Remote sensing technologies play a vital role in our understanding of earthquakes and their impact on the Earth's surface.These technologies,including satellite imagery,aerial surveys,and advanced sensors,contribu...Remote sensing technologies play a vital role in our understanding of earthquakes and their impact on the Earth's surface.These technologies,including satellite imagery,aerial surveys,and advanced sensors,contribute significantly to our understanding of the complex nature of earthquakes.This review highlights the advancements in the integration of remote sensing technologies into earthquake studies.The combined use of satellite imagery and aerial photography in conjunction with geographic information systems(GIS)has been instrumental in showcasing the significance of fusing various types of satеllitеdata sourcеs for comprеhеnsivееarthquakеdamagеassеssmеnts.However,remote sensing encounters challenges due to limited pre-event imagery and restricted postearthquake site access.Furthеrmorе,thеapplication of dееp-lеarning mеthods in assеssingеarthquakе-damagеd buildings dеmonstratеs potеntial for furthеr progrеss in this fiеld.Overall,the utilization of remote sensing technologies has greatly enhanced our comprehension of earthquakes and their effects on the Earth's surface.The fusion of remote sensing technology with advanced data analysis methods holds tremendous potential for driving progress in earthquake studies and damage assessment.展开更多
Zoonoses represent a problem of rising importance in the transplant population.A close relationship and changes between human,animal and environmental health(“One Health”concept)significantly influence the transmiss...Zoonoses represent a problem of rising importance in the transplant population.A close relationship and changes between human,animal and environmental health(“One Health”concept)significantly influence the transmission and distribution of zoonotic diseases.The aim of this manuscript is to perform a narrative review of the published literature on emerging and neglected zoonoses in the transplant population.Many reports on donor-derived or naturally acquired(re-)emerging arboviral infections such as dengue,chikungunya,West Nile,tick-borne encephalitis and Zika virus infection have demonstrated atypical or more complicated clinical course in immunocompromised hosts.Hepatitis E virus has emerged as a serious problem after solid organ transplantation(SOT),leading to diverse extrahepatic manifestations and chronic hepatitis with unfavorable outcomes.Some neglected pathogens such as lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus can cause severe infection with multi-organ failure and high mortality.In addition,ehrlichiosis may be more severe with higher casefatality rates in SOT recipients.Some unusual or severe presentations of borreliosis,anaplasmosis and rickettsioses were also reported among transplant patients.Moreover,toxoplasmosis as infectious complication is a well-recognized zoonosis in this population.Although rabies transmission through SOT transplantation has rarely been reported,it has become a notable problem in some countries.Since the spreading trends of zoonoses are likely to continue,the awareness,recognition and treatment of zoonotic infections among transplant professionals should be imperative.展开更多
The proliferation of woody species alters the vegetation structure, leading to loss of rangeland productivity. It aimed to assess the influence of tree density on vegetation and soil chemical properties at three level...The proliferation of woody species alters the vegetation structure, leading to loss of rangeland productivity. It aimed to assess the influence of tree density on vegetation and soil chemical properties at three levels of encroachment;open, moderate and dense. Each level of encroachment was replicated 3 times, a 5000 m<sup>2</sup> plot was marked per replicate. Four belt transects 200 m<sup>2</sup> were placed per plot. Woody species within each belt transect per replicate were identified and recorded to evaluate woody species composition. Grass species composition was assessed using a step point method. Soil was sampled per replicate and analysed for chemical properties. Results showed that 71% of grasses were increasers and 29% decreasers. <em>Digitaria eriantha</em> and <em>Eragrostis obtusa </em>were the most dominant species. <em>Vachellia karoo</em> and <em>Aloe ferox</em> were the most dominant woody species. The dense had high nitrogen (1.48%) compared to the moderate (0.23%) and the open (0.17%). Increaser species, soil carbon, soil pH increased with the increase of tree density. It was concluded that the replacement of highly palatable grasses with inferior ones was due to improper rangeland management practices. It was recommended that land users form rangeland management associations and set up conservation agreements for proper management of resources.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to verify the disinfeelion effect of ozone on livesioek and poultry houses. [Method] The empty chicken house was disinfected by ozone with the help of ozone disinfector. [Result] As the ozone...[Objective] The paper was to verify the disinfeelion effect of ozone on livesioek and poultry houses. [Method] The empty chicken house was disinfected by ozone with the help of ozone disinfector. [Result] As the ozone disinfeelor was worked for 60 min, the average sterilizing rate of air was 85.33%; Ihe average sterilizing rale on the surface of chicken coop was 86.77%; and the average sterilizing rate of wall was 89.13%. The disinfection effect was obvious. [Conclusion] The results will providc references for promotion and application of ozone disinfector in breeding in- dustry.展开更多
BACKGROUND Data regarding the neuroradiology features of the West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease(WNV NID)is rather scarce.To contribute to the knowledge of the WNV NID,we present a patient with a combination of ence...BACKGROUND Data regarding the neuroradiology features of the West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease(WNV NID)is rather scarce.To contribute to the knowledge of the WNV NID,we present a patient with a combination of encephalitis and acute flaccid paresis,with cauda equina arachnoiditis as the main magnetic resonance(MR)finding.CASE SUMMARY A 72-year-old female patient was admitted due to fever,headache and gait instability.During the first several days she developed somnolence,aphasia,urinary incontinence,constipation,and asymmetric lower extremities weakness.Cerebrospinal fluid analysis indicated encephalitis.Native brain computed tomography and MR were unremarkable,while spinal MR demonstrated cauda equina enhancement without cord lesions.Virology testing revealed WNV IgM and IgG antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid,which confirmed acute WNV NID.The treatment was supportive.After two months only a slight improvement was noticed but cognitive impairment,loss of sphincter control and asymmetric inferior extremities weakness remained.The patient died after a month on chronic rehabilitation.CONCLUSION Cauda equina arachnoiditis is a rare,but possible neuroradiological feature in acute flaccid paresis form of WNV NID.展开更多
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of West Nile virus(WNV)is challenging due to short-term and low-level viremia,flavivirus cross-reactivity,and long immunoglobulin M(IgM)persistence.AIM To evaluate different methods for WNV de...BACKGROUND The diagnosis of West Nile virus(WNV)is challenging due to short-term and low-level viremia,flavivirus cross-reactivity,and long immunoglobulin M(IgM)persistence.AIM To evaluate different methods for WNV detection[reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),IgM/IgG antibodies,IgG avidity]in serum,cerebrospinal fluid(CSF),and urine samples of patients with confirmed WNV infection.METHODS The study included patients with confirmed WNV neuroinvasive infection(n=62),asymptomatic WNV seropositive individuals(n=22),and individuals with false-positive WNV IgM antibodies(n=30).WNV RNA was detected using RT-PCR.A commercial ELISA was used to detect WNV IgM/IgG antibodies with confirmation of cross-reactive samples using a virus neutralization test(VNT).IgG-positive samples were tested for IgG avidity.RESULTS The WNV-RNA detection rates were significantly higher in the urine(54.5%)/serum(46.4%)than in CSF(32.2%).According to the sampling time,the WNV-RNA detection rates in urine collected within 7 days/8-14/≥15 days were 29.4/66.6/62.5%(P=0.042).However,these differences were not observed in the CSF.The median RT-PCR cycle threshold values were significantly lower in urine(32.5,IQR=28-34)than in CSF(34.5,IQR=33-36).The frequency of positive WNV IgM and IgG significantly differed according to the sampling time in serum but not in CSF.Positive IgM/IgG antibodies were detected in 84.3/9.3%of serum samples collected within 7 days,100/71.1%of samples collected 8-14,and 100%samples collected after≥15 days.Recent WNV infection was confirmed by low/borderline avidity index(AI)in 13.6%of asymptomatic individuals.A correlation between ELISA and AI was strong negative for IgM and strong positive for IgG.No significant correlation between ELISA IgG and VNT was found.CONCLUSION The frequency of WNV RNA and antibody detection depends on the sampling time and type of clinical samples.IgG avidity could differentiate recent WNV infections from long-persisting IgM antibodies.展开更多
In Vitro production of swine embryos is a valuable tool to generate clones and genetically modified pigs during a short period of time. However, the efficiency of the existing methods is extremely low and the oocyte q...In Vitro production of swine embryos is a valuable tool to generate clones and genetically modified pigs during a short period of time. However, the efficiency of the existing methods is extremely low and the oocyte quality and quantity represent important obstacles on the success of in Vitro production of embryos. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the in Vitro maturation, fertilization and subsequent embryo development rates of oocytes recovered by ovary slicing or follicular aspiration. The oocyte recovery rate (grade 1 COC/ovary) was higher (p = 0.0083) in the slicing group when compared to the aspiration group. No differences were observed between groups regarding in Vitro maturation and early cleavage rates. A higher percentage of oocytes recovered by follicular aspiration reached the blastocyst stage after IVF when compared to the ovary slicing method (p = 0.0395). However, no difference on blastocyst cell number was observed. Although the recovery of oocytes using the slicing technique yielded more grade 1 oocytes per ovary than the aspiration method, the number of oocytes that reached the blastocyst stage after IVF by the slicing method was lower when compared with oocytes obtained by aspiration, as observed by lower blastocyst rates. In conclusion, the follicular aspiration is the method of choice for porcine in Vitro embryo production.展开更多
The growth characteristics of Aspergillus parasitic us incubated on two culture media were ex-amined using shortwave infrared(SWIR,1000-2500 nm)hyperspectral imaging(HSI)in this work.HSI images of the A.parasiticus co...The growth characteristics of Aspergillus parasitic us incubated on two culture media were ex-amined using shortwave infrared(SWIR,1000-2500 nm)hyperspectral imaging(HSI)in this work.HSI images of the A.parasiticus colonies growing on rose bengal medium(RBM)and maize agar medium(MAM)were recorded daily for 6 days.The growth phases of A.parasiticus were indicated through the pixel number and average spectra of colonies.On score plot of the first principal component(PC1)and PC2,four growth zones with varying mycelium densities were identified.Eight characteristic wavelengths(1095,1145,1195,1279,1442,1655,1834 and 1929 nm)were selected from PC1 loading,average spectra of each colony as well as each growth zone.F urthermore,support vector machine(S VM)classifier based on the eight wavelengths was built,and the classification accuracies for the four zones(from outer to inner zones)on the colonies on RBM were 99.77%,9935%,99.75%and 99.60%and 99.77%,9939%,99.31%and 98.22%for colonies on MAM.In addition,a new score plot of PC2 and PC3 was used to differ-entiate the colonies incubated on RBM and MAM for 6 days.Then characteristic wavelengths of 1067,1195,1279,1369,1459,1694,1834 and 1929 nm were selected from the loading of PC2 and PCg.Based on them,a new SVM model was developed to diferentiate colonies on RBM and MAM with accuracy of 100.00%and 9999%,respectively.In conclusion,SWIR hyperspectral image is a powerful tool for evaluation of growth characteristics of A.parasiticus incubated in diferent culture media.展开更多
Grazing exclusion (GE) is the most effective rangeland restoration technique which facilitates species diversity and forage quality. This study aimed at assessing short-term impact of GE and continuously grazed rangel...Grazing exclusion (GE) is the most effective rangeland restoration technique which facilitates species diversity and forage quality. This study aimed at assessing short-term impact of GE and continuously grazed rangeland on relative frequency, dry matter yield and nutritive value of dominant grasses in an area invaded by Euryops floribundus. A plot of 2.5 ha was measured and the boundaries demarcated using tape measure and steal pins, the plot was further divided into two subplots of 1ha each which were 5 m apart. One subplot was fenced and protected from grazing livestock, while one subplot was grazed continuously and not fenced. Three parallel belt transects of 100 m × 2 m with 3 m apart were laid out in both subplots. Woody plants occurring within the transects were identified and recorded to determine density. In each subplot, a 0.25 m<sup>2</sup> quadrant measuring was thrown randomly to take detailed records on plant species, relative frequency of species and herbage biomass. Four dominant species at the two sites were harvested to determine the nutritive value. Results indicate that grazing exclusion (GE) facilitates grass species diversity, subsequently sixteen and thirteen grasses species were recorded in the GE and uncontrolled grazed (UG) sites, respectively. Eragrostis chloromelas (21.7%), and Themeda triandra (13.2%) had high relative frequencies in the GE site. Highest biomass production was recorded in the GE site (1400 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup>) compared to UG site (1102 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup>). Crude protein content was relatively lower at UG site (5.4% - 5.8%) as compared to GE site (7.2% - 7.8%). It was concluded that, GE showed a positive impact on a relative frequency (%), dry matter yield and crude protein content. UG creates a conducive environment for Euryops recruitment. Further studies are required to examine the impact of GE in long-term trial setup.展开更多
For commercial broiler production,about 20,000–30,000 birds are raised in each confined house,which has caused growing public concerns on animal welfare.Currently,daily evaluation of broiler wellbeing and growth is c...For commercial broiler production,about 20,000–30,000 birds are raised in each confined house,which has caused growing public concerns on animal welfare.Currently,daily evaluation of broiler wellbeing and growth is conducted manually,which is labor-intensive and subjectively subject to human error.Therefore,there is a need for an automatic tool to detect and analyze the behaviors of chickens and predict their welfare status.In this study,we developed a YOLOv5-CBAM-broiler model and tested its performance for detecting broilers on litter floor.The proposed model consisted of two parts:(1)basic YOLOv5 model for bird or broiler feature extraction and object detection;and(2)the convolutional block attention module(CBAM)to improve the feature extraction capability of the network and the problem of missed detection of occluded targets and small targets.A complex dataset of broiler chicken images at different ages,multiple pens and scenes(fresh litter versus reused litter)was constructed to evaluate the effectiveness of the new model.In addition,the model was compared to the Faster R-CNN,SSD,YOLOv3,EfficientDet and YOLOv5 models.The results demonstrate that the precision,recall,F1 score and an mAP@0.5 of the proposed method were 97.3%,92.3%,94.7%,and 96.5%,which were superior to the comparison models.In addition,comparing the detection effects in different scenes,the YOLOv5-CBAM model was still better than the comparison method.Overall,the proposed YOLOv5-CBAM-broiler model can achieve real-time accurate and fast target detection and provide technical support for the management and monitoring of birds in commercial broiler houses.展开更多
基金funded through an appointment with the Agricultural Research Service,managed by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education。
文摘Remote sensing technologies play a vital role in our understanding of earthquakes and their impact on the Earth's surface.These technologies,including satellite imagery,aerial surveys,and advanced sensors,contribute significantly to our understanding of the complex nature of earthquakes.This review highlights the advancements in the integration of remote sensing technologies into earthquake studies.The combined use of satellite imagery and aerial photography in conjunction with geographic information systems(GIS)has been instrumental in showcasing the significance of fusing various types of satеllitеdata sourcеs for comprеhеnsivееarthquakеdamagеassеssmеnts.However,remote sensing encounters challenges due to limited pre-event imagery and restricted postearthquake site access.Furthеrmorе,thеapplication of dееp-lеarning mеthods in assеssingеarthquakе-damagеd buildings dеmonstratеs potеntial for furthеr progrеss in this fiеld.Overall,the utilization of remote sensing technologies has greatly enhanced our comprehension of earthquakes and their effects on the Earth's surface.The fusion of remote sensing technology with advanced data analysis methods holds tremendous potential for driving progress in earthquake studies and damage assessment.
基金This study was supported in part by the Croatian Science Foundation,project No.IP 2016-06-7456:Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of emerging and re-emerging neuroinvasive arboviral infections in CroatiaCRONEUROARBO(to TVC).
文摘Zoonoses represent a problem of rising importance in the transplant population.A close relationship and changes between human,animal and environmental health(“One Health”concept)significantly influence the transmission and distribution of zoonotic diseases.The aim of this manuscript is to perform a narrative review of the published literature on emerging and neglected zoonoses in the transplant population.Many reports on donor-derived or naturally acquired(re-)emerging arboviral infections such as dengue,chikungunya,West Nile,tick-borne encephalitis and Zika virus infection have demonstrated atypical or more complicated clinical course in immunocompromised hosts.Hepatitis E virus has emerged as a serious problem after solid organ transplantation(SOT),leading to diverse extrahepatic manifestations and chronic hepatitis with unfavorable outcomes.Some neglected pathogens such as lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus can cause severe infection with multi-organ failure and high mortality.In addition,ehrlichiosis may be more severe with higher casefatality rates in SOT recipients.Some unusual or severe presentations of borreliosis,anaplasmosis and rickettsioses were also reported among transplant patients.Moreover,toxoplasmosis as infectious complication is a well-recognized zoonosis in this population.Although rabies transmission through SOT transplantation has rarely been reported,it has become a notable problem in some countries.Since the spreading trends of zoonoses are likely to continue,the awareness,recognition and treatment of zoonotic infections among transplant professionals should be imperative.
文摘The proliferation of woody species alters the vegetation structure, leading to loss of rangeland productivity. It aimed to assess the influence of tree density on vegetation and soil chemical properties at three levels of encroachment;open, moderate and dense. Each level of encroachment was replicated 3 times, a 5000 m<sup>2</sup> plot was marked per replicate. Four belt transects 200 m<sup>2</sup> were placed per plot. Woody species within each belt transect per replicate were identified and recorded to evaluate woody species composition. Grass species composition was assessed using a step point method. Soil was sampled per replicate and analysed for chemical properties. Results showed that 71% of grasses were increasers and 29% decreasers. <em>Digitaria eriantha</em> and <em>Eragrostis obtusa </em>were the most dominant species. <em>Vachellia karoo</em> and <em>Aloe ferox</em> were the most dominant woody species. The dense had high nitrogen (1.48%) compared to the moderate (0.23%) and the open (0.17%). Increaser species, soil carbon, soil pH increased with the increase of tree density. It was concluded that the replacement of highly palatable grasses with inferior ones was due to improper rangeland management practices. It was recommended that land users form rangeland management associations and set up conservation agreements for proper management of resources.
文摘[Objective] The paper was to verify the disinfeelion effect of ozone on livesioek and poultry houses. [Method] The empty chicken house was disinfected by ozone with the help of ozone disinfector. [Result] As the ozone disinfeelor was worked for 60 min, the average sterilizing rate of air was 85.33%; Ihe average sterilizing rale on the surface of chicken coop was 86.77%; and the average sterilizing rate of wall was 89.13%. The disinfection effect was obvious. [Conclusion] The results will providc references for promotion and application of ozone disinfector in breeding in- dustry.
基金Croatian Science Foundation,Project No. IP 2016-06-7456 CRONEUROARBOEuropean Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme,No. 653316。
文摘BACKGROUND Data regarding the neuroradiology features of the West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease(WNV NID)is rather scarce.To contribute to the knowledge of the WNV NID,we present a patient with a combination of encephalitis and acute flaccid paresis,with cauda equina arachnoiditis as the main magnetic resonance(MR)finding.CASE SUMMARY A 72-year-old female patient was admitted due to fever,headache and gait instability.During the first several days she developed somnolence,aphasia,urinary incontinence,constipation,and asymmetric lower extremities weakness.Cerebrospinal fluid analysis indicated encephalitis.Native brain computed tomography and MR were unremarkable,while spinal MR demonstrated cauda equina enhancement without cord lesions.Virology testing revealed WNV IgM and IgG antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid,which confirmed acute WNV NID.The treatment was supportive.After two months only a slight improvement was noticed but cognitive impairment,loss of sphincter control and asymmetric inferior extremities weakness remained.The patient died after a month on chronic rehabilitation.CONCLUSION Cauda equina arachnoiditis is a rare,but possible neuroradiological feature in acute flaccid paresis form of WNV NID.
基金Supported by the Croatian Science Foundation,No.IP-2016-06-7456:CRONEUROARBOthe European Union Next Generation EU project supported by the Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Croatia,No.NPOO 1 of Croatian Veterinary Institute:FLAVIR.
文摘BACKGROUND The diagnosis of West Nile virus(WNV)is challenging due to short-term and low-level viremia,flavivirus cross-reactivity,and long immunoglobulin M(IgM)persistence.AIM To evaluate different methods for WNV detection[reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),IgM/IgG antibodies,IgG avidity]in serum,cerebrospinal fluid(CSF),and urine samples of patients with confirmed WNV infection.METHODS The study included patients with confirmed WNV neuroinvasive infection(n=62),asymptomatic WNV seropositive individuals(n=22),and individuals with false-positive WNV IgM antibodies(n=30).WNV RNA was detected using RT-PCR.A commercial ELISA was used to detect WNV IgM/IgG antibodies with confirmation of cross-reactive samples using a virus neutralization test(VNT).IgG-positive samples were tested for IgG avidity.RESULTS The WNV-RNA detection rates were significantly higher in the urine(54.5%)/serum(46.4%)than in CSF(32.2%).According to the sampling time,the WNV-RNA detection rates in urine collected within 7 days/8-14/≥15 days were 29.4/66.6/62.5%(P=0.042).However,these differences were not observed in the CSF.The median RT-PCR cycle threshold values were significantly lower in urine(32.5,IQR=28-34)than in CSF(34.5,IQR=33-36).The frequency of positive WNV IgM and IgG significantly differed according to the sampling time in serum but not in CSF.Positive IgM/IgG antibodies were detected in 84.3/9.3%of serum samples collected within 7 days,100/71.1%of samples collected 8-14,and 100%samples collected after≥15 days.Recent WNV infection was confirmed by low/borderline avidity index(AI)in 13.6%of asymptomatic individuals.A correlation between ELISA and AI was strong negative for IgM and strong positive for IgG.No significant correlation between ELISA IgG and VNT was found.CONCLUSION The frequency of WNV RNA and antibody detection depends on the sampling time and type of clinical samples.IgG avidity could differentiate recent WNV infections from long-persisting IgM antibodies.
基金supported financially by Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo(FAPESP).
文摘In Vitro production of swine embryos is a valuable tool to generate clones and genetically modified pigs during a short period of time. However, the efficiency of the existing methods is extremely low and the oocyte quality and quantity represent important obstacles on the success of in Vitro production of embryos. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the in Vitro maturation, fertilization and subsequent embryo development rates of oocytes recovered by ovary slicing or follicular aspiration. The oocyte recovery rate (grade 1 COC/ovary) was higher (p = 0.0083) in the slicing group when compared to the aspiration group. No differences were observed between groups regarding in Vitro maturation and early cleavage rates. A higher percentage of oocytes recovered by follicular aspiration reached the blastocyst stage after IVF when compared to the ovary slicing method (p = 0.0395). However, no difference on blastocyst cell number was observed. Although the recovery of oocytes using the slicing technique yielded more grade 1 oocytes per ovary than the aspiration method, the number of oocytes that reached the blastocyst stage after IVF by the slicing method was lower when compared with oocytes obtained by aspiration, as observed by lower blastocyst rates. In conclusion, the follicular aspiration is the method of choice for porcine in Vitro embryo production.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31772062)Gannan Camellia Industry Development and Innovative Center Open Fund(Grant No.YK201610).
文摘The growth characteristics of Aspergillus parasitic us incubated on two culture media were ex-amined using shortwave infrared(SWIR,1000-2500 nm)hyperspectral imaging(HSI)in this work.HSI images of the A.parasiticus colonies growing on rose bengal medium(RBM)and maize agar medium(MAM)were recorded daily for 6 days.The growth phases of A.parasiticus were indicated through the pixel number and average spectra of colonies.On score plot of the first principal component(PC1)and PC2,four growth zones with varying mycelium densities were identified.Eight characteristic wavelengths(1095,1145,1195,1279,1442,1655,1834 and 1929 nm)were selected from PC1 loading,average spectra of each colony as well as each growth zone.F urthermore,support vector machine(S VM)classifier based on the eight wavelengths was built,and the classification accuracies for the four zones(from outer to inner zones)on the colonies on RBM were 99.77%,9935%,99.75%and 99.60%and 99.77%,9939%,99.31%and 98.22%for colonies on MAM.In addition,a new score plot of PC2 and PC3 was used to differ-entiate the colonies incubated on RBM and MAM for 6 days.Then characteristic wavelengths of 1067,1195,1279,1369,1459,1694,1834 and 1929 nm were selected from the loading of PC2 and PCg.Based on them,a new SVM model was developed to diferentiate colonies on RBM and MAM with accuracy of 100.00%and 9999%,respectively.In conclusion,SWIR hyperspectral image is a powerful tool for evaluation of growth characteristics of A.parasiticus incubated in diferent culture media.
文摘Grazing exclusion (GE) is the most effective rangeland restoration technique which facilitates species diversity and forage quality. This study aimed at assessing short-term impact of GE and continuously grazed rangeland on relative frequency, dry matter yield and nutritive value of dominant grasses in an area invaded by Euryops floribundus. A plot of 2.5 ha was measured and the boundaries demarcated using tape measure and steal pins, the plot was further divided into two subplots of 1ha each which were 5 m apart. One subplot was fenced and protected from grazing livestock, while one subplot was grazed continuously and not fenced. Three parallel belt transects of 100 m × 2 m with 3 m apart were laid out in both subplots. Woody plants occurring within the transects were identified and recorded to determine density. In each subplot, a 0.25 m<sup>2</sup> quadrant measuring was thrown randomly to take detailed records on plant species, relative frequency of species and herbage biomass. Four dominant species at the two sites were harvested to determine the nutritive value. Results indicate that grazing exclusion (GE) facilitates grass species diversity, subsequently sixteen and thirteen grasses species were recorded in the GE and uncontrolled grazed (UG) sites, respectively. Eragrostis chloromelas (21.7%), and Themeda triandra (13.2%) had high relative frequencies in the GE site. Highest biomass production was recorded in the GE site (1400 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup>) compared to UG site (1102 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup>). Crude protein content was relatively lower at UG site (5.4% - 5.8%) as compared to GE site (7.2% - 7.8%). It was concluded that, GE showed a positive impact on a relative frequency (%), dry matter yield and crude protein content. UG creates a conducive environment for Euryops recruitment. Further studies are required to examine the impact of GE in long-term trial setup.
基金a cooperative grant 58-6040-6-030(Lilong Chai)and 58-6040-8-034(S.E.Aggrey)from the United State Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research ServiceUSDA-NIFA Hatch Project(GEO00895):Future Challenges in Animal Production Systems-Seeking Solutions through Focused Facilitation+1 种基金UGA CAES Dean's Office Research Fundand Georgia Research Alliance-Venture Fund.
文摘For commercial broiler production,about 20,000–30,000 birds are raised in each confined house,which has caused growing public concerns on animal welfare.Currently,daily evaluation of broiler wellbeing and growth is conducted manually,which is labor-intensive and subjectively subject to human error.Therefore,there is a need for an automatic tool to detect and analyze the behaviors of chickens and predict their welfare status.In this study,we developed a YOLOv5-CBAM-broiler model and tested its performance for detecting broilers on litter floor.The proposed model consisted of two parts:(1)basic YOLOv5 model for bird or broiler feature extraction and object detection;and(2)the convolutional block attention module(CBAM)to improve the feature extraction capability of the network and the problem of missed detection of occluded targets and small targets.A complex dataset of broiler chicken images at different ages,multiple pens and scenes(fresh litter versus reused litter)was constructed to evaluate the effectiveness of the new model.In addition,the model was compared to the Faster R-CNN,SSD,YOLOv3,EfficientDet and YOLOv5 models.The results demonstrate that the precision,recall,F1 score and an mAP@0.5 of the proposed method were 97.3%,92.3%,94.7%,and 96.5%,which were superior to the comparison models.In addition,comparing the detection effects in different scenes,the YOLOv5-CBAM model was still better than the comparison method.Overall,the proposed YOLOv5-CBAM-broiler model can achieve real-time accurate and fast target detection and provide technical support for the management and monitoring of birds in commercial broiler houses.
