogenerator.This hybrid sensor can simultaneously collect both high-frequency and lowfrequency signals generated by the Karman vortex street effect with low hysteresis.When the airway height is 30 mm,the sensor size is 52μm×40 mm×17 mm,the output performance of the sensor is optimal,and the minimum response amplitude for the sensor is approximately 3 mm.Under normal breathing conditions,the output peak voltage is 7 V,the current is 100μA,the charge transfer amount generated by one movement is 55 nC,the response time is 0.16 s,and the sensitivity is 0.07 V/m·s^(-1).With the help of the principal component analysis algorithm,features related to the fatigue state of muscles were extracted from the collected signals,and the accuracy rate can reach 94.4%.Subsequently,the stepper motor will rotate to adjust the resistance appropriately.We fused the hybrid sensor,machine learning,control circuits,and stepper motors and fabricated a resistance self-adaptation program.Our findings inspire researchers in the field of rehabilitation and sports training to evaluate training status and improve training efficiency.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970689 to J.M.,32330047 and 31930057 to F.W.,82071970 to Y.W.and 82072506 to Y.L.)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hubei Province(2023AFA109 to Y.W.)Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2024AFB971 to Q.R.).
文摘Iron,an essential mineral in the body,is involved in numerous physiological processes,making the maintenance of iron homeostasis crucial for overall health.Both iron overload and deficiency can cause various disorders and human diseases.Ferroptosis,a form of cell death dependent on iron,is characterized by the extensive peroxidation of lipids.Unlike other kinds of classical unprogrammed cell death,ferroptosis is primarily linked to disruptions in iron metabolism,lipid peroxidation,and antioxidant system imbalance.Ferroptosis is regulated through transcription,translation,and post-translational modifications,which affect cellular sensitivity to ferroptosis.Over the past decade or so,numerous diseases have been linked to ferroptosis as part of their etiology,including cancers,metabolic disorders,autoimmune diseases,central nervous system diseases,cardiovascular diseases,and musculoskeletal diseases.Ferroptosis-related proteins have become attractive targets for many major human diseases that are currently incurable,and some ferroptosis regulators have shown therapeutic effects in clinical trials although further validation of their clinical potential is needed.Therefore,in-depth analysis of ferroptosis and its potential molecular mechanisms in human diseases may offer additional strategies for clinical prevention and treatment.In this review,we discuss the physiological significance of iron homeostasis in the body,the potential contribution of ferroptosis to the etiology and development of human diseases,along with the evidence supporting targeting ferroptosis as a therapeutic approach.Importantly,we evaluate recent potential therapeutic targets and promising interventions,providing guidance for future targeted treatment therapies against human diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22272130)the Innovation Research 2035 Pilot Plan of Southwest University(Grant No.SWU-XDPY22014)+1 种基金the specific research fund of Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province(Grant No.YSPTZX202126)the Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province.
文摘Electrospun materials have attracted considerable attention in microbial fuel cells(MFC)owing to their porous structures,which facilitate the growth of electro-active biofilms(EABs).However,the impact of fiber diameter-controlled porous architectures on EAB growth and MFC performance has not been extensively studied.Herein,a highly conductive polypyrrole-modified electrospun polyacrylonitrile(PAN)mat was prepared as an electrode material for Shewanella putrefaciens CN32-based MFCs.The dominant pore size of the corresponding mat increases from 1 to around 20μm as the fiber diameter increases from 720 to 3770 nm.This variation affects the adhesion and growth behaviors of electrochemically active bacteria on the mat-based electrodes.The electrodes with poresranging from 2 to 10μm allow bacterial penetration into the interior,leading to significant biofilm loading and effective bioelectrocatalysis.However,the tight lamination of the electrospun fibers restricts bacterial growth in the deep interior space.We developed a friction-induced triboelectric expanding approach to rendering the mats with layered structures to overcome this limitation.The inter-layer spaces of the expanded conductive mat can facilitate bacterial loading from both sides of each layer and serve as channels to accelerate the catalysis of organic substances.Therefore,the expanded conductive mat with appropriate pore sizes delivers superior bioelectrocatalytic performance in MFCs and dye degradation.Based on the findings,a mechanism for the porous structure-controlled EAB formation and bioelectrocatalytic performance was proposed.This work may provide helpful guidance and insights for designing microfiber-based electrodes for microbial fuel cells.
