With cloud computing,large chunks of data can be handled at a small cost.However,there are some reservations regarding the security and privacy of cloud data stored.For solving these issues and enhancing cloud computi...With cloud computing,large chunks of data can be handled at a small cost.However,there are some reservations regarding the security and privacy of cloud data stored.For solving these issues and enhancing cloud computing security,this research provides a Three-Layered Security Access model(TLSA)aligned to an intrusion detection mechanism,access control mechanism,and data encryption system.The TLSA underlines the need for the protection of sensitive data.This proposed approach starts with Layer 1 data encryption using the Advanced Encryption Standard(AES).For data transfer and storage,this encryption guarantees the data’s authenticity and secrecy.Surprisingly,the solution employs the AES encryption algorithm to secure essential data before storing them in the Cloud to minimize unauthorized access.Role-based access control(RBAC)implements the second strategic level,which ensures specific personnel access certain data and resources.In RBAC,each user is allowed a specific role and Permission.This implies that permitted users can access some data stored in the Cloud.This layer assists in filtering granular access to data,reducing the risk that undesired data will be discovered during the process.Layer 3 deals with intrusion detection systems(IDS),which detect and quickly deal with malicious actions and intrusion attempts.The proposed TLSA security model of e-commerce includes conventional levels of security,such as encryption and access control,and encloses an insight intrusion detection system.This method offers integrated solutions for most typical security issues of cloud computing,including data secrecy,method of access,and threats.An extensive performance test was carried out to confirm the efficiency of the proposed three-tier security method.Comparisons have been made with state-of-art techniques,including DES,RSA,and DUAL-RSA,keeping into account Accuracy,QILV,F-Measure,Sensitivity,MSE,PSNR,SSIM,and computation time,encryption time,and decryption time.The proposed TLSA method provides an accuracy of 89.23%,F-Measure of 0.876,and SSIM of 0.8564 at a computation time of 5.7 s.A comparison with existing methods shows the better performance of the proposed method,thus confirming the enhanced ability to address security issues in cloud computing.展开更多
Long non coding RNAs(lncRNAs) are non-protein or low-protein coding transcripts that contain more than 200 nucleotides. They representing a large share of the cell’s transcriptional output, demonstrate functional att...Long non coding RNAs(lncRNAs) are non-protein or low-protein coding transcripts that contain more than 200 nucleotides. They representing a large share of the cell’s transcriptional output, demonstrate functional attributes viz. tissue-specific expression, determination of cell fate, controlled expression, RNA processing and editing, dosage compensation, genomic imprinting, conserved evolutionary traits etc. These long non coding variants are well associated with pathogenicity of various diseases including the neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease etc. Neurological disorders are widespread and there knowing the underlying mechanisms become crucial. The lncRNAs take part in the pathogenesis by a plethora of mechanisms like decoy, scaffold, mi-RNA sequestrator, histone modifiers and in transcriptional interference. Detailed knowledge of the role of lncRNAs can help to use them further as novel biomarkers for therapeutic aspects. Here, in this review we discuss regulation and functional roles of lncRNAs in eight neurological diseases and psychiatric disorders, and the mechanisms by which they act. With these, we try to establish their roles as potential markers and viable diagnostic tools in these disorders.展开更多
Heat transport phenomenon of two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamie Casson fluid flow by employing Cattaneo-Christov heat diffusion theory is described in this work. The term of heat absorption/generation is incorporated...Heat transport phenomenon of two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamie Casson fluid flow by employing Cattaneo-Christov heat diffusion theory is described in this work. The term of heat absorption/generation is incorporated in the mathematical modeling of present flow problem. The governing mathematical expressions are solved for velocity and temperature profiles using RKF 45 method along with shooting technique. The importance of arising nonlinear quantities namely velocity, temperature, skin-friction and temperature gradient are elaborated via plots. It is explored that the Casson parameter retarded the liquid velocity while it enhances the fluid temperature. Fhrther, we noted that temperature and thickness of temperature boundary layer are weaker in case of Cattaneo-Christov heat diffusion model when matched with the profiles obtained for Fourier＇s theory of heat flux.展开更多
Ni?Co3O4 composite coatings were electrodeposited on mild steel surface from a Watts-type bath in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate(SLS).The dispersed Co3O4 particles in the presence of SLS have a greater tendency...Ni?Co3O4 composite coatings were electrodeposited on mild steel surface from a Watts-type bath in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate(SLS).The dispersed Co3O4 particles in the presence of SLS have a greater tendency to move towards cathode and get incorporated in the coating.SLS modifies chemical composition,surface morphology and microstructure of the Ni?Co3O4 composite coating.The developed composite coating exhibits higher corrosion resistance and microhardness than the pure nickel coating.The loadings of bath solution with different concentrations of Co3O4 particles in the presence of SLS provide hydrophobic nature to the coating surface,which is much effective in enhancing the corrosion resistance of Ni?Co3O4 composite coating.The agglomeration of Co3O4 particles(>3 g/L)under high bath load condition develops defects and dislocation on the coating surface,which results in lower corrosion resistance of the deposit.The mechanical properties of the hydrophobic coatings were assessed by the linear abrasion test.展开更多
Cloud computing, a recently emerged paradigm faces major challenges in achieving the privacy of migrated data, network security, etc. Too many cryptographic technologies are raised to solve these issues based on ident...Cloud computing, a recently emerged paradigm faces major challenges in achieving the privacy of migrated data, network security, etc. Too many cryptographic technologies are raised to solve these issues based on identity, attributes and prediction algorithms yet;these techniques are highly prone to attackers. This would raise a need of an effective encryption technique, which would ensure secure data migration. With this scenario, our proposed methodology Efficient Probabilistic Public Key Encryption(EPPKE) is optimized with Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategies(CMA-ES). It ensures data integrity through the Luhn algorithm with BLAKE 2b encapsulation. This enables an optimized security to the data which is migrated through cloud. The proposed methodology is implemented in Open Stack with Java Language. It achieves better results by providing security compared to other existing techniques like RSA, IBA, ABE, PBE, etc.展开更多
Cr-spinel bearing wehrlite rocks of Bangriposi are found within the multiply deformed metasedimentary rocks of Singhbhum Group belonging to North Singhbhum Mobile Belt of eastern India. Detailed mineralogical and geoc...Cr-spinel bearing wehrlite rocks of Bangriposi are found within the multiply deformed metasedimentary rocks of Singhbhum Group belonging to North Singhbhum Mobile Belt of eastern India. Detailed mineralogical and geochemical studies reveal that these rocks have suffered a two-stage alteration involving a deeper level modal and cryptic metasomatism and a subsequent shallower depth pervasive hydrothermal alteration. Cryptic metasomatism is defined by elevated LREE contents of the wehrlite and its clinopyroxne grains. Metasomatism induced changes in the modal mineralogy of the rocks include the absence of primary orthopyroxene grains, presence of secondary diopside-phlogopite（now present as vermiculite） defining disequilibrium reaction textures and secondary orthopyroxene rims around serpentinized olivine. The mineralogical and geochemical changes due to the metasomatic event present a contrasting picture in regard to the metasomatic history of the rocks. Possible scenarios involving a single stage or multiple stage metasomatism events have been discussed while explaining the metasomatic reactions that took place. An attempt has been made to estimate the REE concentrations of the final equilibrating melt from REE contents of clinopyroxene grains of the wehrlite. The possibility of the LREE-enriched equilibrating melt of the wehrlite rocks（the deeper level metasomatic agent） being similar to residual melts from the E-MORB type parental melts of nearby gabbro suite has been ruled out by geochemical modeling. REE abundance patterns of several natural enriched melts have been compared with REE pattern of calculated LREE-enriched equilibrating melt of the wehrlite and most resemblance has been observed with calcic and potassic melts. It is therefore suggested that the Cr-spinel bearing wehrlite rocks of Bangriposi has been affected by a calcio-potassic melt in deeper level, prior to the shallow level serpentinization event.展开更多
This paper aims to detect the short-term as well as long-term change point in the surface air temperature time series for Asansol weather observation station, West Bengal, India. Temperature data for the period from 1...This paper aims to detect the short-term as well as long-term change point in the surface air temperature time series for Asansol weather observation station, West Bengal, India. Temperature data for the period from 1941 to 2010 of the said weather observatory have been collected from Indian Meteorological Department, Kolkata. Variations and trends of annual mean temperature, annual mean maximum temperature and annual minimum temperature time series were examined. The cumulative sum charts (CUSUM) and bootstrapping were used for the detection of abrupt changes in the time series data set. Statistically significant abrupt changes and trends have been detected. The major change point in the annual mean temperatures occurred around 1986 (0.57°C) at the period of 25 years in the long-term regional scale. On the other side, the annual mean maximum and annual mean minimum temperatures have distinct change points at level 1. There are abrupt changes in the year 1961 (Confidence interval 1961, 1963) for the annual mean maximum and 1994 (Confidence interval 1993, 1996) for the annual mean minimum temperatures at a confidence level of 100% and 98%, respectively. Before the change, the annual mean maximum and annual mean minimum temperatures were 30.90°C and 23.99°C, respectively, while after the change, the temperatures became 33.93°C and 24.84°C, respectively. Over the entire period of consideration (1941-2010), 11 forward and backward changes were found in total. Out of 11, there are 3 changes (1961, 1986 and 2001) in annual mean temperatures, 4 changes (1957, 1961, 1980 and 1994) in annual mean maximum temperatures, and rest 4 changes (1968, 1981, 1994 and 2001) are associated with annual mean minimum temperature data set.展开更多
The Sommerfeld electrical conductivity is calculated in d dimensions following Boltzmann kinetic approach.At T = 0,the mathematical form of the electrical conductivity is found to remain invariant in any generalised s...The Sommerfeld electrical conductivity is calculated in d dimensions following Boltzmann kinetic approach.At T = 0,the mathematical form of the electrical conductivity is found to remain invariant in any generalised spatial(d)dimensions.展开更多
Researches are being carried out world-wide to understand the nature of temperature change during recent past at different geographical scales so that comprehensive inferences can be drawn about recent temperature tre...Researches are being carried out world-wide to understand the nature of temperature change during recent past at different geographical scales so that comprehensive inferences can be drawn about recent temperature trend and future climate. Detection of turning points in time series of meteorological parameters puts challenges to the researches. In this work, the temperature time series from 1941 to 2010 for Asansol observatory, West Bengal, India, has been considered to understand the nature, trends and change points in the data set using sequential version of Mann-Kendall test statistic. Literatures suggest that use of this test statistic is the most appropriate for detecting climatic abrupt changes as compared to other statistical tests in use. This method has been employed upon monthly average temperatures recorded over the said 70 years for detection of abrupt changes in the average temperature of each of the months. The approximate potential trend turning points have been calculated separately for each month (January to December). Sequential version of Mann-Kendall test statistic values for the months of July and August is significant at 95% confidence level (p 0.05). The average temperature for most of the other months has shown an increasing trend but more significant rise in July and August temperature has been recognized since 1960s.展开更多
Taurine is a sulfur-containing,semi-essential amino acid that occurs naturally in the body.It alternates between inflammation and oxidative stress-mediated injury in various disease models.As part of its limiting func...Taurine is a sulfur-containing,semi-essential amino acid that occurs naturally in the body.It alternates between inflammation and oxidative stress-mediated injury in various disease models.As part of its limiting functions,taurine also modulates endoplasmic reticulum stress,Ca^(2+)homeostasis,and neuronal activity at the molecular level.Taurine effectively protects against a number of neurological disorders,including stro ke,epilepsy,cerebral ischemia,memory dysfunction,and spinal cord injury.Although various therapies are available,effective management of these disorders remains a global challenge.Approximately 30 million people are affected worldwide.The design of taurine fo rmation co uld lead to potential drugs/supplements for the health maintenance and treatment of central nervous system disorders.The general neuroprotective effects of taurine and the various possible underlying mechanisms are discussed in this review.This article is a good resource for understanding the general effects of taurine on various diseases.Given the strong evidence for the neuropharmacological efficacy of taurine in various experimental paradigms,it is concluded that this molecule should be considered and further investigated as a potential candidate for neurotherapeutics,with emphasis on mechanism and clinical studies to determine efficacy.展开更多
This note concerns the problem of the robust stability of uncertain neutral systems with time-varying delay and saturating actuators. The system considered is continuous in time with norm bounded parametric uncertaint...This note concerns the problem of the robust stability of uncertain neutral systems with time-varying delay and saturating actuators. The system considered is continuous in time with norm bounded parametric uncertainties. By incorporating the free weighing matrix approach developed recently, some new delay-dependent stability conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities （LMIs） with some tuning parameters are obtained. An estimate of the domain of attraction of the closed-loop system under a priori designed controller is proposed. The approach is based on a polytopic description of the actuator saturation nonlinearities and the Lyapunov- Krasovskii method. Numerical examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method.展开更多
Fins are the extended surfaces through which heat transfer takes place by conduction and convection to keep the base surface cool. Fins of various configurations are presently used ranging from automobile engines to c...Fins are the extended surfaces through which heat transfer takes place by conduction and convection to keep the base surface cool. Fins of various configurations are presently used ranging from automobile engines to cooling of chip in a computer. Fins used presently are solid with different shapes but in the present research such solid fins are compared with solid fins having maximum of 10 numbers of embossing’s that further increases the surface area for maximum heat transfer. Importance in this research is given to variation of temperature along the length of the fins which in turn gives rate of heat transfer. Thus this research is under taken to increase the efficiency of fins (by extracting heat from the base surface) which is highly demanded today for air cooled engines, compressors, refrigerators etc. In the present research, SOLID70 element and SURF152 elements are used for FE analysis. Methodology involves 3D rectangular fin modelling and meshing, creation of surf elements for the modeling, applying the boundary conditions and source temperature, applying the material property (aluminum) to obtain the steady state thermal contours. FEA results are finally compared with analytic and experimental values for validity. In the present research, a solid rectangular aluminum fin and the same rectangular fin with 2, 4, 8 and 10 embossing’s were compared through finite element analysis for its temperature distribution along the length. FEA analysis of the present research showed that fins having embossing’s were more efficient compared to that a simple solid fin. Hence it is concluded from the present research that embossing’s at preferred locations further increases the rate of heat transfer. From the present analysis it is concluded that the mathematical and FEA for a solid rectangular fin without embossing’s are converging within ±1.2°C and rectangular fin with 10 embossing’s is converging within ±1.4°C and hence the validity.展开更多
This study presents the development of a comprehensive three-dimensional groundwater flow model for the Erbil Basin utilizing the Groundwater Modeling System(GMS).The Erbil Basin,situated in the Kurdistan Region of Ir...This study presents the development of a comprehensive three-dimensional groundwater flow model for the Erbil Basin utilizing the Groundwater Modeling System(GMS).The Erbil Basin,situated in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq,is a vital water resource area facing increasing water demands and environ-mental challenges.The three-dimensional nature of the groundwater flow system is crucial for accurately understanding and managing water resources in the basin.The modeling process involved data collection,geological and hydrogeological characterization,conceptual model development,and numerical simulation using GMS software MODFLOW 2000 package.Various parameters such as hydraulic conductivity,recharge rates,and boundary conditions were integrated into the model to represent the complex hydrogeo-logical conditions of the basin.Model calibration was performed by comparing simulated groundwater levels with observed data from monitoring wells across the basin,using the automatic calibration method of automated Parameter Estimation(PEST).Pilot points were applied to adjust the hydraulic conductivity in the model area spatially.Sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the influence of key parameters on model predictions and to identify areas of uncertainty.The developed three-dimensional groundwater flow model provides valuable insights into the dynamics of groundwater flow,recharge-discharge mechanisms,and potential impacts of future scenarios such as climate change and water resource management strategies.It serves as a useful tool for decision-makers,water resource managers,and researchers to evaluate differ-ent management scenarios and formulate sustainable groundwater management policies for the Erbil Basin.In conclusion,this study demonstrates the effectiveness of using GMS for developing three-dimensional groundwater flow models in complex hydrogeological settings like the Erbil Basin,contributing to improved understanding and management of groundwater resources in the region.展开更多
Strigolactones are plant hormones with multiple functions, including regulating various aspects of plant architecture such as shoot branching, facilitating the colonization of plant roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fun...Strigolactones are plant hormones with multiple functions, including regulating various aspects of plant architecture such as shoot branching, facilitating the colonization of plant roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and acting as seed germination stimulants for certain parasitic plants of the family Orobanchaceae. The obligate parasitic species Phelipanche aegyptiaca and Striga hermonthica require strigolactones for germination, while the facultative parasite Triphysaria versicolor does not. It has been hypothesized that P. aegyptiaca and S. hermonthica would have undergone evolutionary loss of strigolactone biosynthesis as a part of their mechanism to enable specific detection of exogenous strigolactones. We analyzed the transcriptomes of P. aegyptiaca, S. hermonthica and T. versicolor and identified genes known to act in strigolactone synthesis (D27, CCD7, CCD8, and MAX1), perception (MAX2 and D14) and transport (PDR12). These genes were then analyzed to assess likelihood of function. Transcripts of all strigolactone-related genes were found in P. aegyptiaca and S. hermonthica, and evidence points to their encoding functional proteins. Gene open reading frames were consistent with homologs from Arabidopsis and other strigolactone-producing plants, and all genes were expressed in parasite tissues. In general, the genes related to strigolactone synthesis and perception appeared to be evolving under codon-based selective constraints in strigolactone-dependent species. Bioassays of S. hermonthica root extracts indicated the presence of strigolactone class stimulants on germination of P. aegyptiaca seeds. Taken together, these results indicate that Phelipanche aegyptiaca and S. hermonthica have retained functional genes involved in strigolactone biosynthesis, suggesting that the parasites use both endogenous and exogenous strigolactones and have mechanisms to differentiate the two.展开更多
The dynamical response of spin-S(S=1, 3/2, 2, 3) Ising ferromagnet to the plane propagating wave, standing magnetic field wave and uniformly oscillating field with constant frequency are studied separately in two dime...The dynamical response of spin-S(S=1, 3/2, 2, 3) Ising ferromagnet to the plane propagating wave, standing magnetic field wave and uniformly oscillating field with constant frequency are studied separately in two dimensions by extensive Monte Carlo simulation. Depending upon the strength of the magnetic field and the value of the spin state of the Ising spin lattice two different dynamical phases are observed. For a fixed value of S and the amplitude of the propagating magnetic field wave the system undergoes a dynamical phase transition from propagating phase to pinned phase as the temperature of the system is cooled down. Similarly in case with standing magnetic wave the system undergoes dynamical phase transition from high temperature phase where spins oscillate coherently in alternate bands of half wavelength of the standing magnetic wave to the low temperature pinned or spin frozen phase. For a fixed value of the amplitude of magnetic field oscillation the transition temperature is observed to decrease to a limiting value as the value of spin S is increased. The time averaged magnetisation over a full cycle of the magnetic field oscillation plays the role of the dynamic order parameter. A comprehensive phase boundary is drawn in the plane of magnetic field amplitude and dynamic transition temperature. It is found that the phase boundary shrinks inwards for high value of spin state S.Also in the low temperature(and high field) region the phase boundaries are closely spaced.展开更多
We have studied the reversal of magnetisation in Ising ferromagnet by the field having gradient along a particular direction. We employed the Monte Carlo simulation with Metropolis single spin nip algorithm. The avera...We have studied the reversal of magnetisation in Ising ferromagnet by the field having gradient along a particular direction. We employed the Monte Carlo simulation with Metropolis single spin nip algorithm. The average lifetime of the metastable state was observed to increase with the magnitude of the gradient of applied field. In the high gradient regime, the system was observed to show two distinct region of up and down spins. The interface or the domain wall was observed to move as one increases the gradient. The displacement of the mean position of the interface was observed to increase with the gradient as hyperbolic tangent function. The roughness of the interface was observed to decay exponentially as the gradient increases. The number of spin flip per site was observed to show a discontinuity in the vicinity of the domain wall. The amount of the discontinuity was found to diverge with the system size as a power law fashion with an exponent 5/3.展开更多
Across the Himalayan foreland area,alluvial fans respond to fluvial depositional landforms created by active tectonics and are incorporated within hydro-sediment processes.Each tributary of the master stream has its w...Across the Himalayan foreland area,alluvial fans respond to fluvial depositional landforms created by active tectonics and are incorporated within hydro-sediment processes.Each tributary of the master stream has its water and sediment to discharge,which assists in initiating several mesolevel fans in response to the active tectonics in Jaldhaka basin.Along the mountain front,active MBT(Main Boundary Thrust),MFT(Main Frontal Thrust)and lineaments(parallel and transverse to Himalaya)have governed the tectonically active Quaternary foreland area where numerous meso-level fans have developed.The study aims to estimate the tectonic activeness of each meso-fan using the morphotectonic indicators.The tributaries of the Jaldhaka River are permuted to the recent tectonism or neotectonics to form each meso fan with its basin displaying the varying degree of their activeness and aggradation system.Statistical methods like technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)and VIKOR(Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija Kompromisno Resenje)that specify multicriteria optimization and compromise solution,in Serbian have ranked the Fan 2 as mostly active and Fan 4 is comparatively tectonically stable.The hydro-sediment characteristics reveal the topographic spatial dynamics of Fan 4 where lobe 3 has elevated from 1984-2014.The XRD analysis specifies the scientific key in response to the dominance of dolomite in the aggraded elevated bed sediments carried by the Rohtikhola River.The conceptual fan models of Fan 2and 4 display the fan development phases through four stages.It has clearly defined the extension of the fan lobes of Fan 2 and 4.It is summarized that within a common climatic zone and similar neo-tectonic setting,meso-level fans have differential morphotectonic signatures with dynamic aggradation processes.展开更多
We solve the equilibrium meanfield equation of state of Ising ferromagnet （obtained from Bragg-Williams theory） by Newton-Raphson method. The number of iterations required to get a convergent solution （within a spe...We solve the equilibrium meanfield equation of state of Ising ferromagnet （obtained from Bragg-Williams theory） by Newton-Raphson method. The number of iterations required to get a convergent solution （within a specified accuracy） of equilibrium magnetisation, at any particular temperature, is observed to diverge in a power law fashion as the temperature approaches the critical value. This is identified as the critical slowing down. The exponent is also estimated. This value of the exponent is compared with that obtained from analytic solution. Besides this, the numerical results are also compared with some experimental results exhibiting satisfactory degree of agreement. It is observed from this study that the information of the invariance of time scale at the critical point is present in the meanfield equilibrium equation of state of Ising ferromagnet.展开更多
Active tectonics in an area includes ongoing or recent geologic events.This paper investigates the tectonic influence on the subsidence,uplift and tilt of western Saurashtra through morphotectonic analysis of ten wate...Active tectonics in an area includes ongoing or recent geologic events.This paper investigates the tectonic influence on the subsidence,uplift and tilt of western Saurashtra through morphotectonic analysis of ten watersheds along with characteristics of relief and drainage orientation.Watersheds 7-9 to the north(N)are tectonically active,which can be linked with the North Kathiawar Fault System(NKFS)and followed by watersheds 6,10,1,4 and 5.Stream-length gradient index and sinuosity index indicate the effect of tectonic events along the master streams in watersheds 6-9.Higher R^(2)values of the linear curve fit for watershed 7 indicate its master stream is much more tectonically active than the others.The R^(2)curve fitting model and earthquake magnitude/depth analysis confirm the region to be active.The reactivation of the NKFS most likely led to the vertical movement of western Saurashtra.展开更多
基金funded by UKRI EPSRC Grant EP/W020408/1 Project SPRITE+2:The Security,Privacy,Identity and Trust Engagement Network plus(phase 2)for this studyThe authors also have been funded by PhD project RS718 on Explainable AI through UKRI EPSRC Grant funded Doctoral Training Centre at Swansea University.
文摘With cloud computing,large chunks of data can be handled at a small cost.However,there are some reservations regarding the security and privacy of cloud data stored.For solving these issues and enhancing cloud computing security,this research provides a Three-Layered Security Access model(TLSA)aligned to an intrusion detection mechanism,access control mechanism,and data encryption system.The TLSA underlines the need for the protection of sensitive data.This proposed approach starts with Layer 1 data encryption using the Advanced Encryption Standard(AES).For data transfer and storage,this encryption guarantees the data’s authenticity and secrecy.Surprisingly,the solution employs the AES encryption algorithm to secure essential data before storing them in the Cloud to minimize unauthorized access.Role-based access control(RBAC)implements the second strategic level,which ensures specific personnel access certain data and resources.In RBAC,each user is allowed a specific role and Permission.This implies that permitted users can access some data stored in the Cloud.This layer assists in filtering granular access to data,reducing the risk that undesired data will be discovered during the process.Layer 3 deals with intrusion detection systems(IDS),which detect and quickly deal with malicious actions and intrusion attempts.The proposed TLSA security model of e-commerce includes conventional levels of security,such as encryption and access control,and encloses an insight intrusion detection system.This method offers integrated solutions for most typical security issues of cloud computing,including data secrecy,method of access,and threats.An extensive performance test was carried out to confirm the efficiency of the proposed three-tier security method.Comparisons have been made with state-of-art techniques,including DES,RSA,and DUAL-RSA,keeping into account Accuracy,QILV,F-Measure,Sensitivity,MSE,PSNR,SSIM,and computation time,encryption time,and decryption time.The proposed TLSA method provides an accuracy of 89.23%,F-Measure of 0.876,and SSIM of 0.8564 at a computation time of 5.7 s.A comparison with existing methods shows the better performance of the proposed method,thus confirming the enhanced ability to address security issues in cloud computing.
文摘Long non coding RNAs(lncRNAs) are non-protein or low-protein coding transcripts that contain more than 200 nucleotides. They representing a large share of the cell’s transcriptional output, demonstrate functional attributes viz. tissue-specific expression, determination of cell fate, controlled expression, RNA processing and editing, dosage compensation, genomic imprinting, conserved evolutionary traits etc. These long non coding variants are well associated with pathogenicity of various diseases including the neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease etc. Neurological disorders are widespread and there knowing the underlying mechanisms become crucial. The lncRNAs take part in the pathogenesis by a plethora of mechanisms like decoy, scaffold, mi-RNA sequestrator, histone modifiers and in transcriptional interference. Detailed knowledge of the role of lncRNAs can help to use them further as novel biomarkers for therapeutic aspects. Here, in this review we discuss regulation and functional roles of lncRNAs in eight neurological diseases and psychiatric disorders, and the mechanisms by which they act. With these, we try to establish their roles as potential markers and viable diagnostic tools in these disorders.
文摘Heat transport phenomenon of two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamie Casson fluid flow by employing Cattaneo-Christov heat diffusion theory is described in this work. The term of heat absorption/generation is incorporated in the mathematical modeling of present flow problem. The governing mathematical expressions are solved for velocity and temperature profiles using RKF 45 method along with shooting technique. The importance of arising nonlinear quantities namely velocity, temperature, skin-friction and temperature gradient are elaborated via plots. It is explored that the Casson parameter retarded the liquid velocity while it enhances the fluid temperature. Fhrther, we noted that temperature and thickness of temperature boundary layer are weaker in case of Cattaneo-Christov heat diffusion model when matched with the profiles obtained for Fourier＇s theory of heat flux.
基金UGC, New Delhi, India, for the award of Post-Doctoral Fellowship to K.O.Nayana(Award No: F.15-1/2015-16/PDFWM-2015-17KAR-31527(SA-Ⅱ))
文摘Ni?Co3O4 composite coatings were electrodeposited on mild steel surface from a Watts-type bath in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate(SLS).The dispersed Co3O4 particles in the presence of SLS have a greater tendency to move towards cathode and get incorporated in the coating.SLS modifies chemical composition,surface morphology and microstructure of the Ni?Co3O4 composite coating.The developed composite coating exhibits higher corrosion resistance and microhardness than the pure nickel coating.The loadings of bath solution with different concentrations of Co3O4 particles in the presence of SLS provide hydrophobic nature to the coating surface,which is much effective in enhancing the corrosion resistance of Ni?Co3O4 composite coating.The agglomeration of Co3O4 particles(>3 g/L)under high bath load condition develops defects and dislocation on the coating surface,which results in lower corrosion resistance of the deposit.The mechanical properties of the hydrophobic coatings were assessed by the linear abrasion test.
文摘Cloud computing, a recently emerged paradigm faces major challenges in achieving the privacy of migrated data, network security, etc. Too many cryptographic technologies are raised to solve these issues based on identity, attributes and prediction algorithms yet;these techniques are highly prone to attackers. This would raise a need of an effective encryption technique, which would ensure secure data migration. With this scenario, our proposed methodology Efficient Probabilistic Public Key Encryption(EPPKE) is optimized with Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategies(CMA-ES). It ensures data integrity through the Luhn algorithm with BLAKE 2b encapsulation. This enables an optimized security to the data which is migrated through cloud. The proposed methodology is implemented in Open Stack with Java Language. It achieves better results by providing security compared to other existing techniques like RSA, IBA, ABE, PBE, etc.
基金the Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi, India for providing the funds to carry out this research work (Grant No. SR/S4/ES-646/2012)
文摘Cr-spinel bearing wehrlite rocks of Bangriposi are found within the multiply deformed metasedimentary rocks of Singhbhum Group belonging to North Singhbhum Mobile Belt of eastern India. Detailed mineralogical and geochemical studies reveal that these rocks have suffered a two-stage alteration involving a deeper level modal and cryptic metasomatism and a subsequent shallower depth pervasive hydrothermal alteration. Cryptic metasomatism is defined by elevated LREE contents of the wehrlite and its clinopyroxne grains. Metasomatism induced changes in the modal mineralogy of the rocks include the absence of primary orthopyroxene grains, presence of secondary diopside-phlogopite（now present as vermiculite） defining disequilibrium reaction textures and secondary orthopyroxene rims around serpentinized olivine. The mineralogical and geochemical changes due to the metasomatic event present a contrasting picture in regard to the metasomatic history of the rocks. Possible scenarios involving a single stage or multiple stage metasomatism events have been discussed while explaining the metasomatic reactions that took place. An attempt has been made to estimate the REE concentrations of the final equilibrating melt from REE contents of clinopyroxene grains of the wehrlite. The possibility of the LREE-enriched equilibrating melt of the wehrlite rocks（the deeper level metasomatic agent） being similar to residual melts from the E-MORB type parental melts of nearby gabbro suite has been ruled out by geochemical modeling. REE abundance patterns of several natural enriched melts have been compared with REE pattern of calculated LREE-enriched equilibrating melt of the wehrlite and most resemblance has been observed with calcic and potassic melts. It is therefore suggested that the Cr-spinel bearing wehrlite rocks of Bangriposi has been affected by a calcio-potassic melt in deeper level, prior to the shallow level serpentinization event.
文摘This paper aims to detect the short-term as well as long-term change point in the surface air temperature time series for Asansol weather observation station, West Bengal, India. Temperature data for the period from 1941 to 2010 of the said weather observatory have been collected from Indian Meteorological Department, Kolkata. Variations and trends of annual mean temperature, annual mean maximum temperature and annual minimum temperature time series were examined. The cumulative sum charts (CUSUM) and bootstrapping were used for the detection of abrupt changes in the time series data set. Statistically significant abrupt changes and trends have been detected. The major change point in the annual mean temperatures occurred around 1986 (0.57°C) at the period of 25 years in the long-term regional scale. On the other side, the annual mean maximum and annual mean minimum temperatures have distinct change points at level 1. There are abrupt changes in the year 1961 (Confidence interval 1961, 1963) for the annual mean maximum and 1994 (Confidence interval 1993, 1996) for the annual mean minimum temperatures at a confidence level of 100% and 98%, respectively. Before the change, the annual mean maximum and annual mean minimum temperatures were 30.90°C and 23.99°C, respectively, while after the change, the temperatures became 33.93°C and 24.84°C, respectively. Over the entire period of consideration (1941-2010), 11 forward and backward changes were found in total. Out of 11, there are 3 changes (1961, 1986 and 2001) in annual mean temperatures, 4 changes (1957, 1961, 1980 and 1994) in annual mean maximum temperatures, and rest 4 changes (1968, 1981, 1994 and 2001) are associated with annual mean minimum temperature data set.
文摘The Sommerfeld electrical conductivity is calculated in d dimensions following Boltzmann kinetic approach.At T = 0,the mathematical form of the electrical conductivity is found to remain invariant in any generalised spatial(d)dimensions.
文摘Researches are being carried out world-wide to understand the nature of temperature change during recent past at different geographical scales so that comprehensive inferences can be drawn about recent temperature trend and future climate. Detection of turning points in time series of meteorological parameters puts challenges to the researches. In this work, the temperature time series from 1941 to 2010 for Asansol observatory, West Bengal, India, has been considered to understand the nature, trends and change points in the data set using sequential version of Mann-Kendall test statistic. Literatures suggest that use of this test statistic is the most appropriate for detecting climatic abrupt changes as compared to other statistical tests in use. This method has been employed upon monthly average temperatures recorded over the said 70 years for detection of abrupt changes in the average temperature of each of the months. The approximate potential trend turning points have been calculated separately for each month (January to December). Sequential version of Mann-Kendall test statistic values for the months of July and August is significant at 95% confidence level (p 0.05). The average temperature for most of the other months has shown an increasing trend but more significant rise in July and August temperature has been recognized since 1960s.
文摘Taurine is a sulfur-containing,semi-essential amino acid that occurs naturally in the body.It alternates between inflammation and oxidative stress-mediated injury in various disease models.As part of its limiting functions,taurine also modulates endoplasmic reticulum stress,Ca^(2+)homeostasis,and neuronal activity at the molecular level.Taurine effectively protects against a number of neurological disorders,including stro ke,epilepsy,cerebral ischemia,memory dysfunction,and spinal cord injury.Although various therapies are available,effective management of these disorders remains a global challenge.Approximately 30 million people are affected worldwide.The design of taurine fo rmation co uld lead to potential drugs/supplements for the health maintenance and treatment of central nervous system disorders.The general neuroprotective effects of taurine and the various possible underlying mechanisms are discussed in this review.This article is a good resource for understanding the general effects of taurine on various diseases.Given the strong evidence for the neuropharmacological efficacy of taurine in various experimental paradigms,it is concluded that this molecule should be considered and further investigated as a potential candidate for neurotherapeutics,with emphasis on mechanism and clinical studies to determine efficacy.
文摘This note concerns the problem of the robust stability of uncertain neutral systems with time-varying delay and saturating actuators. The system considered is continuous in time with norm bounded parametric uncertainties. By incorporating the free weighing matrix approach developed recently, some new delay-dependent stability conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities （LMIs） with some tuning parameters are obtained. An estimate of the domain of attraction of the closed-loop system under a priori designed controller is proposed. The approach is based on a polytopic description of the actuator saturation nonlinearities and the Lyapunov- Krasovskii method. Numerical examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method.
文摘Fins are the extended surfaces through which heat transfer takes place by conduction and convection to keep the base surface cool. Fins of various configurations are presently used ranging from automobile engines to cooling of chip in a computer. Fins used presently are solid with different shapes but in the present research such solid fins are compared with solid fins having maximum of 10 numbers of embossing’s that further increases the surface area for maximum heat transfer. Importance in this research is given to variation of temperature along the length of the fins which in turn gives rate of heat transfer. Thus this research is under taken to increase the efficiency of fins (by extracting heat from the base surface) which is highly demanded today for air cooled engines, compressors, refrigerators etc. In the present research, SOLID70 element and SURF152 elements are used for FE analysis. Methodology involves 3D rectangular fin modelling and meshing, creation of surf elements for the modeling, applying the boundary conditions and source temperature, applying the material property (aluminum) to obtain the steady state thermal contours. FEA results are finally compared with analytic and experimental values for validity. In the present research, a solid rectangular aluminum fin and the same rectangular fin with 2, 4, 8 and 10 embossing’s were compared through finite element analysis for its temperature distribution along the length. FEA analysis of the present research showed that fins having embossing’s were more efficient compared to that a simple solid fin. Hence it is concluded from the present research that embossing’s at preferred locations further increases the rate of heat transfer. From the present analysis it is concluded that the mathematical and FEA for a solid rectangular fin without embossing’s are converging within ±1.2°C and rectangular fin with 10 embossing’s is converging within ±1.4°C and hence the validity.
文摘This study presents the development of a comprehensive three-dimensional groundwater flow model for the Erbil Basin utilizing the Groundwater Modeling System(GMS).The Erbil Basin,situated in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq,is a vital water resource area facing increasing water demands and environ-mental challenges.The three-dimensional nature of the groundwater flow system is crucial for accurately understanding and managing water resources in the basin.The modeling process involved data collection,geological and hydrogeological characterization,conceptual model development,and numerical simulation using GMS software MODFLOW 2000 package.Various parameters such as hydraulic conductivity,recharge rates,and boundary conditions were integrated into the model to represent the complex hydrogeo-logical conditions of the basin.Model calibration was performed by comparing simulated groundwater levels with observed data from monitoring wells across the basin,using the automatic calibration method of automated Parameter Estimation(PEST).Pilot points were applied to adjust the hydraulic conductivity in the model area spatially.Sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the influence of key parameters on model predictions and to identify areas of uncertainty.The developed three-dimensional groundwater flow model provides valuable insights into the dynamics of groundwater flow,recharge-discharge mechanisms,and potential impacts of future scenarios such as climate change and water resource management strategies.It serves as a useful tool for decision-makers,water resource managers,and researchers to evaluate differ-ent management scenarios and formulate sustainable groundwater management policies for the Erbil Basin.In conclusion,this study demonstrates the effectiveness of using GMS for developing three-dimensional groundwater flow models in complex hydrogeological settings like the Erbil Basin,contributing to improved understanding and management of groundwater resources in the region.
文摘Strigolactones are plant hormones with multiple functions, including regulating various aspects of plant architecture such as shoot branching, facilitating the colonization of plant roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and acting as seed germination stimulants for certain parasitic plants of the family Orobanchaceae. The obligate parasitic species Phelipanche aegyptiaca and Striga hermonthica require strigolactones for germination, while the facultative parasite Triphysaria versicolor does not. It has been hypothesized that P. aegyptiaca and S. hermonthica would have undergone evolutionary loss of strigolactone biosynthesis as a part of their mechanism to enable specific detection of exogenous strigolactones. We analyzed the transcriptomes of P. aegyptiaca, S. hermonthica and T. versicolor and identified genes known to act in strigolactone synthesis (D27, CCD7, CCD8, and MAX1), perception (MAX2 and D14) and transport (PDR12). These genes were then analyzed to assess likelihood of function. Transcripts of all strigolactone-related genes were found in P. aegyptiaca and S. hermonthica, and evidence points to their encoding functional proteins. Gene open reading frames were consistent with homologs from Arabidopsis and other strigolactone-producing plants, and all genes were expressed in parasite tissues. In general, the genes related to strigolactone synthesis and perception appeared to be evolving under codon-based selective constraints in strigolactone-dependent species. Bioassays of S. hermonthica root extracts indicated the presence of strigolactone class stimulants on germination of P. aegyptiaca seeds. Taken together, these results indicate that Phelipanche aegyptiaca and S. hermonthica have retained functional genes involved in strigolactone biosynthesis, suggesting that the parasites use both endogenous and exogenous strigolactones and have mechanisms to differentiate the two.
文摘The dynamical response of spin-S(S=1, 3/2, 2, 3) Ising ferromagnet to the plane propagating wave, standing magnetic field wave and uniformly oscillating field with constant frequency are studied separately in two dimensions by extensive Monte Carlo simulation. Depending upon the strength of the magnetic field and the value of the spin state of the Ising spin lattice two different dynamical phases are observed. For a fixed value of S and the amplitude of the propagating magnetic field wave the system undergoes a dynamical phase transition from propagating phase to pinned phase as the temperature of the system is cooled down. Similarly in case with standing magnetic wave the system undergoes dynamical phase transition from high temperature phase where spins oscillate coherently in alternate bands of half wavelength of the standing magnetic wave to the low temperature pinned or spin frozen phase. For a fixed value of the amplitude of magnetic field oscillation the transition temperature is observed to decrease to a limiting value as the value of spin S is increased. The time averaged magnetisation over a full cycle of the magnetic field oscillation plays the role of the dynamic order parameter. A comprehensive phase boundary is drawn in the plane of magnetic field amplitude and dynamic transition temperature. It is found that the phase boundary shrinks inwards for high value of spin state S.Also in the low temperature(and high field) region the phase boundaries are closely spaced.
文摘We have studied the reversal of magnetisation in Ising ferromagnet by the field having gradient along a particular direction. We employed the Monte Carlo simulation with Metropolis single spin nip algorithm. The average lifetime of the metastable state was observed to increase with the magnitude of the gradient of applied field. In the high gradient regime, the system was observed to show two distinct region of up and down spins. The interface or the domain wall was observed to move as one increases the gradient. The displacement of the mean position of the interface was observed to increase with the gradient as hyperbolic tangent function. The roughness of the interface was observed to decay exponentially as the gradient increases. The number of spin flip per site was observed to show a discontinuity in the vicinity of the domain wall. The amount of the discontinuity was found to diverge with the system size as a power law fashion with an exponent 5/3.
文摘Across the Himalayan foreland area,alluvial fans respond to fluvial depositional landforms created by active tectonics and are incorporated within hydro-sediment processes.Each tributary of the master stream has its water and sediment to discharge,which assists in initiating several mesolevel fans in response to the active tectonics in Jaldhaka basin.Along the mountain front,active MBT(Main Boundary Thrust),MFT(Main Frontal Thrust)and lineaments(parallel and transverse to Himalaya)have governed the tectonically active Quaternary foreland area where numerous meso-level fans have developed.The study aims to estimate the tectonic activeness of each meso-fan using the morphotectonic indicators.The tributaries of the Jaldhaka River are permuted to the recent tectonism or neotectonics to form each meso fan with its basin displaying the varying degree of their activeness and aggradation system.Statistical methods like technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)and VIKOR(Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija Kompromisno Resenje)that specify multicriteria optimization and compromise solution,in Serbian have ranked the Fan 2 as mostly active and Fan 4 is comparatively tectonically stable.The hydro-sediment characteristics reveal the topographic spatial dynamics of Fan 4 where lobe 3 has elevated from 1984-2014.The XRD analysis specifies the scientific key in response to the dominance of dolomite in the aggraded elevated bed sediments carried by the Rohtikhola River.The conceptual fan models of Fan 2and 4 display the fan development phases through four stages.It has clearly defined the extension of the fan lobes of Fan 2 and 4.It is summarized that within a common climatic zone and similar neo-tectonic setting,meso-level fans have differential morphotectonic signatures with dynamic aggradation processes.
文摘We solve the equilibrium meanfield equation of state of Ising ferromagnet （obtained from Bragg-Williams theory） by Newton-Raphson method. The number of iterations required to get a convergent solution （within a specified accuracy） of equilibrium magnetisation, at any particular temperature, is observed to diverge in a power law fashion as the temperature approaches the critical value. This is identified as the critical slowing down. The exponent is also estimated. This value of the exponent is compared with that obtained from analytic solution. Besides this, the numerical results are also compared with some experimental results exhibiting satisfactory degree of agreement. It is observed from this study that the information of the invariance of time scale at the critical point is present in the meanfield equilibrium equation of state of Ising ferromagnet.
基金Research Development Fund(IIT Bombay)supported SM。
文摘Active tectonics in an area includes ongoing or recent geologic events.This paper investigates the tectonic influence on the subsidence,uplift and tilt of western Saurashtra through morphotectonic analysis of ten watersheds along with characteristics of relief and drainage orientation.Watersheds 7-9 to the north(N)are tectonically active,which can be linked with the North Kathiawar Fault System(NKFS)and followed by watersheds 6,10,1,4 and 5.Stream-length gradient index and sinuosity index indicate the effect of tectonic events along the master streams in watersheds 6-9.Higher R^(2)values of the linear curve fit for watershed 7 indicate its master stream is much more tectonically active than the others.The R^(2)curve fitting model and earthquake magnitude/depth analysis confirm the region to be active.The reactivation of the NKFS most likely led to the vertical movement of western Saurashtra.
