Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase(CKX; EC.1.5.99.12) regulates cytokinin(CK) level in plants and plays an essential role in CK regulatory processes. CKX proteins are encoded by a small gene family with a varying number ...Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase(CKX; EC.1.5.99.12) regulates cytokinin(CK) level in plants and plays an essential role in CK regulatory processes. CKX proteins are encoded by a small gene family with a varying number of members in different plants. In spite of their physiological importance, systematic analyses of SiCKX genes in foxtail millet have not yet been examined. In this paper, we report the genome wide isolation and characterization of SiCKXs using bioinformatic methods. A total of 11 members of the family were identified in the foxtail millet genome. SiCKX genes were distributed in seven chromosomes(chromosome 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 11). The coding sequences of all the SiCKX genes were disrupted by introns, with numbers varying from one to four. These genes expanded in the genome mainly due to segmental duplication events. Multiple alignment and motif display results showed that all SiCKX proteins share FAD- and CK-binding domains. Putative cis-elements involved in Ca2+-response, abiotic stress response, light and circadian rhythm regulation, disease resistance and seed development were present in the promoters of SiCKX genes. Expression data mining suggested that SiCKX genes have diverse expression patterns. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that all 11 SiCKX genes were up-regulated in embryos under 6-BA treatment, and some were NaCl or PEG inducible. Collectively, these results provide molecular insights into CKX research in plants.展开更多
Quantitative studies on the extension and subsidence of the Wanan Basin were carried out based on available seismic and borehole data together with regional geological data. Using balanced cross-section and backstripp...Quantitative studies on the extension and subsidence of the Wanan Basin were carried out based on available seismic and borehole data together with regional geological data. Using balanced cross-section and backstripping techniques, we reconstructed the stratigraphic deposition and tectonic evolution histories of the basin. The basin formed from the Eocene and was generally in an extensional/transtensional state except for the Late Miocene local compressoin. The major basin extension ocurred in the Oligocene and Early Miocene (before -16.3 Ma) and thereafter uniform stretch in a smaller rate. The northern and middle basin extended intensely earlier during 38.6-23.3 Ma, while the southern basin was mainly stretched during 23.3-16.3 Ma. The basin formation and development are related to alternating sinistral to dextral strike-slip motions along the Wanan Fault Zone. The dominant dynamics may be caused by the seafloor spreading of the South China Sea and the its peripheral plate interaction. The basin tectonic evolution is divided into five phases: initial rifting, main rifting, rift-drift transition, structural inversion, and thermal subsidence.展开更多
Allene oxide cyclase(AOC, E 5.3.99.6) is an essential enzyme in the jasmonic acid(JA)biosynthetic pathway and mediates a wide range of adaptive responses. In this report, five AOC genes(Gh AOC1–Gh AOC5) were cloned f...Allene oxide cyclase(AOC, E 5.3.99.6) is an essential enzyme in the jasmonic acid(JA)biosynthetic pathway and mediates a wide range of adaptive responses. In this report, five AOC genes(Gh AOC1–Gh AOC5) were cloned from upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.),sequenced, and characterized. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that the transcripts of Gh AOCs were abundantly expressed in roots and less in fibers, and regulated in cotton plants under methyl jasmonate(Me JA) and Cu Cl2 stresses. To investigate the role of Gh AOC under copper stress, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing cotton Gh AOC1 under control of the Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S(Ca MV 35S) promoter were generated. Compared to untransformed plants, Gh AOC1-overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana plants exhibited markedly higher survival rate, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, and photosynthetic efficiency, and reduced cell membrane damage and lipid peroxidation under copper stress.This study provides the first evidence that Gh AOC1 plays an important role in copper stress tolerance.展开更多
Based on the experimental infrared spectral transmittances,an inverse model has been developed to determine the optical constants of the aerosol particles (SiO2 and Al2O3).Combined with the Mie theory and Kramers-Kron...Based on the experimental infrared spectral transmittances,an inverse model has been developed to determine the optical constants of the aerosol particles (SiO2 and Al2O3).Combined with the Mie theory and Kramers-Kronig (K-K) relations,the complex refractive indices of the SiO2 and Al2O3 particles are retrieved.The effects of the measurement errors on the inverse results are also investigated.With the optical constants inversed from the experiment,the discrete ordinate method (DOM) is used to calculate the infrared transmission characteristics of the aerosol particle cloud.Considering the multi-scattering and self-emission of the particles,the equivalent transmittance ratio (ETR) is suggested to evaluate the infrared transmission characteristics of the aerosol particles.Particular attention is given to analyze the effects of the volume fraction and diameters on infrared transmission characteristics.When the volume fraction is larger than 0.001,the particle diameter has little effect on the infrared transmission characteristics.For the uniform monodisperse particles in the detection waveband range of 3-5 μm and 8-12 μm,there exists a critical diameter where the ETR reaches the minimum value.In addition,the ETR of 3-5 μm is smaller than that of 8-12 μm with the same volume fraction and particle diameter.展开更多
A two-dimensional(2D)surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)substrate is fabricated by decorating carbon nanotube(CNT)films with Ag nanoparticles(Ag NPs)in different sizes,via simple and low-cost chemical reduction me...A two-dimensional(2D)surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)substrate is fabricated by decorating carbon nanotube(CNT)films with Ag nanoparticles(Ag NPs)in different sizes,via simple and low-cost chemical reduction method and self-assembling method.The change of Raman and SERS activity of carbon nanotubes/Ag nanoparticles(CNTs/Ag NPs)composites with varying size of Ag NPs are investigated by using rhodamine 6G(R6G)as a probe molecule.Meanwhile,the scattering cross section of Ag NPs and the distribution of electric field of CNTs/Ag NPs composite are simulated through finite difference time domain(FDTD)method.Surface plasmon resonance(SPR)wavelength is redshifted as the size of Ag NPs increases,and the intensity of SERS and electric field increase with Ag NPs size increasing.The experiment and simulation results show a Raman scattering enhancement factor(EF)of 108for the hybrid substrate.展开更多
A new model is proposed to accurately predict the wrinkling and collapse loads of a membrane inflated beam. In this model, the pressure effects are considered and a modified factor is introduced to obtain an accurate ...A new model is proposed to accurately predict the wrinkling and collapse loads of a membrane inflated beam. In this model, the pressure effects are considered and a modified factor is introduced to obtain an accurate prediction. The former is achieved by modifying the pressure-related structural parameters based on elastic small strain considerations, and the modified factor is determined by our test data. Compared with previous models and our test data, the present model, named as shell-membrane model, can accurately predict the wrinkling and collapse loads of membrane inflated beams.展开更多
The full-length cDNA of 909 bp of the osteopontin gene(OPN) was isolated from of Large White Pig and analyzed with bioinformatics methods.The results showed high proportions of Asp,Glu and Ser and verified presence of...The full-length cDNA of 909 bp of the osteopontin gene(OPN) was isolated from of Large White Pig and analyzed with bioinformatics methods.The results showed high proportions of Asp,Glu and Ser and verified presence of the special sequence Arg-Gly-Asp(RGD) in the primary structure of OPN.There were high proportions of alpha helices and strong hydrophilicity in the secondary structure. The signature sequence of OPN([KQ]-x-[TA]-x(2)-[GA]-S-S-E-E-K) was located in the first region of high homology.Two phylogenetic trees were constructed,based on the entire OPN protein sequence and the conserved signature sequence,and showed that the relationship between pig and cow was the closest, but farthest between pig and chicken.OPN mRNA was expressed in many tissues of the pig:higher in the stomach,kidney,lung,small intestine and ovary,and lower in the heart,spleen and large intestine.The OPN protein size differed in different tissues:70 kDa in liver and muscle,70 and 45 kDa in stomach,small intestines and kidney,70,45 and 24 kDa in lung,heart and uterus.展开更多
Common interest is the shared and convergent parts of national interests in the state of inter-dependency, composed of common benefits and common threats, and provides the foundation for international cooperation unde...Common interest is the shared and convergent parts of national interests in the state of inter-dependency, composed of common benefits and common threats, and provides the foundation for international cooperation under bilateral, multilateral and global frameworks. This paper will take the concept of common interest on the level of international politics as the core and supplement it with thoughts, ideas and practices of the CPC and China's government leaders to sort out innovations made in China's common interest theory and international strategic thoughts since 1989, as well as sum up the basic implications of China's common interest theory and the rules of its evolution so as to offer a brand new dimension for Marxist international strategic studies in China.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the long-term curative efficacy and safety of olfactory ensheathing cell(OEC)transplantation by 10 years of follow-up investigation.Methods:A follow-up observation was done on 13 patients with al...Objective:To evaluate the long-term curative efficacy and safety of olfactory ensheathing cell(OEC)transplantation by 10 years of follow-up investigation.Methods:A follow-up observation was done on 13 patients with allograft olfactory bulb-derived OEC transplantation from September 2005 to September 2007 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.After cell purification,amplification,and identification,a 2×10^(7)/mL cell suspension was prepared for transplantation.In the posterior horn of the spinal cord 0.5 cm distal and proximal to the spinal cord injury zone,4 needle points were selected to avoid the blood vessels.The needle depth was 3 mm,and the injection volume per point was 10μL.Postoperatively and at 1 week,4 weeks,12 weeks,24 weeks,1 year,3 years,5 years,and 10 years after the surgery,the patient's American Spinal Injury Association(ASIA)score,adverse reactions,and other minor observations were assessed.Results:All the patients did not have serious complications.No gliomas or other new organisms formed during the 10-year observation period.Eight of 13 patients had improvement in sensory function,and 5 patients showed improvement in motor function.The ASIA acupuncture,light touch,and exercise scores improved significantly 1 year after the surgery,and this improvement continued until the 10-year follow-up period.Three of 13 patients had improvement in defecation and urination,and 1 patient had improved neuralgia after spinal cord injury.Conclusion:OEC transplantation is safe and effective in treating spinal cord injury.The observation period of OEC transplantation is 1 to 3 years.展开更多
The Yuan dynasty was the first great unified empire founded by an ethnic minority in Chinese history. A great number of ancient sources have proven that under the Yuan, the Mongols' distinctive costumes, expressive o...The Yuan dynasty was the first great unified empire founded by an ethnic minority in Chinese history. A great number of ancient sources have proven that under the Yuan, the Mongols' distinctive costumes, expressive of their nomadic identity, exerted an influence upon Chinese fashions of the time. Even after the collapse of the Yuan, Mongol dress did not disappear but became even more popular in various forms throughout the following Ming dynasty. On the basis of examination of a large number of historical written materials, this paper makes an in-depth study of the various styles and uses of Mongol-style clothing in the Ming dynasty. It provides a panoramic survey in an attempt to outline the use and evolution of Mongol styles in the Ming and to examine some representative case studies in detail. Thus, besides discussing traditional issues in the history of clothing, such as the use, design changes and abandonment of Mongol clothing in the Ming dynasty, it initiates a series of studies from a sociological perspective, offering a preliminary study of the groups who wore Mongol-style clothing in the Ming dynasty, including their occupations, their reasons for using these costumes, and how this mode of dress influenced the social psychology of the period. It also attempts, via clothing, to discuss the changes in transitional Chinese society arising from the movement of nomadic ethnic groups in northern China to the hinterland (another question to be addressed).展开更多
House price expectations(HPE)is a key factor affecting housing market fluctuations.Taking Beijing as an example,this study innovatively proposes an internet data-based measurement of HPE and text analysis-based quanti...House price expectations(HPE)is a key factor affecting housing market fluctuations.Taking Beijing as an example,this study innovatively proposes an internet data-based measurement of HPE and text analysis-based quantification of media reports from media attention and media attitudes.Regression model is performed to empirically test the impact of media reports on the level and accuracy of HPE.The empirical results show no significant relationship between media attention and the level of HPE,but a significant relationship to the accuracy of HPE.The higher the media attention(i.e.,the more intensive the media reports),the smaller the deviation between HPE and actual housing prices.The attitude of media reports is significantly related to the level and accuracy of HPE.It is easier to guide the formation of HPE through media reports with clear opinions,indicating that media could promote the sustainable development of the real estate market.展开更多
基金supported by the project of the Modern Seed Industry Enterprise Science and Technology Development of Shandong Province, China (SDKJ2012QF003)
文摘Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase(CKX; EC.1.5.99.12) regulates cytokinin(CK) level in plants and plays an essential role in CK regulatory processes. CKX proteins are encoded by a small gene family with a varying number of members in different plants. In spite of their physiological importance, systematic analyses of SiCKX genes in foxtail millet have not yet been examined. In this paper, we report the genome wide isolation and characterization of SiCKXs using bioinformatic methods. A total of 11 members of the family were identified in the foxtail millet genome. SiCKX genes were distributed in seven chromosomes(chromosome 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 11). The coding sequences of all the SiCKX genes were disrupted by introns, with numbers varying from one to four. These genes expanded in the genome mainly due to segmental duplication events. Multiple alignment and motif display results showed that all SiCKX proteins share FAD- and CK-binding domains. Putative cis-elements involved in Ca2+-response, abiotic stress response, light and circadian rhythm regulation, disease resistance and seed development were present in the promoters of SiCKX genes. Expression data mining suggested that SiCKX genes have diverse expression patterns. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that all 11 SiCKX genes were up-regulated in embryos under 6-BA treatment, and some were NaCl or PEG inducible. Collectively, these results provide molecular insights into CKX research in plants.
基金funded by the Fundamental Research Program(No.2009CB219406)of the Chinese Ministry of Sciences and Technologythe Knowledge Innovation Project(No.KZCX2-YW-229)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Quantitative studies on the extension and subsidence of the Wanan Basin were carried out based on available seismic and borehole data together with regional geological data. Using balanced cross-section and backstripping techniques, we reconstructed the stratigraphic deposition and tectonic evolution histories of the basin. The basin formed from the Eocene and was generally in an extensional/transtensional state except for the Late Miocene local compressoin. The major basin extension ocurred in the Oligocene and Early Miocene (before -16.3 Ma) and thereafter uniform stretch in a smaller rate. The northern and middle basin extended intensely earlier during 38.6-23.3 Ma, while the southern basin was mainly stretched during 23.3-16.3 Ma. The basin formation and development are related to alternating sinistral to dextral strike-slip motions along the Wanan Fault Zone. The dominant dynamics may be caused by the seafloor spreading of the South China Sea and the its peripheral plate interaction. The basin tectonic evolution is divided into five phases: initial rifting, main rifting, rift-drift transition, structural inversion, and thermal subsidence.
基金supported by the project of Modern Seed Industry Enterprise Science and Technology Development of Shandong Province, China (SDKJ2012QF003)
文摘Allene oxide cyclase(AOC, E 5.3.99.6) is an essential enzyme in the jasmonic acid(JA)biosynthetic pathway and mediates a wide range of adaptive responses. In this report, five AOC genes(Gh AOC1–Gh AOC5) were cloned from upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.),sequenced, and characterized. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that the transcripts of Gh AOCs were abundantly expressed in roots and less in fibers, and regulated in cotton plants under methyl jasmonate(Me JA) and Cu Cl2 stresses. To investigate the role of Gh AOC under copper stress, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing cotton Gh AOC1 under control of the Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S(Ca MV 35S) promoter were generated. Compared to untransformed plants, Gh AOC1-overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana plants exhibited markedly higher survival rate, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, and photosynthetic efficiency, and reduced cell membrane damage and lipid peroxidation under copper stress.This study provides the first evidence that Gh AOC1 plays an important role in copper stress tolerance.
基金Sponored by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50806016,51076037)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(GrantNo.20090460893)
文摘Based on the experimental infrared spectral transmittances,an inverse model has been developed to determine the optical constants of the aerosol particles (SiO2 and Al2O3).Combined with the Mie theory and Kramers-Kronig (K-K) relations,the complex refractive indices of the SiO2 and Al2O3 particles are retrieved.The effects of the measurement errors on the inverse results are also investigated.With the optical constants inversed from the experiment,the discrete ordinate method (DOM) is used to calculate the infrared transmission characteristics of the aerosol particle cloud.Considering the multi-scattering and self-emission of the particles,the equivalent transmittance ratio (ETR) is suggested to evaluate the infrared transmission characteristics of the aerosol particles.Particular attention is given to analyze the effects of the volume fraction and diameters on infrared transmission characteristics.When the volume fraction is larger than 0.001,the particle diameter has little effect on the infrared transmission characteristics.For the uniform monodisperse particles in the detection waveband range of 3-5 μm and 8-12 μm,there exists a critical diameter where the ETR reaches the minimum value.In addition,the ETR of 3-5 μm is smaller than that of 8-12 μm with the same volume fraction and particle diameter.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61875024)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(Grant Nos.cstc2019jcyjmsxm X0639 and cstc2020jcyj-msxm0605)the Scientific and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission,China(Grant Nos.KJQN202000648 and KJQN201900602)。
文摘A two-dimensional(2D)surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)substrate is fabricated by decorating carbon nanotube(CNT)films with Ag nanoparticles(Ag NPs)in different sizes,via simple and low-cost chemical reduction method and self-assembling method.The change of Raman and SERS activity of carbon nanotubes/Ag nanoparticles(CNTs/Ag NPs)composites with varying size of Ag NPs are investigated by using rhodamine 6G(R6G)as a probe molecule.Meanwhile,the scattering cross section of Ag NPs and the distribution of electric field of CNTs/Ag NPs composite are simulated through finite difference time domain(FDTD)method.Surface plasmon resonance(SPR)wavelength is redshifted as the size of Ag NPs increases,and the intensity of SERS and electric field increase with Ag NPs size increasing.The experiment and simulation results show a Raman scattering enhancement factor(EF)of 108for the hybrid substrate.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10902027)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (200802131046)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (200801290)Development Program of Outstanding Young Teachers in Harbin Institute of Technology(HITQNJS.2008.004)Specialized Fund for Innovation Talents of Science and Technology in Harbin (2008RFQXG057)
文摘A new model is proposed to accurately predict the wrinkling and collapse loads of a membrane inflated beam. In this model, the pressure effects are considered and a modified factor is introduced to obtain an accurate prediction. The former is achieved by modifying the pressure-related structural parameters based on elastic small strain considerations, and the modified factor is determined by our test data. Compared with previous models and our test data, the present model, named as shell-membrane model, can accurately predict the wrinkling and collapse loads of membrane inflated beams.
基金supported by Scientific and Technological Project in Heilongjiang Province (GB05B 106)Postdoctoral Fund of Heilongjiang Province(LRB07-392)
文摘The full-length cDNA of 909 bp of the osteopontin gene(OPN) was isolated from of Large White Pig and analyzed with bioinformatics methods.The results showed high proportions of Asp,Glu and Ser and verified presence of the special sequence Arg-Gly-Asp(RGD) in the primary structure of OPN.There were high proportions of alpha helices and strong hydrophilicity in the secondary structure. The signature sequence of OPN([KQ]-x-[TA]-x(2)-[GA]-S-S-E-E-K) was located in the first region of high homology.Two phylogenetic trees were constructed,based on the entire OPN protein sequence and the conserved signature sequence,and showed that the relationship between pig and cow was the closest, but farthest between pig and chicken.OPN mRNA was expressed in many tissues of the pig:higher in the stomach,kidney,lung,small intestine and ovary,and lower in the heart,spleen and large intestine.The OPN protein size differed in different tissues:70 kDa in liver and muscle,70 and 45 kDa in stomach,small intestines and kidney,70,45 and 24 kDa in lung,heart and uterus.
基金the initial result of the special think-tank research project "Evaluation and Prospect of China-Germany All-Around Strategic Partnership"(2017) of Tongji Universitysupported by the Central University Basic Research Fund of Tongji University
文摘Common interest is the shared and convergent parts of national interests in the state of inter-dependency, composed of common benefits and common threats, and provides the foundation for international cooperation under bilateral, multilateral and global frameworks. This paper will take the concept of common interest on the level of international politics as the core and supplement it with thoughts, ideas and practices of the CPC and China's government leaders to sort out innovations made in China's common interest theory and international strategic thoughts since 1989, as well as sum up the basic implications of China's common interest theory and the rules of its evolution so as to offer a brand new dimension for Marxist international strategic studies in China.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81801237)National Key Research and Development Project of the People´s Republic of China(Grant No.2018YFE0114200).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the long-term curative efficacy and safety of olfactory ensheathing cell(OEC)transplantation by 10 years of follow-up investigation.Methods:A follow-up observation was done on 13 patients with allograft olfactory bulb-derived OEC transplantation from September 2005 to September 2007 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.After cell purification,amplification,and identification,a 2×10^(7)/mL cell suspension was prepared for transplantation.In the posterior horn of the spinal cord 0.5 cm distal and proximal to the spinal cord injury zone,4 needle points were selected to avoid the blood vessels.The needle depth was 3 mm,and the injection volume per point was 10μL.Postoperatively and at 1 week,4 weeks,12 weeks,24 weeks,1 year,3 years,5 years,and 10 years after the surgery,the patient's American Spinal Injury Association(ASIA)score,adverse reactions,and other minor observations were assessed.Results:All the patients did not have serious complications.No gliomas or other new organisms formed during the 10-year observation period.Eight of 13 patients had improvement in sensory function,and 5 patients showed improvement in motor function.The ASIA acupuncture,light touch,and exercise scores improved significantly 1 year after the surgery,and this improvement continued until the 10-year follow-up period.Three of 13 patients had improvement in defecation and urination,and 1 patient had improved neuralgia after spinal cord injury.Conclusion:OEC transplantation is safe and effective in treating spinal cord injury.The observation period of OEC transplantation is 1 to 3 years.
基金sponsored by a Special Financial Grant from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.:2017T100133)
文摘The Yuan dynasty was the first great unified empire founded by an ethnic minority in Chinese history. A great number of ancient sources have proven that under the Yuan, the Mongols' distinctive costumes, expressive of their nomadic identity, exerted an influence upon Chinese fashions of the time. Even after the collapse of the Yuan, Mongol dress did not disappear but became even more popular in various forms throughout the following Ming dynasty. On the basis of examination of a large number of historical written materials, this paper makes an in-depth study of the various styles and uses of Mongol-style clothing in the Ming dynasty. It provides a panoramic survey in an attempt to outline the use and evolution of Mongol styles in the Ming and to examine some representative case studies in detail. Thus, besides discussing traditional issues in the history of clothing, such as the use, design changes and abandonment of Mongol clothing in the Ming dynasty, it initiates a series of studies from a sociological perspective, offering a preliminary study of the groups who wore Mongol-style clothing in the Ming dynasty, including their occupations, their reasons for using these costumes, and how this mode of dress influenced the social psychology of the period. It also attempts, via clothing, to discuss the changes in transitional Chinese society arising from the movement of nomadic ethnic groups in northern China to the hinterland (another question to be addressed).
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71573244,71532013,71850014)
文摘House price expectations(HPE)is a key factor affecting housing market fluctuations.Taking Beijing as an example,this study innovatively proposes an internet data-based measurement of HPE and text analysis-based quantification of media reports from media attention and media attitudes.Regression model is performed to empirically test the impact of media reports on the level and accuracy of HPE.The empirical results show no significant relationship between media attention and the level of HPE,but a significant relationship to the accuracy of HPE.The higher the media attention(i.e.,the more intensive the media reports),the smaller the deviation between HPE and actual housing prices.The attitude of media reports is significantly related to the level and accuracy of HPE.It is easier to guide the formation of HPE through media reports with clear opinions,indicating that media could promote the sustainable development of the real estate market.