The Internet of Things(IoT)provides new opportunities for different IoT platforms connecting various devices together.The need to identify those devices is the foremost important to perform any kind of operation.Many ...The Internet of Things(IoT)provides new opportunities for different IoT platforms connecting various devices together.The need to identify those devices is the foremost important to perform any kind of operation.Many organizations and standard bodies that provide specifications and frameworks for the IoT currently have their own identification mechanisms.Some existing industrial identification mechanisms can also be used in the IoT.There is no common Identification Scheme(IS)for the IoT as yet,because of the political and commercial differences amongst the standard bodies.The unavailability of a unified IS method makes the inter-working among IoT platforms challenging.This paper analyses and compares ISs used by several selected IoT platforms.This work will help in understanding the need for a common identification mechanism to provide inter-working among different IoT platforms.展开更多
Aging is a complex biological process characterized by nine hallmarks,including genomic instability,mitochondrial dysfunction,and chronic inflammation,which collectively drive the progression of age-related chronic no...Aging is a complex biological process characterized by nine hallmarks,including genomic instability,mitochondrial dysfunction,and chronic inflammation,which collectively drive the progression of age-related chronic non-communicable diseases.Phytonutrients,a class of bioactive secondary metabolites abundant in plants,have emerged as a promising research focus for intervening in the aging process due to their multifaceted biological activities.This review systematically elaborates on the molecular mechanisms,key signaling pathways,specifically SIRT1,Nrf2/ARE,and AMPK/mTOR,and the synergistic anti-aging effects of four typical phytonutrient categories:polyphenols(e.g.,resveratrol,quercetin),carotenoids(e.g.,lycopene,astaxanthin),sulfur compounds(e.g.,α-lipoic acid,ergothioneine),and phytoestrogens(e.g.,soybean isoflavones).The evidence indicates that these compounds combat aging through a multidimensional network involving direct antioxidant actions,free radical scavenging,metal chelation,promotion of autophagy,and modulation of inflammatory and epigenetic pathways.Crucially,the review highlights that synergistic interactions between different phytonutrients can significantly enhance their efficacy beyond the effect of any single compound.The aim is to consolidate the anti-aging evidence of phytonutrients and address the current translational challenges,such as bioavailability and a lack of robust human trials,thereby providing a comprehensive theoretical framework for developing effective,diet-centered strategies to promote healthy aging and reduce the global burden of non-communicable diseases.展开更多
Background:Tandem gene repeats naturally occur as important genomic features and determine many traits in living organisms,like human diseases and microbial productivities of target bioproducts.Methods:Here,we develop...Background:Tandem gene repeats naturally occur as important genomic features and determine many traits in living organisms,like human diseases and microbial productivities of target bioproducts.Methods:Here,we developed a bacterial type-II toxin-antitoxin-mediated method to manipulate genomic integration of tandem gene repeats in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and further visualised the evolutionary trajectories of gene repeats.We designed a tri-vector system to introduce toxin-antitoxin-driven gene amplification modules.Results:This system delivered multi-copy gene integration in the form of tandem gene repeats spontaneously and independently from toxin-antitoxin-mediated selection.Inducing the toxin(RelE)expressing via a copper(II)-inducible CUP1 promoter successfully drove the in-situ gene amplification of the antitoxin(RelB)module,resulting in~40 copies of a green fluorescence reporter gene per copy of genome.Copy-number changes,copy-number increase and copy-number decrease,and stable maintenance were visualised using the green fluorescence protein and blue chromoprotein AeBlue as reporters.Copy-number increases happened spontaneously and independent on a selection pressure.Increased copy number was quickly enriched through toxin-antitoxin-mediated selection.Conclusion:In summary,the bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems provide a flexible mechanism to manipulate gene copy number in eukaryotic cells and can be exploited for synthetic biology and metabolic engineering applications.展开更多
提出了一种基于卷积神经网络的物品矢量检测识别方法:ACDet(self-attention and concatenation based detector),旨在解决照度变化下密集无序药品包装轮廓的高效检测问题。该方法采用组合图像增强技术提升模型学习物品外观特征的能力,...提出了一种基于卷积神经网络的物品矢量检测识别方法:ACDet(self-attention and concatenation based detector),旨在解决照度变化下密集无序药品包装轮廓的高效检测问题。该方法采用组合图像增强技术提升模型学习物品外观特征的能力,对计算模块C2F-A(C2F with attention)采用多条梯度流输出来进行多维度的强化自我注意力增强,包括特征维度和空间维度。设计的WConcat(weighted concatenation)模块可以对不同层次的特征图进行加权拼接并捕捉更关键的特征图,从而使网络具备更好的认知能力。在医药案例数据集(cancer pathological and pharmaceutical dataset,CPPD)实验中实现了81.0%的mAP(mean average precision),79.5%的Smoot hmAP,平均领先其他YOLO(you only look once)架构的模型5.5%~16.6%,在公开数据集平均领先0.7%~6.9%。同时,零样本测试中复核成功率达到99.9%。研究结果显示,ACDet能克服复杂检测场景难题,实现网络鲁棒性提升及轻量化,为工业智能化生产提供了技术支持。展开更多
Sulfur-doped iron-cobalt tannate nanorods(S-FeCoTA)derived from metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)as electrocatalysts were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method.The optimized S-FeCoTA was interlaced by loose nano...Sulfur-doped iron-cobalt tannate nanorods(S-FeCoTA)derived from metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)as electrocatalysts were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method.The optimized S-FeCoTA was interlaced by loose nanorods,which had many voids.The S-FeCoTA catalysts exhibited excellent electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance with a low overpotential of 273 mV at 10 mA·cm^(-2)and a small Tafel slope of 36 mV·dec^(-1)in 1 mol·L^(-1)KOH.The potential remained at 1.48 V(vs RHE)at 10 mA·cm^(-2)under continuous testing for 15 h,implying that S-FeCoTA had good stability.The Faraday efficiency of S-FeCoTA was 94%.The outstanding OER activity of S-FeCoTA is attributed to the synergistic effects among S,Fe,and Co,thus promoting electron transfer,reducing the reaction kinetic barrier,and enhancing the OER performance.展开更多
Electrospinning technology has emerged as a promising method for fabricating flexible lithium-ion batter-ies(FLIBs)due to its ability to create materials with desir-able properties for energy storage applications.FLIB...Electrospinning technology has emerged as a promising method for fabricating flexible lithium-ion batter-ies(FLIBs)due to its ability to create materials with desir-able properties for energy storage applications.FLIBs,which are foldable and have high energy densities,are be-coming increasingly important as power sources for wear-able devices,flexible electronics,and mobile energy applica-tions.Carbon materials,especially carbon nanofibers,are pivotal in improving the performance of FLIBs by increas-ing electrical conductivity,chemical stability,and surface area,as well as reducing costs.These materials also play a significant role in establishing conducting networks and im-proving structural integrity,which are essential for extend-ing the cycle life and enhancing the safety of the batteries.This review considers the role of electrospinning in the fabrication of critical FLIB components,with a particular emphasis on the integration of carbon materials.It explores strategies to optimize FLIB performance by fine-tuning the electrospinning para-meters,such as electric field strength,spinning rate,solution concentration,and carbonization process.Precise control over fiber properties is crucial for enhancing battery reliability and stability during folding and bending.It also highlights the latest research findings in carbon-based electrode materials,high-performance electrolytes,and separator structures,discussing the practical challenges and opportunities these materials present.It underscores the significant impact of carbon materials on the evolution of FLIBs and their potential to shape future energy storage technologies.展开更多
Data-driven drug repositioning using olfactory omics profiles-challenges and perspectives in neurodegeneration:Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive degeneration and loss of neuronal function in ...Data-driven drug repositioning using olfactory omics profiles-challenges and perspectives in neurodegeneration:Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive degeneration and loss of neuronal function in the central nervous system.These diseases are often characterized as proteinopathies,which are disorders primarily driven by the aggregation or misfolding of specific amyloid proteins within cells,leading to their dysfunction and eventual death.Despite the gain-of-function hypothesis related to the aggregation of these proteins,recently,an alternative hypothesis regarding the loss-of-function of the soluble monomeric proteins during the process of aggregation into amyloids is gaining currency.This last event is called proteinopenia and refers to conditions characterized by a deficiency or decrease in the levels of specific soluble proteins in the body(Ezzat et al.,2023).It has been demonstrated that levels of soluble proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases are decreased.展开更多
Improving the volumetric energy density of supercapacitors is essential for practical applications,which highly relies on the dense storage of ions in carbon-based electrodes.The functional units of carbon-based elect...Improving the volumetric energy density of supercapacitors is essential for practical applications,which highly relies on the dense storage of ions in carbon-based electrodes.The functional units of carbon-based electrode exhibit multi-scale structural characteristics including macroscopic electrode morphologies,mesoscopic microcrystals and pores,and microscopic defects and dopants in the carbon basal plane.Therefore,the ordered combination of multi-scale structures of carbon electrode is crucial for achieving dense energy storage and high volumetric performance by leveraging the functions of various scale structu re.Considering that previous reviews have focused more on the discussion of specific scale structu re of carbon electrodes,this review takes a multi-scale perspective in which recent progresses regarding the structureperformance relationship,underlying mechanism and directional design of carbon-based multi-scale structures including carbon morphology,pore structure,carbon basal plane micro-environment and electrode technology on dense energy storage and volumetric property of supercapacitors are systematically discussed.We analyzed in detail the effects of the morphology,pore,and micro-environment of carbon electrode materials on ion dense storage,summarized the specific effects of different scale structures on volumetric property and recent research progress,and proposed the mutual influence and trade-off relationship between various scale structures.In addition,the challenges and outlooks for improving the dense storage and volumetric performance of carbon-based supercapacitors are analyzed,which can provide feasible technical reference and guidance for the design and manufacture of dense carbon-based electrode materials.展开更多
To investigate the effects of the maximum principal stress direction(θ)and cross-section shape on the failure characteristics of sandstone,true-triaxial compression experiments were conducted using cubic samples with...To investigate the effects of the maximum principal stress direction(θ)and cross-section shape on the failure characteristics of sandstone,true-triaxial compression experiments were conducted using cubic samples with rectangular,circular,and D-shaped holes.Asθincreases from 0°to 60°in the rectangular hole,the left failure location shifts from the left corner to the left sidewall,the left corner,and then the floor,while the right failure location shifts from the right corner to the right sidewall,right roof corner,and then the roof.Furthermore,the initial failure vertical stress first decreases and then increases.In comparison,the failure severity in the rectangular hole decreases for variousθvalues as 30°>45°>60°>0°.With increasingθ,the fractal dimension(D)of rock slices first increases and then decreases.For the rectangular and D-shaped holes,whenθ=0°,30°,and 90°,D for the rectangular hole is less than that of the D-shaped hole.Whenθ=45°and 60°,D for the rectangular hole is greater than that of the D-shaped hole.Theoretical analysis indicates that the stress concentration at the rectangular and D-shaped corners is greater than the other areas.The failure location rotates with the rotation ofθ,and the failure occurs on the side with a high concentration of compressive stress,while the side with the tensile and compressive stresses remains relatively stable.Therefore,the fundamental reason for the rotation of failure location is the rotation of stress concentration,and the external influencing factor is the rotation ofθ.展开更多
Bacterial infection is a major threat to global public health,and can cause serious diseases such as bacterial skin infection and foodborne diseases.It is essential to develop a new method to rapidly diagnose clinical...Bacterial infection is a major threat to global public health,and can cause serious diseases such as bacterial skin infection and foodborne diseases.It is essential to develop a new method to rapidly diagnose clinical multiple bacterial infections and monitor food microbial contamination in production sites in real-time.In this work,we developed a 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid gold nanoparticles(4-MPBA-AuNPs)-functionalized hydrogel microneedle(MPBA-H-MN)for bacteria detection in skin interstitial fluid.MPBA-H-MN could conveniently capture and enrich a variety of bacteria within 5 min.Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)detection was then performed and combined with machine learning technology to distinguish and identify a variety of bacteria.Overall,the capture efficiency of this method exceeded 50%.In the concentration range of 1×10_(7) to 1×10^(10) colony-forming units/mL(CFU/mL),the corresponding SERS intensity showed a certain linear relationship with the bacterial concentration.Using random forest(RF)-based machine learning,bacteria were effectively distinguished with an accuracy of 97.87%.In addition,the harmless disposal of used MNs by photothermal ablation was convenient,environmentally friendly,and inexpensive.This technique provided a potential method for rapid and real-time diagnosis of multiple clinical bacterial infections and for monitoring microbial contamination of food in production sites.展开更多
Membrane electrode assembly(MEA)is widely considered to be the most promising type of electrolyzer for the practical application of electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).In MEAs,a square-shaped cross-sec...Membrane electrode assembly(MEA)is widely considered to be the most promising type of electrolyzer for the practical application of electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).In MEAs,a square-shaped cross-section in the flow channel is normally adopted,the configuration optimization of which could potentially enhance the performance of the electrolyzer.This paper describes the numerical simulation study on the impact of the flow-channel cross-section shapes in the MEA electrolyzer for CO_(2)RR.The results show that wide flow channels with low heights are beneficial to the CO_(2)RR by providing a uniform flow field of CO_(2),especially at high current densities.Moreover,the larger the electrolyzer,the more significant the effect is.This study provides a theoretical basis for the design of high-performance MEA electrolyzers for CO_(2)RR.展开更多
ZnO is a highly significant II-VI semiconductor known for its excellent optoelectronic properties,making it widely applicable and promising for use in light-emitting devices,solar cells,lasers,and photodetectors.The m...ZnO is a highly significant II-VI semiconductor known for its excellent optoelectronic properties,making it widely applicable and promising for use in light-emitting devices,solar cells,lasers,and photodetectors.The methods for preparing ZnO are diverse,and among them,the hydrothermal method is favored for its simplicity,ease of operation,and low cost,making it an optimal choice for ZnO single-crystal growth.Most studies investigating the effects of different hydrothermal experimental parameters on the morphology and performance of ZnO nano-materials typically focus on only 2—3 variable parameters,with few examining the impact of all possible experimental parameter changes on ZnO nano-mate-rials.The principles of the hydrothermal method and its advantages in nano-material preparation were briefly introduced in this article.The detailed discussion on the influence of various experimental parameters on the preparation of ZnO nano-materials was provided,which including reaction materials,Zn^(2+)/OH^(-)ratio,reaction time and temperature,additives,experimental equipment,and annealing conditions.The review co-vers how different experimental parameters affect the morphology and performance of the materials,as well as how different rare earth doping elements influence the performance of ZnO nano-materials.It is hoped that this work will contribute to future research on the hydrothermal synthesis of nano-materials.展开更多
Porous designs effectively reduce stress shielding in metallic orthopedic implants.However,current porous structures often fail to adequately meet the needs of patients with osteoporosis and low-modulus body regions.T...Porous designs effectively reduce stress shielding in metallic orthopedic implants.However,current porous structures often fail to adequately meet the needs of patients with osteoporosis and low-modulus body regions.This study proposes a sinusoidal-based lattice structure for an ultralow and widely tunable modulus design,aiming to match diverse bone tissue requirements and enhance biomechanical compatibility.Parametric modeling and finite element analysis were used to evaluate the performance of this structure.Results show that,within the design range suitable for bone growth,the elastic modulus of this lattice structure is tunable over a wide range,from 0.09 to 32.67 GPa,outperforming existing porous structures.The lowest value closely matched the minimum mechanical properties of human cancellous bone among porous structures.Moreover,the structure exhibited distinct anisotropic characteristics,allowing for directional design based on mechanical requirements.The structure’s permeability ranged from 1.19×10^(-8) m^(2) to 2.3×10^(-7) m^(2),making it highly compatible with human cancellous bone and meeting the requirements of orthopedic implants.Samples with porosities ranging from 46% to 87% were successfully fabricated using powder bed fusion additive manufacturing,validating the simulation predictions.This tunable low-modulus lattice structure provides a novel approach for developing personalized orthopedic implants,particularly for patients with specialized needs such as osteoporosis,and can potentially enhance biomechanical compatibility and long-term stability.展开更多
The problem of collision avoidance for non-cooperative targets has received significant attention from researchers in recent years.Non-cooperative targets exhibit uncertain states and unpredictable behaviors,making co...The problem of collision avoidance for non-cooperative targets has received significant attention from researchers in recent years.Non-cooperative targets exhibit uncertain states and unpredictable behaviors,making collision avoidance significantly more challenging than that for space debris.Much existing research focuses on the continuous thrust model,whereas the impulsive maneuver model is more appropriate for long-duration and long-distance avoidance missions.Additionally,it is important to minimize the impact on the original mission while avoiding noncooperative targets.On the other hand,the existing avoidance algorithms are computationally complex and time-consuming especially with the limited computing capability of the on-board computer,posing challenges for practical engineering applications.To conquer these difficulties,this paper makes the following key contributions:(A)a turn-based(sequential decision-making)limited-area impulsive collision avoidance model considering the time delay of precision orbit determination is established for the first time;(B)a novel Selection Probability Learning Adaptive Search-depth Search Tree(SPL-ASST)algorithm is proposed for non-cooperative target avoidance,which improves the decision-making efficiency by introducing an adaptive-search-depth mechanism and a neural network into the traditional Monte Carlo Tree Search(MCTS).Numerical simulations confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.展开更多
The current quality standard for polyvinyl alcohol eye drops lacks an impurity assessment,despite the potential impact of raw material impurities on product safety.To strengthen quality control and ensure drug safety,...The current quality standard for polyvinyl alcohol eye drops lacks an impurity assessment,despite the potential impact of raw material impurities on product safety.To strengthen quality control and ensure drug safety,an investigation into the impurity profile of the formulation was conducted,and an HPLC-UV method was developed for impurity quantification.The method validation was performed using an H-type cation exchange column.A total of 116 batches of polyvinyl alcohol eye drops from four manufacturers and two batches of the innovator drug were analyzed.Formic acid was detected exclusively in 0.4 mL samples from Company A and the innovator drug,with concentrations below 0.002%in both cases.Acetic acid was identified in samples from all manufacturers,with levels not exceeding 0.1%.The method demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity,making it well-suited for the quantification of formic and acetic acids in polyvinyl alcohol eye drops.The presence of formic acid was attributed to excipients,whereas acetic acid originated from raw materials and was further generated during pH adjustment in manufacturing.Although the overall impurity levels were low and posed minimal risk to drug safety,manufacturers should remain vigilant regarding impurity control to maintain product quality.展开更多
The phrase“interventional radiology”(IR)was first coined by Margulis in 1967,[1]defining an emerging discipline that leverages image-guided modalities for the diagnosis and management of space-occupying lesions(such...The phrase“interventional radiology”(IR)was first coined by Margulis in 1967,[1]defining an emerging discipline that leverages image-guided modalities for the diagnosis and management of space-occupying lesions(such as tumors)and vascular pathologies(such as thrombosis and atherosclerosis).Since its establishment in China's Mainland in the late 1970s,dedicated efforts by Chinese interventionalists have established the discipline as the“third pillar”of clinical medicine,along with internal medicine and surgery.[2]Interventional therapies are indispensable in clinical practice because of their minimally invasive characteristics,high reproducibility,precise targeting,favorable safety profiles,potentiation of therapeutic efficacy when combined with other treatment strategies,societal benefits at low cost,and the rapid return of patients to the activities of daily living,including work.With advances in medical technology,novel interventional methodologies,devices,and clinical paradigms continue to emerge.IR has demonstrated significant advances in both basic scientific and clinical applications.The present article provides a systematic overview of the current status and future prospects of IR in China,focusing on innovation and translation,discipline development and transformation,and training and standardization.展开更多
In recent years,artificial intelligence(AI)has demonstrated immense potential in driving breakthroughs in the semiconductor industry,particularly in full-color display technologies.Benefiting from the deep integration...In recent years,artificial intelligence(AI)has demonstrated immense potential in driving breakthroughs in the semiconductor industry,particularly in full-color display technologies.Benefiting from the deep integration of AI,these technologies are experiencing unprecedented innovation and industrial transformation,garnering significant attention.These advancements provide a solid foundation for displays with higher color gamut and resolution.In addition,the integration of deep learning with dimming technologies has enabled new display systems to deliver superior viewing experiences with reduced energy consumption.This review highlights recent progress in four key areas of AI application in full-color display technologies:epitaxial structure design,defect detection and repair,perovskite synthesis,and dynamic dimming.AI-driven advancements in these domains are paving the way for smarter,more efficient display technologies.By leveraging AI’s powerful data processing and optimization capabilities,full-color display systems are poised to achieve enhanced performance,energy efficiency,and user satisfaction,marking a significant step toward a more intelligent and innovative future.展开更多
The study examined the association between weekly mean temperature and influenza cases across 122 countries/regions(2014–2019)using a distributed lag non-linear model.We analyzed 3145206 cases of overall influenza(Fl...The study examined the association between weekly mean temperature and influenza cases across 122 countries/regions(2014–2019)using a distributed lag non-linear model.We analyzed 3145206 cases of overall influenza(Flu-All),with influenza A(Flu-A)and influenza B(Flu-B)accounting for 73.49%and 26.51%,respectively.Within a lag of two weeks,Flu-All incidence demonstrated a bimodal temperature relationship,with peak relative risks(RR)of 6.02(95%confidence interval[CI]:1.92–20.77)at–8℃and 3.08(95%CI:1.27–7.49)at 22℃.Flu-A exhibited a similar bimodal pattern,with RRs of 3.76(95%CI:2.39–5.91)at-8℃and 2.08(95%CI:1.55–2.80)at 22℃.Flu-B demonstrated a single risk peak at 1℃(RR=4.48,95%CI:1.74–11.55).Subgroup analyses of climate zones revealed variations:tropical zones peaked at 12℃(RR=1.37,95%CI:1.08–1.74),while dry and temperate zones exhibited the highest risks at-5℃,with RRs of 4.49(95%CI:2.46–7.15)and 5.23(95%CI:3.17–8.64),respectively.Cold zones peaked at 1℃(RR=5.96,95%CI:3.76–9.43).Subgroup analyses of influenza transmission zones revealed variations:Africa showed a higher risk between 6℃and 14℃,Asia showed a higher risk below 3℃,and Europe exhibited distinct risks of influenza peaks at-1℃(Eastern Europe),1℃(Southwestern Europe),and-20℃(Northern Europe).Elevated risks above 11℃were identified in the Americas and Oceania.These findings establish a predictive framework for influenza outbreak preparedness by integrating regional temperature patterns with global climate variability.展开更多
To achieve efficient catalytic hydrogenation of CO_(2)to formate,we employed a transmetallation strategy to develop three novel iridium(Ⅰ)complexes,which feature N‑heterocyclic carbene‑nitrogen‑phosphine ligands(CNP)...To achieve efficient catalytic hydrogenation of CO_(2)to formate,we employed a transmetallation strategy to develop three novel iridium(Ⅰ)complexes,which feature N‑heterocyclic carbene‑nitrogen‑phosphine ligands(CNP)and a 1,5‑cyclooctadiene(cod)molecule:[Ir(cod)(κ^(3)‑CN^(im)P)]Cl(1⁃Cl),[Ir(cod)(κ^(3)‑CN^(im)P)]PF6(1⁃PF_(6)),and[Ir(cod)(κ^(3)‑CNHP)]Cl(2).The^(1)H NMR spectra,^(31)P NMR spectra,and high‑resolution mass spectra verify the successful synthesis of these three Ir(Ⅰ)‑CNP complexes.Furthermore,single‑crystal X‑ray diffraction analysis confirms the coordination geometry of 1⁃PF_(6).The strong Ir—C(NHC)bond suggests that the carbene carbon plays an enhanced anchoring role to iridium due to its strongσ‑donating ability,which helps stabilize the active metal species during CO_(2)hydrogenation.As a result,the Ir(Ⅰ)‑CNP complex exhibits remarkable activity and long catalytic lifetime for the hydrogenation of CO_(2)to formate,reaching a turnover number(TON)of 1.16×10^(6)after 150 h at a high temperature of 170℃,which was a relatively high value among all the Ir complexes.CCDC:2384071,1⁃PF_(6).展开更多
CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)electrolyzers based on gas diffusion electrode(GDE)enable the direct mass transfer of CO_(2)to the catalyst surface for participation in the reaction,thereby establishing an efficient...CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)electrolyzers based on gas diffusion electrode(GDE)enable the direct mass transfer of CO_(2)to the catalyst surface for participation in the reaction,thereby establishing an efficient three-phase reaction interface that significantly enhances current density.However,current hydrophobic modification methods face difficulties in achieving precise and substantial control over wettability,and the hydrophobic modifiers tend to significantly impair the conductivity of the electrode and ion transport capabilities.This study employs Nafion ionomers to hydrophobically modify the threedimensional catalyst layer,revealing the bifunctionality of Nafion.The fluorinated backbone of Nafion ensures the hydrophobicity of the entire catalyst layer,while its sulfonic acid groups promote ion transport,without significantly affecting the conductivity of the electrode.Furthermore,by employing modifiers with distinct wettability characteristics,a highly efficient and large-scale manipulation of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties of the catalyst layer was successfully realized.The electrode,constructed with silver nanopowder as a representative catalyst and modified with the hydrophobic ionomer Nafion,exhibits a substantial enhancement in both catalytic activity and durability.The optimized electrode exhibited exceptional electrocatalytic performance in both flow cell and membrane electrode assembly(MEA)configurations.Notably,in the MEA,the electrode achieved a remarkable CO Faradaic efficiency(FE)of 93.3%at a total current density of 200 mA cm^(-2),while maintaining stable operation for over 62 h.展开更多
基金This work is supported by the Institute for Information&communications Technology Promotion(IITP)grant funded by the Korean government Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)(No.B0184-15-1001,Federated Interoperable Semantic IoT Testbeds and Applications).
文摘The Internet of Things(IoT)provides new opportunities for different IoT platforms connecting various devices together.The need to identify those devices is the foremost important to perform any kind of operation.Many organizations and standard bodies that provide specifications and frameworks for the IoT currently have their own identification mechanisms.Some existing industrial identification mechanisms can also be used in the IoT.There is no common Identification Scheme(IS)for the IoT as yet,because of the political and commercial differences amongst the standard bodies.The unavailability of a unified IS method makes the inter-working among IoT platforms challenging.This paper analyses and compares ISs used by several selected IoT platforms.This work will help in understanding the need for a common identification mechanism to provide inter-working among different IoT platforms.
基金supported by the Shanghai Sailing Program(No.21YF1418500)the Shanghai Chenguang Program(No.21CGA70)+1 种基金the three-year action plan for strengthening the construction of the public health system in Shanghai(No.GWVI-11.2-YQ12)Additionally,we would like to thank the Shanghai Oriental Talents Program-Youth Project(Education Platform)for its support of this study.
文摘Aging is a complex biological process characterized by nine hallmarks,including genomic instability,mitochondrial dysfunction,and chronic inflammation,which collectively drive the progression of age-related chronic non-communicable diseases.Phytonutrients,a class of bioactive secondary metabolites abundant in plants,have emerged as a promising research focus for intervening in the aging process due to their multifaceted biological activities.This review systematically elaborates on the molecular mechanisms,key signaling pathways,specifically SIRT1,Nrf2/ARE,and AMPK/mTOR,and the synergistic anti-aging effects of four typical phytonutrient categories:polyphenols(e.g.,resveratrol,quercetin),carotenoids(e.g.,lycopene,astaxanthin),sulfur compounds(e.g.,α-lipoic acid,ergothioneine),and phytoestrogens(e.g.,soybean isoflavones).The evidence indicates that these compounds combat aging through a multidimensional network involving direct antioxidant actions,free radical scavenging,metal chelation,promotion of autophagy,and modulation of inflammatory and epigenetic pathways.Crucially,the review highlights that synergistic interactions between different phytonutrients can significantly enhance their efficacy beyond the effect of any single compound.The aim is to consolidate the anti-aging evidence of phytonutrients and address the current translational challenges,such as bioavailability and a lack of robust human trials,thereby providing a comprehensive theoretical framework for developing effective,diet-centered strategies to promote healthy aging and reduce the global burden of non-communicable diseases.
基金supported partially by the Australian Government through the Australian Research Council Centres of Excellence funding scheme(project CE200100029)。
文摘Background:Tandem gene repeats naturally occur as important genomic features and determine many traits in living organisms,like human diseases and microbial productivities of target bioproducts.Methods:Here,we developed a bacterial type-II toxin-antitoxin-mediated method to manipulate genomic integration of tandem gene repeats in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and further visualised the evolutionary trajectories of gene repeats.We designed a tri-vector system to introduce toxin-antitoxin-driven gene amplification modules.Results:This system delivered multi-copy gene integration in the form of tandem gene repeats spontaneously and independently from toxin-antitoxin-mediated selection.Inducing the toxin(RelE)expressing via a copper(II)-inducible CUP1 promoter successfully drove the in-situ gene amplification of the antitoxin(RelB)module,resulting in~40 copies of a green fluorescence reporter gene per copy of genome.Copy-number changes,copy-number increase and copy-number decrease,and stable maintenance were visualised using the green fluorescence protein and blue chromoprotein AeBlue as reporters.Copy-number increases happened spontaneously and independent on a selection pressure.Increased copy number was quickly enriched through toxin-antitoxin-mediated selection.Conclusion:In summary,the bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems provide a flexible mechanism to manipulate gene copy number in eukaryotic cells and can be exploited for synthetic biology and metabolic engineering applications.
文摘提出了一种基于卷积神经网络的物品矢量检测识别方法:ACDet(self-attention and concatenation based detector),旨在解决照度变化下密集无序药品包装轮廓的高效检测问题。该方法采用组合图像增强技术提升模型学习物品外观特征的能力,对计算模块C2F-A(C2F with attention)采用多条梯度流输出来进行多维度的强化自我注意力增强,包括特征维度和空间维度。设计的WConcat(weighted concatenation)模块可以对不同层次的特征图进行加权拼接并捕捉更关键的特征图,从而使网络具备更好的认知能力。在医药案例数据集(cancer pathological and pharmaceutical dataset,CPPD)实验中实现了81.0%的mAP(mean average precision),79.5%的Smoot hmAP,平均领先其他YOLO(you only look once)架构的模型5.5%~16.6%,在公开数据集平均领先0.7%~6.9%。同时,零样本测试中复核成功率达到99.9%。研究结果显示,ACDet能克服复杂检测场景难题,实现网络鲁棒性提升及轻量化,为工业智能化生产提供了技术支持。
文摘Sulfur-doped iron-cobalt tannate nanorods(S-FeCoTA)derived from metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)as electrocatalysts were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method.The optimized S-FeCoTA was interlaced by loose nanorods,which had many voids.The S-FeCoTA catalysts exhibited excellent electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance with a low overpotential of 273 mV at 10 mA·cm^(-2)and a small Tafel slope of 36 mV·dec^(-1)in 1 mol·L^(-1)KOH.The potential remained at 1.48 V(vs RHE)at 10 mA·cm^(-2)under continuous testing for 15 h,implying that S-FeCoTA had good stability.The Faraday efficiency of S-FeCoTA was 94%.The outstanding OER activity of S-FeCoTA is attributed to the synergistic effects among S,Fe,and Co,thus promoting electron transfer,reducing the reaction kinetic barrier,and enhancing the OER performance.
文摘Electrospinning technology has emerged as a promising method for fabricating flexible lithium-ion batter-ies(FLIBs)due to its ability to create materials with desir-able properties for energy storage applications.FLIBs,which are foldable and have high energy densities,are be-coming increasingly important as power sources for wear-able devices,flexible electronics,and mobile energy applica-tions.Carbon materials,especially carbon nanofibers,are pivotal in improving the performance of FLIBs by increas-ing electrical conductivity,chemical stability,and surface area,as well as reducing costs.These materials also play a significant role in establishing conducting networks and im-proving structural integrity,which are essential for extend-ing the cycle life and enhancing the safety of the batteries.This review considers the role of electrospinning in the fabrication of critical FLIB components,with a particular emphasis on the integration of carbon materials.It explores strategies to optimize FLIB performance by fine-tuning the electrospinning para-meters,such as electric field strength,spinning rate,solution concentration,and carbonization process.Precise control over fiber properties is crucial for enhancing battery reliability and stability during folding and bending.It also highlights the latest research findings in carbon-based electrode materials,high-performance electrolytes,and separator structures,discussing the practical challenges and opportunities these materials present.It underscores the significant impact of carbon materials on the evolution of FLIBs and their potential to shape future energy storage technologies.
基金funded by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities(Ref.PID2019-110356RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)to JFI and ESthe Department of Economic and Business Development from Government of Navarra(Ref.0011-1411-2023-000028 to ES)+2 种基金supported by a predoctoral fellowship from the Public University of Navarra(UPNA)supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from Miguel Servet Foundation-Navarrabiomedsupported by“Programa MRR Investigo 2023”in the framework of the European Union recovery and resilience facility。
文摘Data-driven drug repositioning using olfactory omics profiles-challenges and perspectives in neurodegeneration:Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive degeneration and loss of neuronal function in the central nervous system.These diseases are often characterized as proteinopathies,which are disorders primarily driven by the aggregation or misfolding of specific amyloid proteins within cells,leading to their dysfunction and eventual death.Despite the gain-of-function hypothesis related to the aggregation of these proteins,recently,an alternative hypothesis regarding the loss-of-function of the soluble monomeric proteins during the process of aggregation into amyloids is gaining currency.This last event is called proteinopenia and refers to conditions characterized by a deficiency or decrease in the levels of specific soluble proteins in the body(Ezzat et al.,2023).It has been demonstrated that levels of soluble proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases are decreased.
基金funded by the Joint Fund for Regional Innovation and Development of National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20143)the National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(52322607)the Excellent Youth Foundation of Heilongjiang Scientific Committee(YQ2022E028)。
文摘Improving the volumetric energy density of supercapacitors is essential for practical applications,which highly relies on the dense storage of ions in carbon-based electrodes.The functional units of carbon-based electrode exhibit multi-scale structural characteristics including macroscopic electrode morphologies,mesoscopic microcrystals and pores,and microscopic defects and dopants in the carbon basal plane.Therefore,the ordered combination of multi-scale structures of carbon electrode is crucial for achieving dense energy storage and high volumetric performance by leveraging the functions of various scale structu re.Considering that previous reviews have focused more on the discussion of specific scale structu re of carbon electrodes,this review takes a multi-scale perspective in which recent progresses regarding the structureperformance relationship,underlying mechanism and directional design of carbon-based multi-scale structures including carbon morphology,pore structure,carbon basal plane micro-environment and electrode technology on dense energy storage and volumetric property of supercapacitors are systematically discussed.We analyzed in detail the effects of the morphology,pore,and micro-environment of carbon electrode materials on ion dense storage,summarized the specific effects of different scale structures on volumetric property and recent research progress,and proposed the mutual influence and trade-off relationship between various scale structures.In addition,the challenges and outlooks for improving the dense storage and volumetric performance of carbon-based supercapacitors are analyzed,which can provide feasible technical reference and guidance for the design and manufacture of dense carbon-based electrode materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.52304227 and 52104133)Scientific and Technological Research Platform for Disaster Prevention and Control of Deep Coal Mining (Anhui University of Science and Technology) (Grant No.DPDCM2208).
文摘To investigate the effects of the maximum principal stress direction(θ)and cross-section shape on the failure characteristics of sandstone,true-triaxial compression experiments were conducted using cubic samples with rectangular,circular,and D-shaped holes.Asθincreases from 0°to 60°in the rectangular hole,the left failure location shifts from the left corner to the left sidewall,the left corner,and then the floor,while the right failure location shifts from the right corner to the right sidewall,right roof corner,and then the roof.Furthermore,the initial failure vertical stress first decreases and then increases.In comparison,the failure severity in the rectangular hole decreases for variousθvalues as 30°>45°>60°>0°.With increasingθ,the fractal dimension(D)of rock slices first increases and then decreases.For the rectangular and D-shaped holes,whenθ=0°,30°,and 90°,D for the rectangular hole is less than that of the D-shaped hole.Whenθ=45°and 60°,D for the rectangular hole is greater than that of the D-shaped hole.Theoretical analysis indicates that the stress concentration at the rectangular and D-shaped corners is greater than the other areas.The failure location rotates with the rotation ofθ,and the failure occurs on the side with a high concentration of compressive stress,while the side with the tensile and compressive stresses remains relatively stable.Therefore,the fundamental reason for the rotation of failure location is the rotation of stress concentration,and the external influencing factor is the rotation ofθ.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:82204340,82173954,and 82073815)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.:BK20221048)+1 种基金the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent,China(Grant No.:2022ZB295)Key Laboratory Project of Quality Control of Chinese Herbal Medicines and Decoction Pieces,Gansu Institute for Drug Control,China(Grant No.:2024GSMPA-KL02).
文摘Bacterial infection is a major threat to global public health,and can cause serious diseases such as bacterial skin infection and foodborne diseases.It is essential to develop a new method to rapidly diagnose clinical multiple bacterial infections and monitor food microbial contamination in production sites in real-time.In this work,we developed a 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid gold nanoparticles(4-MPBA-AuNPs)-functionalized hydrogel microneedle(MPBA-H-MN)for bacteria detection in skin interstitial fluid.MPBA-H-MN could conveniently capture and enrich a variety of bacteria within 5 min.Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)detection was then performed and combined with machine learning technology to distinguish and identify a variety of bacteria.Overall,the capture efficiency of this method exceeded 50%.In the concentration range of 1×10_(7) to 1×10^(10) colony-forming units/mL(CFU/mL),the corresponding SERS intensity showed a certain linear relationship with the bacterial concentration.Using random forest(RF)-based machine learning,bacteria were effectively distinguished with an accuracy of 97.87%.In addition,the harmless disposal of used MNs by photothermal ablation was convenient,environmentally friendly,and inexpensive.This technique provided a potential method for rapid and real-time diagnosis of multiple clinical bacterial infections and for monitoring microbial contamination of food in production sites.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA1501503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22250008,22121004,22108197)+3 种基金the Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations(No.CYZC202107)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City(No.21JCZXJC00060)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(No.BP0618007)the Xplorer Prize for financial support。
文摘Membrane electrode assembly(MEA)is widely considered to be the most promising type of electrolyzer for the practical application of electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).In MEAs,a square-shaped cross-section in the flow channel is normally adopted,the configuration optimization of which could potentially enhance the performance of the electrolyzer.This paper describes the numerical simulation study on the impact of the flow-channel cross-section shapes in the MEA electrolyzer for CO_(2)RR.The results show that wide flow channels with low heights are beneficial to the CO_(2)RR by providing a uniform flow field of CO_(2),especially at high current densities.Moreover,the larger the electrolyzer,the more significant the effect is.This study provides a theoretical basis for the design of high-performance MEA electrolyzers for CO_(2)RR.
文摘ZnO is a highly significant II-VI semiconductor known for its excellent optoelectronic properties,making it widely applicable and promising for use in light-emitting devices,solar cells,lasers,and photodetectors.The methods for preparing ZnO are diverse,and among them,the hydrothermal method is favored for its simplicity,ease of operation,and low cost,making it an optimal choice for ZnO single-crystal growth.Most studies investigating the effects of different hydrothermal experimental parameters on the morphology and performance of ZnO nano-materials typically focus on only 2—3 variable parameters,with few examining the impact of all possible experimental parameter changes on ZnO nano-mate-rials.The principles of the hydrothermal method and its advantages in nano-material preparation were briefly introduced in this article.The detailed discussion on the influence of various experimental parameters on the preparation of ZnO nano-materials was provided,which including reaction materials,Zn^(2+)/OH^(-)ratio,reaction time and temperature,additives,experimental equipment,and annealing conditions.The review co-vers how different experimental parameters affect the morphology and performance of the materials,as well as how different rare earth doping elements influence the performance of ZnO nano-materials.It is hoped that this work will contribute to future research on the hydrothermal synthesis of nano-materials.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB4600500)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,and the Program for Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2023-CX-TD-17).
文摘Porous designs effectively reduce stress shielding in metallic orthopedic implants.However,current porous structures often fail to adequately meet the needs of patients with osteoporosis and low-modulus body regions.This study proposes a sinusoidal-based lattice structure for an ultralow and widely tunable modulus design,aiming to match diverse bone tissue requirements and enhance biomechanical compatibility.Parametric modeling and finite element analysis were used to evaluate the performance of this structure.Results show that,within the design range suitable for bone growth,the elastic modulus of this lattice structure is tunable over a wide range,from 0.09 to 32.67 GPa,outperforming existing porous structures.The lowest value closely matched the minimum mechanical properties of human cancellous bone among porous structures.Moreover,the structure exhibited distinct anisotropic characteristics,allowing for directional design based on mechanical requirements.The structure’s permeability ranged from 1.19×10^(-8) m^(2) to 2.3×10^(-7) m^(2),making it highly compatible with human cancellous bone and meeting the requirements of orthopedic implants.Samples with porosities ranging from 46% to 87% were successfully fabricated using powder bed fusion additive manufacturing,validating the simulation predictions.This tunable low-modulus lattice structure provides a novel approach for developing personalized orthopedic implants,particularly for patients with specialized needs such as osteoporosis,and can potentially enhance biomechanical compatibility and long-term stability.
基金co-supported by the Foundation of Shanghai Astronautics Science and Technology Innovation,China(No.SAST2022-114)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62303378),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.124B2031,12202281)the Foundation of China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Test Physics&Numerical Mathematics,China(No.08-YY-2023-R11)。
文摘The problem of collision avoidance for non-cooperative targets has received significant attention from researchers in recent years.Non-cooperative targets exhibit uncertain states and unpredictable behaviors,making collision avoidance significantly more challenging than that for space debris.Much existing research focuses on the continuous thrust model,whereas the impulsive maneuver model is more appropriate for long-duration and long-distance avoidance missions.Additionally,it is important to minimize the impact on the original mission while avoiding noncooperative targets.On the other hand,the existing avoidance algorithms are computationally complex and time-consuming especially with the limited computing capability of the on-board computer,posing challenges for practical engineering applications.To conquer these difficulties,this paper makes the following key contributions:(A)a turn-based(sequential decision-making)limited-area impulsive collision avoidance model considering the time delay of precision orbit determination is established for the first time;(B)a novel Selection Probability Learning Adaptive Search-depth Search Tree(SPL-ASST)algorithm is proposed for non-cooperative target avoidance,which improves the decision-making efficiency by introducing an adaptive-search-depth mechanism and a neural network into the traditional Monte Carlo Tree Search(MCTS).Numerical simulations confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.
基金National Drug Sampling Inspection Project(No.NMPA Drug Admin[2024]1).
文摘The current quality standard for polyvinyl alcohol eye drops lacks an impurity assessment,despite the potential impact of raw material impurities on product safety.To strengthen quality control and ensure drug safety,an investigation into the impurity profile of the formulation was conducted,and an HPLC-UV method was developed for impurity quantification.The method validation was performed using an H-type cation exchange column.A total of 116 batches of polyvinyl alcohol eye drops from four manufacturers and two batches of the innovator drug were analyzed.Formic acid was detected exclusively in 0.4 mL samples from Company A and the innovator drug,with concentrations below 0.002%in both cases.Acetic acid was identified in samples from all manufacturers,with levels not exceeding 0.1%.The method demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity,making it well-suited for the quantification of formic and acetic acids in polyvinyl alcohol eye drops.The presence of formic acid was attributed to excipients,whereas acetic acid originated from raw materials and was further generated during pH adjustment in manufacturing.Although the overall impurity levels were low and posed minimal risk to drug safety,manufacturers should remain vigilant regarding impurity control to maintain product quality.
基金supported by a grant from the Jiangsu Province Medical Innovation Center(No.CXZX202219).The funder had no role in the study designcollection,analyses,or interpretation of data+1 种基金writing of the manuscriptor decision to publish the results.
文摘The phrase“interventional radiology”(IR)was first coined by Margulis in 1967,[1]defining an emerging discipline that leverages image-guided modalities for the diagnosis and management of space-occupying lesions(such as tumors)and vascular pathologies(such as thrombosis and atherosclerosis).Since its establishment in China's Mainland in the late 1970s,dedicated efforts by Chinese interventionalists have established the discipline as the“third pillar”of clinical medicine,along with internal medicine and surgery.[2]Interventional therapies are indispensable in clinical practice because of their minimally invasive characteristics,high reproducibility,precise targeting,favorable safety profiles,potentiation of therapeutic efficacy when combined with other treatment strategies,societal benefits at low cost,and the rapid return of patients to the activities of daily living,including work.With advances in medical technology,novel interventional methodologies,devices,and clinical paradigms continue to emerge.IR has demonstrated significant advances in both basic scientific and clinical applications.The present article provides a systematic overview of the current status and future prospects of IR in China,focusing on innovation and translation,discipline development and transformation,and training and standardization.
基金upported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62274138)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(Grant No.2023J06012)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Plan Project in Fujian Province of China(Grant No.2021H0011)the Funda-mental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.20720230029)the Compound Semiconductor Technology Collaborative Innovation Platform Project of FuXiaQuan National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone(Grant No.3502ZCQXT2022005).
文摘In recent years,artificial intelligence(AI)has demonstrated immense potential in driving breakthroughs in the semiconductor industry,particularly in full-color display technologies.Benefiting from the deep integration of AI,these technologies are experiencing unprecedented innovation and industrial transformation,garnering significant attention.These advancements provide a solid foundation for displays with higher color gamut and resolution.In addition,the integration of deep learning with dimming technologies has enabled new display systems to deliver superior viewing experiences with reduced energy consumption.This review highlights recent progress in four key areas of AI application in full-color display technologies:epitaxial structure design,defect detection and repair,perovskite synthesis,and dynamic dimming.AI-driven advancements in these domains are paving the way for smarter,more efficient display technologies.By leveraging AI’s powerful data processing and optimization capabilities,full-color display systems are poised to achieve enhanced performance,energy efficiency,and user satisfaction,marking a significant step toward a more intelligent and innovative future.
基金supported by the Nanjing Important Science&Technology Specific Projects(Grant No.2021-11005 to P.H.)。
文摘The study examined the association between weekly mean temperature and influenza cases across 122 countries/regions(2014–2019)using a distributed lag non-linear model.We analyzed 3145206 cases of overall influenza(Flu-All),with influenza A(Flu-A)and influenza B(Flu-B)accounting for 73.49%and 26.51%,respectively.Within a lag of two weeks,Flu-All incidence demonstrated a bimodal temperature relationship,with peak relative risks(RR)of 6.02(95%confidence interval[CI]:1.92–20.77)at–8℃and 3.08(95%CI:1.27–7.49)at 22℃.Flu-A exhibited a similar bimodal pattern,with RRs of 3.76(95%CI:2.39–5.91)at-8℃and 2.08(95%CI:1.55–2.80)at 22℃.Flu-B demonstrated a single risk peak at 1℃(RR=4.48,95%CI:1.74–11.55).Subgroup analyses of climate zones revealed variations:tropical zones peaked at 12℃(RR=1.37,95%CI:1.08–1.74),while dry and temperate zones exhibited the highest risks at-5℃,with RRs of 4.49(95%CI:2.46–7.15)and 5.23(95%CI:3.17–8.64),respectively.Cold zones peaked at 1℃(RR=5.96,95%CI:3.76–9.43).Subgroup analyses of influenza transmission zones revealed variations:Africa showed a higher risk between 6℃and 14℃,Asia showed a higher risk below 3℃,and Europe exhibited distinct risks of influenza peaks at-1℃(Eastern Europe),1℃(Southwestern Europe),and-20℃(Northern Europe).Elevated risks above 11℃were identified in the Americas and Oceania.These findings establish a predictive framework for influenza outbreak preparedness by integrating regional temperature patterns with global climate variability.
文摘To achieve efficient catalytic hydrogenation of CO_(2)to formate,we employed a transmetallation strategy to develop three novel iridium(Ⅰ)complexes,which feature N‑heterocyclic carbene‑nitrogen‑phosphine ligands(CNP)and a 1,5‑cyclooctadiene(cod)molecule:[Ir(cod)(κ^(3)‑CN^(im)P)]Cl(1⁃Cl),[Ir(cod)(κ^(3)‑CN^(im)P)]PF6(1⁃PF_(6)),and[Ir(cod)(κ^(3)‑CNHP)]Cl(2).The^(1)H NMR spectra,^(31)P NMR spectra,and high‑resolution mass spectra verify the successful synthesis of these three Ir(Ⅰ)‑CNP complexes.Furthermore,single‑crystal X‑ray diffraction analysis confirms the coordination geometry of 1⁃PF_(6).The strong Ir—C(NHC)bond suggests that the carbene carbon plays an enhanced anchoring role to iridium due to its strongσ‑donating ability,which helps stabilize the active metal species during CO_(2)hydrogenation.As a result,the Ir(Ⅰ)‑CNP complex exhibits remarkable activity and long catalytic lifetime for the hydrogenation of CO_(2)to formate,reaching a turnover number(TON)of 1.16×10^(6)after 150 h at a high temperature of 170℃,which was a relatively high value among all the Ir complexes.CCDC:2384071,1⁃PF_(6).
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFA1507902,2021YFA1500804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22121004,22038009,22250008)+2 种基金the Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations(CYZC202107)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities,China(No.BP0618007)the Xplorer Prize,China,for their financial support。
文摘CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)electrolyzers based on gas diffusion electrode(GDE)enable the direct mass transfer of CO_(2)to the catalyst surface for participation in the reaction,thereby establishing an efficient three-phase reaction interface that significantly enhances current density.However,current hydrophobic modification methods face difficulties in achieving precise and substantial control over wettability,and the hydrophobic modifiers tend to significantly impair the conductivity of the electrode and ion transport capabilities.This study employs Nafion ionomers to hydrophobically modify the threedimensional catalyst layer,revealing the bifunctionality of Nafion.The fluorinated backbone of Nafion ensures the hydrophobicity of the entire catalyst layer,while its sulfonic acid groups promote ion transport,without significantly affecting the conductivity of the electrode.Furthermore,by employing modifiers with distinct wettability characteristics,a highly efficient and large-scale manipulation of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties of the catalyst layer was successfully realized.The electrode,constructed with silver nanopowder as a representative catalyst and modified with the hydrophobic ionomer Nafion,exhibits a substantial enhancement in both catalytic activity and durability.The optimized electrode exhibited exceptional electrocatalytic performance in both flow cell and membrane electrode assembly(MEA)configurations.Notably,in the MEA,the electrode achieved a remarkable CO Faradaic efficiency(FE)of 93.3%at a total current density of 200 mA cm^(-2),while maintaining stable operation for over 62 h.
