Objective:To describe temporal changes associated with deployment of an optical character recognition(OCR)-enabled OneIdentity(One-ID)digital platform for rural cervical cancer screening,focusing on over-screening rat...Objective:To describe temporal changes associated with deployment of an optical character recognition(OCR)-enabled OneIdentity(One-ID)digital platform for rural cervical cancer screening,focusing on over-screening rates,CIN2+detection,colposcopy follow-up,and CIN2+management.Methods:A multi-county pre-post observational study was conducted in six rural counties in Shanxi,Yunnan,and Sichuan Provinces(2021±2024),encompassing 153,978 encounters.The digital platform integrates OCR identity capture,deterministic One-ID linkage,and real-time duplicate alerts.Over-screening proportions before and after digital deployment were compared,changes in CIN2+detection rate were evaluated,and colposcopy follow-up and CIN2+management were assessed.Differences were tested withχ2 or Fisher's exact tests.Results:Among 153,978 encounters,the proportion of over-screening decreased from 12.64%in 2023 to 0.17%in 2024 with an absolute reduction of 12.17%(95%CI:11.94±12.40;P<0.001).The share of women receiving a first screening within the preceding 3 y increased from 78.3%to 88.2%(P<0.001).Colposcopy completion improved from 64.1%to 84.9%.The CIN2+detection rate rose from 0.35%(2021±2023 pooled)to 0.67%in 2024(P<0.001)and CIN2+management completion increased from 56.0%to 76.2%(95%CI:13.3±27.2;P<0.001).These improvements were consistent across age groups,counties,and screening strategies.Conclusions:The OCR-enabled One-ID platform substantially reduced over-screening,increased CIN2+detection rate,and strengthened case follow-up/management,particularly where baseline tracking was weak,supporting scalable digital reinforcement of rural screening programmes.展开更多
Objectives To characterize fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)emitted from different cooking fumes and their exposure routes and assess their health-associated impact to prov...Objectives To characterize fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)emitted from different cooking fumes and their exposure routes and assess their health-associated impact to provide a reference for health risk prevention from PAH exposure across different age and sex groups.Methods Sixteen PM_(2.5)-bound PAHs emitted from 11 cooking styles were analyzed using GC-MS/MS.The health hazards of these PAHs in the Handan City population(stratified by age and sex)were predicted using the incremental lifetime cancer risk(ILCR)model.The respiratory deposition doses(RDDs)of the PAHs in children and adults were calculated using the PM_(2.5)deposition rates in the upper airway,tracheobronchial,and alveolar regions.Results The total concentrations of PM_(2.5)-bound PAHs ranged from 61.10 to 403.80 ng/m3.Regardless of cooking styles,the ILCRtotal values for adults(1.23×10^(-6)to 3.70×10^(-6))and older adults(1.28×10^(-6)to 3.88×10^(-6))exceeded the acceptable limit of 1.00×10^(-6).With increasing age,the ILCRtotal value first declined and then increased,varying substantially among the population groups.Cancer risk exhibited particularly high sensitivity to short exposure to barbecue-derived PAHs under equivalent body weights.Furthermore,barbecue,Sichuan and Hunan cuisine,Chinese cuisine,and Chinese fast food were associated with higher RDDs for both adults and children.Conclusion ILCRtotal values exceeded the acceptable limit for both females and males of adults,with all cooking styles showing a potentially high cancer risk.Our findings serve as an important reference for refining regulatory strategies related to catering emissions and mitigating health risks associated with cooking styles.展开更多
Mitochondria play a key role in lipid metabolism,and mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)mutations are thus considered to affect obesity susceptibility by altering oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial function.In this stud...Mitochondria play a key role in lipid metabolism,and mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)mutations are thus considered to affect obesity susceptibility by altering oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial function.In this study,we investigate mtDNA variants that may affect obesity risk in 2877 Han Chinese individuals from 3 independent populations.The association analysis of 16 basal mtDNA haplogroups with body mass index,waist circumference,and waist-to-hip ratio reveals that only haplogroup M7 is significantly negatively correlated with all three adiposity-related anthropometric traits in the overall cohort,verified by the analysis of a single population,i.e.,the Zhengzhou population.Furthermore,subhaplogroup analysis suggests that M7b1a1 is the most likely haplogroup associated with a decreased obesity risk,and the variation T12811C(causing Y159H in ND5)harbored in M7b1a1 may be the most likely candidate for altering the mitochondrial function.Specifically,we find that proportionally more nonsynonymous mutations accumulate in M7b1a1 carriers,indicating that M7b1a1 is either under positive selection or subject to a relaxation of selective constraints.We also find that nuclear variants,especially in DACT2 and PIEZO1,may functionally interact with M7b1a1.展开更多
Objective:Ozone(O_(3))is recognized as a predominant and increasingly prevalent gaseous pollutant contributing to the Global Burden of Disease.However,its effect on the development of lung cancer has not been adequate...Objective:Ozone(O_(3))is recognized as a predominant and increasingly prevalent gaseous pollutant contributing to the Global Burden of Disease.However,its effect on the development of lung cancer has not been adequately acknowledged.Methods:Based on Health Evaluation And risk Reduction through nationwide Teamwork(ChinaHEART),a nationwide,population-based cohort study,2,006,878 participants living in 20,159 communities or villages were passively followed for the incidence of lung cancer through a linkage of data with the National Central Cancer Registry.The average O_(3) levels over ten years from the year of enrolment in their respective localities were determined based on geographic coordinates.We conducted Cox proportional-hazards regression models to assess the independent hazard ratios(HRs)associated with O_(3) exposure and the development of lung cancer.Results:During the follow-up of 4.93 million person-years,4555 new cases of lung cancer were identified.After adjusting for participant characteristics and other environmental factors,we observed a significant positive association between ambient O_(3) exposure and lung cancer.Compared with participants in the quartile 1 of O_(3),HRs and 95%confidence intervals(CI)for the other three quartiles were 1.09(95%CI:1.00-1.17),1.17(95%CI:1.06-1.29)and 1.42(95%CI:1.26-1.59),respectively.Conclusions:Long-term exposure to ambient O_(3) is associated with a substantially higher risk of lung cancer.Further studies are needed to explore its pathogenic mechanisms,as well as to evaluate measures for exposure protection or harm mitigation at the individual or population level.展开更多
Background:A shift from self-reports to wearable sensors for global physical activity(PA)surveillance has been recommended.The conventional use of a generic cut-point to assess moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA)is problema...Background:A shift from self-reports to wearable sensors for global physical activity(PA)surveillance has been recommended.The conventional use of a generic cut-point to assess moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA)is problematic as these cut-points are often derived from non-representative samples under non-ecological laboratory conditions.This study aimed to develop age-and sex-(age-sex)specific cut-points for MVPA based on population-standardized values as a feasible approach to assess the adherence to PA guidelines and to investigate its associations with all-cause mortality.Methods:A total of 7601 participants(20-85+years)were drawn from the 2003-2004 and 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys(NHANES).Minutes per week of MVPA were assessed with a hip-worn accelerometer.Counts per minute(CPM)were used to define an age-sex specific target intensity,representing the intensity each person should be able to reach based on their age and sex.Age-sex specific MVPA cut-points were defined as any activity above 40%of the target intensity.These population-and free-living-based age-sex specific cut-points overcome many of the limitations of the standard generic cut-point approach.For comparison,we also calculated MVPA with a generic cut-point of 1952 CPM.Both approaches were compared for assessing adherence to PA guidelines and association of MVPA with allcause mortality(ascertained through December 2015).Results:Both approaches indicated that 37%of the sample met the 150+min/week guideline.The generic cut-point approach showed a trend to inactivity with age,which was less pronounced using the age-sex specific cut-points.Overall mortality rates were comparable using generic cutpoint(hazard ratio(HR)=0.61,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.50-0.73)or age-sex specific cut-points(HR=0.57,95%CI:0.50-0.66)for the entire sample.The generic cut-point method revealed an age-and sex-related gap in the benefits of achieving 150+min/week of MVPA,with older adults showing an 18%greater reduction in mortality rates than younger adults,and a larger difference in women than in men.This disparity disappeared when using age-sex specific cut-points.Conclusion:Our findings underscore the value of age-sex specific cut-points for global PA surveillance.MVPA defined with age-sex specific thresholds was associated with all-cause mortality and the dose-response was similar for all ages and sexes.This aligns with the single recommendation of accumulating 150+min/week MVPA for all adults,irrespective of age and sex.This study serves as a proof of concept to develop this methodology for PA surveillance over more advanced open-source acceleration metrics and other national and international cohorts.展开更多
Compared with developed countries, the main characteristics of population ageing in China have been regarded as a rapid ageing society. However, China and other Asian countries have been experiencing the demographic t...Compared with developed countries, the main characteristics of population ageing in China have been regarded as a rapid ageing society. However, China and other Asian countries have been experiencing the demographic transition simultaneously, it is better to understand the characteristics of population ageing in China when compared with other Asian countries. Using the latest UN data, this paper compares the percentage of elderly population, the speed of ageing and the size of aged population among China and other Asian countries. The result indicates that China has a relatively high percentage of aged population, relatively rapid ageing population and will keep the largest size of aged population of the world in the next 60 years.展开更多
Objective:Population-level economic burden is essential for prioritizing healthcare resources and healthcare budget making in the future.However,little is known about the economic burden of lung cancer in China.Method...Objective:Population-level economic burden is essential for prioritizing healthcare resources and healthcare budget making in the future.However,little is known about the economic burden of lung cancer in China.Methods:A prevalence-based approach was adopted to estimate the economic burden of lung cancer,including direct expenditure(medical and non-medical)and indirect cost(disability and premature death).Data on direct expenditure and work-loss days per patient in each year post-diagnosis were obtained from two primary surveys.Other parameters were obtained from literatures and official reports.Projections were conducted based on varying parameters.All expenditure data were reported in United States dollars(USD)using 2017 value(exchange rate:1 USD=6.760 CNY),with the discount rate of 3%.Results:The total economic burden of lung cancer was estimated to be 25,069 million USD in China in 2017(0.121%of gross domestic productivity,GDP).The estimated direct expenditure was 11,098 million USD,up to1.43%of total healthcare expenditure for China,covering 10,303 million USD and 795 million USD for medical and non-medical expenditure,respectively.The estimated indirect cost was 13,971 million,including 1,517 million USD due to disability and 12,454 million USD due to premature death.Under current assumptions,the projected total economic burden would increase to 30.1 billion USD,40.4 billion USD,and 53.4 billion USD in 2020,2025,and 2030,accounting for 0.121%,0.131%,and 0.146%of China's GDP,respectively.However,if China meets the United Nation sustainable development goal of reducing premature death from non-communicable diseases by one-third by 2030,the total economic burden in 2030 would be 31.9 billion USD,0.087%of China's GDP.Conclusions:The economic burden of lung cancer in China in 2017 is substantial and more likely to increase significantly in the future.Policy makers need to take urgent actions in budget making for health systems.The economic burden could be alleviated by reducing the disease burden of lung cancer via effective control and prevention actions.展开更多
Objective To realize AIDS related knowledge, attitude and behavior among floating people in China and discuss its influencial factors, and to provide the evidence for how to prevent AIDS in floating population. Method...Objective To realize AIDS related knowledge, attitude and behavior among floating people in China and discuss its influencial factors, and to provide the evidence for how to prevent AIDS in floating population. Methods The data were collected from the ＂Sex and Reproductive Health Baseline Survey among Floating People in China＂ conducted in March 2004. The standard questionnaires were used to interview altogether 4 900 floating people from 6 provinces. Results Nearly 95.4 % of them had heard about AIDS, but only 0.5% can judge all the transmitted ways and no-transmitted ways correctly, 45.9 % believed that we need to isolate the HIV positive people. Only 65.7% knew that using condom can preventive HIV infection, 43. 7% showed their understanding about the man who has long time no sexual life has sex with a sexual worker. About 13.6% floating people chose condom as FP method and among them only 34. 6% used condom every time. Conclusion Chinese floating people are lack of AIDS knowledge. Most of them do not practise Safe Sex Activity. We need to give more intervention to the floating population.展开更多
In the context of an aging population, the promotion of time banking as a new model of voluntary service can help alleviate the ever–increasing pressures for elderly care and services in China. The development of tim...In the context of an aging population, the promotion of time banking as a new model of voluntary service can help alleviate the ever–increasing pressures for elderly care and services in China. The development of time banking in China has successively undergone the stage of traditional practice, the stage of infancy and exploration, as well as the stage of accelerated growth. Meanwhile, this process has also witnessed the formation of many localized innovations. To further the localization and innovation of time banking, this paper analyzes its basis in traditional culture, summarizes its process of practice and explores new directions of future innovation. Based on the summary of existing problems, this paper proposes to enhance the recognition of time banking among the public, facilitate localized innovation of time banking, promote its informatization, and involve the participation of young people, particularly college students.展开更多
This paper reviews the progress of population geography in China since the 1980 s. The review results suggest that contrary to the common perception of its invisibility and marginalized status in the field, tremendous...This paper reviews the progress of population geography in China since the 1980 s. The review results suggest that contrary to the common perception of its invisibility and marginalized status in the field, tremendous progress has been made in population geography in China since the 1980 s. Population geographers have made significant contribution to the understanding of a wide range of population issues from geographical perspectives, including migration, urbanization, population distribution, the relationships between population, environment and resources, aging, marriage patterns, and migrants＇ crimes, although such contribution often did not appear in the geographical circle. Furthermore, population geographers have played an indispensable role in revitalizing population studies in China and forging its links to human geography, occupying an important position in this multi-disciplinary field. Population geographers＇ contribution to the areas of migration and urbanization research has been particularly significant, reflected in their leading roles in these areas＇ research. The paper demonstrates that as latecomers in the field after more than 20 years of isolation, population geographers in China have gone through a process of catching up and increasing engagement with developments in social sciences and increasing interaction with social scientists since the 1980 s, and have benefited greatly from it; however, there is a tendency for population geography to be increasingly alienated from the main stream human geography, a phenomenon similar to but not exactly the same as Anglo-American geography in the late 1990 s and early 2000 s. The paper argues that population geography is only half way in the course to forge the links between population studies and human geography, and it needs to return to geographical sciences to strike a healthy balance between the field of population studies and that of human geography, and promote its further development in a multi-disciplinary field.展开更多
Rhododendron meddianum is a critically endangered species with important ornamental value and is also a plant species with extremely small populations.In this study,we used double digest restriction-siteassociated DNA...Rhododendron meddianum is a critically endangered species with important ornamental value and is also a plant species with extremely small populations.In this study,we used double digest restriction-siteassociated DNA sequencing(ddRAD)technology to assess the genetic diversity,genetic structure and demographic history of the three extant populations of R.meddianum.Analysis of SNPs indicated that R.meddianum populations have a high genetic diversity(p?0.0772±0.0024,HE?0.0742±0.002).Both FST values(0.1582e0.2388)and AMOVA showed a moderate genetic differentiation among the R.meddianum populations.Meanwhile,STRUCTURE,PCoA and NJ trees indicated that the R.meddianum samples were clustered into three distinct genetic groups.Using the stairway plot,we found that R.meddianum underwent a population bottleneck about 70,000 years ago.Furthermore,demographic models of R.meddianum and its relative,Rhododendron cyanocarpum,revealed that these species diverged about 3.05(2.21e5.03)million years ago.This divergence may have been caused by environmental changes that occurred after the late Pliocene,e.g.,the Asian winter monsoon intensified,leading to a drier climate.Based on these findings,we recommend that R.meddianum be conserved through in situ,ex situ approaches and that its seeds be collected for germplasm.展开更多
Gene flow between sympatric congeneric plants is thought to be very common and may pose serious threats to endangered species.In the present study,we evaluate the genetic diversity and divergence of three sympatric Rh...Gene flow between sympatric congeneric plants is thought to be very common and may pose serious threats to endangered species.In the present study,we evaluate the genetic diversity and divergence of three sympatric Rhododendron species in Jiaozi Mountain using newly developed microsatellites through the Illumina MiSeq sequencing approach.Genetic diversity of all three Rhododendron species studied was moderate in comparison to genetic parameters previously reported from species of this genus.Interestingly,genetic structure analysis of the three species identified a possible hybrid origin of the threatened Rh.pubicostatum.This sympatry should be considered a unimodal hybrid zone,since Rh.pubicostatum is predominant here.Unimodal hybrid zones are uncommon in Rhododendron,despite the fact that hybridization frequently occurs in the genus.Issues pertaining to the conservation of Rh.pubicostatum resulting from admixture of genetic material from its parental species are discussed.展开更多
Hibiscus aridicola is an endangered ornamental shrub of the family Malvaceae that is endemic to the dryhot valleys of Jinsha River in southwestern China.This species is a typical plant species with extremely small pop...Hibiscus aridicola is an endangered ornamental shrub of the family Malvaceae that is endemic to the dryhot valleys of Jinsha River in southwestern China.This species is a typical plant species with extremely small populations(PSESP).To support and monitor future conservation,develop management measures,and genotype this species,we performed extensive field studies together with genetic analyses.Specifically,we screened eleven microsatellite loci of 69 individuals of H.aridicola from four accessions.The population genetics analyses indicated that H.aridicola possesses high genetic diversity at both the population(0.6962-0.7293)and species level(0.7837)compared to other endemic/endangered species in China.The low differentiation of populations(Fst=0.0971)and the high gene flow between populations of H.aridicola(Nm=2.3236)could be due to its distribution along rivers in the hot-valleys of the Jinsha River and the wind-mediated dispersal of its seeds.Furthermore,the genetic diversity of H.aridicola is slightly positively correlated with geographic distance.Two populations are undergoing a genetic bottleneck,and require more specific attention from conservationists.Additionally,our analyses of the population genetics of H.aridicola demonstrate that the declines in populations are not the result of the internal genetics of these populations but due to external human activities over the past decades.展开更多
Research indicates that high levels of sedentary behavior(sitting or lying with low energy expenditure) are adversely associated with health. A key factor in improving our understanding of the impact of sedentary beha...Research indicates that high levels of sedentary behavior(sitting or lying with low energy expenditure) are adversely associated with health. A key factor in improving our understanding of the impact of sedentary behavior(and patterns of sedentary time accumulation) on health is the use of objective measurement tools that collect date and time-stamped activity information. One such tool is the activP AL monitor. This thigh-worn device uses accelerometer-derived information about thigh position to determine the start and end of each period spent sitting/lying, standing, and stepping, as well as stepping speed, step counts, and postural transitions. The activP AL is increasingly being used within field-based research for its ability to measure sitting/lying via posture. We summarise key issues to consider when using the activP AL in physical activity and sedentary behavior field-based research with adult populations. It is intended that the findings and discussion points be informative for researchers who are currently using activP AL monitors or are intending to use them. Pre-data collection decisions, monitor preparation and distribution, data collection considerations, and manual and automated data processing possibilities are presented using examples from current literature and experiences from 2 research groups from the UK and Australia.展开更多
This paper inquires firstly into the influence of environmental potential population on population movements in China. We think that there are intimate relationships between the changes of the environmental potential ...This paper inquires firstly into the influence of environmental potential population on population movements in China. We think that there are intimate relationships between the changes of the environmental potential population and the population movements: from southeast to northwest, from the coastland to the borderland in the early 30 years of the founding of the People’s Republic of China and the reversion of direction of population movements in recent ten years. Then we come to the conclusion that it has been inappropriate for a large-scale population movement of reclaiming and cultivating wasteland, because the actual population has universally surpassed the environmental potential population in most areas of China. But it is still appropriate and necessary for these movements, such as intelligence or science migration of population, limited population movement within the area of some provinces, population concentration on small towns and temporary fluidity of population.展开更多
High population growth and continued economic development have caused serious environmental damage in the Asia Pacific region.However,the recent experience is that the pace of environmental degradation is faster in de...High population growth and continued economic development have caused serious environmental damage in the Asia Pacific region.However,the recent experience is that the pace of environmental degradation is faster in developing countries than in developed countries.To this end,the study seeks to assess the impact of population pressure on India's environment,with particular reference to the degradation of natural endowments like land and water resources and the resultant environmental pollution in the six regions of India.The rapid economic growth and expansion of infrastructure development in recent decades have not come without serious environmental consequences particularly in the southern,northern,and western regions.But in the eastern,north-eastern,and central regions of the country,environmental damage has been mainly due to rapid population growth.展开更多
Objective To understand the sexual and reproductive health knowledge among unmarried migrant population and their service demands as well as current services delivered by local family planning departments, so as to pr...Objective To understand the sexual and reproductive health knowledge among unmarried migrant population and their service demands as well as current services delivered by local family planning departments, so as to provide scientific evidences on conducting reproductive health education and appropriate service for migrant population in the district. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among a convenient sample of unmarried young migrant population between 15 and 25 years old in Dongshan District. All data were entered into database with the software Foxpro6.0 and analyzed with the statistics software SPSS10.0. Results Unmarried migrant population had some kinds＇ of sexual and reproductive health knowledge and was eager to access to reproductive health service. They hoped that relevant governmental departments could provide them more information, education and service on sexuality and reproductive health. Conclusion Relevant departments should work together to popularize reproductive health knowledge among unmarried migrant population and meet their demands on reproductive health service, so as to improve their current reproductive health situation.展开更多
A study of precancerous gastric lesion was conducted in a randomly selected high risk population in Linqu, Shandong Province of China. 849 subjects aged from 30-64 were examined bioptically. There were 8 cases of gast...A study of precancerous gastric lesion was conducted in a randomly selected high risk population in Linqu, Shandong Province of China. 849 subjects aged from 30-64 were examined bioptically. There were 8 cases of gastric cancer, the prevalence rate was 0.9%. 169 subjects were diagnosed to be dysplasia, the prevalence rate of dysplasia was increased significantly with age. The regression equation was Y=0.47X-0.25. The prevalence of CAG was found in 36 per cent of the studied subjects and both dysplasia and CAG were more serious in the antrum than the. fundus. The results showed a natural history of precancerous gastric lesions in a high risk population in a high risk area.展开更多
The most essential step in adjusting and improving the childbearing policy, the universal two-child policy will produce far-reaching impacts on the future development of China’s population. With its implementation, t...The most essential step in adjusting and improving the childbearing policy, the universal two-child policy will produce far-reaching impacts on the future development of China’s population. With its implementation, the country’s total population will peak later, the underage population and its proportion will increase substantially, the working-age population will experience a slower decline, and the aging of China’s population will be eased. However, the drop in the proportion of working-age people over the last 15 years has expedited the reduction of the demographic dividend, the elderly population will remain unaffected over the next 60 years, the aging of the population will continue to deepen, and at the same time, the increased child dependency burden will expand the overall dependency ratio.展开更多
China is faced with a decreasing labor supply and therefore is losing its cost advantage.However,benefiting from continuous improvement of population quality,China's population quality-based demographic dividend b...China is faced with a decreasing labor supply and therefore is losing its cost advantage.However,benefiting from continuous improvement of population quality,China's population quality-based demographic dividend begins to replace the quantity-based dividend to play a dominant role in economic development.Thus,in supply-side structure,rather than essential factors,it paves the way for the sustainable development of the Chinese economy.With the addition of the successful industrial transformation and upgrading,China still has the advantage to overcome the middle income trap and maintain the momentum of economic growth.展开更多
基金supported by the Chongqing Tencent Sustainable Development Foundation through the project"Comprehensive Prevention and Control Demonstration Project for Eliminating Cervical Cancer and Breast Cancer in Low Health Resource Areas of China"(Project No.SD20240904145730)by the Tencent Sustainable Social Value(SSV)Inclusive Health Lab(Project No.SSVPJ202307060001)。
文摘Objective:To describe temporal changes associated with deployment of an optical character recognition(OCR)-enabled OneIdentity(One-ID)digital platform for rural cervical cancer screening,focusing on over-screening rates,CIN2+detection,colposcopy follow-up,and CIN2+management.Methods:A multi-county pre-post observational study was conducted in six rural counties in Shanxi,Yunnan,and Sichuan Provinces(2021±2024),encompassing 153,978 encounters.The digital platform integrates OCR identity capture,deterministic One-ID linkage,and real-time duplicate alerts.Over-screening proportions before and after digital deployment were compared,changes in CIN2+detection rate were evaluated,and colposcopy follow-up and CIN2+management were assessed.Differences were tested withχ2 or Fisher's exact tests.Results:Among 153,978 encounters,the proportion of over-screening decreased from 12.64%in 2023 to 0.17%in 2024 with an absolute reduction of 12.17%(95%CI:11.94±12.40;P<0.001).The share of women receiving a first screening within the preceding 3 y increased from 78.3%to 88.2%(P<0.001).Colposcopy completion improved from 64.1%to 84.9%.The CIN2+detection rate rose from 0.35%(2021±2023 pooled)to 0.67%in 2024(P<0.001)and CIN2+management completion increased from 56.0%to 76.2%(95%CI:13.3±27.2;P<0.001).These improvements were consistent across age groups,counties,and screening strategies.Conclusions:The OCR-enabled One-ID platform substantially reduced over-screening,increased CIN2+detection rate,and strengthened case follow-up/management,particularly where baseline tracking was weak,supporting scalable digital reinforcement of rural screening programmes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52330002)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(No.8232020)the First Batch of Key Disciplines on Public Health in Chongqing(YWBF2022072).
文摘Objectives To characterize fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)emitted from different cooking fumes and their exposure routes and assess their health-associated impact to provide a reference for health risk prevention from PAH exposure across different age and sex groups.Methods Sixteen PM_(2.5)-bound PAHs emitted from 11 cooking styles were analyzed using GC-MS/MS.The health hazards of these PAHs in the Handan City population(stratified by age and sex)were predicted using the incremental lifetime cancer risk(ILCR)model.The respiratory deposition doses(RDDs)of the PAHs in children and adults were calculated using the PM_(2.5)deposition rates in the upper airway,tracheobronchial,and alveolar regions.Results The total concentrations of PM_(2.5)-bound PAHs ranged from 61.10 to 403.80 ng/m3.Regardless of cooking styles,the ILCRtotal values for adults(1.23×10^(-6)to 3.70×10^(-6))and older adults(1.28×10^(-6)to 3.88×10^(-6))exceeded the acceptable limit of 1.00×10^(-6).With increasing age,the ILCRtotal value first declined and then increased,varying substantially among the population groups.Cancer risk exhibited particularly high sensitivity to short exposure to barbecue-derived PAHs under equivalent body weights.Furthermore,barbecue,Sichuan and Hunan cuisine,Chinese cuisine,and Chinese fast food were associated with higher RDDs for both adults and children.Conclusion ILCRtotal values exceeded the acceptable limit for both females and males of adults,with all cooking styles showing a potentially high cancer risk.Our findings serve as an important reference for refining regulatory strategies related to catering emissions and mitigating health risks associated with cooking styles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270670,32288101,32271186,and 32200482)the National Basic Research Program of China(2015FY111700)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-5-066).
文摘Mitochondria play a key role in lipid metabolism,and mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)mutations are thus considered to affect obesity susceptibility by altering oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial function.In this study,we investigate mtDNA variants that may affect obesity risk in 2877 Han Chinese individuals from 3 independent populations.The association analysis of 16 basal mtDNA haplogroups with body mass index,waist circumference,and waist-to-hip ratio reveals that only haplogroup M7 is significantly negatively correlated with all three adiposity-related anthropometric traits in the overall cohort,verified by the analysis of a single population,i.e.,the Zhengzhou population.Furthermore,subhaplogroup analysis suggests that M7b1a1 is the most likely haplogroup associated with a decreased obesity risk,and the variation T12811C(causing Y159H in ND5)harbored in M7b1a1 may be the most likely candidate for altering the mitochondrial function.Specifically,we find that proportionally more nonsynonymous mutations accumulate in M7b1a1 carriers,indicating that M7b1a1 is either under positive selection or subject to a relaxation of selective constraints.We also find that nuclear variants,especially in DACT2 and PIEZO1,may functionally interact with M7b1a1.
基金supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Med-ical Science(grant number:2021-1-I2M-011)National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(grant number:2022-GSP-GG-4)Ministry of Finance of China and National Health Commission of China,the 111 Project from the Ministry of Education of China(grant number:B16005)。
文摘Objective:Ozone(O_(3))is recognized as a predominant and increasingly prevalent gaseous pollutant contributing to the Global Burden of Disease.However,its effect on the development of lung cancer has not been adequately acknowledged.Methods:Based on Health Evaluation And risk Reduction through nationwide Teamwork(ChinaHEART),a nationwide,population-based cohort study,2,006,878 participants living in 20,159 communities or villages were passively followed for the incidence of lung cancer through a linkage of data with the National Central Cancer Registry.The average O_(3) levels over ten years from the year of enrolment in their respective localities were determined based on geographic coordinates.We conducted Cox proportional-hazards regression models to assess the independent hazard ratios(HRs)associated with O_(3) exposure and the development of lung cancer.Results:During the follow-up of 4.93 million person-years,4555 new cases of lung cancer were identified.After adjusting for participant characteristics and other environmental factors,we observed a significant positive association between ambient O_(3) exposure and lung cancer.Compared with participants in the quartile 1 of O_(3),HRs and 95%confidence intervals(CI)for the other three quartiles were 1.09(95%CI:1.00-1.17),1.17(95%CI:1.06-1.29)and 1.42(95%CI:1.26-1.59),respectively.Conclusions:Long-term exposure to ambient O_(3) is associated with a substantially higher risk of lung cancer.Further studies are needed to explore its pathogenic mechanisms,as well as to evaluate measures for exposure protection or harm mitigation at the individual or population level.
基金supported in part by the intramural research programs at the National Institute on Aging and National Cancer Institute(USA)supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities under Beatriz Galindo's 2022 fellowship program(BG22/00075).
文摘Background:A shift from self-reports to wearable sensors for global physical activity(PA)surveillance has been recommended.The conventional use of a generic cut-point to assess moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA)is problematic as these cut-points are often derived from non-representative samples under non-ecological laboratory conditions.This study aimed to develop age-and sex-(age-sex)specific cut-points for MVPA based on population-standardized values as a feasible approach to assess the adherence to PA guidelines and to investigate its associations with all-cause mortality.Methods:A total of 7601 participants(20-85+years)were drawn from the 2003-2004 and 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys(NHANES).Minutes per week of MVPA were assessed with a hip-worn accelerometer.Counts per minute(CPM)were used to define an age-sex specific target intensity,representing the intensity each person should be able to reach based on their age and sex.Age-sex specific MVPA cut-points were defined as any activity above 40%of the target intensity.These population-and free-living-based age-sex specific cut-points overcome many of the limitations of the standard generic cut-point approach.For comparison,we also calculated MVPA with a generic cut-point of 1952 CPM.Both approaches were compared for assessing adherence to PA guidelines and association of MVPA with allcause mortality(ascertained through December 2015).Results:Both approaches indicated that 37%of the sample met the 150+min/week guideline.The generic cut-point approach showed a trend to inactivity with age,which was less pronounced using the age-sex specific cut-points.Overall mortality rates were comparable using generic cutpoint(hazard ratio(HR)=0.61,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.50-0.73)or age-sex specific cut-points(HR=0.57,95%CI:0.50-0.66)for the entire sample.The generic cut-point method revealed an age-and sex-related gap in the benefits of achieving 150+min/week of MVPA,with older adults showing an 18%greater reduction in mortality rates than younger adults,and a larger difference in women than in men.This disparity disappeared when using age-sex specific cut-points.Conclusion:Our findings underscore the value of age-sex specific cut-points for global PA surveillance.MVPA defined with age-sex specific thresholds was associated with all-cause mortality and the dose-response was similar for all ages and sexes.This aligns with the single recommendation of accumulating 150+min/week MVPA for all adults,irrespective of age and sex.This study serves as a proof of concept to develop this methodology for PA surveillance over more advanced open-source acceleration metrics and other national and international cohorts.
文摘Compared with developed countries, the main characteristics of population ageing in China have been regarded as a rapid ageing society. However, China and other Asian countries have been experiencing the demographic transition simultaneously, it is better to understand the characteristics of population ageing in China when compared with other Asian countries. Using the latest UN data, this paper compares the percentage of elderly population, the speed of ageing and the size of aged population among China and other Asian countries. The result indicates that China has a relatively high percentage of aged population, relatively rapid ageing population and will keep the largest size of aged population of the world in the next 60 years.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFC0907900,No.2017YFC0907901,No.2017YFC1308700 and No.2017YFC1308705)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81773521)。
文摘Objective:Population-level economic burden is essential for prioritizing healthcare resources and healthcare budget making in the future.However,little is known about the economic burden of lung cancer in China.Methods:A prevalence-based approach was adopted to estimate the economic burden of lung cancer,including direct expenditure(medical and non-medical)and indirect cost(disability and premature death).Data on direct expenditure and work-loss days per patient in each year post-diagnosis were obtained from two primary surveys.Other parameters were obtained from literatures and official reports.Projections were conducted based on varying parameters.All expenditure data were reported in United States dollars(USD)using 2017 value(exchange rate:1 USD=6.760 CNY),with the discount rate of 3%.Results:The total economic burden of lung cancer was estimated to be 25,069 million USD in China in 2017(0.121%of gross domestic productivity,GDP).The estimated direct expenditure was 11,098 million USD,up to1.43%of total healthcare expenditure for China,covering 10,303 million USD and 795 million USD for medical and non-medical expenditure,respectively.The estimated indirect cost was 13,971 million,including 1,517 million USD due to disability and 12,454 million USD due to premature death.Under current assumptions,the projected total economic burden would increase to 30.1 billion USD,40.4 billion USD,and 53.4 billion USD in 2020,2025,and 2030,accounting for 0.121%,0.131%,and 0.146%of China's GDP,respectively.However,if China meets the United Nation sustainable development goal of reducing premature death from non-communicable diseases by one-third by 2030,the total economic burden in 2030 would be 31.9 billion USD,0.087%of China's GDP.Conclusions:The economic burden of lung cancer in China in 2017 is substantial and more likely to increase significantly in the future.Policy makers need to take urgent actions in budget making for health systems.The economic burden could be alleviated by reducing the disease burden of lung cancer via effective control and prevention actions.
基金This study was funded by the Japanese International Cooperation Agency
文摘Objective To realize AIDS related knowledge, attitude and behavior among floating people in China and discuss its influencial factors, and to provide the evidence for how to prevent AIDS in floating population. Methods The data were collected from the ＂Sex and Reproductive Health Baseline Survey among Floating People in China＂ conducted in March 2004. The standard questionnaires were used to interview altogether 4 900 floating people from 6 provinces. Results Nearly 95.4 % of them had heard about AIDS, but only 0.5% can judge all the transmitted ways and no-transmitted ways correctly, 45.9 % believed that we need to isolate the HIV positive people. Only 65.7% knew that using condom can preventive HIV infection, 43. 7% showed their understanding about the man who has long time no sexual life has sex with a sexual worker. About 13.6% floating people chose condom as FP method and among them only 34. 6% used condom every time. Conclusion Chinese floating people are lack of AIDS knowledge. Most of them do not practise Safe Sex Activity. We need to give more intervention to the floating population.
文摘In the context of an aging population, the promotion of time banking as a new model of voluntary service can help alleviate the ever–increasing pressures for elderly care and services in China. The development of time banking in China has successively undergone the stage of traditional practice, the stage of infancy and exploration, as well as the stage of accelerated growth. Meanwhile, this process has also witnessed the formation of many localized innovations. To further the localization and innovation of time banking, this paper analyzes its basis in traditional culture, summarizes its process of practice and explores new directions of future innovation. Based on the summary of existing problems, this paper proposes to enhance the recognition of time banking among the public, facilitate localized innovation of time banking, promote its informatization, and involve the participation of young people, particularly college students.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41471132,No.41501163
文摘This paper reviews the progress of population geography in China since the 1980 s. The review results suggest that contrary to the common perception of its invisibility and marginalized status in the field, tremendous progress has been made in population geography in China since the 1980 s. Population geographers have made significant contribution to the understanding of a wide range of population issues from geographical perspectives, including migration, urbanization, population distribution, the relationships between population, environment and resources, aging, marriage patterns, and migrants＇ crimes, although such contribution often did not appear in the geographical circle. Furthermore, population geographers have played an indispensable role in revitalizing population studies in China and forging its links to human geography, occupying an important position in this multi-disciplinary field. Population geographers＇ contribution to the areas of migration and urbanization research has been particularly significant, reflected in their leading roles in these areas＇ research. The paper demonstrates that as latecomers in the field after more than 20 years of isolation, population geographers in China have gone through a process of catching up and increasing engagement with developments in social sciences and increasing interaction with social scientists since the 1980 s, and have benefited greatly from it; however, there is a tendency for population geography to be increasingly alienated from the main stream human geography, a phenomenon similar to but not exactly the same as Anglo-American geography in the late 1990 s and early 2000 s. The paper argues that population geography is only half way in the course to forge the links between population studies and human geography, and it needs to return to geographical sciences to strike a healthy balance between the field of population studies and that of human geography, and promote its further development in a multi-disciplinary field.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Non-profit Research Institution of the Chinese Academy of Forestry(Grant No.CAFYBB2019ZB007)the Biodiversity Survey and Assessment Project of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment,China(Grant No.2019HJ2096001006)+2 种基金the Ten Thousand Talent Program of Yunnan Province(Grant No.YNWRQNBJ-2019-010YNWR-QNBJ-2018-174)the Young and Middle-aged Academic and Technical Leader Reserve Talent Project of Yunnan Province(Grant No.2018HB066).
文摘Rhododendron meddianum is a critically endangered species with important ornamental value and is also a plant species with extremely small populations.In this study,we used double digest restriction-siteassociated DNA sequencing(ddRAD)technology to assess the genetic diversity,genetic structure and demographic history of the three extant populations of R.meddianum.Analysis of SNPs indicated that R.meddianum populations have a high genetic diversity(p?0.0772±0.0024,HE?0.0742±0.002).Both FST values(0.1582e0.2388)and AMOVA showed a moderate genetic differentiation among the R.meddianum populations.Meanwhile,STRUCTURE,PCoA and NJ trees indicated that the R.meddianum samples were clustered into three distinct genetic groups.Using the stairway plot,we found that R.meddianum underwent a population bottleneck about 70,000 years ago.Furthermore,demographic models of R.meddianum and its relative,Rhododendron cyanocarpum,revealed that these species diverged about 3.05(2.21e5.03)million years ago.This divergence may have been caused by environmental changes that occurred after the late Pliocene,e.g.,the Asian winter monsoon intensified,leading to a drier climate.Based on these findings,we recommend that R.meddianum be conserved through in situ,ex situ approaches and that its seeds be collected for germplasm.
基金Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(Grant No.2017FY100100)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)Program(Grant No.2019QZKK0502)+2 种基金the Young Academic and Technical Leader Raising Foundation of Yunnan Province(No.2018HB066)Yunnan Innovation Team Program for Conservation and Utilization of PSESP(Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations)(Grant No.2019HC015)Applied Basic Research Project of Yunnan Province(Grant No.2018BB010).
文摘Gene flow between sympatric congeneric plants is thought to be very common and may pose serious threats to endangered species.In the present study,we evaluate the genetic diversity and divergence of three sympatric Rhododendron species in Jiaozi Mountain using newly developed microsatellites through the Illumina MiSeq sequencing approach.Genetic diversity of all three Rhododendron species studied was moderate in comparison to genetic parameters previously reported from species of this genus.Interestingly,genetic structure analysis of the three species identified a possible hybrid origin of the threatened Rh.pubicostatum.This sympatry should be considered a unimodal hybrid zone,since Rh.pubicostatum is predominant here.Unimodal hybrid zones are uncommon in Rhododendron,despite the fact that hybridization frequently occurs in the genus.Issues pertaining to the conservation of Rh.pubicostatum resulting from admixture of genetic material from its parental species are discussed.
基金Support for this study was provided through grants from the NSFC (National Natural Science Foundation of China)-Yunnan Joint Funds to support key projects (Grant No. U1302262, No. U1602264)Yunnan Science and Technology Innovation Team Program for PSESP (Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations) Conservation and Utilization (Grant No. 2019HC015)the Young Academic and Technical Leader Raising Foundation of Yunnan Province (Grant No. 2015HB091)
文摘Hibiscus aridicola is an endangered ornamental shrub of the family Malvaceae that is endemic to the dryhot valleys of Jinsha River in southwestern China.This species is a typical plant species with extremely small populations(PSESP).To support and monitor future conservation,develop management measures,and genotype this species,we performed extensive field studies together with genetic analyses.Specifically,we screened eleven microsatellite loci of 69 individuals of H.aridicola from four accessions.The population genetics analyses indicated that H.aridicola possesses high genetic diversity at both the population(0.6962-0.7293)and species level(0.7837)compared to other endemic/endangered species in China.The low differentiation of populations(Fst=0.0971)and the high gene flow between populations of H.aridicola(Nm=2.3236)could be due to its distribution along rivers in the hot-valleys of the Jinsha River and the wind-mediated dispersal of its seeds.Furthermore,the genetic diversity of H.aridicola is slightly positively correlated with geographic distance.Two populations are undergoing a genetic bottleneck,and require more specific attention from conservationists.Additionally,our analyses of the population genetics of H.aridicola demonstrate that the declines in populations are not the result of the internal genetics of these populations but due to external human activities over the past decades.
基金supported by the National Institute for Health Researsch (NIHR) DietLifestyle & Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit based at University Hospitals of Leicester and Loughborough University+5 种基金the National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care-East Midlands (NIHR CLAHRC- EM)the Leicester Clinical Trials Unitsupported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Centre for Research Excellence Grant on Sitting Time and Chronic Disease Prevention-Measurement, Mechanisms and Interventions (APP1057608)supported by a Heart Foundation Postdoctoral (PH 12B 7054)NHMRC Career Development (#1086029) Fellowshipsupported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FTE 100100918)
文摘Research indicates that high levels of sedentary behavior(sitting or lying with low energy expenditure) are adversely associated with health. A key factor in improving our understanding of the impact of sedentary behavior(and patterns of sedentary time accumulation) on health is the use of objective measurement tools that collect date and time-stamped activity information. One such tool is the activP AL monitor. This thigh-worn device uses accelerometer-derived information about thigh position to determine the start and end of each period spent sitting/lying, standing, and stepping, as well as stepping speed, step counts, and postural transitions. The activP AL is increasingly being used within field-based research for its ability to measure sitting/lying via posture. We summarise key issues to consider when using the activP AL in physical activity and sedentary behavior field-based research with adult populations. It is intended that the findings and discussion points be informative for researchers who are currently using activP AL monitors or are intending to use them. Pre-data collection decisions, monitor preparation and distribution, data collection considerations, and manual and automated data processing possibilities are presented using examples from current literature and experiences from 2 research groups from the UK and Australia.
文摘This paper inquires firstly into the influence of environmental potential population on population movements in China. We think that there are intimate relationships between the changes of the environmental potential population and the population movements: from southeast to northwest, from the coastland to the borderland in the early 30 years of the founding of the People’s Republic of China and the reversion of direction of population movements in recent ten years. Then we come to the conclusion that it has been inappropriate for a large-scale population movement of reclaiming and cultivating wasteland, because the actual population has universally surpassed the environmental potential population in most areas of China. But it is still appropriate and necessary for these movements, such as intelligence or science migration of population, limited population movement within the area of some provinces, population concentration on small towns and temporary fluidity of population.
文摘High population growth and continued economic development have caused serious environmental damage in the Asia Pacific region.However,the recent experience is that the pace of environmental degradation is faster in developing countries than in developed countries.To this end,the study seeks to assess the impact of population pressure on India's environment,with particular reference to the degradation of natural endowments like land and water resources and the resultant environmental pollution in the six regions of India.The rapid economic growth and expansion of infrastructure development in recent decades have not come without serious environmental consequences particularly in the southern,northern,and western regions.But in the eastern,north-eastern,and central regions of the country,environmental damage has been mainly due to rapid population growth.
文摘Objective To understand the sexual and reproductive health knowledge among unmarried migrant population and their service demands as well as current services delivered by local family planning departments, so as to provide scientific evidences on conducting reproductive health education and appropriate service for migrant population in the district. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among a convenient sample of unmarried young migrant population between 15 and 25 years old in Dongshan District. All data were entered into database with the software Foxpro6.0 and analyzed with the statistics software SPSS10.0. Results Unmarried migrant population had some kinds＇ of sexual and reproductive health knowledge and was eager to access to reproductive health service. They hoped that relevant governmental departments could provide them more information, education and service on sexuality and reproductive health. Conclusion Relevant departments should work together to popularize reproductive health knowledge among unmarried migrant population and meet their demands on reproductive health service, so as to improve their current reproductive health situation.
文摘A study of precancerous gastric lesion was conducted in a randomly selected high risk population in Linqu, Shandong Province of China. 849 subjects aged from 30-64 were examined bioptically. There were 8 cases of gastric cancer, the prevalence rate was 0.9%. 169 subjects were diagnosed to be dysplasia, the prevalence rate of dysplasia was increased significantly with age. The regression equation was Y=0.47X-0.25. The prevalence of CAG was found in 36 per cent of the studied subjects and both dysplasia and CAG were more serious in the antrum than the. fundus. The results showed a natural history of precancerous gastric lesions in a high risk population in a high risk area.
基金received grants from the National Natural Sciences Foundation as a major project(Project Approval No.:71490731)
文摘The most essential step in adjusting and improving the childbearing policy, the universal two-child policy will produce far-reaching impacts on the future development of China’s population. With its implementation, the country’s total population will peak later, the underage population and its proportion will increase substantially, the working-age population will experience a slower decline, and the aging of China’s population will be eased. However, the drop in the proportion of working-age people over the last 15 years has expedited the reduction of the demographic dividend, the elderly population will remain unaffected over the next 60 years, the aging of the population will continue to deepen, and at the same time, the increased child dependency burden will expand the overall dependency ratio.
文摘China is faced with a decreasing labor supply and therefore is losing its cost advantage.However,benefiting from continuous improvement of population quality,China's population quality-based demographic dividend begins to replace the quantity-based dividend to play a dominant role in economic development.Thus,in supply-side structure,rather than essential factors,it paves the way for the sustainable development of the Chinese economy.With the addition of the successful industrial transformation and upgrading,China still has the advantage to overcome the middle income trap and maintain the momentum of economic growth.
