In this retraction note,we describe the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery(WJGS)Editorial Office’s decision and reason for retracting an article published in WJGS,volume 16,issue 1.
In 2023,Baishideng Publishing Group(Baishideng)routinely published 47 openaccess journals,including 46 English-language journals and 1 Chinese-language journal.Our successes were accomplished through the collective de...In 2023,Baishideng Publishing Group(Baishideng)routinely published 47 openaccess journals,including 46 English-language journals and 1 Chinese-language journal.Our successes were accomplished through the collective dedicated efforts of Baishideng staffs,Editorial Board Members,and Peer Reviewers.Among these 47 Baishideng journals,7 are included in the Science Citation Index Expanded(SCIE)and 6 in the Emerging Sources Citation Index(ESCI).With the support of Baishideng authors,company staffs,Editorial Board Members,and Peer Reviewers,the publication work of 2023 is about to be successfully completed.This editorial summarizes the 2023 activities and accomplishments of the 13 SCIEand ESCI-indexed Baishideng journals,outlines the Baishideng publishing policy changes and additions made this year,and highlights the unique advantages of Baishideng journals.展开更多
This study determines if there is a correlation between rising carbon dioxide levels and global warming. Historical data were reviewed from three different time periods spanning 500 million years. It showed that the c...This study determines if there is a correlation between rising carbon dioxide levels and global warming. Historical data were reviewed from three different time periods spanning 500 million years. It showed that the curves and trends were too dissimilar to establish a connection. Observations from CO<sub>2</sub>/temp ratios showed that the CO<sub>2</sub> and the temperature moved in opposite directions 42% of the time. Many ratios displayed zero or near zero values, reflecting a lack of response. As much as 87% of the ratios revealed negative or near zero values, which strongly negate a correlation. The infrared spectra showed the Greenhouse Gases had an exceptionally low absorption band between 11.67 μm to 9.1 μm, which is a zone called the infrared atmospheric window. Most of the Greenhouse Gases absorb little infrared inside that zone. And that zone is where the Earth’s surface emits almost all infrared radiation. Even with minimal absorbance, water vapor captures the most infrared radiation. It absorbs 84 times more than CO<sub>2</sub>, 407 thousand times more than methane, 452 thousand times more than ozone and 2.3 million times more than nitrous oxide. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the United States EPA excluded water vapor because it was not associated with man-made activities. They reported that water vapor and clouds were simply feedback mechanisms from CO<sub>2</sub>. Clouds reflect radiation from the sun. The Northern Hemisphere is 2.7°F warmer than the Southern Hemisphere because of clouds. The world cloud cover has gone down 4.1% from 1982 to 2018. Calculations show that this could be responsible for 2.4°F of the 2.7°F. The research shows that most of the recent increase in temperature (89.9%) is because of fewer clouds.展开更多
The analysis of Greenhouse Effect experiments in the public domain indicated that the lab tests were primarily centered around illustrating the mechanics of conventional greenhouses. They used high-energy visible ligh...The analysis of Greenhouse Effect experiments in the public domain indicated that the lab tests were primarily centered around illustrating the mechanics of conventional greenhouses. They used high-energy visible light (such as sunlight), rather than addressing the Greenhouse Effect, which involves low-energy infrared radiation emitted by the Earth’s surface. Studies with argon, a non-greenhouse gas with similar density to CO2, showed thermal heat transfer as the dominant factor in the temperature profiles, with radiation absorption being undetected. The same conclusion was drawn by another study, which measured infrared back radiation. Experiments using exaggerated CO2 concentrations inadvertently illustrated the principle of the Popper Falsification Test by disproving the Greenhouse Effect applicable to CO2 within the troposphere. A straightforward kitchen test showed that a microwave oven cannot be used as a model for the Greenhouse Effect.展开更多
In 1995, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a thermodynamic model based on the Greenhouse Effect, aiming to forecast global temperatures. This study delves into the intricacies of that model...In 1995, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a thermodynamic model based on the Greenhouse Effect, aiming to forecast global temperatures. This study delves into the intricacies of that model. Some interesting observations are revealed. The IPCC model equated average temperatures with average energy fluxes, which can cause significant errors. The model assumed that all energy fluxes remained constant, and the Earth emitted infrared radiation as if it were a blackbody. Neither of those conditions exists. The IPCC’s definition of Climate Change only includes events caused by human actions, excluding most causes. Satellite data aimed at the tops of clouds may have inferred a high Greenhouse Gas absorption flux. The model showed more energy coming from the atmosphere than absorbed from the sun, which may have caused a violation of the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. There were unexpectedly large gaps in the satellite data that aligned with various absorption bands of Greenhouse Gases, possibly caused by photon scattering associated with re-emissions. Based on science, we developed a cloud-based climate model that complied with the Radiation Laws and the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. The Cloud Model showed that 81.3% of the outgoing reflected and infrared radiation was applicable to the clouds and water vapor. In comparison, the involvement of CO<sub>2</sub> was only 0.04%, making it too minuscule to measure reliably.展开更多
In this retraction note,we describe the World Journal of Clinical Cases(WJCC)Editorial Office’s decision and reason for retracting an article published in WJCC,volume 12,issue 13.
After three rounds of rigorous evaluation of core journals in gastroenterology andhepatology conducted by the Reference Citation Analysis (RCA) editorial team ofBaishideng Publishing Group (Baishideng), the RCA databa...After three rounds of rigorous evaluation of core journals in gastroenterology andhepatology conducted by the Reference Citation Analysis (RCA) editorial team ofBaishideng Publishing Group (Baishideng), the RCA database of Baishidengofficially released the 2022 Journal Article Influence Index (2022 JAII) of 101 corejournals in gastroenterology and hepatology, for the first time. The list of 101 corejournals can be found at: https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com/Search-Journal. Among them, the highest 2022 JAII is 48.014 and the lowest is 3.900. Thisarticle highlights the top 20 journals, describes the calculation method for the 2022JAII, the evaluation process, and the inclusion principles for journals in the RCA.These steps are the underpinning of the RCA’s empirical journal academicevaluation service by which the digital platform addresses the needs of authors toselect reliable journals for submission, readers to select high-quality literature forreading, and editors to track their own journal citation performance. As such, theRCA core journal list will serve as a useful Find-a-Journal tool. Any interestedparty is welcome to use this journal list and recommend it to their peers.展开更多
After three rounds of rigorous evaluation of core journals in orthopedics conducted by the Reference Citation Analysis(RCA)editorial team of Baishideng Publishing Group(Baishideng),the RCA database of Baishideng offic...After three rounds of rigorous evaluation of core journals in orthopedics conducted by the Reference Citation Analysis(RCA)editorial team of Baishideng Publishing Group(Baishideng),the RCA database of Baishideng officially released the 2022 Journal Article Influence Index(2022 JAII)of 104 core journals and a list of high-quality academic journals in orthopedics,for the first time on August 9,2022.The list of 104 core journals can be found at:https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com/SearchJournal.Among them,the highest 2022 JAII is 55.015 and the lowest is 3.076.This article introduces the 21 high-quality academic journals and describes the calculation method for the 2022 JAII,the evaluation process,and the inclusion principles for journals in the RCA.These steps are the underpinning of the RCA’s empirical journal academic evaluation service by which the digital platform addresses the needs of authors to select reliable journals for submission,readers to select high-quality literature for reading,and editors to track their own journal citation performance.As such,the RCA core journal list will serve as a useful Find-a-Journal tool.Any interested party is welcome to use this journal list and recommend it to their peers.展开更多
A novel gradient pressurized capillary electrochromatography (pCEC) instrument was developed to separate peptides. Two gradient elution modes, hydrophobic and hydrophilic interaction mode in pCEC, were performed on t...A novel gradient pressurized capillary electrochromatography (pCEC) instrument was developed to separate peptides. Two gradient elution modes, hydrophobic and hydrophilic interaction mode in pCEC, were performed on this instrument. Baseline separation of six peptides was obtained on two gradient modes with C18 column and strong cationic exchange column respectively. The effects of mixer volume and total flow rate of pumps on resolution were also discussed.展开更多
After three rounds of rigorous evaluation of registered scholars conducted by the Reference Citation Analysis(RCA)editorial team of Baishideng Publishing Group(Baishideng),the RCA database of Baishideng officially rel...After three rounds of rigorous evaluation of registered scholars conducted by the Reference Citation Analysis(RCA)editorial team of Baishideng Publishing Group(Baishideng),the RCA database of Baishideng officially released the 2022 Article Influence Index(2022 AII)of 632 scholars from 74 countries/territories in 98 research categories,for the first time.The list of 632 scholars can be found at:https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com/searchscholar.Among them,the highest 2022 AII is 348.211,the highest number of total citations is 42830,and the highest number of total articles is 901.The category with the largest number of RCA scholars is Gastroenterology&Hepatology,with a total of 100(15.8%),and the second is Surgery,with a total of 46(7.3%).This article summarizes the RCA scholars and describes the mission of RCA,the openness and transparency of RCA evaluation,the calculation method for the 2022 AII,and the evaluation process of RCA scholars.The RCA scholar list will effectively serve as a useful Find-a-Scholar tool.Any interested scholar is welcome to register and join this RCA scholar list.展开更多
Moleculary imprinted polymers using p-hydroxybenzoic acid as templates wassynthesized by an in situ polymerization reaction and rendered capillary monolithic column wasused in capillary electrochromatographic mode. Go...Moleculary imprinted polymers using p-hydroxybenzoic acid as templates wassynthesized by an in situ polymerization reaction and rendered capillary monolithic column wasused in capillary electrochromatographic mode. Good molecular recognition was achieved for p-hydroxybenzoic acid and good resolution of isomers can be realized.展开更多
Linked-Read sequencing technology has recently been employed successfully for de novo assembly of human genomes,however,the utility of this technology for complex plant genomes is unproven.We evaluated the technology ...Linked-Read sequencing technology has recently been employed successfully for de novo assembly of human genomes,however,the utility of this technology for complex plant genomes is unproven.We evaluated the technology for this purpose by sequencing the 3.5-gigabase(Gb)diploid pepper(Capsicum annuum)genome with a single Linked-Read library.Plant genomes,including pepper,are characterized by long,highly similar repetitive sequences.Accordingly,significant effort is used to ensure that the sequenced plant is highly homozygous and the resulting assembly is a haploid consensus.With a phased assembly approach,we targeted a heterozygous F1 derived from a wide cross to assess the ability to derive both haplotypes and characterize a pungency gene with a large insertion/deletion.The Supernova software generated a highly ordered,more contiguous sequence assembly than all currently available C.annuum reference genomes.Over 83%of the final assembly was anchored and oriented using four publicly available de novo linkage maps.A comparison of the annotation of conserved eukaryotic genes indicated the completeness of assembly.The validity of the phased assembly is further demonstrated with the complete recovery of both 2.5-Kb insertion/deletion haplotypes of the PUN1 locus in the F1 sample that represents pungent and nonpungent peppers,as well as nearly full recovery of the BUSCO2 gene set within each of the two haplotypes.The most contiguous pepper genome assembly to date has been generated which demonstrates that Linked-Read library technology provides a tool to de novo assemble complex highly repetitive heterozygous plant genomes.This technology can provide an opportunity to cost-effectively develop high-quality genome assemblies for other complex plants and compare structural and gene differences through accurate haplotype reconstruction.展开更多
Carbohydrate fatty acid esters have been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria in growth media. In this study, the antilisterial activities of the carbohydrate esters lactose monodecanoate (LMD) and lactose monolaur...Carbohydrate fatty acid esters have been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria in growth media. In this study, the antilisterial activities of the carbohydrate esters lactose monodecanoate (LMD) and lactose monolaurate (LML) were tested in milk samples with variable fat content (up to 10%) and at different temperatures (37°C, 24°C and 5°C) after inoculation with a 5-strain Listeria monocytogenes cocktail. Both LMD and LML demonstrated antilisterial properties against L. monocytogenes in milk, with the observed log reductions in the LMD milk samples being higher than those in the LML samples at all tested temperatures. LMD in 1% and 2% fat milk was found to be bactericidal with no Listeria growth by day 6. LMD showed significant antilisterial activity in milk samples containing up to 9% fat at 37°and in samples with up to 3.5% fat at 24°C and in milk samples with up to 2% fat at 5°C. LML showed significant Listeria log reductions at 37°C with milk containing up to 9% fat but showed no microbial inhibition in milk in any samples at 24°C and 5°C. Although carbohydrate fatty acid esters have proven microbial bactericidal/bacteriostatic properties in growth media, their antimicrobial properties are reduced in a food system containing fat and at temperatures lower than 37°C. The significance of this research is identifying food constituents and storage temperatures that limit the microbial inhibitory properties of lactose esters to ensure appropriate use as potential food grade antilisterial agents.展开更多
Therapeutic Acupunctural Resonance was first introduced in the academic field in 2015 and was positively welcomed by colleagues all around the world. However, I have decided to do further research going deeply into ne...Therapeutic Acupunctural Resonance was first introduced in the academic field in 2015 and was positively welcomed by colleagues all around the world. However, I have decided to do further research going deeply into new and more precise explanations which no longer refer to the effects of this particular treatment, but to how this technique works in the practice of Chinese Medicine. Being able to understand Therapeutic Acupunctural Resonance implies analyzing a series of phenomena related to historic landmarks of Classical Physics, as well as avant-garde theories within Quantum Physics and its theory of fields.展开更多
The World Journal of Hepatology(WJH)was launched in October 2009.It mainly publishes articles reporting research findings in the field of hepatology,covering a wide range of topics,including viral hepatitis B and C,no...The World Journal of Hepatology(WJH)was launched in October 2009.It mainly publishes articles reporting research findings in the field of hepatology,covering a wide range of topics,including viral hepatitis B and C,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,alcoholic liver disease,autoimmune and chronic cholestatic liver disease,drug-induced liver injury,cirrhosis,liver failure,hepatocellular carcinoma,coronavirus disease 2019-related liver conditions,etc.As of December 31,2020,the WJH has published 1349 articles,among which,the total cites is 18995 and the average cites per article is 14.In celebrating the New Year,we are pleased to share with you special a New Year’s greeting from the WJH Editors-in-Chief,along with a detailed overview of the journal’s submission,peer review and publishing metrics from 2020.In all,we are appreciative for the substantive support and submissions from authors worldwide,and the dedicated efforts and expertise provided by our invited reviewers and editorial board members.展开更多
The 2021 online editorial board meeting of the World Journal of Diabetes(WJD)was held on November 9,2021.Jin-Lei Wang,General Manager on behalf of the Baishideng Publishing Group,and Professor Islam,one of the Editors...The 2021 online editorial board meeting of the World Journal of Diabetes(WJD)was held on November 9,2021.Jin-Lei Wang,General Manager on behalf of the Baishideng Publishing Group,and Professor Islam,one of the Editors-in-Chiefs(EiCs)of the WJD,organized the meeting.Three EiCs and 18 Baishideng Publishing Group staff attended the meeting.The meeting goal was to brief the EiCs on the journal’s performance,discuss the issues of concern of the EiCs,and gather ideas for the journal’s development in 2022.As of November 8,the WJD had received 287 manuscripts since the year’s start,among which 122 met the criteria for publication.These numbers represent an increase of 117.4%for submissions and 110.3%for publications compared to those in 2020.However,how to effectively control the academic quality of manuscripts and attract highquality original article submissions remain a challenge.The EiCs provided feedback and suggestions centered on three topics:(1)Who should and how to control the academic quality of the manuscripts;(2)How the EiCs perform their responsibilities;and(3)The distinctive and shared responsibilities of the publisher and the EiCs.展开更多
Carbon dioxide rise, swing and spread (seasonal fluctuations) are addressed in this study. Actual CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations were used rather than dry values. The dry values are artificially higher beca...Carbon dioxide rise, swing and spread (seasonal fluctuations) are addressed in this study. Actual CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations were used rather than dry values. The dry values are artificially higher because water vapor must be removed in order for the NDIR instrument to work and is not factored back into the reported numbers. Articles addressing these observations express opinions that are divergent and often conflicting. This investigation resolves many of those inconsistencies. The data were obtained from many measuring stations at various latitudes since 1972 and then graphical compared to changes in sea temperatures, fossil fuel emissions, humidity, and seasonal ice and snow changes. In analyzing the data, various parameters were addressed including: variability, R squared curve values, correlations between curves, residence times, absorption percentages, and Troposphere effects. Mass balance calculations were also made to corroborate viability. The CO<sub>2</sub> “rise” over a 33-year period from a slight ocean temperature increase (0.7°F) contributed 2.3 percent of the total rise while fossil fuel emissions contributed 1.5 percent. The overwhelming majority (60 ppmv, 96%+) was caused by other factors including ocean and land biology as well potential errors in fundamental hypotheses. With respect to “spread” (seasonal CO<sub>2</sub> fluctuations) at the Polar Circles, graphical analysis with high correlations supported by mass balance calculations confirm that ice and snow are the primary cause and explain why the concentrations are the highest at these cold locations. The global variations in “swing” remain uncertain.展开更多
Conventional electron and optical microscopy techniques require the sample to be sectioned, polished or etched to expose the internal surfaces for imaging. However, such sample preparation techniques have traditionall...Conventional electron and optical microscopy techniques require the sample to be sectioned, polished or etched to expose the internal surfaces for imaging. However, such sample preparation techniques have traditionally prevented the observation of the same sample over time, under realistic three-dimensional geometries and in an environment representative of real-world operating conditions. X-ray microscopy (XRM) is a rapidly emerging technique that enables non-destructive evaluation of buried structures within hard to soft materials in 3D, requiring little to no sample preparation. Furthermore in situ and 4D quantification of microstructural evolution under controlled environment as a function of time, temperature, chemistry or stress can be done repeatable on the same sample, using practical specimen sizes ranging from tens of microns to several cm diameter, with achievable imaging resolution from submicron to 50 nm. Many of these studies were reported using XRM in synchrotron beamlines. These include crack propagation on composite and construction materials; corrosion studies; microstructural changes during the setting of cement; flow studies within porous media to mention but a few.展开更多
BACKGROUND Journal Impact Factor™(JIF)is often used to evaluate the relative reputation and quality of academic journals in their respective fields,and can greatly influence the quality and scope of subsequent manuscr...BACKGROUND Journal Impact Factor™(JIF)is often used to evaluate the relative reputation and quality of academic journals in their respective fields,and can greatly influence the quality and scope of subsequent manuscript submissions.Therefore,many if not all academic journals are interested in increasing their JIF,to improve their academic impact.AIM To determine the importance of the integrity of the editorial and publication process in improving the academic influence of academic journals and the JIF of academic journals.METHODS In this paper,we describe our statistical analysis of bibliometric factors-including the 2021 JIFs released in the Journal Citation Report™2022,discipline rankings,received and published articles in 2019-2021,and webpage visits and downloads-for seven journals published by Baishideng Publishing Group(Baishideng)and indexed in Science Citation Index Expanded™;ultimately,we introduce and discuss the editing and publishing processes of Baishideng’s journals in their entirety,as they form the basis for our objective of safeguarding and bolstering integrity in academic publication.RESULTS For the seven journals assessed,their 2021 JIFs were basically unchanged from 2020,with the current metric ranging from 5.374 for World Journal of Gastroenterology(WJG)to 1.534 for World Journal of Clinical Cases(WJCC).Further assessments of the journals’bibliometrics from 2019 to 2020,showed that World Journal of Stem Cells has the highest self-citation rate(1.43%)and World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery has the lowest(0.21%).Additionally,the total 3012 articles published during this period were cited by more than 20000 articles in approximately 8000 academic journals.Of note,the 1102 articles published in WJG were cited by articles in 3059 journals,among which 171 journals have a JIF of>10,including internationally renowned academic journals such as CA-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians(2021 JIF 286.130,record count:1),Lancet(2021 JIF 202.731,record count:4),Nature Reviews Immunology(2021 JIF 108.555,record count:2),Nature Reviews Gastroenterology&Hepatology(2021 JIF 73.082,record count:9),Lancet Gastroenterology&Hepatology(2021 JIF 45.042,record count:8),Gastroenterology(2021 JIF 33.883,record count:19),and Gut(2021 JIF 31.793,record count:21).This suggests that Baishideng’s journals have been widely recognized for their academic quality.In the Reference Citation Analysis(RCA)database,all seven Baishidengpublished journals obtained a 2022 Journal Article Influence Index(JAII).For example,WJG has a 2022 JAII of 22.048,ranking 18th out of 102 journals in the field of gastroenterology&hepatology in the RCA,with 469909 total citations(6/102)and 21313 total articles(5/102).The numbers of manuscripts received and published in 2021 were both higher than those in 2019-2020.For example,WJCC received a total of 3650 manuscripts in 2021,which is 91.1%higher than those in 2019-2020(average:1910 papers/year).In 2021,WJCC published 1296 articles,representing an increase of 105.1%compared to those in 2019-2020(average:632 articles/year).The numbers of webpage visits and downloads received by the seven journals have increased year by year.For example,the number of total visits received by WJG in 2019-2021 was 1974052 in 2019,2317835 in 2020(increased by 17.4%compared with that in 2019),and 2652555 in 2021(increased by 4.4%compared with that in 2020).The visitors were from more than 220 countries and regions worldwide,such as the United States,China,and the United Kingdom.Open access(OA)plays a vital role in improving the quality,efficiency,transparency,and integrity of academic journal publishing.From 2019 to 2021,a total of 5543 OA articles were published in the seven journals,of which 2083(37.6%)were invited and published free-of-charge.During the same period,1683 articles were published in WJG,and the authors were from more than 70 countries and regions.For the total 5543 articles published in the seven journals from 2019 to 2021,3903 article quality tracking reports were received after the online publication of these articles.The quality of the articles was further evaluated through the Baishideng’s article quality and author evaluation tracking system,with 4655 articles(84.0%)having received author evaluation and feedback,which contributes to tracking metrics for authors’satisfaction with the collective publication processes.From March 25,2021 to June 28,2022,the seven journals received a total of 424 reader evaluations and 229 letters from readers;this subsequent reader engagement demonstrates that the popularity of the published articles and the volume of their readership audience were improved through the reader evaluation system.CONCLUSION Ultimately,the findings from our bibliometric assessments indicate that establishing,promoting and actively practicing processes that safeguard and bolster the integrity of the editing and publication process also help to improve the academic influence of academic journals,which itself is the cornerstone for improving JIF.展开更多
文摘In this retraction note,we describe the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery(WJGS)Editorial Office’s decision and reason for retracting an article published in WJGS,volume 16,issue 1.
文摘In 2023,Baishideng Publishing Group(Baishideng)routinely published 47 openaccess journals,including 46 English-language journals and 1 Chinese-language journal.Our successes were accomplished through the collective dedicated efforts of Baishideng staffs,Editorial Board Members,and Peer Reviewers.Among these 47 Baishideng journals,7 are included in the Science Citation Index Expanded(SCIE)and 6 in the Emerging Sources Citation Index(ESCI).With the support of Baishideng authors,company staffs,Editorial Board Members,and Peer Reviewers,the publication work of 2023 is about to be successfully completed.This editorial summarizes the 2023 activities and accomplishments of the 13 SCIEand ESCI-indexed Baishideng journals,outlines the Baishideng publishing policy changes and additions made this year,and highlights the unique advantages of Baishideng journals.
文摘This study determines if there is a correlation between rising carbon dioxide levels and global warming. Historical data were reviewed from three different time periods spanning 500 million years. It showed that the curves and trends were too dissimilar to establish a connection. Observations from CO<sub>2</sub>/temp ratios showed that the CO<sub>2</sub> and the temperature moved in opposite directions 42% of the time. Many ratios displayed zero or near zero values, reflecting a lack of response. As much as 87% of the ratios revealed negative or near zero values, which strongly negate a correlation. The infrared spectra showed the Greenhouse Gases had an exceptionally low absorption band between 11.67 μm to 9.1 μm, which is a zone called the infrared atmospheric window. Most of the Greenhouse Gases absorb little infrared inside that zone. And that zone is where the Earth’s surface emits almost all infrared radiation. Even with minimal absorbance, water vapor captures the most infrared radiation. It absorbs 84 times more than CO<sub>2</sub>, 407 thousand times more than methane, 452 thousand times more than ozone and 2.3 million times more than nitrous oxide. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the United States EPA excluded water vapor because it was not associated with man-made activities. They reported that water vapor and clouds were simply feedback mechanisms from CO<sub>2</sub>. Clouds reflect radiation from the sun. The Northern Hemisphere is 2.7°F warmer than the Southern Hemisphere because of clouds. The world cloud cover has gone down 4.1% from 1982 to 2018. Calculations show that this could be responsible for 2.4°F of the 2.7°F. The research shows that most of the recent increase in temperature (89.9%) is because of fewer clouds.
文摘The analysis of Greenhouse Effect experiments in the public domain indicated that the lab tests were primarily centered around illustrating the mechanics of conventional greenhouses. They used high-energy visible light (such as sunlight), rather than addressing the Greenhouse Effect, which involves low-energy infrared radiation emitted by the Earth’s surface. Studies with argon, a non-greenhouse gas with similar density to CO2, showed thermal heat transfer as the dominant factor in the temperature profiles, with radiation absorption being undetected. The same conclusion was drawn by another study, which measured infrared back radiation. Experiments using exaggerated CO2 concentrations inadvertently illustrated the principle of the Popper Falsification Test by disproving the Greenhouse Effect applicable to CO2 within the troposphere. A straightforward kitchen test showed that a microwave oven cannot be used as a model for the Greenhouse Effect.
文摘In 1995, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a thermodynamic model based on the Greenhouse Effect, aiming to forecast global temperatures. This study delves into the intricacies of that model. Some interesting observations are revealed. The IPCC model equated average temperatures with average energy fluxes, which can cause significant errors. The model assumed that all energy fluxes remained constant, and the Earth emitted infrared radiation as if it were a blackbody. Neither of those conditions exists. The IPCC’s definition of Climate Change only includes events caused by human actions, excluding most causes. Satellite data aimed at the tops of clouds may have inferred a high Greenhouse Gas absorption flux. The model showed more energy coming from the atmosphere than absorbed from the sun, which may have caused a violation of the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. There were unexpectedly large gaps in the satellite data that aligned with various absorption bands of Greenhouse Gases, possibly caused by photon scattering associated with re-emissions. Based on science, we developed a cloud-based climate model that complied with the Radiation Laws and the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. The Cloud Model showed that 81.3% of the outgoing reflected and infrared radiation was applicable to the clouds and water vapor. In comparison, the involvement of CO<sub>2</sub> was only 0.04%, making it too minuscule to measure reliably.
文摘In this retraction note,we describe the World Journal of Clinical Cases(WJCC)Editorial Office’s decision and reason for retracting an article published in WJCC,volume 12,issue 13.
文摘After three rounds of rigorous evaluation of core journals in gastroenterology andhepatology conducted by the Reference Citation Analysis (RCA) editorial team ofBaishideng Publishing Group (Baishideng), the RCA database of Baishidengofficially released the 2022 Journal Article Influence Index (2022 JAII) of 101 corejournals in gastroenterology and hepatology, for the first time. The list of 101 corejournals can be found at: https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com/Search-Journal. Among them, the highest 2022 JAII is 48.014 and the lowest is 3.900. Thisarticle highlights the top 20 journals, describes the calculation method for the 2022JAII, the evaluation process, and the inclusion principles for journals in the RCA.These steps are the underpinning of the RCA’s empirical journal academicevaluation service by which the digital platform addresses the needs of authors toselect reliable journals for submission, readers to select high-quality literature forreading, and editors to track their own journal citation performance. As such, theRCA core journal list will serve as a useful Find-a-Journal tool. Any interestedparty is welcome to use this journal list and recommend it to their peers.
文摘After three rounds of rigorous evaluation of core journals in orthopedics conducted by the Reference Citation Analysis(RCA)editorial team of Baishideng Publishing Group(Baishideng),the RCA database of Baishideng officially released the 2022 Journal Article Influence Index(2022 JAII)of 104 core journals and a list of high-quality academic journals in orthopedics,for the first time on August 9,2022.The list of 104 core journals can be found at:https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com/SearchJournal.Among them,the highest 2022 JAII is 55.015 and the lowest is 3.076.This article introduces the 21 high-quality academic journals and describes the calculation method for the 2022 JAII,the evaluation process,and the inclusion principles for journals in the RCA.These steps are the underpinning of the RCA’s empirical journal academic evaluation service by which the digital platform addresses the needs of authors to select reliable journals for submission,readers to select high-quality literature for reading,and editors to track their own journal citation performance.As such,the RCA core journal list will serve as a useful Find-a-Journal tool.Any interested party is welcome to use this journal list and recommend it to their peers.
基金The study is supported by NNSFC,grant No.20175010.
文摘A novel gradient pressurized capillary electrochromatography (pCEC) instrument was developed to separate peptides. Two gradient elution modes, hydrophobic and hydrophilic interaction mode in pCEC, were performed on this instrument. Baseline separation of six peptides was obtained on two gradient modes with C18 column and strong cationic exchange column respectively. The effects of mixer volume and total flow rate of pumps on resolution were also discussed.
文摘After three rounds of rigorous evaluation of registered scholars conducted by the Reference Citation Analysis(RCA)editorial team of Baishideng Publishing Group(Baishideng),the RCA database of Baishideng officially released the 2022 Article Influence Index(2022 AII)of 632 scholars from 74 countries/territories in 98 research categories,for the first time.The list of 632 scholars can be found at:https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com/searchscholar.Among them,the highest 2022 AII is 348.211,the highest number of total citations is 42830,and the highest number of total articles is 901.The category with the largest number of RCA scholars is Gastroenterology&Hepatology,with a total of 100(15.8%),and the second is Surgery,with a total of 46(7.3%).This article summarizes the RCA scholars and describes the mission of RCA,the openness and transparency of RCA evaluation,the calculation method for the 2022 AII,and the evaluation process of RCA scholars.The RCA scholar list will effectively serve as a useful Find-a-Scholar tool.Any interested scholar is welcome to register and join this RCA scholar list.
文摘Moleculary imprinted polymers using p-hydroxybenzoic acid as templates wassynthesized by an in situ polymerization reaction and rendered capillary monolithic column wasused in capillary electrochromatographic mode. Good molecular recognition was achieved for p-hydroxybenzoic acid and good resolution of isomers can be realized.
基金This work was supported by research grants provided by Enza Zaden and Rijk ZwaanLibrary preparation and sequencing costs were provided by 10x GenomicsAdditional support was from the UC Davis Seed Biotechnology Center and USDA-ARS Project#6066-21310-004-00-D.
文摘Linked-Read sequencing technology has recently been employed successfully for de novo assembly of human genomes,however,the utility of this technology for complex plant genomes is unproven.We evaluated the technology for this purpose by sequencing the 3.5-gigabase(Gb)diploid pepper(Capsicum annuum)genome with a single Linked-Read library.Plant genomes,including pepper,are characterized by long,highly similar repetitive sequences.Accordingly,significant effort is used to ensure that the sequenced plant is highly homozygous and the resulting assembly is a haploid consensus.With a phased assembly approach,we targeted a heterozygous F1 derived from a wide cross to assess the ability to derive both haplotypes and characterize a pungency gene with a large insertion/deletion.The Supernova software generated a highly ordered,more contiguous sequence assembly than all currently available C.annuum reference genomes.Over 83%of the final assembly was anchored and oriented using four publicly available de novo linkage maps.A comparison of the annotation of conserved eukaryotic genes indicated the completeness of assembly.The validity of the phased assembly is further demonstrated with the complete recovery of both 2.5-Kb insertion/deletion haplotypes of the PUN1 locus in the F1 sample that represents pungent and nonpungent peppers,as well as nearly full recovery of the BUSCO2 gene set within each of the two haplotypes.The most contiguous pepper genome assembly to date has been generated which demonstrates that Linked-Read library technology provides a tool to de novo assemble complex highly repetitive heterozygous plant genomes.This technology can provide an opportunity to cost-effectively develop high-quality genome assemblies for other complex plants and compare structural and gene differences through accurate haplotype reconstruction.
文摘Carbohydrate fatty acid esters have been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria in growth media. In this study, the antilisterial activities of the carbohydrate esters lactose monodecanoate (LMD) and lactose monolaurate (LML) were tested in milk samples with variable fat content (up to 10%) and at different temperatures (37°C, 24°C and 5°C) after inoculation with a 5-strain Listeria monocytogenes cocktail. Both LMD and LML demonstrated antilisterial properties against L. monocytogenes in milk, with the observed log reductions in the LMD milk samples being higher than those in the LML samples at all tested temperatures. LMD in 1% and 2% fat milk was found to be bactericidal with no Listeria growth by day 6. LMD showed significant antilisterial activity in milk samples containing up to 9% fat at 37°and in samples with up to 3.5% fat at 24°C and in milk samples with up to 2% fat at 5°C. LML showed significant Listeria log reductions at 37°C with milk containing up to 9% fat but showed no microbial inhibition in milk in any samples at 24°C and 5°C. Although carbohydrate fatty acid esters have proven microbial bactericidal/bacteriostatic properties in growth media, their antimicrobial properties are reduced in a food system containing fat and at temperatures lower than 37°C. The significance of this research is identifying food constituents and storage temperatures that limit the microbial inhibitory properties of lactose esters to ensure appropriate use as potential food grade antilisterial agents.
文摘Therapeutic Acupunctural Resonance was first introduced in the academic field in 2015 and was positively welcomed by colleagues all around the world. However, I have decided to do further research going deeply into new and more precise explanations which no longer refer to the effects of this particular treatment, but to how this technique works in the practice of Chinese Medicine. Being able to understand Therapeutic Acupunctural Resonance implies analyzing a series of phenomena related to historic landmarks of Classical Physics, as well as avant-garde theories within Quantum Physics and its theory of fields.
文摘The World Journal of Hepatology(WJH)was launched in October 2009.It mainly publishes articles reporting research findings in the field of hepatology,covering a wide range of topics,including viral hepatitis B and C,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,alcoholic liver disease,autoimmune and chronic cholestatic liver disease,drug-induced liver injury,cirrhosis,liver failure,hepatocellular carcinoma,coronavirus disease 2019-related liver conditions,etc.As of December 31,2020,the WJH has published 1349 articles,among which,the total cites is 18995 and the average cites per article is 14.In celebrating the New Year,we are pleased to share with you special a New Year’s greeting from the WJH Editors-in-Chief,along with a detailed overview of the journal’s submission,peer review and publishing metrics from 2020.In all,we are appreciative for the substantive support and submissions from authors worldwide,and the dedicated efforts and expertise provided by our invited reviewers and editorial board members.
文摘The 2021 online editorial board meeting of the World Journal of Diabetes(WJD)was held on November 9,2021.Jin-Lei Wang,General Manager on behalf of the Baishideng Publishing Group,and Professor Islam,one of the Editors-in-Chiefs(EiCs)of the WJD,organized the meeting.Three EiCs and 18 Baishideng Publishing Group staff attended the meeting.The meeting goal was to brief the EiCs on the journal’s performance,discuss the issues of concern of the EiCs,and gather ideas for the journal’s development in 2022.As of November 8,the WJD had received 287 manuscripts since the year’s start,among which 122 met the criteria for publication.These numbers represent an increase of 117.4%for submissions and 110.3%for publications compared to those in 2020.However,how to effectively control the academic quality of manuscripts and attract highquality original article submissions remain a challenge.The EiCs provided feedback and suggestions centered on three topics:(1)Who should and how to control the academic quality of the manuscripts;(2)How the EiCs perform their responsibilities;and(3)The distinctive and shared responsibilities of the publisher and the EiCs.
文摘Carbon dioxide rise, swing and spread (seasonal fluctuations) are addressed in this study. Actual CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations were used rather than dry values. The dry values are artificially higher because water vapor must be removed in order for the NDIR instrument to work and is not factored back into the reported numbers. Articles addressing these observations express opinions that are divergent and often conflicting. This investigation resolves many of those inconsistencies. The data were obtained from many measuring stations at various latitudes since 1972 and then graphical compared to changes in sea temperatures, fossil fuel emissions, humidity, and seasonal ice and snow changes. In analyzing the data, various parameters were addressed including: variability, R squared curve values, correlations between curves, residence times, absorption percentages, and Troposphere effects. Mass balance calculations were also made to corroborate viability. The CO<sub>2</sub> “rise” over a 33-year period from a slight ocean temperature increase (0.7°F) contributed 2.3 percent of the total rise while fossil fuel emissions contributed 1.5 percent. The overwhelming majority (60 ppmv, 96%+) was caused by other factors including ocean and land biology as well potential errors in fundamental hypotheses. With respect to “spread” (seasonal CO<sub>2</sub> fluctuations) at the Polar Circles, graphical analysis with high correlations supported by mass balance calculations confirm that ice and snow are the primary cause and explain why the concentrations are the highest at these cold locations. The global variations in “swing” remain uncertain.
文摘Conventional electron and optical microscopy techniques require the sample to be sectioned, polished or etched to expose the internal surfaces for imaging. However, such sample preparation techniques have traditionally prevented the observation of the same sample over time, under realistic three-dimensional geometries and in an environment representative of real-world operating conditions. X-ray microscopy (XRM) is a rapidly emerging technique that enables non-destructive evaluation of buried structures within hard to soft materials in 3D, requiring little to no sample preparation. Furthermore in situ and 4D quantification of microstructural evolution under controlled environment as a function of time, temperature, chemistry or stress can be done repeatable on the same sample, using practical specimen sizes ranging from tens of microns to several cm diameter, with achievable imaging resolution from submicron to 50 nm. Many of these studies were reported using XRM in synchrotron beamlines. These include crack propagation on composite and construction materials; corrosion studies; microstructural changes during the setting of cement; flow studies within porous media to mention but a few.
文摘BACKGROUND Journal Impact Factor™(JIF)is often used to evaluate the relative reputation and quality of academic journals in their respective fields,and can greatly influence the quality and scope of subsequent manuscript submissions.Therefore,many if not all academic journals are interested in increasing their JIF,to improve their academic impact.AIM To determine the importance of the integrity of the editorial and publication process in improving the academic influence of academic journals and the JIF of academic journals.METHODS In this paper,we describe our statistical analysis of bibliometric factors-including the 2021 JIFs released in the Journal Citation Report™2022,discipline rankings,received and published articles in 2019-2021,and webpage visits and downloads-for seven journals published by Baishideng Publishing Group(Baishideng)and indexed in Science Citation Index Expanded™;ultimately,we introduce and discuss the editing and publishing processes of Baishideng’s journals in their entirety,as they form the basis for our objective of safeguarding and bolstering integrity in academic publication.RESULTS For the seven journals assessed,their 2021 JIFs were basically unchanged from 2020,with the current metric ranging from 5.374 for World Journal of Gastroenterology(WJG)to 1.534 for World Journal of Clinical Cases(WJCC).Further assessments of the journals’bibliometrics from 2019 to 2020,showed that World Journal of Stem Cells has the highest self-citation rate(1.43%)and World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery has the lowest(0.21%).Additionally,the total 3012 articles published during this period were cited by more than 20000 articles in approximately 8000 academic journals.Of note,the 1102 articles published in WJG were cited by articles in 3059 journals,among which 171 journals have a JIF of>10,including internationally renowned academic journals such as CA-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians(2021 JIF 286.130,record count:1),Lancet(2021 JIF 202.731,record count:4),Nature Reviews Immunology(2021 JIF 108.555,record count:2),Nature Reviews Gastroenterology&Hepatology(2021 JIF 73.082,record count:9),Lancet Gastroenterology&Hepatology(2021 JIF 45.042,record count:8),Gastroenterology(2021 JIF 33.883,record count:19),and Gut(2021 JIF 31.793,record count:21).This suggests that Baishideng’s journals have been widely recognized for their academic quality.In the Reference Citation Analysis(RCA)database,all seven Baishidengpublished journals obtained a 2022 Journal Article Influence Index(JAII).For example,WJG has a 2022 JAII of 22.048,ranking 18th out of 102 journals in the field of gastroenterology&hepatology in the RCA,with 469909 total citations(6/102)and 21313 total articles(5/102).The numbers of manuscripts received and published in 2021 were both higher than those in 2019-2020.For example,WJCC received a total of 3650 manuscripts in 2021,which is 91.1%higher than those in 2019-2020(average:1910 papers/year).In 2021,WJCC published 1296 articles,representing an increase of 105.1%compared to those in 2019-2020(average:632 articles/year).The numbers of webpage visits and downloads received by the seven journals have increased year by year.For example,the number of total visits received by WJG in 2019-2021 was 1974052 in 2019,2317835 in 2020(increased by 17.4%compared with that in 2019),and 2652555 in 2021(increased by 4.4%compared with that in 2020).The visitors were from more than 220 countries and regions worldwide,such as the United States,China,and the United Kingdom.Open access(OA)plays a vital role in improving the quality,efficiency,transparency,and integrity of academic journal publishing.From 2019 to 2021,a total of 5543 OA articles were published in the seven journals,of which 2083(37.6%)were invited and published free-of-charge.During the same period,1683 articles were published in WJG,and the authors were from more than 70 countries and regions.For the total 5543 articles published in the seven journals from 2019 to 2021,3903 article quality tracking reports were received after the online publication of these articles.The quality of the articles was further evaluated through the Baishideng’s article quality and author evaluation tracking system,with 4655 articles(84.0%)having received author evaluation and feedback,which contributes to tracking metrics for authors’satisfaction with the collective publication processes.From March 25,2021 to June 28,2022,the seven journals received a total of 424 reader evaluations and 229 letters from readers;this subsequent reader engagement demonstrates that the popularity of the published articles and the volume of their readership audience were improved through the reader evaluation system.CONCLUSION Ultimately,the findings from our bibliometric assessments indicate that establishing,promoting and actively practicing processes that safeguard and bolster the integrity of the editing and publication process also help to improve the academic influence of academic journals,which itself is the cornerstone for improving JIF.
