Under the background of the in- depth transformation in the society, just as many problems will occur in the development of society, adolescents will also encounter many problems in their development.The following is ...Under the background of the in- depth transformation in the society, just as many problems will occur in the development of society, adolescents will also encounter many problems in their development.The following is a summary of some hot topics regarding adolescence under current research.展开更多
Migration has been most active among three maior population movements and affective to population distribution. However, this paper first finds that the pattern of China＇s inter-provincial migration is robust shace C...Migration has been most active among three maior population movements and affective to population distribution. However, this paper first finds that the pattern of China＇s inter-provincial migration is robust shace China＇s reibrming mad opening based on the analysis on the distribution of inter-provincial migration scale, intensity and population flow. Therelbre,展开更多
Clinicians need to remember that(1)systemic inflammations can increase clozapine level;(2)clozapine,by itself,can cause inflammation,particularly during titration that is too rapid for that patient;(3)clozapine may in...Clinicians need to remember that(1)systemic inflammations can increase clozapine level;(2)clozapine,by itself,can cause inflammation,particularly during titration that is too rapid for that patient;(3)clozapine may increase the risk of infection;and(4)more specifically,clozapine may be particularly strongly associated with the risk of pneumonia.Pneumonia appears to be associated with high mortality in clozapine patients around the world.Clinicians who are alert to the risk of pneumonia in clozapine patients may significantly decrease mortality in clozapine patients.There is no data on COVID-19 infections in clozapine patients,but based on what we know about clozapine pharmacology,we can hypothesise that clozapine,possibly by impairing immunological mechanisms,may increase the risk of pneumonia in infected patients.More importantly,once fever and/or pneumonia develops,the clozapine dose should be cut in half to decrease the risk of clozapine intoxication.If there is any doubt that in spite of halving the dose there are still signs of clozapine intoxication,completely stopping clozapine may be indicated.Once the signs of inflammation and fever have disappeared,the clozapine dose can be increased to the prior dosage level.展开更多
The organization of the brain follows a topologi-cal hierarchy that changes dynamically during development.However,it remains unknown whether and how cognitive training administered over multiple years during develop-...The organization of the brain follows a topologi-cal hierarchy that changes dynamically during development.However,it remains unknown whether and how cognitive training administered over multiple years during develop-ment can modify this hierarchical topology.By measuring the brain and behavior of school children who had carried out abacus-based mental calculation(AMC)training for five years(starting from 7 years to 12 years old)in pre-training and post-training,we revealed the reshaping effect of long-term AMC intervention during development on the brain hierarchical topology.We observed the development-induced emergence of the default network,AMC training-promoted shifting,and regional changes in cortical gradi-ents.Moreover,the training-induced gradient changes were located in visual and somatomotor areas in association with the visuospatial/motor-imagery strategy.We found that gradient-based features can predict the math ability within groups.Our findings provide novel insights into the dynamic nature of network recruitment impacted by long-term cognitive training during development.展开更多
Objective:High-quality and successful nursing care delivery in a variety of situations requires critical thinking training and professional commitment.The present study aimed to investigate critical thinking dispositi...Objective:High-quality and successful nursing care delivery in a variety of situations requires critical thinking training and professional commitment.The present study aimed to investigate critical thinking disposition,professional commitment,and the relationship between these 2 variables among nurses.Methods:As a result of stratified random sampling,201 nurses were enrolled in the present cross-sectional study.Data were gathered using a socio-demographic form,the Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory(CTDI),and the Nurses'Professional Commitment Scale(NPCS).Results:Although the critical thinking disposition scores were at a moderate level(115.70±13.55),the mean score for professional commitment was high(91.37±11.77).A positive correlation was found between critical thinking disposition and professional commitment(r=0.67,P=0.001).Conclusions:Nursing managers are urged to employ strategies to enhance nurses'critical thinking disposition and professional commitment.展开更多
AIMTo describe factors associated with treatment failure and frequency of resistance-associated substitutions （RAS）.METHODSHuman immunodefciency virus （HIV）/hepatitis C virus （HCV） coinfected patients starting a...AIMTo describe factors associated with treatment failure and frequency of resistance-associated substitutions （RAS）.METHODSHuman immunodefciency virus （HIV）/hepatitis C virus （HCV） coinfected patients starting a first direct-acting antiviral （DAA） regimen before February 2016 and included in the French ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH cohort were eligible. Failure was defned as： （1） non-response [HCV-RNA remained detectable during treatment, at end of treatment （EOT）]; and （2） relapse （HCV-RNA suppressed at EOT but detectable thereafter）. Sequencing analysis was performed to describe prevalence of drug class-specifc RAS. Factors associated with failure were determined using logistic regression models.RESULTSAmong 559 patients, 77% had suppressed plasmaHIV-RNA 〈 50 copies/mL at DAA treatment initiation41% were cirrhotic, and 68% were HCV treatmentexperienced. Virological treatment failures occurred in22 patients and were mainly relapses （17, 77%） thenundefined failures （3, 14%） and non-responses （29%）. Mean treatment duration was 16 wk overall. Posttreatment NS3, NS5A or NS5B RAS were detected in10/14 patients with samples available for sequencinganalysis. After adjustment for age, sex, ribavirin useHCV genotype and treatment duration, low platelecount was the only factor signifcantly associated with ahigher risk of failure （OR： 6.5; 95%CI： 1.8-22.6）. CONCLUSIONOnly 3.9% HIV-HCV coinfected patients failed DAAregimens and RAS were found in 70% of those failingLow platelet count was independently associated withvirological failure.展开更多
The majority of sarcomas are under the influence of a tumor microenvironment that dampens immune activity,resulting in resistance to monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints and reduced clinical effectivenes...The majority of sarcomas are under the influence of a tumor microenvironment that dampens immune activity,resulting in resistance to monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints and reduced clinical effectiveness.Preclinical studies indicate that targeting abnormal neoangiogenesis by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR)can alter the TME,thereby promoting T cell infiltration and increasing tumor immunogenicity.The REGOMUNE study,a phase II clinical trial,assessed the therapeutic combination of regorafenib,a multityrosine kinase inhibitor that targets VEGFR2 and the PD-L1 blocker avelumab,in individuals with advanced“cold”STS characterized by a lack of mature tertiary lymphoid structures(mTLS).Forty-nine mTLSnegative STS patients were enrolled,including leiomyosarcoma(45%),synovial sarcoma(18%),and other subtypes.The objective response rate was 11.0%(95%CI:4.0%-22.0%),with median progression-free survival and overall survival of 1.8 months(95%CI,1.7-3.5 months)and 15.1 months,respectively.Frequent adverse events included grade 1 or 2 palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia,fatigue,and diarrhea.On-treatment multiplex immunofluorescence analysis revealed significant increases in CD8+T cell and B cell infiltration and PD1 expression on immune cells.Plasma analysis indicated significant upregulation of soluble PD-L1(sPD-L1)levels and tryptophan consumption.Overall,these results indicate that anti-angiogenic therapy modulates the tumor microenvironment in patients with cold STS and highlight the need for complementary strategies to enhance the functional activity of immune cells in this particular setting.展开更多
The subgenual anterior cingulate cortex(sgACC)plays a central role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder(MDD).Its functional interactive profile with the left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC)is as...The subgenual anterior cingulate cortex(sgACC)plays a central role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder(MDD).Its functional interactive profile with the left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC)is associated with transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)treatment outcomes.Previous research on sgACC functional connectivity(FC)in MDD has yielded inconsistent results,partly due to small sample sizes and limited statistical power.Furthermore,calculating sgACC-FC to target TMS individually is challenging.We used a large multi-site cross-sectional sample(1660 patients with MDD vs.1341 healthy controls)from Phase Ⅱ of the Depression Imaging REsearch ConsorTium(DIRECT)to systematically delineate case-control difference maps of sgACC-FC.We explored the potential impact of group-level abnormality profiles on TMS target localization and clinical efficacy.Next,we developed an MDD big data-guided,individualized TMS targeting algorithm to integrate group-level statistical maps with individual-level brain activity to individually localize TMS targets.We found enhanced sgACCDLPFC FC in patients with MDD compared with healthy controls(HC).These group differences altered the position of the sgACC anti-correlation peak in the left DLPFC.We showed that the magnitude of case-control differences in the sgACC-FC was related to clinical improvement in two independent clinical samples.This targeting algorithm may generate targets demonstrating stronger associations with clinical efficiency than group-level targets.We reliably delineated MDD-related abnormalities of sgACC-FC profiles in a large,independently ascertained sample and demonstrated the potential impact of such casecontrol differences on FC-guided localization of TMS targets.展开更多
Background:The differential diagnosis of optic disc edema at the acute phase can be challenging.OCT angiography(OCTA)is a new technology allowing the visualization of the peripapillary vascular network and optic disc ...Background:The differential diagnosis of optic disc edema at the acute phase can be challenging.OCT angiography(OCTA)is a new technology allowing the visualization of the peripapillary vascular network and optic disc capillaries.The peripapillary network alterations of glaucoma and chronic non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy(NAION)were reported.However,no OCTA studies on acute optic disc edema from various causes.The aim of this project was to use OCTA to demonstrate the vascular changes the optic nerve head of various types of optic disc edema at the acute phase.Methods:In this retrospective study,patients with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy(NAION),papillitis or papilledema were recruited.Each patient was imaged using the AngioPlex^(TM)CIRRUS^(TM)HD-OCT device(model 5000,Carl Zeiss Meditec,Inc.,Dublin,USA)with a scanning area of 6×6 mm^(2) centered on the optic disc.A morphological analysis of the peripapillary network was performed.For some patients with unilateral optic disc edema,a quantitative analysis was performed using a swept-source OCT-A system(PLEX®Elite 9000,Carl Zeiss Meditec,Inc.,Dublin,USA).Vessel perfusion density and flux index of the peripapillary area were calculated.Results:Eight eyes with NAION(4 patients),12 eyes with papillitis(6 patients)and 25 eyes with papilledema(13 patients)were imaged.The apparent disappearance or moderate pattern alteration of the peripapillary capillary vessels were observed in patients with NAION or papillitis,respectively.For papilledema,the capillaries at the surface of the optic disc were dilated and tortuous,but no peripapillary network pattern changes were observed.The quantitative analysis did not show any difference of peripapillary network between NAION and healthy eyes.For papillitis,the flux index was higher in inflammatory eyes compared to the healthy eyes in average(p=0.03).Conclusion:At the acute phase,the morphological analysis of OCT-A appeared to be more useful than the quantification analysis,facilitating the differentiation between the three kinds of ONH edema:ischemic,inflammatory and papilledema.展开更多
It is of great scientific and translational promise to formulate a normative reference for the lifespan development of human brain to precisely quantify individual differences.By aggregating more than 120,000 brain im...It is of great scientific and translational promise to formulate a normative reference for the lifespan development of human brain to precisely quantify individual differences.By aggregating more than 120,000 brain imaging scans across the world,the Lifespan Brain Chart Consortium(LBCC)recently published brain charts for the human lifespan in Nature[1].展开更多
The Connectome Computation System(CCS)was previously reported in the Science Bulletin[1].Here,we describe a summary of the 6-year CCS updates(2015–2021),which are accessible at https://github.com/zuoxinian/CCS.These ...The Connectome Computation System(CCS)was previously reported in the Science Bulletin[1].Here,we describe a summary of the 6-year CCS updates(2015–2021),which are accessible at https://github.com/zuoxinian/CCS.These updates contain many utilities of mining developmental neuroimaging data.Specifically,H1 module covers the data cleaning and preprocessing and refines the implementations of face-masking,brain extraction,denoising,and frequency banding.展开更多
Objective:To determine if meat or soy protein dietary supplementation will enhance the neuro-cognitive performance of HIV-affected children at-risk of malnutrition and food insecurity.Methods:A randomized,double-blind...Objective:To determine if meat or soy protein dietary supplementation will enhance the neuro-cognitive performance of HIV-affected children at-risk of malnutrition and food insecurity.Methods:A randomized,double-blind,controlled intervention trial evaluated the effect of nu-tritional supplementation on the neurocognitive outcomes of 49 HIV-affected school-age children in western Kenya.The intervention consisted in providing the mother,target child,and siblings with one of three isocaloric biscuit-type supplements-soy,wheat,or beef-on 5 days per week for 18 months.Neurocognitive outcomes of the target children were assessed by a battery of eight measures and followed up longitudinally for up to 24 months.Results:Mixed effects modeling demonstrated significant differences in the rates of increase over time among all three groups(F test degrees of freedom of 2,P<0.05)for Raven’s progressive matrices performance,but not for verbal meaning,arithmetic,digit span backward,forward,and total,embedded figure test,and Beery visual-motor integration scores.Conclusion:HIV-affected school-age children provided with soy protein supplementation showed greater improvement in nonverbal cognitive(fluid intelligence)performance compared with peers who received isocaloric beef or wheat biscuits.Soy nutrients may have an enhancing effect on neurocognitive skills in HIV-affected school-age children.展开更多
Mental disorders are common health concerns and contribute to a heavy global burden on our modern society.It is challenging to identify and treat them timely.Neuroimaging evidence suggests the incidence of various psy...Mental disorders are common health concerns and contribute to a heavy global burden on our modern society.It is challenging to identify and treat them timely.Neuroimaging evidence suggests the incidence of various psychiatric and behavioral disorders is closely related to the atypical development of brain structure and function.The identification and understanding of atypical brain development provide chances for clinicians to detect mental disorders earlier,perhaps even prior to onset,and treat them more precisely.An invaluable and necessary method in identifying and monitoring atypical brain development are growth charts of typically developing individuals in the population.The brain growth charts can offer a series of standard references on typical neurodevelopment,representing an important resource for the scientific and medical communities.In the present paper,we review the relationship between mental disorders and atypical brain development from a perspective of normative brain development by surveying the recent progress in the development of brain growth charts,including four aspects on growth chart utility:1)cohorts,2)measures,3)mechanisms,and 4)clinical translations.In doing so,we seek to clarify the challenges and opportunities in charting brain growth,and to promote the application of brain growth charts in clinical practice.展开更多
The publisher regrets to note that reference citation errors have occurred in panels b,c,e-l in Fig 2 and the sentence“However,the literature reports both decreased and increased intra-network functional connections ...The publisher regrets to note that reference citation errors have occurred in panels b,c,e-l in Fig 2 and the sentence“However,the literature reports both decreased and increased intra-network functional connections among patients with depression[115,116].”The publisher would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.Fig.2.Principal neuroimaging findings in major depressive disorder.(a)Decreased intra-DMN FC is observed in recurrent MDD patients[35].(b)Eight-week antidepressant treatment reduce extensive large-scale functional networks[107].(c)Reduced global and local efficiency(Eglob/Eloc)are revealed in MDD patients[108].(d)Structural variations of the cortex and subcortical nuclei are found in ENIGMA-MDD studies[82].(e)Accelerated brain aging based on functional MRI is observed in MDD patients[114].(f)Accelerated brain aging based on structural MRI is observed in MDD patients[115].(g)Two subtypes of MDD can be identified through DMN FC[127].(h)A significant schizophrenia PRS by MDD interaction for rostral anterior cingulate cortex thickness is found in the UK Biobank dataset[215].(i)Stability of the four MDD subtypes based on FC[126].(j)The two subtypes of MDD exhibit distinct patterns of FC within and between SMS,DMN,and subcortical structures[130].(k)Performance of the functional connectivity-based classifiers across two multicenter datasets[135].(l)Salient brain regions that serve as important classification features for the graph convolutional network-based classifier[136].Brain-PAD:brain-predicted age difference;DAN:dorsal attention network;DMN:default mode network;FC:functional connectivity;FEDN:first-episode and drug-naïve;FPN:frontoparietal network;GCN:graph convolutional neural network;HC:healthy control;linear-SVM:linear support vector machine;MDD:major depressive disorder;mddrest:REST-meta-MDD dataset;NC:normal control;RACC:rostral anterior cingulate cortex;PRS:polygenic risk score;psymri:PsyMRI dataset;rbf-SVM:radial basis function support vector machine;SCN:subcortical network;SCZ:schizophrenia;SMN:sensorimotor network;SMS:sensory and motor systems;SubC:subcortical network;VAN:ventral attention network;VN:visual network.展开更多
Abnormal structure and function of the human brain cause various mental and neurological disorders.The search for neurobiological mechanisms and biomarkers associated with psychiatric disorders has always been a focal...Abnormal structure and function of the human brain cause various mental and neurological disorders.The search for neurobiological mechanisms and biomarkers associated with psychiatric disorders has always been a focal point and a challenging issue in neuroscience.Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)allows the noninvasive re-cording of high spatial-temporal resolution brain activity in patients,making it one of the primary research methods in integrative neuroscience.展开更多
Recent advances in open neuroimaging data are enhancing our comprehension of neuropsychiatric disorders.By pooling images from various cohorts,statistical power has increased,enabling the detection of subtle abnormali...Recent advances in open neuroimaging data are enhancing our comprehension of neuropsychiatric disorders.By pooling images from various cohorts,statistical power has increased,enabling the detection of subtle abnormalities and robust associations,and fostering new research methods.Global collaborations in imaging have furthered our knowledge of the neurobiological foundations of brain disorders and aided in imaging-based prediction for more targeted treatment.Large-scale magnetic resonance imaging initiatives are driving innovation in analytics and supporting generalizable psychiatric studies.We also emphasize the significant role of big data in understanding neural mechanisms and in the early identification and precise treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.However,challenges such as data harmonization across different sites,privacy protection,and effective data sharing must be addressed.With proper governance and open science practices,we conclude with a projection of how large-scale imaging resources and collaborations could revolutionize diagnosis,treatment selection,and outcome prediction,contributing to optimal brain health.展开更多
Gastrointestinal infections are a major cause for serious clinical complications in infants.The induction of antibody responses by B cells is critical for protective immunity against infections and requires CXCR5+PD-1...Gastrointestinal infections are a major cause for serious clinical complications in infants.The induction of antibody responses by B cells is critical for protective immunity against infections and requires CXCR5+PD-1++CD4+T cells(TFH cells).We investigated the ontogeny of CXCR5+PD-1++CD4+T cells in human intestines.While CXCR5+PD-1++CD4+T cells were absent in fetal intestines,CXCR5+PD-1++CD4+T cells increased after birth and were abundant in infant intestines,resulting in significant higher numbers compared to adults.These findings were supported by scRNAseq analyses,showing increased frequencies of CD4+T cells with a TFH gene signature in infant intestines compared to blood.Co-cultures of autologous infant intestinal CXCR5+PD-1+/−CD4+T cells with B cells further demonstrated that infant intestinal TFH cells were able to effectively promote class switching and antibody production by B cells.Taken together,we demonstrate that functional TFH cells are numerous in infant intestines,making them a promising target for oral pediatric vaccine strategies.展开更多
In July 2023,the Center of Excellence in Respiratory Pathogens organized a two-day workshop on infectious diseases modelling and the lessons learnt from the Covid-19 pandemic.This report summarizes the rich discussion...In July 2023,the Center of Excellence in Respiratory Pathogens organized a two-day workshop on infectious diseases modelling and the lessons learnt from the Covid-19 pandemic.This report summarizes the rich discussions that occurred during the workshop.The workshop participants discussed multisource data integration and highlighted the benefits of combining traditional surveillance with more novel data sources like mobility data,social media,and wastewater monitoring.Significant advancements were noted in the development of predictive models,with examples from various countries showcasing the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence in detecting and monitoring disease trends.The role of open collaboration between various stakeholders in modelling was stressed,advocating for the continuation of such partnerships beyond the pandemic.A major gap identified was the absence of a common international framework for data sharing,which is crucial for global pandemic preparedness.Overall,the workshop underscored the need for robust,adaptable modelling frameworks and the integration of different data sources and collaboration across sectors,as key elements in enhancing future pandemic response and preparedness.展开更多
Despite a growing neuroimaging literature on the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder(MDD),repro-ducible findings are lacking,probably reflecting mostly small sample sizes and heterogeneity in analytic approac...Despite a growing neuroimaging literature on the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder(MDD),repro-ducible findings are lacking,probably reflecting mostly small sample sizes and heterogeneity in analytic approaches.To address these issues,the Depression Imaging REsearch ConsorTium(DIRECT)was launched.The REST-meta-MDD project,pooling 2428 functional brain images processed with a standardized pipeline across all participating sites,has been the first effort from DIRECT.In this review,we present an overview of the moti-vations,rationale,and principal findings of the studies so far from the REST-meta-MDD project.Findings from the first round of analyses of the pooled repository have included alterations in functional connectivity within the default mode network,in whole-brain topological properties,in dynamic features,and in functional lat-eralization.These well-powered exploratory observations have also provided the basis for future longitudinal hypothesis-driven research.Following these fruitful explorations,DIRECT has proceeded to its second stage of data sharing that seeks to examine ethnicity in brain alterations in MDD by extending the exclusive Chinese original sample to other ethnic groups through international collaborations.A state-of-the-art,surface-based preprocessing pipeline has also been introduced to improve sensitivity.Functional images from patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia will be included to identify shared and unique abnormalities across diag-nosis boundaries.In addition,large-scale longitudinal studies targeting brain network alterations following antidepressant treatment,aggregation of diffusion tensor images,and the development of functional magnetic resonance imaging-guided neuromodulation approaches are underway.Through these endeavours,we hope to accelerate the translation of functional neuroimaging findings to clinical use,such as evaluating longitudinal effects of antidepressant medications and developing individualized neuromodulation targets,while building an open repository for the scientific community.展开更多
文摘Under the background of the in- depth transformation in the society, just as many problems will occur in the development of society, adolescents will also encounter many problems in their development.The following is a summary of some hot topics regarding adolescence under current research.
文摘Migration has been most active among three maior population movements and affective to population distribution. However, this paper first finds that the pattern of China＇s inter-provincial migration is robust shace China＇s reibrming mad opening based on the analysis on the distribution of inter-provincial migration scale, intensity and population flow. Therelbre,
文摘Clinicians need to remember that(1)systemic inflammations can increase clozapine level;(2)clozapine,by itself,can cause inflammation,particularly during titration that is too rapid for that patient;(3)clozapine may increase the risk of infection;and(4)more specifically,clozapine may be particularly strongly associated with the risk of pneumonia.Pneumonia appears to be associated with high mortality in clozapine patients around the world.Clinicians who are alert to the risk of pneumonia in clozapine patients may significantly decrease mortality in clozapine patients.There is no data on COVID-19 infections in clozapine patients,but based on what we know about clozapine pharmacology,we can hypothesise that clozapine,possibly by impairing immunological mechanisms,may increase the risk of pneumonia in infected patients.More importantly,once fever and/or pneumonia develops,the clozapine dose should be cut in half to decrease the risk of clozapine intoxication.If there is any doubt that in spite of halving the dose there are still signs of clozapine intoxication,completely stopping clozapine may be indicated.Once the signs of inflammation and fever have disappeared,the clozapine dose can be increased to the prior dosage level.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071096 and 31270026)the National Social Science Foundation(17ZDA323)+3 种基金the STI 2030-Major Projects(2021ZD0200500)the Hong Kong Baptist University Research Committee Interdisciplinary Research Matching Scheme 2018/19(IRMS/18-19/SCI01)the Recruitment Program of Global Experts of Zhejiang Provincethe Start-up Funds for Leading Talents at Beijing Normal University and the National Basic Science Data Center“Chinese Data-sharing Warehouse for In-vivo Imaging Brain”(NBSDC-DB-15).
文摘The organization of the brain follows a topologi-cal hierarchy that changes dynamically during development.However,it remains unknown whether and how cognitive training administered over multiple years during develop-ment can modify this hierarchical topology.By measuring the brain and behavior of school children who had carried out abacus-based mental calculation(AMC)training for five years(starting from 7 years to 12 years old)in pre-training and post-training,we revealed the reshaping effect of long-term AMC intervention during development on the brain hierarchical topology.We observed the development-induced emergence of the default network,AMC training-promoted shifting,and regional changes in cortical gradi-ents.Moreover,the training-induced gradient changes were located in visual and somatomotor areas in association with the visuospatial/motor-imagery strategy.We found that gradient-based features can predict the math ability within groups.Our findings provide novel insights into the dynamic nature of network recruitment impacted by long-term cognitive training during development.
文摘Objective:High-quality and successful nursing care delivery in a variety of situations requires critical thinking training and professional commitment.The present study aimed to investigate critical thinking disposition,professional commitment,and the relationship between these 2 variables among nurses.Methods:As a result of stratified random sampling,201 nurses were enrolled in the present cross-sectional study.Data were gathered using a socio-demographic form,the Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory(CTDI),and the Nurses'Professional Commitment Scale(NPCS).Results:Although the critical thinking disposition scores were at a moderate level(115.70±13.55),the mean score for professional commitment was high(91.37±11.77).A positive correlation was found between critical thinking disposition and professional commitment(r=0.67,P=0.001).Conclusions:Nursing managers are urged to employ strategies to enhance nurses'critical thinking disposition and professional commitment.
基金Supported by Inserm-ANRS(French National Institute for Health and Medical Research-ANRS/France REcherche Nord and Sud Sida-hiv Hépatites)
文摘AIMTo describe factors associated with treatment failure and frequency of resistance-associated substitutions （RAS）.METHODSHuman immunodefciency virus （HIV）/hepatitis C virus （HCV） coinfected patients starting a first direct-acting antiviral （DAA） regimen before February 2016 and included in the French ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH cohort were eligible. Failure was defned as： （1） non-response [HCV-RNA remained detectable during treatment, at end of treatment （EOT）]; and （2） relapse （HCV-RNA suppressed at EOT but detectable thereafter）. Sequencing analysis was performed to describe prevalence of drug class-specifc RAS. Factors associated with failure were determined using logistic regression models.RESULTSAmong 559 patients, 77% had suppressed plasmaHIV-RNA 〈 50 copies/mL at DAA treatment initiation41% were cirrhotic, and 68% were HCV treatmentexperienced. Virological treatment failures occurred in22 patients and were mainly relapses （17, 77%） thenundefined failures （3, 14%） and non-responses （29%）. Mean treatment duration was 16 wk overall. Posttreatment NS3, NS5A or NS5B RAS were detected in10/14 patients with samples available for sequencinganalysis. After adjustment for age, sex, ribavirin useHCV genotype and treatment duration, low platelecount was the only factor signifcantly associated with ahigher risk of failure （OR： 6.5; 95%CI： 1.8-22.6）. CONCLUSIONOnly 3.9% HIV-HCV coinfected patients failed DAAregimens and RAS were found in 70% of those failingLow platelet count was independently associated withvirological failure.
基金Institut National du Cancer,from the Association pour la Recherche contre le Cancer and by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche(ANR 21 RHUS 0010).
文摘The majority of sarcomas are under the influence of a tumor microenvironment that dampens immune activity,resulting in resistance to monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints and reduced clinical effectiveness.Preclinical studies indicate that targeting abnormal neoangiogenesis by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR)can alter the TME,thereby promoting T cell infiltration and increasing tumor immunogenicity.The REGOMUNE study,a phase II clinical trial,assessed the therapeutic combination of regorafenib,a multityrosine kinase inhibitor that targets VEGFR2 and the PD-L1 blocker avelumab,in individuals with advanced“cold”STS characterized by a lack of mature tertiary lymphoid structures(mTLS).Forty-nine mTLSnegative STS patients were enrolled,including leiomyosarcoma(45%),synovial sarcoma(18%),and other subtypes.The objective response rate was 11.0%(95%CI:4.0%-22.0%),with median progression-free survival and overall survival of 1.8 months(95%CI,1.7-3.5 months)and 15.1 months,respectively.Frequent adverse events included grade 1 or 2 palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia,fatigue,and diarrhea.On-treatment multiplex immunofluorescence analysis revealed significant increases in CD8+T cell and B cell infiltration and PD1 expression on immune cells.Plasma analysis indicated significant upregulation of soluble PD-L1(sPD-L1)levels and tryptophan consumption.Overall,these results indicate that anti-angiogenic therapy modulates the tumor microenvironment in patients with cold STS and highlight the need for complementary strategies to enhance the functional activity of immune cells in this particular setting.
基金the Beijing Nova Program of Science and Technology(20230484465)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(J230040)+12 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82122035,81671774,81630031,and 32300933)the Sci-Tech Innovation 2030–Major Project of Brain Science and Braininspired Intelligence Technology(2021ZD0200600)the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC1309902)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDBS-SSW-JSC006)the Scientific Foundation of Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(E2CX4425YZ,E3CX1315,and Y9CX422005)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M660847)the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20200360)the Special Research Assistant Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(E2CX0624)the Key R&D Program of Sichuan Province(2023YFS0076)the Canadian Institutes of Health Research(CIHR),the National Institutes of Health–US(NIH)the Brain Canada Foundationthe Temerty Family through the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health(CAMH)Foundation and the Campbell Family Research Institutethe China Scholarship Council(202104910248)during a visit of Xiao Chen to the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health is acknowledged.
文摘The subgenual anterior cingulate cortex(sgACC)plays a central role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder(MDD).Its functional interactive profile with the left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC)is associated with transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)treatment outcomes.Previous research on sgACC functional connectivity(FC)in MDD has yielded inconsistent results,partly due to small sample sizes and limited statistical power.Furthermore,calculating sgACC-FC to target TMS individually is challenging.We used a large multi-site cross-sectional sample(1660 patients with MDD vs.1341 healthy controls)from Phase Ⅱ of the Depression Imaging REsearch ConsorTium(DIRECT)to systematically delineate case-control difference maps of sgACC-FC.We explored the potential impact of group-level abnormality profiles on TMS target localization and clinical efficacy.Next,we developed an MDD big data-guided,individualized TMS targeting algorithm to integrate group-level statistical maps with individual-level brain activity to individually localize TMS targets.We found enhanced sgACCDLPFC FC in patients with MDD compared with healthy controls(HC).These group differences altered the position of the sgACC anti-correlation peak in the left DLPFC.We showed that the magnitude of case-control differences in the sgACC-FC was related to clinical improvement in two independent clinical samples.This targeting algorithm may generate targets demonstrating stronger associations with clinical efficiency than group-level targets.We reliably delineated MDD-related abnormalities of sgACC-FC profiles in a large,independently ascertained sample and demonstrated the potential impact of such casecontrol differences on FC-guided localization of TMS targets.
文摘Background:The differential diagnosis of optic disc edema at the acute phase can be challenging.OCT angiography(OCTA)is a new technology allowing the visualization of the peripapillary vascular network and optic disc capillaries.The peripapillary network alterations of glaucoma and chronic non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy(NAION)were reported.However,no OCTA studies on acute optic disc edema from various causes.The aim of this project was to use OCTA to demonstrate the vascular changes the optic nerve head of various types of optic disc edema at the acute phase.Methods:In this retrospective study,patients with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy(NAION),papillitis or papilledema were recruited.Each patient was imaged using the AngioPlex^(TM)CIRRUS^(TM)HD-OCT device(model 5000,Carl Zeiss Meditec,Inc.,Dublin,USA)with a scanning area of 6×6 mm^(2) centered on the optic disc.A morphological analysis of the peripapillary network was performed.For some patients with unilateral optic disc edema,a quantitative analysis was performed using a swept-source OCT-A system(PLEX®Elite 9000,Carl Zeiss Meditec,Inc.,Dublin,USA).Vessel perfusion density and flux index of the peripapillary area were calculated.Results:Eight eyes with NAION(4 patients),12 eyes with papillitis(6 patients)and 25 eyes with papilledema(13 patients)were imaged.The apparent disappearance or moderate pattern alteration of the peripapillary capillary vessels were observed in patients with NAION or papillitis,respectively.For papilledema,the capillaries at the surface of the optic disc were dilated and tortuous,but no peripapillary network pattern changes were observed.The quantitative analysis did not show any difference of peripapillary network between NAION and healthy eyes.For papillitis,the flux index was higher in inflammatory eyes compared to the healthy eyes in average(p=0.03).Conclusion:At the acute phase,the morphological analysis of OCT-A appeared to be more useful than the quantification analysis,facilitating the differentiation between the three kinds of ONH edema:ischemic,inflammatory and papilledema.
基金supported by the STI 2030–the major project of the Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology(2021ZD0200500)。
文摘It is of great scientific and translational promise to formulate a normative reference for the lifespan development of human brain to precisely quantify individual differences.By aggregating more than 120,000 brain imaging scans across the world,the Lifespan Brain Chart Consortium(LBCC)recently published brain charts for the human lifespan in Nature[1].
基金supported by the Startup Funds for Leading Talents at Beijing Normal Universitythe National Basic Science Data Center‘Chinese Data-sharing Warehouse for In-vivo Imaging Brain’(NBSDC-DB-15)+2 种基金The neuroimaging data were provided by the HCP WU-Minn Consortium,which is funded by the 16 NIH institutescenters that support the NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research 1U54MH091657(principal investigators:David Van Essen and Kamil Ugurbil)the McDonnell Center for Systems Neuroscience at Washington University。
文摘The Connectome Computation System(CCS)was previously reported in the Science Bulletin[1].Here,we describe a summary of the 6-year CCS updates(2015–2021),which are accessible at https://github.com/zuoxinian/CCS.These updates contain many utilities of mining developmental neuroimaging data.Specifically,H1 module covers the data cleaning and preprocessing and refines the implementations of face-masking,brain extraction,denoising,and frequency banding.
基金The research was supported by USAID Grant No.PCE-G-00-98-00036-00National Institutes of Health-Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH-(NICHD)1R01HD57646-01A1(CFDA#93.865),5R01HD057646-04“Increasing Animal Source Foods in Diets of HIV-infected Kenyan Women and Their Children”+2 种基金Center for HIV Identification,Prevention,and Treatment(CHIPTS)NIMH grant P30MH058107UCLA Center for AIDS Research(CFAR)grant 5P30AI028697,Core HBeef Checkoff,Heifer Project International,as well as internal support from Indiana University,UCLA,and Moi University.
文摘Objective:To determine if meat or soy protein dietary supplementation will enhance the neuro-cognitive performance of HIV-affected children at-risk of malnutrition and food insecurity.Methods:A randomized,double-blind,controlled intervention trial evaluated the effect of nu-tritional supplementation on the neurocognitive outcomes of 49 HIV-affected school-age children in western Kenya.The intervention consisted in providing the mother,target child,and siblings with one of three isocaloric biscuit-type supplements-soy,wheat,or beef-on 5 days per week for 18 months.Neurocognitive outcomes of the target children were assessed by a battery of eight measures and followed up longitudinally for up to 24 months.Results:Mixed effects modeling demonstrated significant differences in the rates of increase over time among all three groups(F test degrees of freedom of 2,P<0.05)for Raven’s progressive matrices performance,but not for verbal meaning,arithmetic,digit span backward,forward,and total,embedded figure test,and Beery visual-motor integration scores.Conclusion:HIV-affected school-age children provided with soy protein supplementation showed greater improvement in nonverbal cognitive(fluid intelligence)performance compared with peers who received isocaloric beef or wheat biscuits.Soy nutrients may have an enhancing effect on neurocognitive skills in HIV-affected school-age children.
基金supported by the Child Brain-Mind Development Cohort Study in China Brain Initiative(SQ2021AAA010024)the Start-up Funds for Leading Talents at Beijing Normal University,the National Basic Science Data Center“Chinese Data-sharing Warehouse for In-vivo Imaging Brain”(NBSDC-DB-15)+2 种基金the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Z161100002616023)the Major Project of National Social Science Foundation of China(20&ZD296)Dr Avram J.Holmes is supported by the National Institutes of Health(R01MH120080).
文摘Mental disorders are common health concerns and contribute to a heavy global burden on our modern society.It is challenging to identify and treat them timely.Neuroimaging evidence suggests the incidence of various psychiatric and behavioral disorders is closely related to the atypical development of brain structure and function.The identification and understanding of atypical brain development provide chances for clinicians to detect mental disorders earlier,perhaps even prior to onset,and treat them more precisely.An invaluable and necessary method in identifying and monitoring atypical brain development are growth charts of typically developing individuals in the population.The brain growth charts can offer a series of standard references on typical neurodevelopment,representing an important resource for the scientific and medical communities.In the present paper,we review the relationship between mental disorders and atypical brain development from a perspective of normative brain development by surveying the recent progress in the development of brain growth charts,including four aspects on growth chart utility:1)cohorts,2)measures,3)mechanisms,and 4)clinical translations.In doing so,we seek to clarify the challenges and opportunities in charting brain growth,and to promote the application of brain growth charts in clinical practice.
文摘The publisher regrets to note that reference citation errors have occurred in panels b,c,e-l in Fig 2 and the sentence“However,the literature reports both decreased and increased intra-network functional connections among patients with depression[115,116].”The publisher would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.Fig.2.Principal neuroimaging findings in major depressive disorder.(a)Decreased intra-DMN FC is observed in recurrent MDD patients[35].(b)Eight-week antidepressant treatment reduce extensive large-scale functional networks[107].(c)Reduced global and local efficiency(Eglob/Eloc)are revealed in MDD patients[108].(d)Structural variations of the cortex and subcortical nuclei are found in ENIGMA-MDD studies[82].(e)Accelerated brain aging based on functional MRI is observed in MDD patients[114].(f)Accelerated brain aging based on structural MRI is observed in MDD patients[115].(g)Two subtypes of MDD can be identified through DMN FC[127].(h)A significant schizophrenia PRS by MDD interaction for rostral anterior cingulate cortex thickness is found in the UK Biobank dataset[215].(i)Stability of the four MDD subtypes based on FC[126].(j)The two subtypes of MDD exhibit distinct patterns of FC within and between SMS,DMN,and subcortical structures[130].(k)Performance of the functional connectivity-based classifiers across two multicenter datasets[135].(l)Salient brain regions that serve as important classification features for the graph convolutional network-based classifier[136].Brain-PAD:brain-predicted age difference;DAN:dorsal attention network;DMN:default mode network;FC:functional connectivity;FEDN:first-episode and drug-naïve;FPN:frontoparietal network;GCN:graph convolutional neural network;HC:healthy control;linear-SVM:linear support vector machine;MDD:major depressive disorder;mddrest:REST-meta-MDD dataset;NC:normal control;RACC:rostral anterior cingulate cortex;PRS:polygenic risk score;psymri:PsyMRI dataset;rbf-SVM:radial basis function support vector machine;SCN:subcortical network;SCZ:schizophrenia;SMN:sensorimotor network;SMS:sensory and motor systems;SubC:subcortical network;VAN:ventral attention network;VN:visual network.
基金supported by the STI 2030-the major projects of the Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology(2021ZD0200500)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M730302).
文摘Abnormal structure and function of the human brain cause various mental and neurological disorders.The search for neurobiological mechanisms and biomarkers associated with psychiatric disorders has always been a focal point and a challenging issue in neuroscience.Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)allows the noninvasive re-cording of high spatial-temporal resolution brain activity in patients,making it one of the primary research methods in integrative neuroscience.
基金supported by the Sci-Tech Innovation 2030-Major Projects of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology(2021ZD0200600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82122035,81671774,81630031,32300933)+3 种基金the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDBS-SSW-JSC006)Beijing Nova Program of Science and Technology(Z191100001119104 and 20230484465)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(J230040)the Scientific Foundation of Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(E3CX1425,E2CX4425YZ).
文摘Recent advances in open neuroimaging data are enhancing our comprehension of neuropsychiatric disorders.By pooling images from various cohorts,statistical power has increased,enabling the detection of subtle abnormalities and robust associations,and fostering new research methods.Global collaborations in imaging have furthered our knowledge of the neurobiological foundations of brain disorders and aided in imaging-based prediction for more targeted treatment.Large-scale magnetic resonance imaging initiatives are driving innovation in analytics and supporting generalizable psychiatric studies.We also emphasize the significant role of big data in understanding neural mechanisms and in the early identification and precise treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.However,challenges such as data harmonization across different sites,privacy protection,and effective data sharing must be addressed.With proper governance and open science practices,we conclude with a projection of how large-scale imaging resources and collaborations could revolutionize diagnosis,treatment selection,and outcome prediction,contributing to optimal brain health.
基金supported by the Innovative Antiviral Therapy Program,Leibniz Institute of Virology(LIV),the German Center for Infection Research(DZIF),EFRE 2014-2020 REACT-EU,Dutch Digestive Fund(MLDS CDG 15-02)Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(BU 3630/2-1)+1 种基金Hüet Roëll Foundation.MK is supported by a Walter Benjamin Fellowship of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(KA5554/1-1,KA5554/1-2)The Leibniz Institute of Virology is supported by the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg and the Federal Ministry of Health.
文摘Gastrointestinal infections are a major cause for serious clinical complications in infants.The induction of antibody responses by B cells is critical for protective immunity against infections and requires CXCR5+PD-1++CD4+T cells(TFH cells).We investigated the ontogeny of CXCR5+PD-1++CD4+T cells in human intestines.While CXCR5+PD-1++CD4+T cells were absent in fetal intestines,CXCR5+PD-1++CD4+T cells increased after birth and were abundant in infant intestines,resulting in significant higher numbers compared to adults.These findings were supported by scRNAseq analyses,showing increased frequencies of CD4+T cells with a TFH gene signature in infant intestines compared to blood.Co-cultures of autologous infant intestinal CXCR5+PD-1+/−CD4+T cells with B cells further demonstrated that infant intestinal TFH cells were able to effectively promote class switching and antibody production by B cells.Taken together,we demonstrate that functional TFH cells are numerous in infant intestines,making them a promising target for oral pediatric vaccine strategies.
文摘In July 2023,the Center of Excellence in Respiratory Pathogens organized a two-day workshop on infectious diseases modelling and the lessons learnt from the Covid-19 pandemic.This report summarizes the rich discussions that occurred during the workshop.The workshop participants discussed multisource data integration and highlighted the benefits of combining traditional surveillance with more novel data sources like mobility data,social media,and wastewater monitoring.Significant advancements were noted in the development of predictive models,with examples from various countries showcasing the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence in detecting and monitoring disease trends.The role of open collaboration between various stakeholders in modelling was stressed,advocating for the continuation of such partnerships beyond the pandemic.A major gap identified was the absence of a common international framework for data sharing,which is crucial for global pandemic preparedness.Overall,the workshop underscored the need for robust,adaptable modelling frameworks and the integration of different data sources and collaboration across sectors,as key elements in enhancing future pandemic response and preparedness.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China no.2017YFC1309902the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant numbers 82122035,81671774,and 81630031+3 种基金the 13th Five-year Informatization Plan of Chinese Academy of Sciences grant no.XXH13505the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences no.ZDBS-SSW-JSC006Beijing Nova Program of Science and Technology no.Z191100001119104the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents no.BX20200360.
文摘Despite a growing neuroimaging literature on the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder(MDD),repro-ducible findings are lacking,probably reflecting mostly small sample sizes and heterogeneity in analytic approaches.To address these issues,the Depression Imaging REsearch ConsorTium(DIRECT)was launched.The REST-meta-MDD project,pooling 2428 functional brain images processed with a standardized pipeline across all participating sites,has been the first effort from DIRECT.In this review,we present an overview of the moti-vations,rationale,and principal findings of the studies so far from the REST-meta-MDD project.Findings from the first round of analyses of the pooled repository have included alterations in functional connectivity within the default mode network,in whole-brain topological properties,in dynamic features,and in functional lat-eralization.These well-powered exploratory observations have also provided the basis for future longitudinal hypothesis-driven research.Following these fruitful explorations,DIRECT has proceeded to its second stage of data sharing that seeks to examine ethnicity in brain alterations in MDD by extending the exclusive Chinese original sample to other ethnic groups through international collaborations.A state-of-the-art,surface-based preprocessing pipeline has also been introduced to improve sensitivity.Functional images from patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia will be included to identify shared and unique abnormalities across diag-nosis boundaries.In addition,large-scale longitudinal studies targeting brain network alterations following antidepressant treatment,aggregation of diffusion tensor images,and the development of functional magnetic resonance imaging-guided neuromodulation approaches are underway.Through these endeavours,we hope to accelerate the translation of functional neuroimaging findings to clinical use,such as evaluating longitudinal effects of antidepressant medications and developing individualized neuromodulation targets,while building an open repository for the scientific community.
