By integrating the merits of the map overlay method and the geographic information system (GIS), a GIS based map overlay method was developed to analyze comprehensively the environmental vulnerability around railway a...By integrating the merits of the map overlay method and the geographic information system (GIS), a GIS based map overlay method was developed to analyze comprehensively the environmental vulnerability around railway and its impact on the environment, which is adapted for the comprehensive assessment of railway environmental impact and the optimization of railway alignments. The assessment process of the GIS based map overlay method was presented, which includes deciding the system structure and weights of assessment factors, making environmental vulnerability grade maps, and evaluating the alternative alignments comprehensively to obtain the best one. With the GIS functions of spatial analysis, such as overlay analysis and buffer analysis, and functions of handling attribute data, the GIS based map overlay method overcomes the shortcomings of the existing map overlay method and the conclusion is more reasonable. In the end, a detailed case study was illustrated to verify the efficiency of the method.展开更多
The essential role of immunoglobulin G(IgG)in immune system regulation and combatting infectious diseases cannot be fully recognized without an understanding of the changes in its N-glycans attached to the asparagine ...The essential role of immunoglobulin G(IgG)in immune system regulation and combatting infectious diseases cannot be fully recognized without an understanding of the changes in its N-glycans attached to the asparagine 297 of the fragment crystallizable(Fc)domain that occur under such circumstances.These glycans impact the antibody stability,half-life,secretion,immunogenicity,and effector functions.Therefore,in this study,we analyzed and compared the total IgG glycome—at the level of individual glycan structures and derived glycosylation traits(sialylation,galactosylation,fucosylation,and bisecting Nacetylglucosamine(GlcNAc))—of 64 patients with influenza,77 patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and 56 healthy controls.Our study revealed a significant decrease in IgG galactosylation,sialylation,and bisecting GlcNAc(where the latter shows the most significant decrease)in deceased COVID19 patients,whereas IgG fucosylation was increased.On the other hand,IgG galactosylation remained stable in influenza patients and COVID-19 survivors.IgG glycosylation in influenza patients was more time-dependent:In the first seven days of the disease,sialylation increased and fucosylation and bisecting GlcNAc decreased;in the next 21 days,sialylation decreased and fucosylation increased(while bisecting GlcNAc remained stable).The similarity of IgG glycosylation changes in COVID-19 survivors and influenza patients may be the consequence of an adequate immune response to enveloped viruses,while the observed changes in deceased COVID-19 patients may indicate its deviation.展开更多
Chinese solar greenhouses(CSGs)are important agricultural production facilities.Under non-artificial heating conditions,solar radiation is the only CSGs energy source.It is highly important to optimally obtain solar e...Chinese solar greenhouses(CSGs)are important agricultural production facilities.Under non-artificial heating conditions,solar radiation is the only CSGs energy source.It is highly important to optimally obtain solar energy in greenhouse construction and production.In this study,a solar radiation model for solar greenhouses was adopted to explore the quantities of solar radiation in greenhouses considering different front roof forms and angles.Herein,the solar radiation amounts corresponding to five roof forms,namely,double-section arc,parabolic,oval,arc,and linear roofs,are compared and analyzed during the four solar periods(beginning of spring,vernal equinox,beginning of winter,and winter solstice).It was found that the solar radiation of oval roof greenhouses on the ground was the largest and was 4.44%-23.68%higher than that of parabolic roofs.In addition,the cumulative sum of light on the linear roof greenhouse wall is also the largest and was 6.02%to 12.08%higher than the parabolic roof greenhouse in the four solar terms.Moreover,the solar radiation in CSGs was compared with front roof angles of 25°,30°,and 35°.It was observed that the solar radiation amount gradually increases with increasing angles.Notably,the variation at an angle of 35°influences the solar radiation of the paraboloidal CSGs ground and elliptical CSGs north wall to the greatest extent,which increased by 8.23%and 12.74%,respectively.This study confirms the role of front roof form and inclination angle in enhancing the greenhouse solar radiation level.展开更多
文摘By integrating the merits of the map overlay method and the geographic information system (GIS), a GIS based map overlay method was developed to analyze comprehensively the environmental vulnerability around railway and its impact on the environment, which is adapted for the comprehensive assessment of railway environmental impact and the optimization of railway alignments. The assessment process of the GIS based map overlay method was presented, which includes deciding the system structure and weights of assessment factors, making environmental vulnerability grade maps, and evaluating the alternative alignments comprehensively to obtain the best one. With the GIS functions of spatial analysis, such as overlay analysis and buffer analysis, and functions of handling attribute data, the GIS based map overlay method overcomes the shortcomings of the existing map overlay method and the conclusion is more reasonable. In the end, a detailed case study was illustrated to verify the efficiency of the method.
基金supported by the European Structural and Investment Funds grant for the Croatian National Centre of Competence in Molecular Diagnostics (KK.01.2.2.03.0006)the Croatian National Centre of Research Excellence in Personalized Healthcare grant (KK.01.1.1.01.0010)supported by the Human Glycome Project。
文摘The essential role of immunoglobulin G(IgG)in immune system regulation and combatting infectious diseases cannot be fully recognized without an understanding of the changes in its N-glycans attached to the asparagine 297 of the fragment crystallizable(Fc)domain that occur under such circumstances.These glycans impact the antibody stability,half-life,secretion,immunogenicity,and effector functions.Therefore,in this study,we analyzed and compared the total IgG glycome—at the level of individual glycan structures and derived glycosylation traits(sialylation,galactosylation,fucosylation,and bisecting Nacetylglucosamine(GlcNAc))—of 64 patients with influenza,77 patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and 56 healthy controls.Our study revealed a significant decrease in IgG galactosylation,sialylation,and bisecting GlcNAc(where the latter shows the most significant decrease)in deceased COVID19 patients,whereas IgG fucosylation was increased.On the other hand,IgG galactosylation remained stable in influenza patients and COVID-19 survivors.IgG glycosylation in influenza patients was more time-dependent:In the first seven days of the disease,sialylation increased and fucosylation and bisecting GlcNAc decreased;in the next 21 days,sialylation decreased and fucosylation increased(while bisecting GlcNAc remained stable).The similarity of IgG glycosylation changes in COVID-19 survivors and influenza patients may be the consequence of an adequate immune response to enveloped viruses,while the observed changes in deceased COVID-19 patients may indicate its deviation.
基金This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Youth Project of the Autonomous Region University Scientific Research Program(Grant No.XJEDU2019Y017)the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China(Grant No.2021D01A83).
文摘Chinese solar greenhouses(CSGs)are important agricultural production facilities.Under non-artificial heating conditions,solar radiation is the only CSGs energy source.It is highly important to optimally obtain solar energy in greenhouse construction and production.In this study,a solar radiation model for solar greenhouses was adopted to explore the quantities of solar radiation in greenhouses considering different front roof forms and angles.Herein,the solar radiation amounts corresponding to five roof forms,namely,double-section arc,parabolic,oval,arc,and linear roofs,are compared and analyzed during the four solar periods(beginning of spring,vernal equinox,beginning of winter,and winter solstice).It was found that the solar radiation of oval roof greenhouses on the ground was the largest and was 4.44%-23.68%higher than that of parabolic roofs.In addition,the cumulative sum of light on the linear roof greenhouse wall is also the largest and was 6.02%to 12.08%higher than the parabolic roof greenhouse in the four solar terms.Moreover,the solar radiation in CSGs was compared with front roof angles of 25°,30°,and 35°.It was observed that the solar radiation amount gradually increases with increasing angles.Notably,the variation at an angle of 35°influences the solar radiation of the paraboloidal CSGs ground and elliptical CSGs north wall to the greatest extent,which increased by 8.23%and 12.74%,respectively.This study confirms the role of front roof form and inclination angle in enhancing the greenhouse solar radiation level.
