In order to increase the stability of the Mongolia power system, a single-phase automatic reclosing device (SPAR) was introduced on double-circuit power lines built with a size of 330 kV, operating on a voltage of 220...In order to increase the stability of the Mongolia power system, a single-phase automatic reclosing device (SPAR) was introduced on double-circuit power lines built with a size of 330 kV, operating on a voltage of 220 kV and a length of 250 km. These overhead power lines (L-213, L-214) connect the 220/110/35 kV “Songino” substation with the “Mandal” substation and form system networks. This paper presents the challenges encountered when implementing single-phase automatic reclosing (SPAR) devices and compares the changes in power system parameters before and after SPAR deployment for a long 220 kV line. Simulations and analyses were carried out using DIgSILENT PowerFactory software, focusing on rotor angle stability, and the overall impact on the power system during short-circuit faults. The evaluation also utilized measurement data from the Wide Area Monitoring System (WAMS) to compare system behavior pre- and post-implementation of SPAR. The findings reveal that SPAR significantly enhances system reliability and stability, effectively mitigating the risk of oscillations and stability loss triggered by short circuits. This improvement contributes to a more resilient power system, reducing the potential for disturbances caused by faults.展开更多
This work describes a simple yet powerful scalable solution chemistry strategy to create back‐contact rich interfaces between substrates such as commercial transparent conducting fluorine‐doped tin oxide coated glas...This work describes a simple yet powerful scalable solution chemistry strategy to create back‐contact rich interfaces between substrates such as commercial transparent conducting fluorine‐doped tin oxide coated glass(FTO)and photoactive thin films such as hematite for low‐cost water oxidation reaction.High‐resolution electron microscopy(SEM,TEM,STEM),atomic force microscopy(AFM),elemental chemical mapping(EELS,EDS)and photoelectrochemical(PEC)investigations reveal that the mechanical stress,lattice mismatch,electron energy barrier,and voids between FTO and hematite at the back‐contact interface as well as short‐circuit and detrimental reaction between FTO and the electrolyte can be alleviated by engineering the chemical composition of the precursor solutions,thus increasing the overall efficiency of these low‐cost photoanodes for water oxidation reaction for a clean and sustainable generation of hydrogen from PEC water‐splitting.These findings are of significant importance to improve the charge collection efficiency by minimizing electron‐hole recombination observed at back‐contact interfaces and grain boundaries in mesoporous electrodes,thus improving the overall efficiency and scalability of low‐cost PEC water splitting devices.展开更多
The configuration of a hybrid energy storage system(HESS)plays a pivotal role in mitigating wind power fluctuations and enabling primary frequency regulation,thereby enhancing the active power support capability of wi...The configuration of a hybrid energy storage system(HESS)plays a pivotal role in mitigating wind power fluctuations and enabling primary frequency regulation,thereby enhancing the active power support capability of wind power integration systems.However,most existing studies on HESS capacity configuration overlook the selfrecovery control of the state of charge(SOC),creating challenges in sustaining capacity during long-term operation.This omission can impair frequency regulation performance,increase capacity requirements,and shorten battery lifespan.To address these challenges,this study proposes a bi-level planning–operation capacity configuration model that explicitly incorporates SOC self-recovery control.In the operation layer,a variable-baseline charging/discharging strategy is developed to restore SOC by balancing positive and negative energy over a 24-h period,with the goal of maximizing daily operational benefits.In the planning layer,the annualized net life-cycle cost of the HESS isminimized by configuring storage capacity based on feedback fromthe operation layer.Thetwo layers operate iteratively to achieve coordinated optimization of capacity sizing and control strategy.Case study results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.Compared with a configuration without considering SOC self-recovery,the proposed approach reduces the 1-min wind power fluctuation rate to 3.53%,lowers the mean squared frequency error to 0.000084,and decreases the annualized net life-cycle cost by 545,000 CNY/MWh.展开更多
Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)are widely used in various fields owing to their unique properties.In this study,three different types of nitrogen-doped CNT heterojunctions were constructed:parallel-doped(PCNT),vertically doped...Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)are widely used in various fields owing to their unique properties.In this study,three different types of nitrogen-doped CNT heterojunctions were constructed:parallel-doped(PCNT),vertically doped(VCNT),and mesh-doped(MCNT).Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics(NEMD)simulations were conducted to investigate their heat flux and thermal rectification(TR)effects.The results show that heat flux preferentially flows from nitrogen-doped regions to undoped regions,exhibiting distinct thermal rectification behavior,with PCNT showing the most pronounced effect.Interestingly,the TR ratio of the zigzag PCNT is significantly higher than that of the armchair PCNT.Subsequently,we examined the effects of system length and diameter on the TR ratio of the PCNT and found that the TR ratio increases and then decreases with increasing model length.In addition,the effect of defect density on the heat flux of the PCNT is peculiar.The phonon density of states,phonon dispersion,participation ratio,and phonon spectral heat flux were analyzed to elucidate the thermal transport behavior of phonons in the nanotubes.This study provides insights into the development and design of nitrogen-doped CNT thermal rectifiers.展开更多
As one of the core components of a magnetic refrigerator,magnetic refrigeration materials are expected to have not only a considerable magnetocaloric effect but also excellent thermal conductivity.The poor thermal con...As one of the core components of a magnetic refrigerator,magnetic refrigeration materials are expected to have not only a considerable magnetocaloric effect but also excellent thermal conductivity.The poor thermal conductivity of many competitive oxide-based magnetic refrigerants,exemplified by EuTiO3-based compounds,acts as a major limitation to their practical application.Therefore,improving the thermal conductivity of magnetic refrigeration materials has become a research emphasis of magnetic refrigeration in recent years.In this work,a series of EuTiO_(3)(ETO)/Cu composites with different copper additives was prepared using a solid-phase reaction method by introducing appropriate amounts of copper powder.The influence of the introduction of copper on the phase composition,microstructure,thermal conductivity,and magnetocaloric effect of the composites was systematically investigated.Unexpectedly,the thermal conductivity of the composites is enhanced by up to 260%due to copper addition,accompanied by only a 5%decrease in magnetic entropy change and refrigerating capacity.Copper additive forms localized thermal conductive networks and promotes the densification process,resulting in significantly enhanced thermal conductivity of the composites.This work demonstrates the feasibility of improving the thermal conductivity of oxide-base d magnetic refrigeration materials by introducing highly thermally conductive substances.展开更多
Frustrated lanthanide oxides with dense magnetic lattice and suppressed ordering temperature have potential applications in cryogenic magnetic refrigeration.Herein,the crystal structure,magnetic properties,magnetic ph...Frustrated lanthanide oxides with dense magnetic lattice and suppressed ordering temperature have potential applications in cryogenic magnetic refrigeration.Herein,the crystal structure,magnetic properties,magnetic phase transition(MPT)together with magnetocaloric effect(MCE)of LnOF(Ln=Gd,Dy,Ho,and Er)compounds were investigated.Crystallographic study shows that these compounds crystallize in the centrosymmetric space group R3m with an ideal triangular lattice.No long-range magnetic ordering is observed above 2 K for LnOF(Ln=Gd,Ho,and Er).However,DyOF compound undergoes an MPT from paramagnetic(PM)to antiferromagnetic(AFM)at the Neel temperature(TN≈4 K).Considerable reversible MCE is observed in these triangular-lattice compounds.Under the magnetic field change(μ0ΔH)of 0-2 T,the maximum values of magnetic entropy change(-ΔSMmax)of them are 6.1,9.4,12.7,and 14.1 J/(kg·K),respectively.Interestingly,the value of ErOF with Ising-like spin is 2.3 times that of GdOF,which provides an approach for exploring magnetic refrigerants with excellent low-field cryogenic magnetocaloric effect.展开更多
Magnetic refrigeration(MR)technology is regarded as an ideal solution for cryogenic applications,relying on magnetocaloric materials which provide necessary chilling effect.A series of polycrystalline Tm_(1-x)Er_(x)Ni...Magnetic refrigeration(MR)technology is regarded as an ideal solution for cryogenic applications,relying on magnetocaloric materials which provide necessary chilling effect.A series of polycrystalline Tm_(1-x)Er_(x)Ni_(2)Si_(2)(x=0.2,0.4)compounds was synthesized,and their magnetic properties,magnetic phase transition together with magnetocaloric effect(MCE)were studied.The Tm_(1-x)Er_(x)Ni_(2)Si_(2)(x=0.2,0.4)compounds display a field-induced metamagnetic transition from antiferromagnetic(AFM)to ferromagnetism(FM)in excess of 0.2 T,respectively.Meanwhile,the AFM ground state is unstable.Under the field change of 0-2 T,the values of maximal magnetic entropy change(-ΔS_(M)^(max))and refrigerant capacity(RC)for Tm_(0.8)Er_(0.2)Ni_(2)Si_(2)compound are 17.9 J/(kg·K)and 83.5 J/kg,respectively.The large reversible MCE under low magnetic fields(≤2 T)indicates that Tm_(0.8)Er_(0.2)Ni_(2)Si_(2)compound can serve as potential candidate materials for cryogenic magnetic refrigeration.展开更多
With the intensification of the energy crisis and the worsening greenhouse effect,the development of sustainable integrated energy systems(IES)has become a crucial direction for energy transition.In this context,this ...With the intensification of the energy crisis and the worsening greenhouse effect,the development of sustainable integrated energy systems(IES)has become a crucial direction for energy transition.In this context,this paper proposes a low-carbon economic dispatch strategy under the green hydrogen certificate trading(GHCT)and the ladder-type carbon emission trading(CET)mechanism,enabling the coordinated utilization of green and blue hydrogen.Specifically,a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer(PEME)model that accounts for dynamic efficiency characteristics,and a steam methane reforming(SMR)model incorporating waste heat recovery,are developed.Based on these models,a hydrogen production–storage–utilization framework is established to enable the coordinated deployment of green and blue hydrogen.Furthermore,the gas turbine(GT)unit are retrofitted using oxygenenriched combustion carbon capture(OCC)technology,wherein the oxygen produced by PEME is employed to create an oxygen-enriched combustion environment.This approach reduces energy waste and facilitates low-carbon power generation.In addition,the GHCT mechanism is integrated into the system alongside the ladder-type CET mechanism,and their complementary effects are investigated.A comprehensive optimization model is then formulated to simultaneously achieve carbon reduction and economic efficiency across the system.Case study results show that the proposed strategy reduces wind curtailment by 7.77%,carbon emissions by 65.98%,and total cost by 12.57%.This study offers theoretical reference for the low-carbon,economic,and efficient operation of future energy systems.展开更多
Recent interest in photocatalytic water splitting has intensified the demand in the development of photocatalysts capable of harnessing the full solar-spectrum.This study introduces a novel WO_(x)/ZnIn_(2)S_(4)Zscheme...Recent interest in photocatalytic water splitting has intensified the demand in the development of photocatalysts capable of harnessing the full solar-spectrum.This study introduces a novel WO_(x)/ZnIn_(2)S_(4)Zscheme heterojunction,prepared by depositing ZnIn_(2)S_(4)(ZIS)nanosheets onto WO_(x)nanorods,enabling efficient photothermal-coupled photocatalytic H_(2)evolution.The success relies on the engineered oxygen vacancies within WO_(x)nanorods,which not only confer excellent photothermal properties lowering the reaction barrier but also create defect levels in WO_(x)facilitating Z-scheme electron transfer from these levels to the valence band of ZIS.Consequently,the optimized WO_(x)/ZIS heterojunction exhibits a remarkable H_(2)evolution rate of 33.91 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1)with an apparent quantum efficiency of 23.6%at 400 nm.This study provides a new strategy for developing efficient Z-scheme heterojunctions with broadspectrum solar hydrogen production capabilities.展开更多
In Saharan climates,greenhouses face extreme diurnal temperature fluctuations that generate thermal stress,reduce crop productivity,and hinder sustainable agricultural practices.Passive thermal storage using Phase Cha...In Saharan climates,greenhouses face extreme diurnal temperature fluctuations that generate thermal stress,reduce crop productivity,and hinder sustainable agricultural practices.Passive thermal storage using Phase Change Materials(PCM)is a promising solution to stabilize microclimatic conditions.This study aims to evaluate experimentally and numerically the effectiveness of PCM integration for moderating greenhouse temperature fluctuations under Saharan climatic conditions.Two identical greenhouse prototypes were constructed in Ghardaia,Algeria:a reference greenhouse and a PCM-integrated greenhouse using calcium chloride hexahydrate(CaCl_(2)⋅6H_(2)O).Thermal performance was assessed during a five-day experimental period(7–11May 2025)under severe ambient conditions.To complement this,a Nonlinear Auto-Regressive with eXogenous inputs(NARX)neural network model was developed and trained using a larger dataset(7–25 May 2025)to predict greenhouse thermal dynamics.The PCM greenhouse reduced peak daytime air temperature by an average of 8.14℃and decreased the diurnal temperature amplitude by 53.6%compared to the reference greenhouse.The NARX model achieved high predictive accuracy(R^(2)=0.990,RMSE=0.425℃,MAE=0.223℃,MBE=0.008℃),capturing both sensible and latent heat transfer mechanisms,including PCM melting and solidification.The combined experimental and predictive modeling results confirm the potential of PCM integration as an effective passive thermal regulation strategy for greenhouses in arid regions.This approach enhances microclimatic stability,improves energy efficiency,and supports the sustainability of protected agriculture under extreme climatic conditions.展开更多
Based on the rapid advancements in nanomaterials and nanotechnology,the Nanofluidic Reverse Electrodialysis(NRED)has attracted significant attention as an innovative and promising energy conversion strategy for extrac...Based on the rapid advancements in nanomaterials and nanotechnology,the Nanofluidic Reverse Electrodialysis(NRED)has attracted significant attention as an innovative and promising energy conversion strategy for extracting sustainable and clean energy fromthe salinity gradient energy.However,the scarcity of research investigating the intricate multi-factor coupling effects on the energy conversion performance,especially the trade-offs between ion selectivity and mass transfer in nanochannels,of NRED poses a great challenge to achieving breakthroughs in energy conversion processes.This numerical study innovatively investigates the multi-factor coupling effect of three critical operational factors,including the nanochannel configuration,the temperature field,and the concentration difference,on the energy conversion processes of NRED.In this work,a dimensionless amplitude parameter s is introduced to emulate the randomly varied wall configuration of nanochannels that inherently occur in practical applications,thereby enhancing the realism and applicability of our analysis.Numerical results reveal that the application of a temperature gradient,which is oriented in opposition to the concentration gradient,enhances the ion transportation and selectivity simultaneously,leading to an enhancement in both output power and energy conversion efficiency.Additionally,the increased fluctuation of the nanochannel wall from s=0 to s=0.08 improves ion selectivity yet raises ion transport resistance,resulting in an enhancement in output power and energy conversion efficiency but a slight reduction in current.Furthermore,with increasing the concentration ratio cH/cL from 10 to 1000,either within a fixed temperature field or at a constant dimensionless amplitude,the maximumpower consistently attains its optimal value at a concentration ratio of 100 but the cation transfer number experiences amonotonic decrease across this entire range of concentration ratios.Finally,uponmodifying the operational parameters fromthe baseline condition of s=0,c_(H)/c_(L)=10,andΔT=0 K to the targetedconditionof s=0.08,c_(H)/c_(L)=50,andΔT=25 K,there is a concerted improvement observed in the open-circuit potential,short-circuit current,andmaximumpower,with respective increments of 8.86%,204.97%,and 232.01%,but a reduction in cation transfer number with a notable decrease of 15.37%.展开更多
Organic molecule passivation of perovskite surfaces has emerged as a promising strategy for efficient and durable perovskite solar cells(PSCs).While many materials have been reported,the optimization of molecular stru...Organic molecule passivation of perovskite surfaces has emerged as a promising strategy for efficient and durable perovskite solar cells(PSCs).While many materials have been reported,the optimization of molecular structure for the best passivation effect remains of significant interest but lacks sufficient study.In this work,we designed and synthesized three novel donor–acceptor-donor(D-A-D)type conjugated organic small molecules with varying alkyl chain lengths to regulate the interface between perovskite and Spiro-OMeTAD.Among them,the OSIT molecule,which features an n-octyl side chain of optimal length,demonstrated a balanced interfacial contact and interaction with the perovskite surface.Beyond the passivation effect of the electron-rich C=O group on undercoordinated Pb2+defects,OSIT optimizes energy level alignment and improves charge extraction by acting as an efficient hole transport channel.As a result,PSCs with OSIT interfacial layer achieved an exceptional efficiency of 25.48%and a high open-circuit voltage of 1.18 V.Furthermore,the durability of unencapsulated devices was significantly enhanced under various environmental conditions,maintaining 93.7%of their initial efficiency after 1000 h of maximum power point tracking in a nitrogen atmosphere.This study provides valuable insights into the rational design of D-A-D type materials for effective interface modification in PSCs.展开更多
A mathematical model of multistage and multiphase reactions in flash smelting furnace, which based on the description of chemical reactions and reaction rate, is presented. In this model, main components of copper con...A mathematical model of multistage and multiphase reactions in flash smelting furnace, which based on the description of chemical reactions and reaction rate, is presented. In this model, main components of copper concentrate are represented as FeS 2 and CuFeS based on experiment, intermediate products are assumed to be S 2 and FeS, and the final products are assumed as FeS, FeO, SO 2, Cu 2S, FeO and FeO(SiO 2) 2. The model incorporates the transport of momentum, heat and mass, reaction kinetics between gas and particles, and reactions between gas and gas. The k-ε model is used to describe gas phase turbulence. The model uses the Eulerian approach for the gas flow equations and the Lagrangian approach for the particles. The coupling of gas and particle equations is performed through the particle source in cell(PSIC) method. Comparison between the model predictions and the plant measurements shows that the model has high reliability and accuracy.展开更多
Semiconductor photocatalytic technology is widely recognized as one of the most promising technologies to solve current energy and environmental crisis, due to its ability to make effective use of solar energy. In rec...Semiconductor photocatalytic technology is widely recognized as one of the most promising technologies to solve current energy and environmental crisis, due to its ability to make effective use of solar energy. In recent years, graphite carbon nitride(g-C3N4), a new type of non-metallic polymer semiconductor photocatalyst, has rapidly become the focus of intense research in the field of photocatalysis because of its suitable bandgap energy, unique structure, and excellent chemical stability. In order to improve its intrinsic shortages of small specific surface area, narrow visible light response range, high electron-hole pair recombination rate, and low photon quantum efficiency, a simple method was utilized to synthesize Br-doped g-C3N4(CN–Br X, X = 5, 10, 20, 30), where X is a percentage mole ratio of NH4 Br to melamine. Experimental results showed that Br atoms were doped into the g-C3N4 lattice by replacing the bonded N atoms in the form of C–N=C, while the derived material retained the original framework of g-C3N4. The interaction of Br element with the g-C3N4 skeleton not only broadened the visible-light response of g-C3N4 to 800 nm with an adjustable band gap, but also greatly promoted the separation efficiency of the photogenerated charge carrier and the surface area. The photocurrent intensity of bare CN and CN–Br X(X = 5, 10, 20, 30) catalysts is calculated to be 1.5, 2.0, 3.1, 6.5, and 1.9 μA, respectively. And their specific surface area is measured to be 9.086, 9.326, 15.137, 13.397, and 6.932 m2/g. As a result, this Br-doped g-C3N4 gives significantly enhanced photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI), achieving a twice enhancement over g-C3N4, with high stability during prolonged photocatalytic operation compared to bare g-C3N4 under visible light irradiation. Furthermore, an underlying photocatalytic reduction mechanism was proposed based on control experiments using radical scavengers.展开更多
A novel Parsimonious Genetic Programming （PGP） algorithm together with a novel aero-engine optimum data-driven dynamic start process model based on PGP is proposed. In application of this method, first, the traditio...A novel Parsimonious Genetic Programming （PGP） algorithm together with a novel aero-engine optimum data-driven dynamic start process model based on PGP is proposed. In application of this method, first, the traditional Genetic Programming（GP） is used to generate the nonlinear input-output models that are represented in a binary tree structure; then, the Orthogonal Least Squares algorithm （OLS） is used to estimate the contribution of the branches of the tree （refer to basic function term that cannot be decomposed anymore according to special rule） to the accuracy of the model, which contributes to eliminate complex redundant subtrees and enhance GP＇s convergence speed; and finally, a simple, reliable and exact linear-in-parameter nonlinear model via GP evolution is obtained. The real aero-engine start process test data simulation and the comparisons with Support Vector Machines （SVM） validate that the proposed method can generate more applicable, interpretable models and achieve comparable, even superior results to SVM.展开更多
For achieving high-speed requirement of underwater vehicle,a conceptual engine,which utilizes the hydroreactive characteristic of several metals under supercavitation environment,has been put forward. Especially,in or...For achieving high-speed requirement of underwater vehicle,a conceptual engine,which utilizes the hydroreactive characteristic of several metals under supercavitation environment,has been put forward. Especially,in order to obtain specific impulse as great as possible,a dual water injection system is taken into account. Then thermodynamic cycle model,which lead the improvement of power plant and energy system,is introduced in detail,and thermal efficiency is also analyzed. Furthermore,for investigating the performance of this kind of engine system,detailed thermodynamic calculation and analysis are achieved. Especially,regarding hydroreactive metal fuel Mg/AP/HTPB as our target fuel-rich propellant,considering its obvious deficient oxygen property and the energy property of magnesium/water reaction,theoretical calculation method is established by integrating chemical non-equilibrium with chemical equilibrium. Accordingly,low limit of primary water/fuel ratio is determined. In addition,the qualitative and quantitative relationship of performance parameters,such as theoretical specific impulse,nozzle exit temperature,characteristic velocity,etc.,versus water/fuel ratio is investigated respectively.展开更多
The Navier-Stokes equations for slip flow between two very closely spaced parallel plates are transformed to an ordinary differential equation based on the pressure gradient along the flow direction using a new simila...The Navier-Stokes equations for slip flow between two very closely spaced parallel plates are transformed to an ordinary differential equation based on the pressure gradient along the flow direction using a new similarity transformation. A powerful easy-to-use homotopy analysis method was used to obtain an analytical solution. The convergence theorem for the homotopy analysis method is presented. The solutions show that the second-order homotopy analysis method solution is accurate enough for the current problem.展开更多
In this study,enhanced kinetics of methane hydrate formation in the sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)solution with different concentrations of suspended graphite nanoparticles(GNPs)were investigated at 6.1-9.0 MPa and 274.1...In this study,enhanced kinetics of methane hydrate formation in the sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)solution with different concentrations of suspended graphite nanoparticles(GNPs)were investigated at 6.1-9.0 MPa and 274.15 K.The GNPs with rough surfaces and excellent thermal conductivity not only provided a considerable number of microsites for hydrate nucleation but also facilitated the fast hydrate heat transfer in the suspension system.At a relatively low pressure of 6.1 MPa,the suspension with 0.4 wt%of GNPs exhibited the minimum induction time of 22 min and maximum methane uptake of 126.1 cm3·cm-3.However,the methane storage performances of the suspensions with higher and lower concentrations of GNPs were not satisfactory.At the applied pressure,the temperature increase arising from the hydrate heat in the suspension system with the optimized concentration(0.4 wt%)of GNPs was more significant than that in the traditional SDS solution.Furthermore,compared with those of the system without GNPs,enhanced hydration rate and storage capacity were achieved in the suspensions with GNPs,and the storage capacities were increased by 3.9%-17.0%.The promotion effect of GNPs on gas hydrate formation at low pressure is much more obvious than that at high pressure.展开更多
The goal of the present study was to investigate the photocatalytic efficiency of titanium dioxide （TiO2） formed on titanium （Ti） bead substrate （referred herein as TiO2/Ti beads） by heat treatment when exposing...The goal of the present study was to investigate the photocatalytic efficiency of titanium dioxide （TiO2） formed on titanium （Ti） bead substrate （referred herein as TiO2/Ti beads） by heat treatment when exposing to ultraviolet （UV） light irradiation. Escherichia coli was used as the model test organism. The results show 4-log and 7-log decrease in bacterial concentration after a test time of 15 and 120 min, respectively, using TiO2/Ti beads irradiated with UV light in a tin-foil covered beaker. This article presents the potential of TiO2 on Ti bead substrate formed by simple heat-treatment together with UV light for bacterial inactivation.展开更多
Pt/Eu2O3-CeO2 materials with different Eu concentrations were prepared and applied to toluene destruction,and the remarkable promotion impact of EuOx on Pt/CeO2 can be observed.The characterization results reveal that...Pt/Eu2O3-CeO2 materials with different Eu concentrations were prepared and applied to toluene destruction,and the remarkable promotion impact of EuOx on Pt/CeO2 can be observed.The characterization results reveal that the presence of EuOx significantly enhances the redox property,lattice O concentration,and Ce3+ ratio of the Pt/CeO2 material,which facilitates the dispersion and activity of Pt active sites and thus accelerates the decomposition process of toluene.Among all catalysts,a sample with an Eu content of 2.5 at.%(Pt/EC-2.5)possesses the best catalytic activity with 0.09 vol% of toluene completely destructed at 200 ℃ under a relatively high GHSV of 50000 h^-1.The possible reaction pathway and mechanism of toluene combustion over Pt/Eu2O3-CeO2 samples are presented according to in-situ DRIFTS,which confirms that the toluene oxidation process obeys the Mars-van Krevelen mechanism with aldehydes and ketones as primary organic intermediates.展开更多
文摘In order to increase the stability of the Mongolia power system, a single-phase automatic reclosing device (SPAR) was introduced on double-circuit power lines built with a size of 330 kV, operating on a voltage of 220 kV and a length of 250 km. These overhead power lines (L-213, L-214) connect the 220/110/35 kV “Songino” substation with the “Mandal” substation and form system networks. This paper presents the challenges encountered when implementing single-phase automatic reclosing (SPAR) devices and compares the changes in power system parameters before and after SPAR deployment for a long 220 kV line. Simulations and analyses were carried out using DIgSILENT PowerFactory software, focusing on rotor angle stability, and the overall impact on the power system during short-circuit faults. The evaluation also utilized measurement data from the Wide Area Monitoring System (WAMS) to compare system behavior pre- and post-implementation of SPAR. The findings reveal that SPAR significantly enhances system reliability and stability, effectively mitigating the risk of oscillations and stability loss triggered by short circuits. This improvement contributes to a more resilient power system, reducing the potential for disturbances caused by faults.
基金supported by CNPq,CAPES,FAPESP(2017/02317-2),FAPESP(2017/11986-5)Shell and the strategic importance of the support given by ANP(Brazil’s National Oil,Natural Gas and Biofuels Agency)through the R&D levy regulation+2 种基金PRH49/UFABC-ANP for the fellowshipthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)the Outstanding Talent Program of Shaanxi Province as well as FAPESP(2017/11986-5)
文摘This work describes a simple yet powerful scalable solution chemistry strategy to create back‐contact rich interfaces between substrates such as commercial transparent conducting fluorine‐doped tin oxide coated glass(FTO)and photoactive thin films such as hematite for low‐cost water oxidation reaction.High‐resolution electron microscopy(SEM,TEM,STEM),atomic force microscopy(AFM),elemental chemical mapping(EELS,EDS)and photoelectrochemical(PEC)investigations reveal that the mechanical stress,lattice mismatch,electron energy barrier,and voids between FTO and hematite at the back‐contact interface as well as short‐circuit and detrimental reaction between FTO and the electrolyte can be alleviated by engineering the chemical composition of the precursor solutions,thus increasing the overall efficiency of these low‐cost photoanodes for water oxidation reaction for a clean and sustainable generation of hydrogen from PEC water‐splitting.These findings are of significant importance to improve the charge collection efficiency by minimizing electron‐hole recombination observed at back‐contact interfaces and grain boundaries in mesoporous electrodes,thus improving the overall efficiency and scalability of low‐cost PEC water splitting devices.
基金supported by Graduate Research and Innovation Program Project of Nanjing Institute of Technology(No.TB202517022).
文摘The configuration of a hybrid energy storage system(HESS)plays a pivotal role in mitigating wind power fluctuations and enabling primary frequency regulation,thereby enhancing the active power support capability of wind power integration systems.However,most existing studies on HESS capacity configuration overlook the selfrecovery control of the state of charge(SOC),creating challenges in sustaining capacity during long-term operation.This omission can impair frequency regulation performance,increase capacity requirements,and shorten battery lifespan.To address these challenges,this study proposes a bi-level planning–operation capacity configuration model that explicitly incorporates SOC self-recovery control.In the operation layer,a variable-baseline charging/discharging strategy is developed to restore SOC by balancing positive and negative energy over a 24-h period,with the goal of maximizing daily operational benefits.In the planning layer,the annualized net life-cycle cost of the HESS isminimized by configuring storage capacity based on feedback fromthe operation layer.Thetwo layers operate iteratively to achieve coordinated optimization of capacity sizing and control strategy.Case study results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.Compared with a configuration without considering SOC self-recovery,the proposed approach reduces the 1-min wind power fluctuation rate to 3.53%,lowers the mean squared frequency error to 0.000084,and decreases the annualized net life-cycle cost by 545,000 CNY/MWh.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52476071)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Grant No.A2024502008).
文摘Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)are widely used in various fields owing to their unique properties.In this study,three different types of nitrogen-doped CNT heterojunctions were constructed:parallel-doped(PCNT),vertically doped(VCNT),and mesh-doped(MCNT).Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics(NEMD)simulations were conducted to investigate their heat flux and thermal rectification(TR)effects.The results show that heat flux preferentially flows from nitrogen-doped regions to undoped regions,exhibiting distinct thermal rectification behavior,with PCNT showing the most pronounced effect.Interestingly,the TR ratio of the zigzag PCNT is significantly higher than that of the armchair PCNT.Subsequently,we examined the effects of system length and diameter on the TR ratio of the PCNT and found that the TR ratio increases and then decreases with increasing model length.In addition,the effect of defect density on the heat flux of the PCNT is peculiar.The phonon density of states,phonon dispersion,participation ratio,and phonon spectral heat flux were analyzed to elucidate the thermal transport behavior of phonons in the nanotubes.This study provides insights into the development and design of nitrogen-doped CNT thermal rectifiers.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB3501204)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(51925605)+1 种基金the National Science Foundation for Excellent Young Scholars(52222107)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52171195,52201036)。
文摘As one of the core components of a magnetic refrigerator,magnetic refrigeration materials are expected to have not only a considerable magnetocaloric effect but also excellent thermal conductivity.The poor thermal conductivity of many competitive oxide-based magnetic refrigerants,exemplified by EuTiO3-based compounds,acts as a major limitation to their practical application.Therefore,improving the thermal conductivity of magnetic refrigeration materials has become a research emphasis of magnetic refrigeration in recent years.In this work,a series of EuTiO_(3)(ETO)/Cu composites with different copper additives was prepared using a solid-phase reaction method by introducing appropriate amounts of copper powder.The influence of the introduction of copper on the phase composition,microstructure,thermal conductivity,and magnetocaloric effect of the composites was systematically investigated.Unexpectedly,the thermal conductivity of the composites is enhanced by up to 260%due to copper addition,accompanied by only a 5%decrease in magnetic entropy change and refrigerating capacity.Copper additive forms localized thermal conductive networks and promotes the densification process,resulting in significantly enhanced thermal conductivity of the composites.This work demonstrates the feasibility of improving the thermal conductivity of oxide-base d magnetic refrigeration materials by introducing highly thermally conductive substances.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3505101)the National Science Foundation for Excellent Young Scholars(52222107)+2 种基金the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(51925605)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52171195)the Projects of Ganjiang Innovation Academy,Chinese Academy of Sciences(E055B002)。
文摘Frustrated lanthanide oxides with dense magnetic lattice and suppressed ordering temperature have potential applications in cryogenic magnetic refrigeration.Herein,the crystal structure,magnetic properties,magnetic phase transition(MPT)together with magnetocaloric effect(MCE)of LnOF(Ln=Gd,Dy,Ho,and Er)compounds were investigated.Crystallographic study shows that these compounds crystallize in the centrosymmetric space group R3m with an ideal triangular lattice.No long-range magnetic ordering is observed above 2 K for LnOF(Ln=Gd,Ho,and Er).However,DyOF compound undergoes an MPT from paramagnetic(PM)to antiferromagnetic(AFM)at the Neel temperature(TN≈4 K).Considerable reversible MCE is observed in these triangular-lattice compounds.Under the magnetic field change(μ0ΔH)of 0-2 T,the maximum values of magnetic entropy change(-ΔSMmax)of them are 6.1,9.4,12.7,and 14.1 J/(kg·K),respectively.Interestingly,the value of ErOF with Ising-like spin is 2.3 times that of GdOF,which provides an approach for exploring magnetic refrigerants with excellent low-field cryogenic magnetocaloric effect.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB3501204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52171054)+1 种基金the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(51925605)the National Science Foundation for Excellent Young Scholars(52222107)。
文摘Magnetic refrigeration(MR)technology is regarded as an ideal solution for cryogenic applications,relying on magnetocaloric materials which provide necessary chilling effect.A series of polycrystalline Tm_(1-x)Er_(x)Ni_(2)Si_(2)(x=0.2,0.4)compounds was synthesized,and their magnetic properties,magnetic phase transition together with magnetocaloric effect(MCE)were studied.The Tm_(1-x)Er_(x)Ni_(2)Si_(2)(x=0.2,0.4)compounds display a field-induced metamagnetic transition from antiferromagnetic(AFM)to ferromagnetism(FM)in excess of 0.2 T,respectively.Meanwhile,the AFM ground state is unstable.Under the field change of 0-2 T,the values of maximal magnetic entropy change(-ΔS_(M)^(max))and refrigerant capacity(RC)for Tm_(0.8)Er_(0.2)Ni_(2)Si_(2)compound are 17.9 J/(kg·K)and 83.5 J/kg,respectively.The large reversible MCE under low magnetic fields(≤2 T)indicates that Tm_(0.8)Er_(0.2)Ni_(2)Si_(2)compound can serve as potential candidate materials for cryogenic magnetic refrigeration.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52477101)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20210932).
文摘With the intensification of the energy crisis and the worsening greenhouse effect,the development of sustainable integrated energy systems(IES)has become a crucial direction for energy transition.In this context,this paper proposes a low-carbon economic dispatch strategy under the green hydrogen certificate trading(GHCT)and the ladder-type carbon emission trading(CET)mechanism,enabling the coordinated utilization of green and blue hydrogen.Specifically,a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer(PEME)model that accounts for dynamic efficiency characteristics,and a steam methane reforming(SMR)model incorporating waste heat recovery,are developed.Based on these models,a hydrogen production–storage–utilization framework is established to enable the coordinated deployment of green and blue hydrogen.Furthermore,the gas turbine(GT)unit are retrofitted using oxygenenriched combustion carbon capture(OCC)technology,wherein the oxygen produced by PEME is employed to create an oxygen-enriched combustion environment.This approach reduces energy waste and facilitates low-carbon power generation.In addition,the GHCT mechanism is integrated into the system alongside the ladder-type CET mechanism,and their complementary effects are investigated.A comprehensive optimization model is then formulated to simultaneously achieve carbon reduction and economic efficiency across the system.Case study results show that the proposed strategy reduces wind curtailment by 7.77%,carbon emissions by 65.98%,and total cost by 12.57%.This study offers theoretical reference for the low-carbon,economic,and efficient operation of future energy systems.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3803600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52276212)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20231211)the Suzhou Science and Technology Program(SYG202101)the Key Research and Development Program in Shaanxi Province of China(2023-YBGY-300)the Zhuhai Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Project(2120004000225)the China Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Recent interest in photocatalytic water splitting has intensified the demand in the development of photocatalysts capable of harnessing the full solar-spectrum.This study introduces a novel WO_(x)/ZnIn_(2)S_(4)Zscheme heterojunction,prepared by depositing ZnIn_(2)S_(4)(ZIS)nanosheets onto WO_(x)nanorods,enabling efficient photothermal-coupled photocatalytic H_(2)evolution.The success relies on the engineered oxygen vacancies within WO_(x)nanorods,which not only confer excellent photothermal properties lowering the reaction barrier but also create defect levels in WO_(x)facilitating Z-scheme electron transfer from these levels to the valence band of ZIS.Consequently,the optimized WO_(x)/ZIS heterojunction exhibits a remarkable H_(2)evolution rate of 33.91 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1)with an apparent quantum efficiency of 23.6%at 400 nm.This study provides a new strategy for developing efficient Z-scheme heterojunctions with broadspectrum solar hydrogen production capabilities.
文摘In Saharan climates,greenhouses face extreme diurnal temperature fluctuations that generate thermal stress,reduce crop productivity,and hinder sustainable agricultural practices.Passive thermal storage using Phase Change Materials(PCM)is a promising solution to stabilize microclimatic conditions.This study aims to evaluate experimentally and numerically the effectiveness of PCM integration for moderating greenhouse temperature fluctuations under Saharan climatic conditions.Two identical greenhouse prototypes were constructed in Ghardaia,Algeria:a reference greenhouse and a PCM-integrated greenhouse using calcium chloride hexahydrate(CaCl_(2)⋅6H_(2)O).Thermal performance was assessed during a five-day experimental period(7–11May 2025)under severe ambient conditions.To complement this,a Nonlinear Auto-Regressive with eXogenous inputs(NARX)neural network model was developed and trained using a larger dataset(7–25 May 2025)to predict greenhouse thermal dynamics.The PCM greenhouse reduced peak daytime air temperature by an average of 8.14℃and decreased the diurnal temperature amplitude by 53.6%compared to the reference greenhouse.The NARX model achieved high predictive accuracy(R^(2)=0.990,RMSE=0.425℃,MAE=0.223℃,MBE=0.008℃),capturing both sensible and latent heat transfer mechanisms,including PCM melting and solidification.The combined experimental and predictive modeling results confirm the potential of PCM integration as an effective passive thermal regulation strategy for greenhouses in arid regions.This approach enhances microclimatic stability,improves energy efficiency,and supports the sustainability of protected agriculture under extreme climatic conditions.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[52106246]the Postgraduate Research&Practice innovation Program of Jiangsu Province[KYCX24_1641].
文摘Based on the rapid advancements in nanomaterials and nanotechnology,the Nanofluidic Reverse Electrodialysis(NRED)has attracted significant attention as an innovative and promising energy conversion strategy for extracting sustainable and clean energy fromthe salinity gradient energy.However,the scarcity of research investigating the intricate multi-factor coupling effects on the energy conversion performance,especially the trade-offs between ion selectivity and mass transfer in nanochannels,of NRED poses a great challenge to achieving breakthroughs in energy conversion processes.This numerical study innovatively investigates the multi-factor coupling effect of three critical operational factors,including the nanochannel configuration,the temperature field,and the concentration difference,on the energy conversion processes of NRED.In this work,a dimensionless amplitude parameter s is introduced to emulate the randomly varied wall configuration of nanochannels that inherently occur in practical applications,thereby enhancing the realism and applicability of our analysis.Numerical results reveal that the application of a temperature gradient,which is oriented in opposition to the concentration gradient,enhances the ion transportation and selectivity simultaneously,leading to an enhancement in both output power and energy conversion efficiency.Additionally,the increased fluctuation of the nanochannel wall from s=0 to s=0.08 improves ion selectivity yet raises ion transport resistance,resulting in an enhancement in output power and energy conversion efficiency but a slight reduction in current.Furthermore,with increasing the concentration ratio cH/cL from 10 to 1000,either within a fixed temperature field or at a constant dimensionless amplitude,the maximumpower consistently attains its optimal value at a concentration ratio of 100 but the cation transfer number experiences amonotonic decrease across this entire range of concentration ratios.Finally,uponmodifying the operational parameters fromthe baseline condition of s=0,c_(H)/c_(L)=10,andΔT=0 K to the targetedconditionof s=0.08,c_(H)/c_(L)=50,andΔT=25 K,there is a concerted improvement observed in the open-circuit potential,short-circuit current,andmaximumpower,with respective increments of 8.86%,204.97%,and 232.01%,but a reduction in cation transfer number with a notable decrease of 15.37%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22179053,22279046)Natural Science Excellent Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Provincial(BK20220112)+1 种基金Special Foundation for Carbon Peak Carbon Neutralization Technology Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2022026-2)JSPS KAKENHI(20K15385,20H02817,and 24H00486)。
文摘Organic molecule passivation of perovskite surfaces has emerged as a promising strategy for efficient and durable perovskite solar cells(PSCs).While many materials have been reported,the optimization of molecular structure for the best passivation effect remains of significant interest but lacks sufficient study.In this work,we designed and synthesized three novel donor–acceptor-donor(D-A-D)type conjugated organic small molecules with varying alkyl chain lengths to regulate the interface between perovskite and Spiro-OMeTAD.Among them,the OSIT molecule,which features an n-octyl side chain of optimal length,demonstrated a balanced interfacial contact and interaction with the perovskite surface.Beyond the passivation effect of the electron-rich C=O group on undercoordinated Pb2+defects,OSIT optimizes energy level alignment and improves charge extraction by acting as an efficient hole transport channel.As a result,PSCs with OSIT interfacial layer achieved an exceptional efficiency of 25.48%and a high open-circuit voltage of 1.18 V.Furthermore,the durability of unencapsulated devices was significantly enhanced under various environmental conditions,maintaining 93.7%of their initial efficiency after 1000 h of maximum power point tracking in a nitrogen atmosphere.This study provides valuable insights into the rational design of D-A-D type materials for effective interface modification in PSCs.
文摘A mathematical model of multistage and multiphase reactions in flash smelting furnace, which based on the description of chemical reactions and reaction rate, is presented. In this model, main components of copper concentrate are represented as FeS 2 and CuFeS based on experiment, intermediate products are assumed to be S 2 and FeS, and the final products are assumed as FeS, FeO, SO 2, Cu 2S, FeO and FeO(SiO 2) 2. The model incorporates the transport of momentum, heat and mass, reaction kinetics between gas and particles, and reactions between gas and gas. The k-ε model is used to describe gas phase turbulence. The model uses the Eulerian approach for the gas flow equations and the Lagrangian approach for the particles. The coupling of gas and particle equations is performed through the particle source in cell(PSIC) method. Comparison between the model predictions and the plant measurements shows that the model has high reliability and accuracy.
文摘Semiconductor photocatalytic technology is widely recognized as one of the most promising technologies to solve current energy and environmental crisis, due to its ability to make effective use of solar energy. In recent years, graphite carbon nitride(g-C3N4), a new type of non-metallic polymer semiconductor photocatalyst, has rapidly become the focus of intense research in the field of photocatalysis because of its suitable bandgap energy, unique structure, and excellent chemical stability. In order to improve its intrinsic shortages of small specific surface area, narrow visible light response range, high electron-hole pair recombination rate, and low photon quantum efficiency, a simple method was utilized to synthesize Br-doped g-C3N4(CN–Br X, X = 5, 10, 20, 30), where X is a percentage mole ratio of NH4 Br to melamine. Experimental results showed that Br atoms were doped into the g-C3N4 lattice by replacing the bonded N atoms in the form of C–N=C, while the derived material retained the original framework of g-C3N4. The interaction of Br element with the g-C3N4 skeleton not only broadened the visible-light response of g-C3N4 to 800 nm with an adjustable band gap, but also greatly promoted the separation efficiency of the photogenerated charge carrier and the surface area. The photocurrent intensity of bare CN and CN–Br X(X = 5, 10, 20, 30) catalysts is calculated to be 1.5, 2.0, 3.1, 6.5, and 1.9 μA, respectively. And their specific surface area is measured to be 9.086, 9.326, 15.137, 13.397, and 6.932 m2/g. As a result, this Br-doped g-C3N4 gives significantly enhanced photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI), achieving a twice enhancement over g-C3N4, with high stability during prolonged photocatalytic operation compared to bare g-C3N4 under visible light irradiation. Furthermore, an underlying photocatalytic reduction mechanism was proposed based on control experiments using radical scavengers.
基金National Defense Advanced Research Foundation of China
文摘A novel Parsimonious Genetic Programming （PGP） algorithm together with a novel aero-engine optimum data-driven dynamic start process model based on PGP is proposed. In application of this method, first, the traditional Genetic Programming（GP） is used to generate the nonlinear input-output models that are represented in a binary tree structure; then, the Orthogonal Least Squares algorithm （OLS） is used to estimate the contribution of the branches of the tree （refer to basic function term that cannot be decomposed anymore according to special rule） to the accuracy of the model, which contributes to eliminate complex redundant subtrees and enhance GP＇s convergence speed; and finally, a simple, reliable and exact linear-in-parameter nonlinear model via GP evolution is obtained. The real aero-engine start process test data simulation and the comparisons with Support Vector Machines （SVM） validate that the proposed method can generate more applicable, interpretable models and achieve comparable, even superior results to SVM.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No .50776070)New Teacher Research Support Program of Xi an Jiaotong University (No .0106-08142002)
文摘For achieving high-speed requirement of underwater vehicle,a conceptual engine,which utilizes the hydroreactive characteristic of several metals under supercavitation environment,has been put forward. Especially,in order to obtain specific impulse as great as possible,a dual water injection system is taken into account. Then thermodynamic cycle model,which lead the improvement of power plant and energy system,is introduced in detail,and thermal efficiency is also analyzed. Furthermore,for investigating the performance of this kind of engine system,detailed thermodynamic calculation and analysis are achieved. Especially,regarding hydroreactive metal fuel Mg/AP/HTPB as our target fuel-rich propellant,considering its obvious deficient oxygen property and the energy property of magnesium/water reaction,theoretical calculation method is established by integrating chemical non-equilibrium with chemical equilibrium. Accordingly,low limit of primary water/fuel ratio is determined. In addition,the qualitative and quantitative relationship of performance parameters,such as theoretical specific impulse,nozzle exit temperature,characteristic velocity,etc.,versus water/fuel ratio is investigated respectively.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 50776006.
文摘The Navier-Stokes equations for slip flow between two very closely spaced parallel plates are transformed to an ordinary differential equation based on the pressure gradient along the flow direction using a new similarity transformation. A powerful easy-to-use homotopy analysis method was used to obtain an analytical solution. The convergence theorem for the homotopy analysis method is presented. The solutions show that the second-order homotopy analysis method solution is accurate enough for the current problem.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 51606125,51802190,21978171,51876130,51674240)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(grant number 13ZZ117)。
文摘In this study,enhanced kinetics of methane hydrate formation in the sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)solution with different concentrations of suspended graphite nanoparticles(GNPs)were investigated at 6.1-9.0 MPa and 274.15 K.The GNPs with rough surfaces and excellent thermal conductivity not only provided a considerable number of microsites for hydrate nucleation but also facilitated the fast hydrate heat transfer in the suspension system.At a relatively low pressure of 6.1 MPa,the suspension with 0.4 wt%of GNPs exhibited the minimum induction time of 22 min and maximum methane uptake of 126.1 cm3·cm-3.However,the methane storage performances of the suspensions with higher and lower concentrations of GNPs were not satisfactory.At the applied pressure,the temperature increase arising from the hydrate heat in the suspension system with the optimized concentration(0.4 wt%)of GNPs was more significant than that in the traditional SDS solution.Furthermore,compared with those of the system without GNPs,enhanced hydration rate and storage capacity were achieved in the suspensions with GNPs,and the storage capacities were increased by 3.9%-17.0%.The promotion effect of GNPs on gas hydrate formation at low pressure is much more obvious than that at high pressure.
基金supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea funded by the Korean Ministry of Education,Science and Technology(MEST)(Water Treatment Project No.2011-0011807)
文摘The goal of the present study was to investigate the photocatalytic efficiency of titanium dioxide （TiO2） formed on titanium （Ti） bead substrate （referred herein as TiO2/Ti beads） by heat treatment when exposing to ultraviolet （UV） light irradiation. Escherichia coli was used as the model test organism. The results show 4-log and 7-log decrease in bacterial concentration after a test time of 15 and 120 min, respectively, using TiO2/Ti beads irradiated with UV light in a tin-foil covered beaker. This article presents the potential of TiO2 on Ti bead substrate formed by simple heat-treatment together with UV light for bacterial inactivation.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFC0204201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21677114, 21477095, 21876139)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (xjj2017170)~~
文摘Pt/Eu2O3-CeO2 materials with different Eu concentrations were prepared and applied to toluene destruction,and the remarkable promotion impact of EuOx on Pt/CeO2 can be observed.The characterization results reveal that the presence of EuOx significantly enhances the redox property,lattice O concentration,and Ce3+ ratio of the Pt/CeO2 material,which facilitates the dispersion and activity of Pt active sites and thus accelerates the decomposition process of toluene.Among all catalysts,a sample with an Eu content of 2.5 at.%(Pt/EC-2.5)possesses the best catalytic activity with 0.09 vol% of toluene completely destructed at 200 ℃ under a relatively high GHSV of 50000 h^-1.The possible reaction pathway and mechanism of toluene combustion over Pt/Eu2O3-CeO2 samples are presented according to in-situ DRIFTS,which confirms that the toluene oxidation process obeys the Mars-van Krevelen mechanism with aldehydes and ketones as primary organic intermediates.
