In order to precisely assess gene expression level, a suitable internal reference gene must be chosen to quantify real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-qPCR） data. For greenbug, Schizaphis gr...In order to precisely assess gene expression level, a suitable internal reference gene must be chosen to quantify real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-qPCR） data. For greenbug, Schizaphis graminum, a suitable reference gene for assessing the level of transcriptional expression of target genes has yet to be explored. In our study, eight reference genes, elongation fator 1 beta （Ef1β）, TATA box binding protein （TBP）, alpha-tubulin （a-TUB）, 18S ribosomal （18S）, 28S ribosomal （28S）, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate （GAPDH）, actin （ACT）, and ribosomal protein L18 （RPL18） were evaluated in S. graminum at different developmental stages, tissues, and insecticide treatments. To further explore whether these genes are suitable to serve as internal control, three software-based approaches （geNorm, BestKeeper, and NormFinder）, ACt method, and one web-based comprehensive tool （RefFinder） were employed to analyze and rank the tested genes. The optimal number of reference genes was determined using the geNorm program, and the suitability of particular reference genes was empirically validated according to normalized gene expression data of three target genes, heat shock protein gene （HSP70）, cytocrome P450 gene （SgraCYP18A1）, and glutathione S-transferase （GST）. We found that the most suitable reference genes varied considerably under different experimental conditions. For developmental stages, a-TUB and 28S were the optimal reference genes; for different tissues, 18S and ACTwere suitable reference genes; for insecticide treatments, 28S and a-TUB were suitable for normalizations of expression data. In addition, 28S and a-TUB were the suitable reference gene as they had the most stable expression among different developmental stages, tissues and insecticide treatments. This should be useful for the selection of the suitable reference genes to obtain reliable RT- qPCR data in the gene expression of S. graminum.展开更多
The development of a practical synthetic method to functionalize hollow mesoporous silica with organic groups is of current intere st for selective adsorption and ene rgy storage applications.Herein,a facile and contr...The development of a practical synthetic method to functionalize hollow mesoporous silica with organic groups is of current intere st for selective adsorption and ene rgy storage applications.Herein,a facile and controllable one-pot approach for the synthesis of monodisperse amino-functionalized hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles is presented.A novel solid-to-hollow structural transformation procedure of the silica nanoparticles is presented.The structural transformation is easily designed,as obse rved through transmission electro n microscopy,by tailo ring the HCl and N-lauroylsarcosine sodium molar ratio and the water content in the sol-gel.Ordered and radially oriented in situ aminofunctionalized mesochannels were successfully introduced into the shells of the hollow silica nanoparticles.A formation mechanism for the hollow mesoporous silica materials is discussed.展开更多
Whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses are economically important plant pathogens that cause severe problems in many crop plants,such as tomato,papaya,cotton,and tobacco.Tomato yellow leaf curl virus(TYLCV)is a typical mo...Whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses are economically important plant pathogens that cause severe problems in many crop plants,such as tomato,papaya,cotton,and tobacco.Tomato yellow leaf curl virus(TYLCV)is a typical monopartite begomovirus that has been extensively studied,but methods that can efficiently control begomoviruses are still scarce.In this study,we combined artificial microRNA(amiRNA)-mediated silencing technology and clay nanosheetmediated delivery by spraying and developed a method for efficiently preventing TYLCV infection in tomato plants.We designed three amiRNAs that target different regions of TYLCV to silence virus-produced transcripts.Three plant expression vectors expressing pre-amiRNAs were constructed,and recombinant plasmid DNAs(pDNAs)were loaded onto nontoxic and degradable layered double hydroxide(LDH)clay nanosheets.LDH nanosheets containing multiple pDNAs were sprayed onto plant leaves.We found that the designed amiRNAs were significantly accumulated in leaves 7 days after spraying,while the pDNAs were sustainably detected for 35 days after the spray,suggesting that the LDH nanosheets released pDNAs in a sustained manner,protected pDNAs from degradation and efficiently delivered pDNAs into plant cells.Importantly,when the LDH nanosheets coated with pDNAs were sprayed onto plants infected by TYLCV,both the disease severity and TYLCV viral concentration in sprayed plants were significantly decreased during the 35 days,while the levels of H_(2)O_(2) were significantly increased in those plants.Taken together,these results indicate that LDH nanosheets loaded with pDNAs expressing amiRNAs can be a sustainable and promising tool for begomovirus control.展开更多
Pseudomonas spp.and Enterobacteriaceae are dominant spoilage bacteria in chicken during cold storage(0°C-4°C).In this study,high resolution spectra in the range of 900-1700 nm were acquired and preprocessed ...Pseudomonas spp.and Enterobacteriaceae are dominant spoilage bacteria in chicken during cold storage(0°C-4°C).In this study,high resolution spectra in the range of 900-1700 nm were acquired and preprocessed using Savitzky-Golay convolution smoothing(SGCS),standard normal variate(SNV)and multiplicative scatter correction(MSC),respectively,and then mined using partial least squares(PLS)algorithm to relate to the total counts of Pseudomonas spp.and Enterobacteriaceae(PEC)of fresh chicken breasts to predict PEC rapidly.The results showed that with full 900-1700 nm range wavelength,MSC-PLS model built with MSC spectra performed better than PLS models with other spectra(RAW-PLS,SGCS-PLS,SNV-PLS),with correlation coefficient(RP)of 0.954,root mean square error of prediction(RMSEP)of 0.396 log10 CFU/g and residual predictive deviation(RPD)of 3.33 in prediction set.Based on the 12 optimal wavelengths(902.2 nm,905.5 nm,923.6 nm,938.4 nm,946.7 nm,1025.7 nm,1124.4 nm,1211.6 nm,1269.2 nm,1653.7 nm,1691.8 nm and 1693.4 nm)selected from MSC spectra by successive projections algorithm(SPA),SPA-MSC-PLS model had RP of 0.954,RMSEP of 0.397 log10 CFU/g and RPD of 3.32,similar to MSC-PLS model.The overall study indicated that NIR spectra combined with PLS algorithm could be used to detect the PEC of chicken flesh in a rapid and non-destructive way.展开更多
Total viable count(TVC)is often used as an important indicator for chicken freshness evaluation.In this study,112 fresh chicken flesh samples were acquired after slaughtered and their hyperspectral images were collect...Total viable count(TVC)is often used as an important indicator for chicken freshness evaluation.In this study,112 fresh chicken flesh samples were acquired after slaughtered and their hyperspectral images were collected in the LW-NIR(900-1700 nm)range.The full LW-NIR spectra(486 wavebands)within the images were extracted and applied to related to reference TVC values measured in different storage periods,using partial least squares regression(PLSR)algorithm,resulting in high correlation coefficients(R)and low root mean square errors(RMSE),for either raw spectra or pretreatment spectra.By using regression coefficients(RC)method,20,18,17 and 20 optimal wavebands were respectively selected from raw spectra,baseline correction(BC)spectra,Savitzky-Golay convolution smoothing(SGCS)spectra and standard normal variate(SNV)spectra and applied for the optimization of original full waveband PLSR model.By comparison,RC-PLSR model based on the SGCS spectra showed a better performance in TVC prediction with RC of 0.98 and RMSEC of 0.35 log10 CFU/g in calibration set,and RP of 0.98 and RMSEP of 0.44 log10 CFU/g in prediction set.At last,by transferring the best RC-PLSR model,the dynamic TVC change during the storage was visualized by color maps to indicate the TVC spoilage degree.The overall study revealed that LW-NIR hyperspectral imaging combined with PLSR could be used to predict the freshness of chicken flesh.展开更多
This paper presents an efficient algorithm for globally solving a generalized linear fractional programming problem.For establishing this algorithm,we firstly construct a two-level linear relaxation method,and by util...This paper presents an efficient algorithm for globally solving a generalized linear fractional programming problem.For establishing this algorithm,we firstly construct a two-level linear relaxation method,and by utilizing the method,we can convert the initial generalized linear fractional programming problem and its subproblems into a series of linear programming relaxation problems.Based on the branch-and-bound framework and linear programming relaxation problems,a branch-and-bound algorithm is presented for globally solving the generalized linear fractional programming problem,and the computational complexity of the algorithm is given.Finally,numerical experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
Accurate and rapid determination of nitrite contents is an important step for guaranteeing sausage quality.This study attempted to mine hyperspectral data in the range of 900-1700 nm for non-destructive and rapid pred...Accurate and rapid determination of nitrite contents is an important step for guaranteeing sausage quality.This study attempted to mine hyperspectral data in the range of 900-1700 nm for non-destructive and rapid prediction of nitrite contents in sausages.The average spectra of 156 samples were collected to relate to the measured nitrite values by partial least squares(PLS)regression.Optimal wavelengths were respectively selected by successive projections algorithm(SPA)and regression coefficients(RC)to simplify the PLS model.The results indicated that PLS model established with 15 optimal wavelengths(900.5 nm,907.1 nm,908.8 nm,912.1 nm,915.4 nm,920.3 nm,922.0 nm,941.7 nm,979.6 nm,1083.2 nm,1213.2 nm,1353.0 nm,1460.2 nm,1595.6 nm and 1699.9 nm)selected by SPA had better performance with r C,r CV,r P of 0.92,0.89,0.89 and RMSEC,RMSECV,RMSEP of 0.41 mg/kg,0.89 mg/kg,0.49 mg/kg,respectively,for calibration set,cross-validation and prediction set.It was concluded that hyperspectral data could be mined by PLS&SPA for realizing the rapid evaluation of nitrite content in ham sausages.展开更多
Let X, Y be reflexive strictly convex Banach spaces, let T, δT ： X → Y be bounded linear operators with closed range R（T）. Put T= T ＋ δT. In this paper, by using the concept of quasiadditivity and the so called...Let X, Y be reflexive strictly convex Banach spaces, let T, δT ： X → Y be bounded linear operators with closed range R（T）. Put T= T ＋ δT. In this paper, by using the concept of quasiadditivity and the so called generalized Neumman lemma, we will give some error estimates of the bounds of ｜｜T^M｜｜. By using a relation between the concepts of the reduced minimum module and the gap of two subspaces, some new existence characterization of the Moore-Penrose metric generalized inverse T^M of the perturbed operator T will be also given.展开更多
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0201700)the Key Science and Technology Program (Agriculture) of Henan,China (182102110053)+2 种基金the Major Projects of Henan Institute of Science and Technology,China (14QN024)the Project of High-Level Talent Introduction of Henan Institute of Science and Technology,China (208010616003)the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Henan Institute of Science and Technology,China (208010616005) for the financial support given to the present research work
文摘In order to precisely assess gene expression level, a suitable internal reference gene must be chosen to quantify real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-qPCR） data. For greenbug, Schizaphis graminum, a suitable reference gene for assessing the level of transcriptional expression of target genes has yet to be explored. In our study, eight reference genes, elongation fator 1 beta （Ef1β）, TATA box binding protein （TBP）, alpha-tubulin （a-TUB）, 18S ribosomal （18S）, 28S ribosomal （28S）, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate （GAPDH）, actin （ACT）, and ribosomal protein L18 （RPL18） were evaluated in S. graminum at different developmental stages, tissues, and insecticide treatments. To further explore whether these genes are suitable to serve as internal control, three software-based approaches （geNorm, BestKeeper, and NormFinder）, ACt method, and one web-based comprehensive tool （RefFinder） were employed to analyze and rank the tested genes. The optimal number of reference genes was determined using the geNorm program, and the suitability of particular reference genes was empirically validated according to normalized gene expression data of three target genes, heat shock protein gene （HSP70）, cytocrome P450 gene （SgraCYP18A1）, and glutathione S-transferase （GST）. We found that the most suitable reference genes varied considerably under different experimental conditions. For developmental stages, a-TUB and 28S were the optimal reference genes; for different tissues, 18S and ACTwere suitable reference genes; for insecticide treatments, 28S and a-TUB were suitable for normalizations of expression data. In addition, 28S and a-TUB were the suitable reference gene as they had the most stable expression among different developmental stages, tissues and insecticide treatments. This should be useful for the selection of the suitable reference genes to obtain reliable RT- qPCR data in the gene expression of S. graminum.
基金support of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51802082)Training Plan for University’s Young Backbone Teachers of Henan Province(No.2019GGJS170)+2 种基金Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Provincial Science and Technology Department(No.142102210047)The New Century Excellent Talent Support Program for Colleges and Universities in Henan Province(No.2006HANCET-01)"Climbing"Project of Henan Institute of Science and Technology(No.2018CG04)。
文摘The development of a practical synthetic method to functionalize hollow mesoporous silica with organic groups is of current intere st for selective adsorption and ene rgy storage applications.Herein,a facile and controllable one-pot approach for the synthesis of monodisperse amino-functionalized hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles is presented.A novel solid-to-hollow structural transformation procedure of the silica nanoparticles is presented.The structural transformation is easily designed,as obse rved through transmission electro n microscopy,by tailo ring the HCl and N-lauroylsarcosine sodium molar ratio and the water content in the sol-gel.Ordered and radially oriented in situ aminofunctionalized mesochannels were successfully introduced into the shells of the hollow silica nanoparticles.A formation mechanism for the hollow mesoporous silica materials is discussed.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801707)the Key Projects of Science and Technology Research in Henan Province(182102110470)+3 种基金the Plant Protection of Key Discipline Project of Henan province(107020219001/005)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300203-3)First-Class Postdoctoral Research Grant in Henan Province(001701038)the Science-Technology Foundation for High Level Talent of Henan Institute of Science and Technology(2015028).
文摘Whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses are economically important plant pathogens that cause severe problems in many crop plants,such as tomato,papaya,cotton,and tobacco.Tomato yellow leaf curl virus(TYLCV)is a typical monopartite begomovirus that has been extensively studied,but methods that can efficiently control begomoviruses are still scarce.In this study,we combined artificial microRNA(amiRNA)-mediated silencing technology and clay nanosheetmediated delivery by spraying and developed a method for efficiently preventing TYLCV infection in tomato plants.We designed three amiRNAs that target different regions of TYLCV to silence virus-produced transcripts.Three plant expression vectors expressing pre-amiRNAs were constructed,and recombinant plasmid DNAs(pDNAs)were loaded onto nontoxic and degradable layered double hydroxide(LDH)clay nanosheets.LDH nanosheets containing multiple pDNAs were sprayed onto plant leaves.We found that the designed amiRNAs were significantly accumulated in leaves 7 days after spraying,while the pDNAs were sustainably detected for 35 days after the spray,suggesting that the LDH nanosheets released pDNAs in a sustained manner,protected pDNAs from degradation and efficiently delivered pDNAs into plant cells.Importantly,when the LDH nanosheets coated with pDNAs were sprayed onto plants infected by TYLCV,both the disease severity and TYLCV viral concentration in sprayed plants were significantly decreased during the 35 days,while the levels of H_(2)O_(2) were significantly increased in those plants.Taken together,these results indicate that LDH nanosheets loaded with pDNAs expressing amiRNAs can be a sustainable and promising tool for begomovirus control.
基金The authors acknowledged that this work was financially supported by Major Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province(Grant No.161100110600)Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province(No.212102310491,No.182102310060)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2018M632767)Henan Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.001801021)Youth Talents Support Project of Henan Province(No.2018HYTP008)and Bainong Outstanding Talents Project of Henan Institute of Science and Technology(No.BNYC2018-2-27).
文摘Pseudomonas spp.and Enterobacteriaceae are dominant spoilage bacteria in chicken during cold storage(0°C-4°C).In this study,high resolution spectra in the range of 900-1700 nm were acquired and preprocessed using Savitzky-Golay convolution smoothing(SGCS),standard normal variate(SNV)and multiplicative scatter correction(MSC),respectively,and then mined using partial least squares(PLS)algorithm to relate to the total counts of Pseudomonas spp.and Enterobacteriaceae(PEC)of fresh chicken breasts to predict PEC rapidly.The results showed that with full 900-1700 nm range wavelength,MSC-PLS model built with MSC spectra performed better than PLS models with other spectra(RAW-PLS,SGCS-PLS,SNV-PLS),with correlation coefficient(RP)of 0.954,root mean square error of prediction(RMSEP)of 0.396 log10 CFU/g and residual predictive deviation(RPD)of 3.33 in prediction set.Based on the 12 optimal wavelengths(902.2 nm,905.5 nm,923.6 nm,938.4 nm,946.7 nm,1025.7 nm,1124.4 nm,1211.6 nm,1269.2 nm,1653.7 nm,1691.8 nm and 1693.4 nm)selected from MSC spectra by successive projections algorithm(SPA),SPA-MSC-PLS model had RP of 0.954,RMSEP of 0.397 log10 CFU/g and RPD of 3.32,similar to MSC-PLS model.The overall study indicated that NIR spectra combined with PLS algorithm could be used to detect the PEC of chicken flesh in a rapid and non-destructive way.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by Major Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province(No.161100110600)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2018M632767)+3 种基金Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province(No.182102310060,No.182102110091)Youth Talents Lifting Project of Henan Province(No.[2017]132-08)Key Scientific Research Project of Henan Province(No.18A550007)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31860465).
文摘Total viable count(TVC)is often used as an important indicator for chicken freshness evaluation.In this study,112 fresh chicken flesh samples were acquired after slaughtered and their hyperspectral images were collected in the LW-NIR(900-1700 nm)range.The full LW-NIR spectra(486 wavebands)within the images were extracted and applied to related to reference TVC values measured in different storage periods,using partial least squares regression(PLSR)algorithm,resulting in high correlation coefficients(R)and low root mean square errors(RMSE),for either raw spectra or pretreatment spectra.By using regression coefficients(RC)method,20,18,17 and 20 optimal wavebands were respectively selected from raw spectra,baseline correction(BC)spectra,Savitzky-Golay convolution smoothing(SGCS)spectra and standard normal variate(SNV)spectra and applied for the optimization of original full waveband PLSR model.By comparison,RC-PLSR model based on the SGCS spectra showed a better performance in TVC prediction with RC of 0.98 and RMSEC of 0.35 log10 CFU/g in calibration set,and RP of 0.98 and RMSEP of 0.44 log10 CFU/g in prediction set.At last,by transferring the best RC-PLSR model,the dynamic TVC change during the storage was visualized by color maps to indicate the TVC spoilage degree.The overall study revealed that LW-NIR hyperspectral imaging combined with PLSR could be used to predict the freshness of chicken flesh.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11871196,12071133 and 12071112)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2017M622340)+1 种基金the Key Scientific and Technological Research Projects of Henan Province(Nos.202102210147 and 192102210114)the Science and Technology Climbing Program of Henan Institute of Science and Technology(No.2018JY01).
文摘This paper presents an efficient algorithm for globally solving a generalized linear fractional programming problem.For establishing this algorithm,we firstly construct a two-level linear relaxation method,and by utilizing the method,we can convert the initial generalized linear fractional programming problem and its subproblems into a series of linear programming relaxation problems.Based on the branch-and-bound framework and linear programming relaxation problems,a branch-and-bound algorithm is presented for globally solving the generalized linear fractional programming problem,and the computational complexity of the algorithm is given.Finally,numerical experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
基金The authors acknowledge that this work was financially supported by the Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province(Grant No.212102310491,No.182102310060)Major Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province(No.161100110600)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2018M632767)Henan Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.001801021)Youth Talents Lifting Project of Henan Province(No.2018HYTP008).
文摘Accurate and rapid determination of nitrite contents is an important step for guaranteeing sausage quality.This study attempted to mine hyperspectral data in the range of 900-1700 nm for non-destructive and rapid prediction of nitrite contents in sausages.The average spectra of 156 samples were collected to relate to the measured nitrite values by partial least squares(PLS)regression.Optimal wavelengths were respectively selected by successive projections algorithm(SPA)and regression coefficients(RC)to simplify the PLS model.The results indicated that PLS model established with 15 optimal wavelengths(900.5 nm,907.1 nm,908.8 nm,912.1 nm,915.4 nm,920.3 nm,922.0 nm,941.7 nm,979.6 nm,1083.2 nm,1213.2 nm,1353.0 nm,1460.2 nm,1595.6 nm and 1699.9 nm)selected by SPA had better performance with r C,r CV,r P of 0.92,0.89,0.89 and RMSEC,RMSECV,RMSEP of 0.41 mg/kg,0.89 mg/kg,0.49 mg/kg,respectively,for calibration set,cross-validation and prediction set.It was concluded that hyperspectral data could be mined by PLS&SPA for realizing the rapid evaluation of nitrite content in ham sausages.
基金supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2015M582186)He’nan Institute of Science and Technology Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.5201029470209)
文摘Let X, Y be reflexive strictly convex Banach spaces, let T, δT ： X → Y be bounded linear operators with closed range R（T）. Put T= T ＋ δT. In this paper, by using the concept of quasiadditivity and the so called generalized Neumman lemma, we will give some error estimates of the bounds of ｜｜T^M｜｜. By using a relation between the concepts of the reduced minimum module and the gap of two subspaces, some new existence characterization of the Moore-Penrose metric generalized inverse T^M of the perturbed operator T will be also given.
