Background: Ethiopia is one of the countries with the highest Human Immune-deficiency Virus (HIV) and Tuberculosis (TB) infection rates in the world. To improve TB/HIV Programs outcomes through Public Private Partners...Background: Ethiopia is one of the countries with the highest Human Immune-deficiency Virus (HIV) and Tuberculosis (TB) infection rates in the world. To improve TB/HIV Programs outcomes through Public Private Partnership Mix (PPM) approach was in place since 2006. But the status of its implementation has never been assessed. Methods: In this cross sectional study we employed mixed methods;we interviewed 272 tuberculosis patients, reviewed their records, and facilitated six in-depth interviews and four focus group discussions. The survey was conducted from January through March 2014 in Addis Ababa. Result: Among the interviewees 51.5% were males and the mean age was (32.7 ± SD 12.4) years. PPM facilities were offering HIV counseling for all TB patients;whereas 87.5% of TB patients have received HIV testing services. The TB/HIV co-infection rate was 45.4%. And only 72.2% TB/HIV patients were enrolled into chronic disease care services, 64.8% were put on Cotrimoxazol Preventive Therapy (CPT) and 50% were put on standard highly active anti-retro viral therapy (HAART) services. All PPM facilities don’t have IPT (Isoniazid Prophylaxis Therapy). The TB/HIV collaborative services strongly linked with the public health sector which was documented by developing inclusive work plan which create access to supplies and conducting joint supportive supervisions. However, the majorities of PPM facilities don’t have Multi-Disciplinary Team and lacks some essential supplies. The predictor for uptake of CPT were: being females TB patients was 86% lower than their counter part males (AOR = 0.14;95% CI = 0.04 - 0.92 P = 0.002), patients who has attended their TB/HIV care at private for the profit facilities were 84% lower than those attend in private not for profit facilities (AOR = 0.16;95% CI = 0.49 - 0.55, P = 0.003). Conclusions: The TB/HIV collaborative services at program level are stronger but only half of patients didn’t get the comprehensive TB/HIV collaborative services to achieve recommended quality of care. Strengthening the services and ensuring the availability of essential supplies was highly recommended.展开更多
The sustainable development of private university has become the focus of the academia and the private higher education after an approximately golden period.Through the method of literature review and cluster analysis...The sustainable development of private university has become the focus of the academia and the private higher education after an approximately golden period.Through the method of literature review and cluster analysis,this paper studies the concept of sustainable development of private university from the perspective of the connotation definition and epitaxial recognition,in order to effectively reveal the essence of the sustainable development of private university,hoping to provide some certain support for the theory and practice of sustainable development of private university.展开更多
Private law doctrine and private international law are intimately linked.The links between them,although seldom discussed,are ubiquitous.These links can only be briefly outlined here,and the following pages are but a ...Private law doctrine and private international law are intimately linked.The links between them,although seldom discussed,are ubiquitous.These links can only be briefly outlined here,and the following pages are but a sketch of them.This essay is dedicated to Claus-Wilhelm Canaris,who in 1987 used the example of the Convention providing a Uniform Lawfor Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes to develop a methodological analysis for resolving the conflict of inconsistent legal values expressed in autonomous,unharmonized substantive law and in uniform substantive law.展开更多
Background： Australia＇s energy future is at the crossroads and the role of renewable sources is in focus. Biomass from sustainably managed forests provide a significant opportunity for electricity and heat generatio...Background： Australia＇s energy future is at the crossroads and the role of renewable sources is in focus. Biomass from sustainably managed forests provide a significant opportunity for electricity and heat generation and production of liquid fuels. Australia has extensive native forests of which a significant proportion are on private land. However, there is limited knowledge on the potential capacity of this resource to contribute to the expansion of a biomass for bioenergy industry. In addition, there are concerns on how to reconcile biomass harvesting with environmental protection. Methods： We used regional ecosystem vegetation mapping for Queensland to stratify harvestable forests within the 1.8 m hectares of private native forests present in the Southeast Queensland bioregion in 2014. We used a dataset of 52,620 individual tree measurements from 541 forest inventory plots collected over the last 10 years. Tree biomass was estimated using current biomass allometric equations for Australia. Biomass potentially available from selective sawlog harvesting and silvicultural treatment across the bioregion was calculated and mapped. Results： Current sawlog harvesting extracts 41.4% of the standing tree biomass and a biomass for bioenergy harvest would retain on average 36% of felled tree biomass on site for the protection of environmental and fauna habitat values. The estimated area extent of harvestable private native forests in the bioregion in 2013 was 888,000 ha and estimated available biomass for bioenergy in living trees was 13.6 million tonnes （t）. The spotted gum （Corymbio citriodora subsp, variegata） forests were the most extensive, covering an area of 379,823 ha and with a biomass for bioenergy yield of 14.2 t-ha-1 （with approximately 11.2 t.ha-1 of the biomass harvested from silvicultural thinning and 3 t.ha-1 recovered from sawlog harvest residual）. Conclusions： Silvicultural treatment of private native forests in the Southeast Queensland bioregion, has the capacity to supply a large quantity of biomass for bioenergy. The availability of a biomass for bioenergy market, and integration of sawlog harvesting and silvicultural treatment operations, could provide land owners with additional commercial incentive to improve the management of private native forests. This could potentially promote restoration of degraded forests, ecological sustainability and continued provision of wood products.展开更多
At a symposium on private enterprises in Beijing on February 17,President Xi Jinping underscored the importance of promoting the healthy and high-quality development of the private sector and reiterated the government...At a symposium on private enterprises in Beijing on February 17,President Xi Jinping underscored the importance of promoting the healthy and high-quality development of the private sector and reiterated the government's supportive policies.In an exclusive interview with Beijing Review reporter Zhang Shasha,Shi Jinchuan,Chairman of the Center for Research of Private Economy at Zhejiang University,explored the key signals from Xi Jinping's speech and the role of the government in supporting the private economy.展开更多
Private capital is one of the main driving forces in China's initiatives towards stimulating the market economy. The development of private economy in China has always been based on integrating industrial and corp...Private capital is one of the main driving forces in China's initiatives towards stimulating the market economy. The development of private economy in China has always been based on integrating industrial and corporate structures with product composition and market structures. This paper explores the development of the private economy and how it integrates different industries with specific markets by analyzing the leading private sector in Zhejiang province. It also examines the trends of industrial cluster, the formation of the agglomerative economy and their effects on private economy development. Finally, the paper explains why Zhejiang people have profited much from the Wenzhou model and discusses some existing problems and future possibilities for development of the Wenzhou model.展开更多
In recent years,closing down private higher education institutions(HEIs)has become a serious problem in China.It seems that doubt is cast on the rationality of private HEIs and severe competition contributes a lot to ...In recent years,closing down private higher education institutions(HEIs)has become a serious problem in China.It seems that doubt is cast on the rationality of private HEIs and severe competition contributes a lot to their development.Many problems in the process of self-development are caused by both internal and external factors.From the perspective of sustainable development and the healthy development of students,priority should be given to the evolution of an idea to provide a positive environment for the development of private HEIs.This paper is an effort to deal with the statement that higher education in China is a seller’s market and aims to do an objective estimate of the development space for private HEIs.In addition,it shows a clear understanding of establishing the prediction system for relevant issues of private higher education to guarantee the sound development of private HEIs.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the potential link between chromosomal polymorphisms in couples who had a medical history of idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss.Methods:Cytogenetic investigation was conducted with mitogen(Ph...Objective:To investigate the potential link between chromosomal polymorphisms in couples who had a medical history of idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss.Methods:Cytogenetic investigation was conducted with mitogen(Phytohemagglutinin-M,Gibco)stimulated blood T lymphocytes by Giemsa trypsin Giemsa banding and Ag-NOR banding on 580 couples with a history of idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss and 240 couples from the general population.Thirty good chromosomal spreads were captured,karyotyped,and analyzed.The karyotypes were designated using the International System for Human Cytogenomic Nomenclature 2024.Pearson Chi-square test was used to compare the frequency of chromosomal polymorphism variations in the idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss group with the general population group.Results:A conventional cytogenetic investigation revealed that 45.43%of couples experiencing idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss presented with various types of chromosomal polymorphic variants,compared to 11.88%in the general population.The overall frequency of these chromosomal polymorphic variants was significantly higher in the idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss group compared to the general population group(OR 9.97,95%CI 6.99-14.21;P<0.05).Additionally,the prevalence of polymorphic variants was higher among males(49.14%)than females(41.72%)(P=0.01).Conclusions:Chromosomal polymorphic analysis may play a crucial role in the assessment and careful clinical management of cases with idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss,especially when no other conclusive reasons are identified during the initial evaluation.Therefore,heteromorphism should not be overlooked while investigating the causes of idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss.展开更多
Accurate prediction of flood events is important for flood control and risk management.Machine learning techniques contributed greatly to advances in flood predictions,and existing studies mainly focused on predicting...Accurate prediction of flood events is important for flood control and risk management.Machine learning techniques contributed greatly to advances in flood predictions,and existing studies mainly focused on predicting flood resource variables using single or hybrid machine learning techniques.However,class-based flood predictions have rarely been investigated,which can aid in quickly diagnosing comprehensive flood characteristics and proposing targeted management strategies.This study proposed a prediction approach of flood regime metrics and event classes coupling machine learning algorithms with clustering-deduced membership degrees.Five algorithms were adopted for this exploration.Results showed that the class membership degrees accurately determined event classes with class hit rates up to 100%,compared with the four classes clustered from nine regime metrics.The nonlinear algorithms(Multiple Linear Regression,Random Forest,and least squares-Support Vector Machine)outperformed the linear techniques(Multiple Linear Regression and Stepwise Regression)in predicting flood regime metrics.The proposed approach well predicted flood event classes with average class hit rates of 66.0%-85.4%and 47.2%-76.0%in calibration and validation periods,respectively,particularly for the slow and late flood events.The predictive capability of the proposed prediction approach for flood regime metrics and classes was considerably stronger than that of hydrological modeling approach.展开更多
A novel siphon-based divide-and-conquer(SbDaC)policy is presented in this paper for the synthesis of Petri net(PN)based liveness-enforcing supervisors(LES)for flexible manufacturing systems(FMS)prone to deadlocks or l...A novel siphon-based divide-and-conquer(SbDaC)policy is presented in this paper for the synthesis of Petri net(PN)based liveness-enforcing supervisors(LES)for flexible manufacturing systems(FMS)prone to deadlocks or livelocks.The proposed method takes an uncontrolled and bounded PN model(UPNM)of the FMS.Firstly,the reduced PNM(RPNM)is obtained from the UPNM by using PN reduction rules to reduce the computation burden.Then,the set of strict minimal siphons(SMSs)of the RPNM is computed.Next,the complementary set of SMSs is computed from the set of SMSs.By the union of these two sets,the superset of SMSs is computed.Finally,the set of subnets of the RPNM is obtained by applying the PN reduction rules to the superset of SMSs.All these subnets suffer from deadlocks.These subnets are then ordered from the smallest one to the largest one based on a criterion.To enforce liveness on these subnets,a set of control places(CPs)is computed starting from the smallest subnet to the largest one.Once all subnets are live,this process provides the LES,consisting of a set of CPs to be used for the UPNM.The live controlled PN model(CPNM)is constructed by merging the LES with the UPNM.The SbDaC policy is applicable to all classes of PNs related to FMS prone to deadlocks or livelocks.Several FMS examples are considered from the literature to highlight the applicability of the SbDaC policy.In particular,three examples are utilized to emphasize the importance,applicability and effectiveness of the SbDaC policy to realistic FMS with very large state spaces.展开更多
Highlights•This study explores features of professional learning community(PLC)models in the educational contexts in Bahrain and Oman.•Findings based on the case studies of PLCs in two private schools in Bahrain and O...Highlights•This study explores features of professional learning community(PLC)models in the educational contexts in Bahrain and Oman.•Findings based on the case studies of PLCs in two private schools in Bahrain and Oman,and theoretical input from international PLC literature has implications for policy and practice.•Study recommends promoting PLC approaches in the Bahraini and Omani educational systems in pre-and in-service teacher training programs,adapting best international PLC practices to the specific educational contexts of Bahrain and Oman,preparing school principals to lead PLC in their schools,providing human and financial support to these communities,and making school cultures more collaborative.•This study highlights the importance of the PLC approach,expands the existing conceptual/analytical framework,demonstrates how this approach is being used in two schools,and encourages other practitioners and researchers to embrace PLC.展开更多
In recent years,the number of patientswith colon disease has increased significantly.Colon polyps are the precursor lesions of colon cancer.If not diagnosed in time,they can easily develop into colon cancer,posing a s...In recent years,the number of patientswith colon disease has increased significantly.Colon polyps are the precursor lesions of colon cancer.If not diagnosed in time,they can easily develop into colon cancer,posing a serious threat to patients’lives and health.A colonoscopy is an important means of detecting colon polyps.However,in polyp imaging,due to the large differences and diverse types of polyps in size,shape,color,etc.,traditional detection methods face the problem of high false positive rates,which creates problems for doctors during the diagnosis process.In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of colon polyp detection,this question proposes a network model suitable for colon polyp detection(PD-YOLO).This method introduces the self-attention mechanism CBAM(Convolutional Block Attention Module)in the backbone layer based on YOLOv7,allowing themodel to adaptively focus on key information and ignore the unimportant parts.To help themodel do a better job of polyp localization and bounding box regression,add the SPD-Conv(Symmetric Positive Definite Convolution)module to the neck layer and use deconvolution instead of upsampling.Theexperimental results indicate that the PD-YOLO algorithm demonstrates strong robustness in colon polyp detection.Compared to the original YOLOv7,on the Kvasir-SEG dataset,PD-YOLO has shown an increase of 5.44 percentage points in AP@0.5,showcasing significant advantages over other mainstream methods.展开更多
The environmental impacts of hydrogen production can vary widely depending on the production energy source and process.This implies that the collection and management of sustainability data for hydrogen production glo...The environmental impacts of hydrogen production can vary widely depending on the production energy source and process.This implies that the collection and management of sustainability data for hydrogen production globally is desired to ensure accountable development of the sector.Life cycle assessment(LCA)is an internationally recognized tool for environmental impact assessment.Integrating LCA in the holistic evaluation of the hydrogen value chain is desirable to ensure the cleanness and sustainability of the various available hydrogen production pathways.The objective of this review is to evaluate the methodology used in assessing the life cycle impact of hydrogen production including proposed documentation such as the guarantee of origin(GO)and certification schemes,and review case studies from Australia.An analysis of the sustainability strategies and schemes designed by the Australian government,aimed at mitigating climate change and promoting the hydrogen economy,was conducted.The case studies that were discussed identified the preferred available scaled routes of clean hydrogen production to be water electrolysis,which is based on technologies using renewable energy.Other dominant technologies which incorporate carbon capture and storage(CCS)were envisaged to continue playing a role in the transition to a low carbon economy.Additionally,it is critical to assess the greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions using appropriate system boundaries,in order to classify clean hydrogen production pathways.Harmonizing regulatory stringency with appropriate tracking of renewable electricity can promote clean hydrogen production through certification and GO schemes.This approach is deemed critical for the sustainable development of the hydrogen economy at the international level.展开更多
This past year, 2024, is on track to be the warmest year, joining 2023 as the two hottest years on record. With the exceptional heat, weather and climate extremes were common across the world. In particular, 2024 has ...This past year, 2024, is on track to be the warmest year, joining 2023 as the two hottest years on record. With the exceptional heat, weather and climate extremes were common across the world. In particular, 2024 has seen a remarkable run of extreme precipitation events and resulting impacts. Here, we provide an overview of the most notable extreme events of the year, including extreme precipitation and floods, tropical cyclones, and droughts. The characteristics and impacts of these extreme events are summarized, followed by discussion on the physical drivers and the role of global warming.Finally, we also discuss the future prospects in extreme event studies, including impact-based perspectives, challenges in attribution of precipitation extremes, and the existing gap to minimize impacts from climate extremes.展开更多
Since 2016,the number of clinical trials registered in the World Health Organization-International Clinical Trials Registry Platform has been steadily increasing.The number of clinical trials registered between 2018 a...Since 2016,the number of clinical trials registered in the World Health Organization-International Clinical Trials Registry Platform has been steadily increasing.The number of clinical trials registered between 2018 and 2022 is 39765 for BRICS countries.Though India’s contribution increased from 33%to 40%in the interim,the number of infectious disease trials registered in India is low(325)compared to the number of oncology clinical trials(1936)[1].The number of phase 3 registrational antibacterial clinical trials conducted in India is also low(Table 1).This poses a serious public health challenge given the infectious disease burden in India[2].展开更多
Platform-style construction is a widely recognized and well-established approach among engineers and developers for multi-story mass timber buildings.This construction method offers many advantages,such as rapid assem...Platform-style construction is a widely recognized and well-established approach among engineers and developers for multi-story mass timber buildings.This construction method offers many advantages,such as rapid assembly,an excellent strength-to-weight ratio,and appealing aesthetic features.In a platform-type construction,each story is constructed by placing the floor panels on top of the load-bearing wall,creating a platform for the level above.Although this method offers numerous advantages,recent research findings have revealed that cross-laminated(CLT)platform buildings with conventional connections,such as wall-to-floor hold-down brackets and shear connectors with nails and screws,are prone to experience a high degree of damage under design-level earthquakes.Consequently,conventional connections in platform-type construction are vulnerable to more damage under aftershocks and do not meet the damage avoidance requirements of seismic design.This paper introduces an innovative floor-to-wall connection for a platform-type low-rise mass timber building that mitigates the limitations of conventional connections.The effectiveness of the proposed connection has been investigated,and the seismic performance of the system,which incorporates the proposed connection,has been outlined in this paper.A numerical model with an innovative inter-story isolation system is developed in ETABS,and the seismic performance of the isolated structure was evaluated using Response Spectrum Analysis(RSA)and Nonlinear Time History Analysis(NLTHA).This study revealed that inter-story isolation systems significantly reduced the seismic demands on the mass timber components,demonstrating the system’s ability to dissipate seismic energy.Additionally,the system displayed effective energy dissipation while exhibiting self-centering behaviour.展开更多
In this editorial,I comment on the article conducted by Yang and Woo.Mental health in older adults remains underserved and underexamined,with final decades shaped by cumulative life stressors,chronic conditions,and so...In this editorial,I comment on the article conducted by Yang and Woo.Mental health in older adults remains underserved and underexamined,with final decades shaped by cumulative life stressors,chronic conditions,and social determinants that disproportionately affect marginalized communities.In this study,I would like to synthesize current evidence on the prevalence,presentation,and trajectories of mental health concerns among older adults,highlighting common challenges such as late-life depression,anxiety,cognitive concerns,and underutilization of care.I am going to examine barriers to outreach and treatment,including stigma,cultural and linguistic mismatches,access limitations,and gaps in geriatric mental health services.The analysis in the paper identifies promising pathways to improve outcomes:Community-engaged interventions,culturally tailored care models,integration of mental health with primary and geriatric care,and policy reforms to expand coverage and reduce disparities.As a conclusion,with actionable recommendations for clinicians,researchers,policymakers,and community organizations to break the silence,enhance early detection,and foster resilient aging through equitable,person-centered approaches.展开更多
Traditional tumor-node-metastasis staging overlooks key prognostic factors such as inflammation and nutrition,limiting individualized treatment in colorectal cancer.Integrating biochemical markers with artificial inte...Traditional tumor-node-metastasis staging overlooks key prognostic factors such as inflammation and nutrition,limiting individualized treatment in colorectal cancer.Integrating biochemical markers with artificial intelligence can significantly improve survival prediction and treatment personalization by analyzing complex,multimodal data.This evolving approach holds transformative potential for precision oncology.展开更多
Self-centering systems are increasingly studied after devastating earthquakes in the 2010s that caused irreparable damage to buildings.Currently,there is conflicting evidence as to whether the re-centering(restoring)c...Self-centering systems are increasingly studied after devastating earthquakes in the 2010s that caused irreparable damage to buildings.Currently,there is conflicting evidence as to whether the re-centering(restoring)capabilities are gained at the expense of hysteretic damping,potentially leading to larger peak displacements and damage to non-structural elements.This study examines the earthquake response of self-centering and non-self-centering systems through analyses of 4-storey and 8-storey steel-braced frames.The Resilient Slip Friction Joint(RSFJ)dampers,combined with steel braces in series,represent the self-centering bracing system,whereas the Buckling Restrained Braces(BRBs)represent the non-self-centering bracing system.Results suggest that peak displacements,base shears,and floor accelerations were comparable between the two systems.A possible explanation is that the peak response occurs on the first major excursion;similar peaks result from similar backbone curves in the run-up to the peak.Conversely,the amount of hysteretic damping only begins to affect the post-peak behavior.For instance,the RSFJ system reintroduces seismic energy into the structure post-peak(rather than dissipating it like the BRB).Subsequently,it leads to larger vibration amplitudes about the central position,increasing the risk of secondary peaks.This contrasts with the BRB system,which exhibits smaller vibration amplitudes about an increasingly deformed position due to seismic ratcheting.Unsurprisingly,residual deformations were high for the BRBs(1.7%on average)and negligible for the RSFJ.However,RSFJ produced smaller peak inter-storey drifts between 13%–18%but higher peak accelerations by 4%–5%.The results suggest that multi-storey braced frames could be designed with similar or smaller forces when self-centering systems are used.展开更多
文摘Background: Ethiopia is one of the countries with the highest Human Immune-deficiency Virus (HIV) and Tuberculosis (TB) infection rates in the world. To improve TB/HIV Programs outcomes through Public Private Partnership Mix (PPM) approach was in place since 2006. But the status of its implementation has never been assessed. Methods: In this cross sectional study we employed mixed methods;we interviewed 272 tuberculosis patients, reviewed their records, and facilitated six in-depth interviews and four focus group discussions. The survey was conducted from January through March 2014 in Addis Ababa. Result: Among the interviewees 51.5% were males and the mean age was (32.7 ± SD 12.4) years. PPM facilities were offering HIV counseling for all TB patients;whereas 87.5% of TB patients have received HIV testing services. The TB/HIV co-infection rate was 45.4%. And only 72.2% TB/HIV patients were enrolled into chronic disease care services, 64.8% were put on Cotrimoxazol Preventive Therapy (CPT) and 50% were put on standard highly active anti-retro viral therapy (HAART) services. All PPM facilities don’t have IPT (Isoniazid Prophylaxis Therapy). The TB/HIV collaborative services strongly linked with the public health sector which was documented by developing inclusive work plan which create access to supplies and conducting joint supportive supervisions. However, the majorities of PPM facilities don’t have Multi-Disciplinary Team and lacks some essential supplies. The predictor for uptake of CPT were: being females TB patients was 86% lower than their counter part males (AOR = 0.14;95% CI = 0.04 - 0.92 P = 0.002), patients who has attended their TB/HIV care at private for the profit facilities were 84% lower than those attend in private not for profit facilities (AOR = 0.16;95% CI = 0.49 - 0.55, P = 0.003). Conclusions: The TB/HIV collaborative services at program level are stronger but only half of patients didn’t get the comprehensive TB/HIV collaborative services to achieve recommended quality of care. Strengthening the services and ensuring the availability of essential supplies was highly recommended.
基金the phased achievement of the key project of 12th Five-Year Plan of the National Education Sciences"The Study of Distribution and Influential Factors of Private University in China"(NO.DFA140218)the key project of soft science research of Sichuan"Sustainable Development and the Construction of Dynamic Mechanism and Assessment System of Private University"(NO.2013RZB01009)
文摘The sustainable development of private university has become the focus of the academia and the private higher education after an approximately golden period.Through the method of literature review and cluster analysis,this paper studies the concept of sustainable development of private university from the perspective of the connotation definition and epitaxial recognition,in order to effectively reveal the essence of the sustainable development of private university,hoping to provide some certain support for the theory and practice of sustainable development of private university.
文摘Private law doctrine and private international law are intimately linked.The links between them,although seldom discussed,are ubiquitous.These links can only be briefly outlined here,and the following pages are but a sketch of them.This essay is dedicated to Claus-Wilhelm Canaris,who in 1987 used the example of the Convention providing a Uniform Lawfor Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes to develop a methodological analysis for resolving the conflict of inconsistent legal values expressed in autonomous,unharmonized substantive law and in uniform substantive law.
基金supported by the Australian Biomass for Bioenergy Assessment(ABBA)Project,Queensland Government
文摘Background： Australia＇s energy future is at the crossroads and the role of renewable sources is in focus. Biomass from sustainably managed forests provide a significant opportunity for electricity and heat generation and production of liquid fuels. Australia has extensive native forests of which a significant proportion are on private land. However, there is limited knowledge on the potential capacity of this resource to contribute to the expansion of a biomass for bioenergy industry. In addition, there are concerns on how to reconcile biomass harvesting with environmental protection. Methods： We used regional ecosystem vegetation mapping for Queensland to stratify harvestable forests within the 1.8 m hectares of private native forests present in the Southeast Queensland bioregion in 2014. We used a dataset of 52,620 individual tree measurements from 541 forest inventory plots collected over the last 10 years. Tree biomass was estimated using current biomass allometric equations for Australia. Biomass potentially available from selective sawlog harvesting and silvicultural treatment across the bioregion was calculated and mapped. Results： Current sawlog harvesting extracts 41.4% of the standing tree biomass and a biomass for bioenergy harvest would retain on average 36% of felled tree biomass on site for the protection of environmental and fauna habitat values. The estimated area extent of harvestable private native forests in the bioregion in 2013 was 888,000 ha and estimated available biomass for bioenergy in living trees was 13.6 million tonnes （t）. The spotted gum （Corymbio citriodora subsp, variegata） forests were the most extensive, covering an area of 379,823 ha and with a biomass for bioenergy yield of 14.2 t-ha-1 （with approximately 11.2 t.ha-1 of the biomass harvested from silvicultural thinning and 3 t.ha-1 recovered from sawlog harvest residual）. Conclusions： Silvicultural treatment of private native forests in the Southeast Queensland bioregion, has the capacity to supply a large quantity of biomass for bioenergy. The availability of a biomass for bioenergy market, and integration of sawlog harvesting and silvicultural treatment operations, could provide land owners with additional commercial incentive to improve the management of private native forests. This could potentially promote restoration of degraded forests, ecological sustainability and continued provision of wood products.
文摘At a symposium on private enterprises in Beijing on February 17,President Xi Jinping underscored the importance of promoting the healthy and high-quality development of the private sector and reiterated the government's supportive policies.In an exclusive interview with Beijing Review reporter Zhang Shasha,Shi Jinchuan,Chairman of the Center for Research of Private Economy at Zhejiang University,explored the key signals from Xi Jinping's speech and the role of the government in supporting the private economy.
文摘Private capital is one of the main driving forces in China's initiatives towards stimulating the market economy. The development of private economy in China has always been based on integrating industrial and corporate structures with product composition and market structures. This paper explores the development of the private economy and how it integrates different industries with specific markets by analyzing the leading private sector in Zhejiang province. It also examines the trends of industrial cluster, the formation of the agglomerative economy and their effects on private economy development. Finally, the paper explains why Zhejiang people have profited much from the Wenzhou model and discusses some existing problems and future possibilities for development of the Wenzhou model.
文摘In recent years,closing down private higher education institutions(HEIs)has become a serious problem in China.It seems that doubt is cast on the rationality of private HEIs and severe competition contributes a lot to their development.Many problems in the process of self-development are caused by both internal and external factors.From the perspective of sustainable development and the healthy development of students,priority should be given to the evolution of an idea to provide a positive environment for the development of private HEIs.This paper is an effort to deal with the statement that higher education in China is a seller’s market and aims to do an objective estimate of the development space for private HEIs.In addition,it shows a clear understanding of establishing the prediction system for relevant issues of private higher education to guarantee the sound development of private HEIs.
基金funded by the Technology Development Board(TDB)of India's Ministry of Science and Technology(TDB/M-25/2018-19).
文摘Objective:To investigate the potential link between chromosomal polymorphisms in couples who had a medical history of idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss.Methods:Cytogenetic investigation was conducted with mitogen(Phytohemagglutinin-M,Gibco)stimulated blood T lymphocytes by Giemsa trypsin Giemsa banding and Ag-NOR banding on 580 couples with a history of idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss and 240 couples from the general population.Thirty good chromosomal spreads were captured,karyotyped,and analyzed.The karyotypes were designated using the International System for Human Cytogenomic Nomenclature 2024.Pearson Chi-square test was used to compare the frequency of chromosomal polymorphism variations in the idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss group with the general population group.Results:A conventional cytogenetic investigation revealed that 45.43%of couples experiencing idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss presented with various types of chromosomal polymorphic variants,compared to 11.88%in the general population.The overall frequency of these chromosomal polymorphic variants was significantly higher in the idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss group compared to the general population group(OR 9.97,95%CI 6.99-14.21;P<0.05).Additionally,the prevalence of polymorphic variants was higher among males(49.14%)than females(41.72%)(P=0.01).Conclusions:Chromosomal polymorphic analysis may play a crucial role in the assessment and careful clinical management of cases with idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss,especially when no other conclusive reasons are identified during the initial evaluation.Therefore,heteromorphism should not be overlooked while investigating the causes of idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2023YFC3006704National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42171047CAS-CSIRO Partnership Joint Project of 2024,No.177GJHZ2023097MI。
文摘Accurate prediction of flood events is important for flood control and risk management.Machine learning techniques contributed greatly to advances in flood predictions,and existing studies mainly focused on predicting flood resource variables using single or hybrid machine learning techniques.However,class-based flood predictions have rarely been investigated,which can aid in quickly diagnosing comprehensive flood characteristics and proposing targeted management strategies.This study proposed a prediction approach of flood regime metrics and event classes coupling machine learning algorithms with clustering-deduced membership degrees.Five algorithms were adopted for this exploration.Results showed that the class membership degrees accurately determined event classes with class hit rates up to 100%,compared with the four classes clustered from nine regime metrics.The nonlinear algorithms(Multiple Linear Regression,Random Forest,and least squares-Support Vector Machine)outperformed the linear techniques(Multiple Linear Regression and Stepwise Regression)in predicting flood regime metrics.The proposed approach well predicted flood event classes with average class hit rates of 66.0%-85.4%and 47.2%-76.0%in calibration and validation periods,respectively,particularly for the slow and late flood events.The predictive capability of the proposed prediction approach for flood regime metrics and classes was considerably stronger than that of hydrological modeling approach.
基金The authors extend their appreciation to King Saud University,Saudi Arabia for funding this work through the Ongoing Research Funding Program(ORF-2025-704),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘A novel siphon-based divide-and-conquer(SbDaC)policy is presented in this paper for the synthesis of Petri net(PN)based liveness-enforcing supervisors(LES)for flexible manufacturing systems(FMS)prone to deadlocks or livelocks.The proposed method takes an uncontrolled and bounded PN model(UPNM)of the FMS.Firstly,the reduced PNM(RPNM)is obtained from the UPNM by using PN reduction rules to reduce the computation burden.Then,the set of strict minimal siphons(SMSs)of the RPNM is computed.Next,the complementary set of SMSs is computed from the set of SMSs.By the union of these two sets,the superset of SMSs is computed.Finally,the set of subnets of the RPNM is obtained by applying the PN reduction rules to the superset of SMSs.All these subnets suffer from deadlocks.These subnets are then ordered from the smallest one to the largest one based on a criterion.To enforce liveness on these subnets,a set of control places(CPs)is computed starting from the smallest subnet to the largest one.Once all subnets are live,this process provides the LES,consisting of a set of CPs to be used for the UPNM.The live controlled PN model(CPNM)is constructed by merging the LES with the UPNM.The SbDaC policy is applicable to all classes of PNs related to FMS prone to deadlocks or livelocks.Several FMS examples are considered from the literature to highlight the applicability of the SbDaC policy.In particular,three examples are utilized to emphasize the importance,applicability and effectiveness of the SbDaC policy to realistic FMS with very large state spaces.
文摘Highlights•This study explores features of professional learning community(PLC)models in the educational contexts in Bahrain and Oman.•Findings based on the case studies of PLCs in two private schools in Bahrain and Oman,and theoretical input from international PLC literature has implications for policy and practice.•Study recommends promoting PLC approaches in the Bahraini and Omani educational systems in pre-and in-service teacher training programs,adapting best international PLC practices to the specific educational contexts of Bahrain and Oman,preparing school principals to lead PLC in their schools,providing human and financial support to these communities,and making school cultures more collaborative.•This study highlights the importance of the PLC approach,expands the existing conceptual/analytical framework,demonstrates how this approach is being used in two schools,and encourages other practitioners and researchers to embrace PLC.
基金funded by the Undergraduate Higher Education Teaching and Research Project(No.FBJY20230216)Research Projects of Putian University(No.2023043)the Education Department of the Fujian Province Project(No.JAT220300).
文摘In recent years,the number of patientswith colon disease has increased significantly.Colon polyps are the precursor lesions of colon cancer.If not diagnosed in time,they can easily develop into colon cancer,posing a serious threat to patients’lives and health.A colonoscopy is an important means of detecting colon polyps.However,in polyp imaging,due to the large differences and diverse types of polyps in size,shape,color,etc.,traditional detection methods face the problem of high false positive rates,which creates problems for doctors during the diagnosis process.In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of colon polyp detection,this question proposes a network model suitable for colon polyp detection(PD-YOLO).This method introduces the self-attention mechanism CBAM(Convolutional Block Attention Module)in the backbone layer based on YOLOv7,allowing themodel to adaptively focus on key information and ignore the unimportant parts.To help themodel do a better job of polyp localization and bounding box regression,add the SPD-Conv(Symmetric Positive Definite Convolution)module to the neck layer and use deconvolution instead of upsampling.Theexperimental results indicate that the PD-YOLO algorithm demonstrates strong robustness in colon polyp detection.Compared to the original YOLOv7,on the Kvasir-SEG dataset,PD-YOLO has shown an increase of 5.44 percentage points in AP@0.5,showcasing significant advantages over other mainstream methods.
文摘The environmental impacts of hydrogen production can vary widely depending on the production energy source and process.This implies that the collection and management of sustainability data for hydrogen production globally is desired to ensure accountable development of the sector.Life cycle assessment(LCA)is an internationally recognized tool for environmental impact assessment.Integrating LCA in the holistic evaluation of the hydrogen value chain is desirable to ensure the cleanness and sustainability of the various available hydrogen production pathways.The objective of this review is to evaluate the methodology used in assessing the life cycle impact of hydrogen production including proposed documentation such as the guarantee of origin(GO)and certification schemes,and review case studies from Australia.An analysis of the sustainability strategies and schemes designed by the Australian government,aimed at mitigating climate change and promoting the hydrogen economy,was conducted.The case studies that were discussed identified the preferred available scaled routes of clean hydrogen production to be water electrolysis,which is based on technologies using renewable energy.Other dominant technologies which incorporate carbon capture and storage(CCS)were envisaged to continue playing a role in the transition to a low carbon economy.Additionally,it is critical to assess the greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions using appropriate system boundaries,in order to classify clean hydrogen production pathways.Harmonizing regulatory stringency with appropriate tracking of renewable electricity can promote clean hydrogen production through certification and GO schemes.This approach is deemed critical for the sustainable development of the hydrogen economy at the international level.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.42422502 and 42275038)the China Meteorological Administration Climate Change Special Program (Grant No.QBZ202306)funded by the Met Office Climate Science for Service Partnership (CSSP) China project under the International Science Partnerships Fund (ISPF)。
文摘This past year, 2024, is on track to be the warmest year, joining 2023 as the two hottest years on record. With the exceptional heat, weather and climate extremes were common across the world. In particular, 2024 has seen a remarkable run of extreme precipitation events and resulting impacts. Here, we provide an overview of the most notable extreme events of the year, including extreme precipitation and floods, tropical cyclones, and droughts. The characteristics and impacts of these extreme events are summarized, followed by discussion on the physical drivers and the role of global warming.Finally, we also discuss the future prospects in extreme event studies, including impact-based perspectives, challenges in attribution of precipitation extremes, and the existing gap to minimize impacts from climate extremes.
文摘Since 2016,the number of clinical trials registered in the World Health Organization-International Clinical Trials Registry Platform has been steadily increasing.The number of clinical trials registered between 2018 and 2022 is 39765 for BRICS countries.Though India’s contribution increased from 33%to 40%in the interim,the number of infectious disease trials registered in India is low(325)compared to the number of oncology clinical trials(1936)[1].The number of phase 3 registrational antibacterial clinical trials conducted in India is also low(Table 1).This poses a serious public health challenge given the infectious disease burden in India[2].
基金gratitude to WIDE Trust New Zealand for providing the opportunity and funding for this research,as well as QuakeCoRE,a New Zealand Tertiary Education Commission-funded Centre,for partially funding this research.This is QuakeCoRE,publication number 1013.
文摘Platform-style construction is a widely recognized and well-established approach among engineers and developers for multi-story mass timber buildings.This construction method offers many advantages,such as rapid assembly,an excellent strength-to-weight ratio,and appealing aesthetic features.In a platform-type construction,each story is constructed by placing the floor panels on top of the load-bearing wall,creating a platform for the level above.Although this method offers numerous advantages,recent research findings have revealed that cross-laminated(CLT)platform buildings with conventional connections,such as wall-to-floor hold-down brackets and shear connectors with nails and screws,are prone to experience a high degree of damage under design-level earthquakes.Consequently,conventional connections in platform-type construction are vulnerable to more damage under aftershocks and do not meet the damage avoidance requirements of seismic design.This paper introduces an innovative floor-to-wall connection for a platform-type low-rise mass timber building that mitigates the limitations of conventional connections.The effectiveness of the proposed connection has been investigated,and the seismic performance of the system,which incorporates the proposed connection,has been outlined in this paper.A numerical model with an innovative inter-story isolation system is developed in ETABS,and the seismic performance of the isolated structure was evaluated using Response Spectrum Analysis(RSA)and Nonlinear Time History Analysis(NLTHA).This study revealed that inter-story isolation systems significantly reduced the seismic demands on the mass timber components,demonstrating the system’s ability to dissipate seismic energy.Additionally,the system displayed effective energy dissipation while exhibiting self-centering behaviour.
文摘In this editorial,I comment on the article conducted by Yang and Woo.Mental health in older adults remains underserved and underexamined,with final decades shaped by cumulative life stressors,chronic conditions,and social determinants that disproportionately affect marginalized communities.In this study,I would like to synthesize current evidence on the prevalence,presentation,and trajectories of mental health concerns among older adults,highlighting common challenges such as late-life depression,anxiety,cognitive concerns,and underutilization of care.I am going to examine barriers to outreach and treatment,including stigma,cultural and linguistic mismatches,access limitations,and gaps in geriatric mental health services.The analysis in the paper identifies promising pathways to improve outcomes:Community-engaged interventions,culturally tailored care models,integration of mental health with primary and geriatric care,and policy reforms to expand coverage and reduce disparities.As a conclusion,with actionable recommendations for clinicians,researchers,policymakers,and community organizations to break the silence,enhance early detection,and foster resilient aging through equitable,person-centered approaches.
文摘Traditional tumor-node-metastasis staging overlooks key prognostic factors such as inflammation and nutrition,limiting individualized treatment in colorectal cancer.Integrating biochemical markers with artificial intelligence can significantly improve survival prediction and treatment personalization by analyzing complex,multimodal data.This evolving approach holds transformative potential for precision oncology.
文摘Self-centering systems are increasingly studied after devastating earthquakes in the 2010s that caused irreparable damage to buildings.Currently,there is conflicting evidence as to whether the re-centering(restoring)capabilities are gained at the expense of hysteretic damping,potentially leading to larger peak displacements and damage to non-structural elements.This study examines the earthquake response of self-centering and non-self-centering systems through analyses of 4-storey and 8-storey steel-braced frames.The Resilient Slip Friction Joint(RSFJ)dampers,combined with steel braces in series,represent the self-centering bracing system,whereas the Buckling Restrained Braces(BRBs)represent the non-self-centering bracing system.Results suggest that peak displacements,base shears,and floor accelerations were comparable between the two systems.A possible explanation is that the peak response occurs on the first major excursion;similar peaks result from similar backbone curves in the run-up to the peak.Conversely,the amount of hysteretic damping only begins to affect the post-peak behavior.For instance,the RSFJ system reintroduces seismic energy into the structure post-peak(rather than dissipating it like the BRB).Subsequently,it leads to larger vibration amplitudes about the central position,increasing the risk of secondary peaks.This contrasts with the BRB system,which exhibits smaller vibration amplitudes about an increasingly deformed position due to seismic ratcheting.Unsurprisingly,residual deformations were high for the BRBs(1.7%on average)and negligible for the RSFJ.However,RSFJ produced smaller peak inter-storey drifts between 13%–18%but higher peak accelerations by 4%–5%.The results suggest that multi-storey braced frames could be designed with similar or smaller forces when self-centering systems are used.
