In this work,we proposed a strategy for the hydrolysis of native corn starch after the treatment of corn starch in an ionic liquid aqueous solution,and it is an awfully“green”and simple means to obtain starch with l...In this work,we proposed a strategy for the hydrolysis of native corn starch after the treatment of corn starch in an ionic liquid aqueous solution,and it is an awfully“green”and simple means to obtain starch with low molecular weight and amorphous state.X-ray diffraction results revealed that the natural starch crystalline region was largely disrupted by ionic liquid owing to the broken intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds.After hydrolysis,the morphology of starch changed from particles of native corn starch into little pieces,and their molecular weight could be effectively regulated during the hydrolysis process,and also the hydrolyzed starch samples exhibited decreased thermal stability with the extension of hydrolysis time.This work would counsel as a powerful tool for the development of native starch in realistic applications.展开更多
Composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs)offer a promising solution for all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries(ASSLMBs).However,conventional nanofillers with Lewis-acid-base surfaces make limited contribution to improving...Composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs)offer a promising solution for all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries(ASSLMBs).However,conventional nanofillers with Lewis-acid-base surfaces make limited contribution to improving the overall performance of CPEs due to their difficulty in achieving robust electrochemical and mechanical interfaces simultaneously.Here,by regulating the surface charge characteristics of halloysite nanotube(HNT),we propose a concept of lithium-ion dynamic interface(Li^(+)-DI)engineering in nano-charged CPE(NCCPE).Results show that the surface charge characteristics of HNTs fundamentally change the Li^(+)-DI,and thereof the mechanical and ion-conduction behaviors of the NCCPEs.Particularly,the HNTs with positively charged surface(HNTs+)lead to a higher Li^(+)transference number(0.86)than that of HNTs-(0.73),but a lower toughness(102.13 MJ m^(-3)for HNTs+and 159.69 MJ m^(-3)for HNTs-).Meanwhile,a strong interface compatibilization effect by Li^(+)is observed for especially the HNTs+-involved Li^(+)-DI,which improves the toughness by 2000%compared with the control.Moreover,HNTs+are more effective to weaken the Li^(+)-solvation strength and facilitate the formation of Li F-rich solid-electrolyte interphase of Li metal compared to HNTs-.The resultant Li|NCCPE|LiFePO4cell delivers a capacity of 144.9 m Ah g^(-1)after 400 cycles at 0.5 C and a capacity retention of 78.6%.This study provides deep insights into understanding the roles of surface charges of nanofillers in regulating the mechanical and electrochemical interfaces in ASSLMBs.展开更多
Among various architectures of polymers,end-group-free rings have attracted growing interests due to their distinct physicochemical performances over the linear counterparts which are exemplified by reduced hydrodynam...Among various architectures of polymers,end-group-free rings have attracted growing interests due to their distinct physicochemical performances over the linear counterparts which are exemplified by reduced hydrodynamic size and slower degradation.It is key to develop facile methods to large-scale synthesis of polymer rings with tunable compositions and microstructures.Recent progresses in large-scale synthesis of polymer rings against single-chain dynamic nanoparticles,and the example applications in synchronous enhancing toughness and strength of polymer nanocomposites are summarized.Once there is the breakthrough in rational design and effective large-scale synthesis of polymer rings and their functional derivatives,a family of cyclic functional hybrids would be available,thus providing a new paradigm in developing polymer science and engineering.展开更多
Organic photovoltaics(OPVs)have achieved remarkable progress,with laboratory-scale single-junction devices now demonstrating power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)exceeding 20%.However,these efficiencies are highly depen...Organic photovoltaics(OPVs)have achieved remarkable progress,with laboratory-scale single-junction devices now demonstrating power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)exceeding 20%.However,these efficiencies are highly dependent on the thickness of the photoactive layer,which is typically around 100 nm.This sensitivity poses a challenge for industrial-scale fabrication.Achieving high PCEs in thick-film OPVs is therefore essential.This review systematically examines recent advancements in thick-film OPVs,focusing on the fundamental mechanisms that lead to efficiency loss and strategies to enhance performance.We provide a comprehensive analysis spanning the complete photovoltaic process chain:from initial exciton generation and diffusion dynamics,through dissociation mechanisms,to subsequent charge-carrier transport,balance optimization,and final collection efficiency.Particular emphasis is placed on cutting-edge solutions in molecular engineering and device architecture optimization.By synthesizing these interdisciplinary approaches and investigating the potential contributions in stability,cost,and machine learning aspects,this work establishes comprehensive guidelines for designing high-performance OPVs devices with minimal thickness dependence,ultimately aiming to bridge the gap between laboratory achievements and industrial manufacturing requirements.展开更多
Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2026)18:10.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01852-8 Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the last author’s name was inadvertently misspelled.Th...Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2026)18:10.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01852-8 Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the last author’s name was inadvertently misspelled.The published version showed“Hongzhen Chen”,whereas the correct spelling should be“Hongzheng Chen”.The correct author name has been provided in this Correction,and the original article[1]has been corrected.展开更多
Since the first design of tactile sensors was proposed by Harmon in 1982,tactile sensors have evolved through four key phases:industrial applications(1980s,basic pressure detection),miniaturization via MEMS(1990s),fle...Since the first design of tactile sensors was proposed by Harmon in 1982,tactile sensors have evolved through four key phases:industrial applications(1980s,basic pressure detection),miniaturization via MEMS(1990s),flexible electronics(2010s,stretchable materials),and intelligent systems(2020s-present,AI-driven multimodal sensing).With the innovation of material,processing techniques,and multimodal fusion of stimuli,the application of tactile sensors has been continuously expanding to a diversity of areas,including but not limited to medical care,aerospace,sports and intelligent robots.Currently,researchers are dedicated to develop tactile sensors with emerging mechanisms and structures,pursuing high-sensitivity,high-resolution,and multimodal characteristics and further constructing tactile systems which imitate and approach the performance of human organs.However,challenges in the combination between the theoretical research and the practical applications are still significant.There is a lack of comprehensive understanding in the state of the art of such knowledge transferring from academic work to technical products.Scaled-up production of laboratory materials faces fatal challenges like high costs,small scale,and inconsistent quality.Ambient factors,such as temperature,humidity,and electromagnetic interference,also impair signal reliability.Moreover,tactile sensors must operate across a wide pressure range(0.1 k Pa to several or even dozens of MPa)to meet diverse application needs.Meanwhile,the existing algorithms,data models and sensing systems commonly reveal insufficient precision as well as undesired robustness in data processing,and there is a realistic gap between the designed and the demanded system response speed.In this review,oriented by the design requirements of intelligent tactile sensing systems,we summarize the common sensing mechanisms,inspired structures,key performance,and optimizing strategies,followed by a brief overview of the recent advances in the perspectives of system integration and algorithm implementation,and the possible roadmap of future development of tactile sensors,providing a forward-looking as well as critical discussions in the future industrial applications of flexible tactile sensors.展开更多
A nonfused ring electron acceptor(NFREA),designated as TT-Ph-C6,has been synthesized with the aim of enhancing the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar cells(OSCs).By integrating asymmetric phenylalkylamin...A nonfused ring electron acceptor(NFREA),designated as TT-Ph-C6,has been synthesized with the aim of enhancing the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar cells(OSCs).By integrating asymmetric phenylalkylamino side groups,TT-Ph-C6 demonstrates excellent solubility and its crystal structure exhibits compact packing structures with a three-dimensional molecular stacking network.These structural attributes markedly promote exciton diffusion and charge carrier mobility,particularly advantageous for the fabrication of thick-film devices.TT-Ph-C6-based devices have attained a PCE of 18.01%at a film thickness of 100 nm,and even at a film thickness of 300 nm,the PCE remains at 14.64%,surpassing that of devices based on 2BTh-2F.These remarkable properties position TT-Ph-C6 as a highly promising NFREA material for boosting the efficiency of OSCs.展开更多
Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction(NO3RR)represents a sustainable and environmentally benign route for ammonia(NH3)synthesis.However,NO3RR is still limited by the competition from hydrogen evolution reaction(...Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction(NO3RR)represents a sustainable and environmentally benign route for ammonia(NH3)synthesis.However,NO3RR is still limited by the competition from hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and the high energy barrier in the hydrogenation step of nitrogen-containing intermediates.Here,we report a selective etching strategy to construct Ru M nanoalloys(M=Fe,Co,Ni,Cu)uniformly dispersed on porous nitrogen-doped carbon substrates for efficient neutral NH3electrosynthesis.Density functional theory calculations confirm that the synergic effect between Ru and transition metal M modulates the electronic structure of the alloy,significantly lowering the energy barrier for the conversion of*NO_(2)to*HNO_(2).Experimentally,the optimized Ru Fe-NC catalyst achieves 100%Faraday efficiency with a high yield rate of 0.83 mg h^(-1)mg^(-1)catat a low potential of-0.1 V vs.RHE,outperforming most reported catalysts.In situ spectroscopic analyses further demonstrate that the Ru M-NC effectively promotes the hydrogenation of nitrogen intermediates while inhibiting the formation of hydrogen radicals,thereby reducing HER competition.The Ru FeNC assembled Zn-NO_(3)^(-)battery achieved a high open-circuit voltage and an outstanding power density and capacity,which drive selective NO_(3)^(-)conversion to NH3.This work provides a powerful synergistic design strategy for efficient NH3electrosynthesis and a general framework for the development of advanced multi-component catalysts for sustainable nitrogen conversion.展开更多
Bay-site carboxyl functionalized perylene diimide derivative 1,7-COOH-PDI-C_(12)(PDI-COOH)was synthesized and distinct enhanced fluorescence was observed through combining with calcium ion(Ca^(2+))in THF/H_(2)O soluti...Bay-site carboxyl functionalized perylene diimide derivative 1,7-COOH-PDI-C_(12)(PDI-COOH)was synthesized and distinct enhanced fluorescence was observed through combining with calcium ion(Ca^(2+))in THF/H_(2)O solution.The assembly and fluorescence behavior of PDI-COOH/Ca^(2+)were studied in detail by changing hydration state with different concentrations.Based on the differences in assembly morphology and stoichiometric ratios of PDICOOH/Ca^(2+),we proposed the fluorescence emission mechanism of PDI-COOH/Ca^(2+)in THF/H_(2)O and THF,respectively.This work reveals a novel strategy of aggregated state fluorescence enhancement and reminds us of the important role of water in molecular fluorescence emission and assembly.展开更多
Recently published in Joule,Feng Liu and colleagues from Shanghai Jiaotong University reported a record-breaking 20.8%power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells(OSCs)with an interpenetrating fibril network act...Recently published in Joule,Feng Liu and colleagues from Shanghai Jiaotong University reported a record-breaking 20.8%power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells(OSCs)with an interpenetrating fibril network active layer morphology,featuring a bulk p-in structure and proper vertical segregation achieved through additive-assisted layer-by-layer deposition.This optimized hierarchical gradient fibrillar morphology and optical management synergistically facilitates exciton diffusion,reduces recombination losses,and enhances light capture capability.This approach not only offers a solution to achieving high-efficiency devices but also demonstrates the potential for commercial applications of OSCs.展开更多
Electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials with superior shielding efficiency and low-reflection properties hold promising potential for utilization across electronic components,precision instruments,and fif...Electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials with superior shielding efficiency and low-reflection properties hold promising potential for utilization across electronic components,precision instruments,and fifth-generation communication equipment.In this study,multistage microcellular waterborne polyurethane(WPU)composites were constructed via gradient induction,layer-by-layer casting,and supercritical carbon dioxide foaming.The gradient-structured WPU/ironcobalt loaded reduced graphene oxide(FeCo@rGO)foam serves as an impedance-matched absorption layer,while the highly conductive WPU/silver loaded glass microspheres(Ag@GM)layer is employed as a reflection layer.Thanks to the incorporation of an asymmetric structure,as well as the introduction of gradient and porous configurations,the composite foam demonstrates excellent conductivity,outstanding EMI SE(74.9 dB),and minimal reflection characteristics(35.28%)in 8.2-12.4 GHz,implying that more than 99.99999%of electromagnetic(EM)waves were blocked and only 35.28%were reflected to the external environment.Interestingly,the reflectivity of the composite foam is reduced to 0.41%at 10.88 GHz due to the resonance for incident and reflected EM waves.Beyond that,the composite foam is characterized by low density(0.47 g/cm^(3))and great stability of EMI shielding properties.This work offers a viable approach for craft-ing lightweight,highly shielding,and minimally reflective EMI shielding composites.展开更多
Solvation structures fundamentally control the ion-transport dynamics and mechanical properties of polymer electrolytes.However,there is a lack of strategies to rationally regulate the solvation structures and fundame...Solvation structures fundamentally control the ion-transport dynamics and mechanical properties of polymer electrolytes.However,there is a lack of strategies to rationally regulate the solvation structures and fundamental understanding on how they control the electrochemical performances.Herein,by harnessing the electrostatic adsorption of one-dimensional nanofiller(i.e.,surface-charged halloysite nanotubes,d-HNTs),we successfully fabricate a high-performance polymer nanocomposite electrolyte enabled by strong surface adsorption,referred as adsorption-state polymer electrolyte(ASPE).This ASPE shows fast ion transport(0.71±0.05 mS cm^(-1)at room temperature),high mechanical strength and toughness(10.3±0.05 MPa;15.73 MJ m^(-3)),improved lithium-ion transference number,and long cycle life with lithium metal anode,in comparison with the sample without the d-HNT adsorption effect.To fundamentally understand these high performances,an anion-rich asymmetric solvent structure model is further proposed and evidenced by both experiments and simulation studies.Results show that the electrostatic adsorption among the d-HNT,ionic liquid electrolyte,and polymer chain generates a nano filler-supported fast ion-conduction pathway with asymmetric Li+-coordination microenvironment.Meanwhile,the anion-rich asymmetric solvent structure model of ASPE also generates a fast de-solvation and anion-derived stable solid-electrolyte interphase for lithium metal anode.The high performance and understanding of the mechanism for ASPE provide a promising path to develop advanced polymer electrolytes.展开更多
In the present work,by virtue of the synergistic and independent effects of Janus structure,an asymmetric nickel-chain/multiwall carbon nanotube/polyimide(Ni/MWCNTs/PI)composite foam with absorption-dominated electrom...In the present work,by virtue of the synergistic and independent effects of Janus structure,an asymmetric nickel-chain/multiwall carbon nanotube/polyimide(Ni/MWCNTs/PI)composite foam with absorption-dominated electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding and thermal insulation performances was successfully fabricated through an ordered casting and directional freeze-drying strategy.Water-soluble polyamic acid(PAA)was chosen to match the oriented freeze-drying method to acquire oriented pores,and the thermal imidization process from PAA to PI exactly eliminated the interface of the multilayered structure.By controlling the electro-magnetic gradient and propagation path of the incident microwaves in the MWCNT/PI and Ni/PI layers,the PI composite foam exhibited an efficient EMI SE of 55.8 dB in the X-band with extremely low reflection characteristics(R=0.22).The asymmetric conductive net-work also greatly preserved the thermal insulation properties of PI.The thermal conductivity(TC)of the Ni/MWCNT/PI composite foam was as low as 0.032 W/(m K).In addition,owing to the elimination of MWCNT/PI and Ni/PI interfaces during the thermal imidization process,the composite foam showed satisfactory compressive strength.The fabricated PI composite foam could provide reliable electromagnetic protection in complex applications and withstand high temperatures,which has great potential in cuttingedge applications such as advanced aircraft.展开更多
The properties of electrolytes are critical for fast-charging and stable-cycling applications in lithium metal batteries(LMBs).However,the slow kinetics of Li^(+)transport and desolvation in commercial carbonate elect...The properties of electrolytes are critical for fast-charging and stable-cycling applications in lithium metal batteries(LMBs).However,the slow kinetics of Li^(+)transport and desolvation in commercial carbonate electrolytes,cou pled with the formation of unstable solid electrolyte interphases(SEI),exacerbate the degradation of LMB performance at high current densities.Herein,we propose a versatile electrolyte design strategy that incorporates cyclohexyl methyl ether(CME)as a co-solvent to reshape the Li^(+)solvation environment by the steric-hindrance effect of bulky molecules and their competitive coordination with other solvent molecules.Simulation calculations and spectral analysis demonstrate that the addition of CME molecules reduces the involvement of other solvent molecules in the Li solvation sheath and promotes the formation of Li^(+)-PF_(6)^(-)coordination,thereby accelerating Li^(+)transport kinetics.Additionally,this electrolyte composition improves Li^(+)desolvation kinetics and fosters the formation of inorganic-rich SEI,ensuring cycle stability under fast charging.Consequently,the Li‖LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)battery with the modified electrolyte retains 82% of its initial capacity after 463 cycles at 1 C.Even under the extreme fast-charging condition of 5 C,the battery can maintain 80% capacity retention after 173 cycles.This work provides a promising approach for the development of highperformance LMBs by modulating solvation environment of electrolytes.展开更多
The morphological distribution of absorbent in composites is equally important with absorbents for the overall electromagnetic properties,but it is often ignored.Herein,a comprehensive consideration including electrom...The morphological distribution of absorbent in composites is equally important with absorbents for the overall electromagnetic properties,but it is often ignored.Herein,a comprehensive consideration including electromagnetic component regulation,layered arrangement structure,and gradient concentration distribution was used to optimize impedance matching and enhance electromagnetic loss.On the microscale,the incorporation of magnetic Ni nanoparticles into MXene nanosheets(Ni@MXene)endows suitable intrinsic permittivity and permeability.On the macroscale,the layered arrangement of Ni@MXene increases the effective interaction area with electromagnetic waves,inducing multiple reflection/scattering effects.On this basis,according to the analysis of absorption,reflection,and transmission(A-R-T)power coefficients of layered composites,the gradient concentration distribution was constructed to realize the impedance matching at low-concentration surface layer,electromagnetic loss at middle concentration interlayer and microwave reflection at high-concentration bottom layer.Consequently,the layered gradient composite(LG5-10-15)achieves complete absorption coverage of X-band at thickness of 2.00-2.20 mm with RL_(min) of-68.67 dB at 9.85 GHz in 2.05 mm,which is 199.0%,12.6%,and 50.6%higher than non-layered,layered and layered descending gradient composites,respectively.Therefore,this work confirms the importance of layered gradient structure in improving absorption performance and broadens the design of high-performance microwave absorption materials.展开更多
Rationally regulating the porosity of hard carbon(HC),especially the closed pores matching the low potential plateau and the ultra-microporous structure suitable for Na+embedding,has been shown to be the key to improv...Rationally regulating the porosity of hard carbon(HC),especially the closed pores matching the low potential plateau and the ultra-microporous structure suitable for Na+embedding,has been shown to be the key to improving the sodium storage performance and initial coulombic efficiency(ICE).However,the preparation of such HC materials with specific pore structures still faces great challenges.Herein,a simple pre-oxidation strategy is employed to construct abundant closed ultra-microporous structures in soy protein powder-derived HC material,achieving a significant improvement in its ICE and platform capacity.The pre-oxidation process promotes the cross-linking degree of the soy protein,thereby hindering the directional growth of graphite domains during the carbonization process.The optimized HC exhibits ultra-high platform capacity(329 mAh g^(-1))and considerable energy density(148.5 Wh kg^(-1)).Based on the ex-situ Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization results,the excellent sodium storage capacity of the HC material is attributed to the synergistic effect of adsorption-intercalation/filling.The presented work provides novel insights into the synthesis of other biomass-derived HC materials with abundant closed ultra-micro pores.展开更多
Consisting of natural histidine residues,polyhistidine(PHis)simulates functional proteins.Traditional approaches towards PHis require the protection of imidazole groups before monomer synthesis and polymerization to p...Consisting of natural histidine residues,polyhistidine(PHis)simulates functional proteins.Traditional approaches towards PHis require the protection of imidazole groups before monomer synthesis and polymerization to prevent degradation and side reactions.In the contribution,histidine N-thiocarboxyanhydride(His-NTA)is directly synthesized in aqueous solution without protection.With the self-catalysis of the imidazole side group,the ring-closing reaction to form His-NTA does not require any activating reagent(e.g.,phosphorus tribromide),which is elucidated by density functional theory(DFT)calculations.His-NTA directly polymerizes into PHis bearing unprotected imidazole groups with designable molecular weights(4.2-7.7 kg/mol)and low dispersities(1.10-1.19).Kinetic experiments and Monte Carlo simulations reveal the elementary reactions and the relationship between the conversion of His-NTA and time during polymerization.Block copolymerization of His-NTA with sarcosine N-thiocarboxyanhydride(Sar-NTA)demonstrate versatile construction of functional polypept(o)ides.The triblock copoly(amino acid)PHis-b-PSar-b-PHis is capable to reversibly coordinate with transition metal ions(Fe^(2+),Co^(2+),Ni^(2+),Cu^(2+)and Zn^(2+))to form pH-sensitive hydrogels.展开更多
Aqueous zinc ion batteries have received widespread attention.However,the growth of zinc dendrites and hydrogen evolution reaction generation seriously hinder the practical application of zinc ion bat-teries.Herein,it...Aqueous zinc ion batteries have received widespread attention.However,the growth of zinc dendrites and hydrogen evolution reaction generation seriously hinder the practical application of zinc ion bat-teries.Herein,it is reported that a multifunctional dendrites-free low-temperature PVA-based gel elec-trolyte by introducing negatively charged polymer carbon quantum dots(QDs)and the organic antifreeze dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)into it.The QDs carrying a large number of functional groups on the surface can effectively adsorb Zn^(2+),eliminating the“tip effect”,and inducing the uniform deposition of Zn^(2+)and the formation of a dendrites-free structure.Meanwhile,the solvation structure of adsorbed Zn^(2+)can be controlled by charged groups to reduce the generation of side reactions,thus obtaining high-performance zinc ion batteries.The Zn/polyaniline(PANi)full battery can be stably cycled more than 1000 times at-20℃,and the design of this gel electrolyte can provide good feasibility for safe,stable,and flexible energy storage devices.展开更多
Amid the escalating plastic pollution issue, the development of biodegradable and recyclable polymeric materials has become a focus within the scientific community. Chain extenders, which are an important class of com...Amid the escalating plastic pollution issue, the development of biodegradable and recyclable polymeric materials has become a focus within the scientific community. Chain extenders, which are an important class of compounds, facilitate the elongation of polymer chains through reactive functional groups, thereby enhancing the performance of the materials. Epoxy-based chain extenders, due to their cost-effectiveness, low toxicity, high reaction efficiency, and effective reactivity with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, have emerged as a promising class of chain extenders. This manuscript comprehensively elaborates on the varieties, structural characteristics, and performance of chain extenders, the challenges they face, and the methods for their modification. Special emphasis is placed on the application of epoxy-based chain extenders in biodegradable polymers, such as polylactic acid (PLA), and their subsequent influence on the structural and performance properties of these materials.展开更多
Aqueous zinc metal batteries have garnered substantial attention ascribing to affordability,intrinsic safety,and environmental benignity Nevertheless,zinc metal batteries yet are challenged with potential service life...Aqueous zinc metal batteries have garnered substantial attention ascribing to affordability,intrinsic safety,and environmental benignity Nevertheless,zinc metal batteries yet are challenged with potential service life issues resulted from dendrites and side reaction.In this paper,a strategy of nanoparticles doped hydrogel is proposed for constructing carboxymethyl cellulose/graphite oxide hybrid hydrogel electrolyte membranes with exceptional ionic conductivity,anti-swelling property,and simultaneously addressing the dendrites and parasitic reaction.The pivotal functions of the carboxymethyl cellulose/graphite oxide hydrogel electrolyte in mitigating hydrogen evolution and fostering accelerated Zn deposition have been elucidated based on principles of thermodynamic and reaction kinetic.The carboxymethyl cellulose/graphite oxide hydrogel electrolyte endows exceptional cycling longevity(800 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)/1 mAh cm^(-2))for Znjj Zn battery,as well as high Coulombic efficiency for Znjj Cu battery(averagely 99.14%within 439 cycles at 1 mA cm^(-2)/1 mAh cm^(-2)).The assembled Znjj NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)battery delivers a high reversible specific capacity of 328.5 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1).Moreover,the device of Znjj NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)pouch battery remains operational under severe conditions like bending and cutting.This work provides valuable reference in developing inorganic nanoparticle hybrid hydrogel electrolyte for realizing high-performance zinc metal batteries.展开更多
文摘In this work,we proposed a strategy for the hydrolysis of native corn starch after the treatment of corn starch in an ionic liquid aqueous solution,and it is an awfully“green”and simple means to obtain starch with low molecular weight and amorphous state.X-ray diffraction results revealed that the natural starch crystalline region was largely disrupted by ionic liquid owing to the broken intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds.After hydrolysis,the morphology of starch changed from particles of native corn starch into little pieces,and their molecular weight could be effectively regulated during the hydrolysis process,and also the hydrolyzed starch samples exhibited decreased thermal stability with the extension of hydrolysis time.This work would counsel as a powerful tool for the development of native starch in realistic applications.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52203123 and 52473248)State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering(sklpme2024-2-04)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiessponsored by the Double First-Class Construction Funds of Sichuan University。
文摘Composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs)offer a promising solution for all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries(ASSLMBs).However,conventional nanofillers with Lewis-acid-base surfaces make limited contribution to improving the overall performance of CPEs due to their difficulty in achieving robust electrochemical and mechanical interfaces simultaneously.Here,by regulating the surface charge characteristics of halloysite nanotube(HNT),we propose a concept of lithium-ion dynamic interface(Li^(+)-DI)engineering in nano-charged CPE(NCCPE).Results show that the surface charge characteristics of HNTs fundamentally change the Li^(+)-DI,and thereof the mechanical and ion-conduction behaviors of the NCCPEs.Particularly,the HNTs with positively charged surface(HNTs+)lead to a higher Li^(+)transference number(0.86)than that of HNTs-(0.73),but a lower toughness(102.13 MJ m^(-3)for HNTs+and 159.69 MJ m^(-3)for HNTs-).Meanwhile,a strong interface compatibilization effect by Li^(+)is observed for especially the HNTs+-involved Li^(+)-DI,which improves the toughness by 2000%compared with the control.Moreover,HNTs+are more effective to weaken the Li^(+)-solvation strength and facilitate the formation of Li F-rich solid-electrolyte interphase of Li metal compared to HNTs-.The resultant Li|NCCPE|LiFePO4cell delivers a capacity of 144.9 m Ah g^(-1)after 400 cycles at 0.5 C and a capacity retention of 78.6%.This study provides deep insights into understanding the roles of surface charges of nanofillers in regulating the mechanical and electrochemical interfaces in ASSLMBs.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52293472,22473096 and 22471164)。
文摘Among various architectures of polymers,end-group-free rings have attracted growing interests due to their distinct physicochemical performances over the linear counterparts which are exemplified by reduced hydrodynamic size and slower degradation.It is key to develop facile methods to large-scale synthesis of polymer rings with tunable compositions and microstructures.Recent progresses in large-scale synthesis of polymer rings against single-chain dynamic nanoparticles,and the example applications in synchronous enhancing toughness and strength of polymer nanocomposites are summarized.Once there is the breakthrough in rational design and effective large-scale synthesis of polymer rings and their functional derivatives,a family of cyclic functional hybrids would be available,thus providing a new paradigm in developing polymer science and engineering.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Nos.LQ23E030002,LZ23B040001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52303226,21971049)L.Zhan acknowledges the research start-up fund from Hangzhou Normal University(4095C50222204002).
文摘Organic photovoltaics(OPVs)have achieved remarkable progress,with laboratory-scale single-junction devices now demonstrating power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)exceeding 20%.However,these efficiencies are highly dependent on the thickness of the photoactive layer,which is typically around 100 nm.This sensitivity poses a challenge for industrial-scale fabrication.Achieving high PCEs in thick-film OPVs is therefore essential.This review systematically examines recent advancements in thick-film OPVs,focusing on the fundamental mechanisms that lead to efficiency loss and strategies to enhance performance.We provide a comprehensive analysis spanning the complete photovoltaic process chain:from initial exciton generation and diffusion dynamics,through dissociation mechanisms,to subsequent charge-carrier transport,balance optimization,and final collection efficiency.Particular emphasis is placed on cutting-edge solutions in molecular engineering and device architecture optimization.By synthesizing these interdisciplinary approaches and investigating the potential contributions in stability,cost,and machine learning aspects,this work establishes comprehensive guidelines for designing high-performance OPVs devices with minimal thickness dependence,ultimately aiming to bridge the gap between laboratory achievements and industrial manufacturing requirements.
文摘Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2026)18:10.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01852-8 Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the last author’s name was inadvertently misspelled.The published version showed“Hongzhen Chen”,whereas the correct spelling should be“Hongzheng Chen”.The correct author name has been provided in this Correction,and the original article[1]has been corrected.
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.52173028)。
文摘Since the first design of tactile sensors was proposed by Harmon in 1982,tactile sensors have evolved through four key phases:industrial applications(1980s,basic pressure detection),miniaturization via MEMS(1990s),flexible electronics(2010s,stretchable materials),and intelligent systems(2020s-present,AI-driven multimodal sensing).With the innovation of material,processing techniques,and multimodal fusion of stimuli,the application of tactile sensors has been continuously expanding to a diversity of areas,including but not limited to medical care,aerospace,sports and intelligent robots.Currently,researchers are dedicated to develop tactile sensors with emerging mechanisms and structures,pursuing high-sensitivity,high-resolution,and multimodal characteristics and further constructing tactile systems which imitate and approach the performance of human organs.However,challenges in the combination between the theoretical research and the practical applications are still significant.There is a lack of comprehensive understanding in the state of the art of such knowledge transferring from academic work to technical products.Scaled-up production of laboratory materials faces fatal challenges like high costs,small scale,and inconsistent quality.Ambient factors,such as temperature,humidity,and electromagnetic interference,also impair signal reliability.Moreover,tactile sensors must operate across a wide pressure range(0.1 k Pa to several or even dozens of MPa)to meet diverse application needs.Meanwhile,the existing algorithms,data models and sensing systems commonly reveal insufficient precision as well as undesired robustness in data processing,and there is a realistic gap between the designed and the demanded system response speed.In this review,oriented by the design requirements of intelligent tactile sensing systems,we summarize the common sensing mechanisms,inspired structures,key performance,and optimizing strategies,followed by a brief overview of the recent advances in the perspectives of system integration and algorithm implementation,and the possible roadmap of future development of tactile sensors,providing a forward-looking as well as critical discussions in the future industrial applications of flexible tactile sensors.
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22375024,21975031,21734009,51933001,22109080,and 52173174)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2022YQ45)+2 种基金the Taishan Scholars Program(Nos.tstp20221121 and tsqnz20221134)The Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.2244073)supported by State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles(Qingdao University)(RZ2200002821)is acknowledged.
文摘A nonfused ring electron acceptor(NFREA),designated as TT-Ph-C6,has been synthesized with the aim of enhancing the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar cells(OSCs).By integrating asymmetric phenylalkylamino side groups,TT-Ph-C6 demonstrates excellent solubility and its crystal structure exhibits compact packing structures with a three-dimensional molecular stacking network.These structural attributes markedly promote exciton diffusion and charge carrier mobility,particularly advantageous for the fabrication of thick-film devices.TT-Ph-C6-based devices have attained a PCE of 18.01%at a film thickness of 100 nm,and even at a film thickness of 300 nm,the PCE remains at 14.64%,surpassing that of devices based on 2BTh-2F.These remarkable properties position TT-Ph-C6 as a highly promising NFREA material for boosting the efficiency of OSCs.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22466010)Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(Natural Science)ZK[2023]47 and key program ZD[2025]075+6 种基金Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project for overseas Talents in Guizhou Province[2022]02Specific Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou University(X202207)the national undergraduate innovation and entrepreneurship training program(gzugc2023006gzusc2024012)SRT project of Guizhou university(2023SRT0292023SRT024)supported by Shanghai Technical Service Center of Science and Engineering Computing,Shanghai University。
文摘Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction(NO3RR)represents a sustainable and environmentally benign route for ammonia(NH3)synthesis.However,NO3RR is still limited by the competition from hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and the high energy barrier in the hydrogenation step of nitrogen-containing intermediates.Here,we report a selective etching strategy to construct Ru M nanoalloys(M=Fe,Co,Ni,Cu)uniformly dispersed on porous nitrogen-doped carbon substrates for efficient neutral NH3electrosynthesis.Density functional theory calculations confirm that the synergic effect between Ru and transition metal M modulates the electronic structure of the alloy,significantly lowering the energy barrier for the conversion of*NO_(2)to*HNO_(2).Experimentally,the optimized Ru Fe-NC catalyst achieves 100%Faraday efficiency with a high yield rate of 0.83 mg h^(-1)mg^(-1)catat a low potential of-0.1 V vs.RHE,outperforming most reported catalysts.In situ spectroscopic analyses further demonstrate that the Ru M-NC effectively promotes the hydrogenation of nitrogen intermediates while inhibiting the formation of hydrogen radicals,thereby reducing HER competition.The Ru FeNC assembled Zn-NO_(3)^(-)battery achieved a high open-circuit voltage and an outstanding power density and capacity,which drive selective NO_(3)^(-)conversion to NH3.This work provides a powerful synergistic design strategy for efficient NH3electrosynthesis and a general framework for the development of advanced multi-component catalysts for sustainable nitrogen conversion.
文摘Bay-site carboxyl functionalized perylene diimide derivative 1,7-COOH-PDI-C_(12)(PDI-COOH)was synthesized and distinct enhanced fluorescence was observed through combining with calcium ion(Ca^(2+))in THF/H_(2)O solution.The assembly and fluorescence behavior of PDI-COOH/Ca^(2+)were studied in detail by changing hydration state with different concentrations.Based on the differences in assembly morphology and stoichiometric ratios of PDICOOH/Ca^(2+),we proposed the fluorescence emission mechanism of PDI-COOH/Ca^(2+)in THF/H_(2)O and THF,respectively.This work reveals a novel strategy of aggregated state fluorescence enhancement and reminds us of the important role of water in molecular fluorescence emission and assembly.
基金Technology Development Program of Jilin Province(YDZJ202201ZYTS640)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4200400)funded by MOST+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172048 and 52103221)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2021QB024 and ZR2021ZD06)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515012323,2023A1515010943,and 2024A1515010023)the Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory open Project(QNESL OP 202309)the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University.
文摘Recently published in Joule,Feng Liu and colleagues from Shanghai Jiaotong University reported a record-breaking 20.8%power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells(OSCs)with an interpenetrating fibril network active layer morphology,featuring a bulk p-in structure and proper vertical segregation achieved through additive-assisted layer-by-layer deposition.This optimized hierarchical gradient fibrillar morphology and optical management synergistically facilitates exciton diffusion,reduces recombination losses,and enhances light capture capability.This approach not only offers a solution to achieving high-efficiency devices but also demonstrates the potential for commercial applications of OSCs.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(No.2308085QE146 and 2208085ME116)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52173039)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20210894)the Anhui Provincial Universities Outstanding Youth Research Project(No.2023AH020018).
文摘Electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials with superior shielding efficiency and low-reflection properties hold promising potential for utilization across electronic components,precision instruments,and fifth-generation communication equipment.In this study,multistage microcellular waterborne polyurethane(WPU)composites were constructed via gradient induction,layer-by-layer casting,and supercritical carbon dioxide foaming.The gradient-structured WPU/ironcobalt loaded reduced graphene oxide(FeCo@rGO)foam serves as an impedance-matched absorption layer,while the highly conductive WPU/silver loaded glass microspheres(Ag@GM)layer is employed as a reflection layer.Thanks to the incorporation of an asymmetric structure,as well as the introduction of gradient and porous configurations,the composite foam demonstrates excellent conductivity,outstanding EMI SE(74.9 dB),and minimal reflection characteristics(35.28%)in 8.2-12.4 GHz,implying that more than 99.99999%of electromagnetic(EM)waves were blocked and only 35.28%were reflected to the external environment.Interestingly,the reflectivity of the composite foam is reduced to 0.41%at 10.88 GHz due to the resonance for incident and reflected EM waves.Beyond that,the composite foam is characterized by low density(0.47 g/cm^(3))and great stability of EMI shielding properties.This work offers a viable approach for craft-ing lightweight,highly shielding,and minimally reflective EMI shielding composites.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52203123)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2023NSFSC0991)+2 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering(sklpme 2023-1-05 and sklpme 2024-2-04)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiespartially sponsored by the Double First-Class Construction Funds of Sichuan University。
文摘Solvation structures fundamentally control the ion-transport dynamics and mechanical properties of polymer electrolytes.However,there is a lack of strategies to rationally regulate the solvation structures and fundamental understanding on how they control the electrochemical performances.Herein,by harnessing the electrostatic adsorption of one-dimensional nanofiller(i.e.,surface-charged halloysite nanotubes,d-HNTs),we successfully fabricate a high-performance polymer nanocomposite electrolyte enabled by strong surface adsorption,referred as adsorption-state polymer electrolyte(ASPE).This ASPE shows fast ion transport(0.71±0.05 mS cm^(-1)at room temperature),high mechanical strength and toughness(10.3±0.05 MPa;15.73 MJ m^(-3)),improved lithium-ion transference number,and long cycle life with lithium metal anode,in comparison with the sample without the d-HNT adsorption effect.To fundamentally understand these high performances,an anion-rich asymmetric solvent structure model is further proposed and evidenced by both experiments and simulation studies.Results show that the electrostatic adsorption among the d-HNT,ionic liquid electrolyte,and polymer chain generates a nano filler-supported fast ion-conduction pathway with asymmetric Li+-coordination microenvironment.Meanwhile,the anion-rich asymmetric solvent structure model of ASPE also generates a fast de-solvation and anion-derived stable solid-electrolyte interphase for lithium metal anode.The high performance and understanding of the mechanism for ASPE provide a promising path to develop advanced polymer electrolytes.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(Nos.20210302123015 and 20210302123035)the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering(Sichuan University)(No.sklpme2022-4-06)the Open Foundation of China-Belarus Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Electromagnetic Environment Effect(No.ZBKF2022030301).
文摘In the present work,by virtue of the synergistic and independent effects of Janus structure,an asymmetric nickel-chain/multiwall carbon nanotube/polyimide(Ni/MWCNTs/PI)composite foam with absorption-dominated electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding and thermal insulation performances was successfully fabricated through an ordered casting and directional freeze-drying strategy.Water-soluble polyamic acid(PAA)was chosen to match the oriented freeze-drying method to acquire oriented pores,and the thermal imidization process from PAA to PI exactly eliminated the interface of the multilayered structure.By controlling the electro-magnetic gradient and propagation path of the incident microwaves in the MWCNT/PI and Ni/PI layers,the PI composite foam exhibited an efficient EMI SE of 55.8 dB in the X-band with extremely low reflection characteristics(R=0.22).The asymmetric conductive net-work also greatly preserved the thermal insulation properties of PI.The thermal conductivity(TC)of the Ni/MWCNT/PI composite foam was as low as 0.032 W/(m K).In addition,owing to the elimination of MWCNT/PI and Ni/PI interfaces during the thermal imidization process,the composite foam showed satisfactory compressive strength.The fabricated PI composite foam could provide reliable electromagnetic protection in complex applications and withstand high temperatures,which has great potential in cuttingedge applications such as advanced aircraft.
基金supported by the Lithium Resources and Lithium Materials Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province(LRMKF202405)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52402226)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2024NSFSC1016)the Scientific Research Startup Foundation of Chengdu University of Technology(10912-KYQD2023-10240)the opening funding from Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application(Harbin University of Science and Technology)(KFM202507,Ministry of Education)the funding provided by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation。
文摘The properties of electrolytes are critical for fast-charging and stable-cycling applications in lithium metal batteries(LMBs).However,the slow kinetics of Li^(+)transport and desolvation in commercial carbonate electrolytes,cou pled with the formation of unstable solid electrolyte interphases(SEI),exacerbate the degradation of LMB performance at high current densities.Herein,we propose a versatile electrolyte design strategy that incorporates cyclohexyl methyl ether(CME)as a co-solvent to reshape the Li^(+)solvation environment by the steric-hindrance effect of bulky molecules and their competitive coordination with other solvent molecules.Simulation calculations and spectral analysis demonstrate that the addition of CME molecules reduces the involvement of other solvent molecules in the Li solvation sheath and promotes the formation of Li^(+)-PF_(6)^(-)coordination,thereby accelerating Li^(+)transport kinetics.Additionally,this electrolyte composition improves Li^(+)desolvation kinetics and fosters the formation of inorganic-rich SEI,ensuring cycle stability under fast charging.Consequently,the Li‖LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)battery with the modified electrolyte retains 82% of its initial capacity after 463 cycles at 1 C.Even under the extreme fast-charging condition of 5 C,the battery can maintain 80% capacity retention after 173 cycles.This work provides a promising approach for the development of highperformance LMBs by modulating solvation environment of electrolytes.
基金support for this work by Key Research and Development Project of Henan Province(Grant.No.241111232300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant.No.52273085 and 52303113)the Open Fund of Yaoshan Laboratory(Grant.No.2024003).
文摘The morphological distribution of absorbent in composites is equally important with absorbents for the overall electromagnetic properties,but it is often ignored.Herein,a comprehensive consideration including electromagnetic component regulation,layered arrangement structure,and gradient concentration distribution was used to optimize impedance matching and enhance electromagnetic loss.On the microscale,the incorporation of magnetic Ni nanoparticles into MXene nanosheets(Ni@MXene)endows suitable intrinsic permittivity and permeability.On the macroscale,the layered arrangement of Ni@MXene increases the effective interaction area with electromagnetic waves,inducing multiple reflection/scattering effects.On this basis,according to the analysis of absorption,reflection,and transmission(A-R-T)power coefficients of layered composites,the gradient concentration distribution was constructed to realize the impedance matching at low-concentration surface layer,electromagnetic loss at middle concentration interlayer and microwave reflection at high-concentration bottom layer.Consequently,the layered gradient composite(LG5-10-15)achieves complete absorption coverage of X-band at thickness of 2.00-2.20 mm with RL_(min) of-68.67 dB at 9.85 GHz in 2.05 mm,which is 199.0%,12.6%,and 50.6%higher than non-layered,layered and layered descending gradient composites,respectively.Therefore,this work confirms the importance of layered gradient structure in improving absorption performance and broadens the design of high-performance microwave absorption materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42167068,22269020)the Gansu Province Higher Education Industry Support Plan Project(2023CYZC-68)the Central Guidance for Local Science and Technology Development Funds Project(YDZX20216200001007)。
文摘Rationally regulating the porosity of hard carbon(HC),especially the closed pores matching the low potential plateau and the ultra-microporous structure suitable for Na+embedding,has been shown to be the key to improving the sodium storage performance and initial coulombic efficiency(ICE).However,the preparation of such HC materials with specific pore structures still faces great challenges.Herein,a simple pre-oxidation strategy is employed to construct abundant closed ultra-microporous structures in soy protein powder-derived HC material,achieving a significant improvement in its ICE and platform capacity.The pre-oxidation process promotes the cross-linking degree of the soy protein,thereby hindering the directional growth of graphite domains during the carbonization process.The optimized HC exhibits ultra-high platform capacity(329 mAh g^(-1))and considerable energy density(148.5 Wh kg^(-1)).Based on the ex-situ Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization results,the excellent sodium storage capacity of the HC material is attributed to the synergistic effect of adsorption-intercalation/filling.The presented work provides novel insights into the synthesis of other biomass-derived HC materials with abundant closed ultra-micro pores.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22271252 and 22201105)。
文摘Consisting of natural histidine residues,polyhistidine(PHis)simulates functional proteins.Traditional approaches towards PHis require the protection of imidazole groups before monomer synthesis and polymerization to prevent degradation and side reactions.In the contribution,histidine N-thiocarboxyanhydride(His-NTA)is directly synthesized in aqueous solution without protection.With the self-catalysis of the imidazole side group,the ring-closing reaction to form His-NTA does not require any activating reagent(e.g.,phosphorus tribromide),which is elucidated by density functional theory(DFT)calculations.His-NTA directly polymerizes into PHis bearing unprotected imidazole groups with designable molecular weights(4.2-7.7 kg/mol)and low dispersities(1.10-1.19).Kinetic experiments and Monte Carlo simulations reveal the elementary reactions and the relationship between the conversion of His-NTA and time during polymerization.Block copolymerization of His-NTA with sarcosine N-thiocarboxyanhydride(Sar-NTA)demonstrate versatile construction of functional polypept(o)ides.The triblock copoly(amino acid)PHis-b-PSar-b-PHis is capable to reversibly coordinate with transition metal ions(Fe^(2+),Co^(2+),Ni^(2+),Cu^(2+)and Zn^(2+))to form pH-sensitive hydrogels.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project(No.52163001)the Guizhou Minzu University Research Platform Grant(No.GZMUGCZX[2021]01)+2 种基金the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Program Project Grant(Qiankehe Platform Talents-CXTD[2021]005,Qiankehe Platform Talents-GCC[2022]010-1,Qiankehe Fuqi[2023]001)the Central Guided Local Science and Technology Development Funds Project(Qiankehe Zhong Yindi[2023]035)the Doctor Startup Fund of Guizhou Minzu University(Grant No.GZMUZK[2024]QD77).
文摘Aqueous zinc ion batteries have received widespread attention.However,the growth of zinc dendrites and hydrogen evolution reaction generation seriously hinder the practical application of zinc ion bat-teries.Herein,it is reported that a multifunctional dendrites-free low-temperature PVA-based gel elec-trolyte by introducing negatively charged polymer carbon quantum dots(QDs)and the organic antifreeze dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)into it.The QDs carrying a large number of functional groups on the surface can effectively adsorb Zn^(2+),eliminating the“tip effect”,and inducing the uniform deposition of Zn^(2+)and the formation of a dendrites-free structure.Meanwhile,the solvation structure of adsorbed Zn^(2+)can be controlled by charged groups to reduce the generation of side reactions,thus obtaining high-performance zinc ion batteries.The Zn/polyaniline(PANi)full battery can be stably cycled more than 1000 times at-20℃,and the design of this gel electrolyte can provide good feasibility for safe,stable,and flexible energy storage devices.
文摘Amid the escalating plastic pollution issue, the development of biodegradable and recyclable polymeric materials has become a focus within the scientific community. Chain extenders, which are an important class of compounds, facilitate the elongation of polymer chains through reactive functional groups, thereby enhancing the performance of the materials. Epoxy-based chain extenders, due to their cost-effectiveness, low toxicity, high reaction efficiency, and effective reactivity with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, have emerged as a promising class of chain extenders. This manuscript comprehensively elaborates on the varieties, structural characteristics, and performance of chain extenders, the challenges they face, and the methods for their modification. Special emphasis is placed on the application of epoxy-based chain extenders in biodegradable polymers, such as polylactic acid (PLA), and their subsequent influence on the structural and performance properties of these materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51763014 and 52073133)Key Talent Project Foundation of Gansu Province+1 种基金Joint fund between Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals(18LHPY002)the Program for Hong Liu Distinguished Young Scholars in Lanzhou University of Technology。
文摘Aqueous zinc metal batteries have garnered substantial attention ascribing to affordability,intrinsic safety,and environmental benignity Nevertheless,zinc metal batteries yet are challenged with potential service life issues resulted from dendrites and side reaction.In this paper,a strategy of nanoparticles doped hydrogel is proposed for constructing carboxymethyl cellulose/graphite oxide hybrid hydrogel electrolyte membranes with exceptional ionic conductivity,anti-swelling property,and simultaneously addressing the dendrites and parasitic reaction.The pivotal functions of the carboxymethyl cellulose/graphite oxide hydrogel electrolyte in mitigating hydrogen evolution and fostering accelerated Zn deposition have been elucidated based on principles of thermodynamic and reaction kinetic.The carboxymethyl cellulose/graphite oxide hydrogel electrolyte endows exceptional cycling longevity(800 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)/1 mAh cm^(-2))for Znjj Zn battery,as well as high Coulombic efficiency for Znjj Cu battery(averagely 99.14%within 439 cycles at 1 mA cm^(-2)/1 mAh cm^(-2)).The assembled Znjj NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)battery delivers a high reversible specific capacity of 328.5 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1).Moreover,the device of Znjj NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)pouch battery remains operational under severe conditions like bending and cutting.This work provides valuable reference in developing inorganic nanoparticle hybrid hydrogel electrolyte for realizing high-performance zinc metal batteries.
